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Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. onbehalf Hospital Albert Eisntein"s pediatric echocardiogram team Can atrial septal defect size in newborn predict spontaneous closure? Introduction Spontaneous closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) has been reported to occur in 33%-75% of patients. Factors that influence spontaneous closure are size of the ASD and age of the patients. Purpose We aimed to investigate if the diameter of ASD measured by echocardiogram in the newborn can anticipate clinical outcome and predict spontaneous closure. Methods We reviewed 1012 two-dimensional echocardiograms (2DE) performed in the first days of life of newborn at our hospital from January 2015 to December 2019 with ASD or patent foramen ovale (PFO) as initial diagnoses. The exclusion criteria were associated congenital heart disease, except ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus both without repercussion. 153 newborns with ASD or PFO in the first 2DE were included in this study. The individual data collected were age at the exam, birth weight, gestational age, height by birth, ASD diameter, total diameter of atrial septum and Septum/ASD ratio (Table 1). The results were expressed as mean ± SD, or percentage. Comparisons of continuous variables between groups of patients were performed using the Student T test. Statistical significance was determined by p Results ASD or PFO was found in 153 newborns. 60 had PFO, spontaneous closure was reported in 38 (63%). 93 had ASD in the first 2DE, spontaneous closure was reported in 41 (44%). The mean age of diagnosis was 3,37 ±4,39 days of life. The diameter of the ASD in the first exam and the septum/ASD ratio were associated with spontaneous closure. There was no association between spontaneous closure of ASD and birth weight or gestational age in this studied group. Conclusion The ASD diameter obtained at the first 2DE in the first days of life was associated with spontaneous closure of the defect. Table 1 Non-closure group (N = 52) Closure group (N= 41) P Age at the exam (days) 3,48 (±4,52) 3,2 (±4,27) 0,78 Birth weight (grams) 2459,85 (±1098,79) 2350,12 (±1247,70) 0,65 Gestational age (weeks) 34,88 (±5,17) 34,54 (±5,10) 0,75 Height by birth (cm) 44,46 (±6,81) 43,67 (±6,77) 0,57 ASD diameter (mm) 3,66 (± 2,66 (±0,57)

Thoroughbred horses are seasonal mating animals, and their foals are born yearly in spring seasons. In northern regions or countries, the foals generally show a typical seasonal compensatory growth pattern, where their growth rate declines in winter and increases in the next spring. In this study, a new empirical approach is proposed to adjust for this compensatory growth when growth curve equations are estimated, by using BW of Japanese Thoroughbred colts and fillies raised in Hidaka, Hokkaido. Based on the traditional Richards growth curve equation, new growth curve equations were developed and fit to the weight-age data. The foals generally experience 2 major winter seasons before their debut in horseracing. The new equations had sigmoid subfunctions that can empirically adjust the first and second year compensatory growths, combined with the Richards biological parameter responsible for the maturity of animals. The unknown parameters included in the equations were estimated by SAS NLMIXED procedure. The goodness-of-fit was examined by using several indices of goodness-of-fit (i.e., Akaike's information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, -2 log likelihood, and residual sum of squares) for the multiple applications of the subfunctions. The indices indicated the best fit of the new equations including both subfunctions for the first and second compensatory growths to the weight-age data. The shapes of the growth curves were improved during the periods of compensatory growth. The proposed method is one of the useful approaches for adjusting multiple seasonal compensatory growths in growth curve estimations of Thoroughbreds and for the management of young horses during the compensatory periods.

Hydrogen plasma surface cleaning of Si at 600°C and the surface stabilization with arsenic-vapor at lower temperature were employed for heteroepitaxial growth of InSb on Si with large lattice mismatch of 19%. The passivated Si surface showed 1×1 structure and was stable even in air. InSb was successively grown in hydrogen plasma on the Si surface at 450°C with controlled Sb/In supply ratio. Initial buffer layer grown at 210°C with four average monolayers was found to be optimum with suppressed three-dimensional nucleation and strain with the longitudinal lattice mismatch around 12–13%. Hall mobility of 2 μm thick heteroepitaxial InSb film on Si successively grown by the total plasma process was 1.2×10 4 cm 2 /Vs at room temperature, compared to the lower value of 3×10 3 cm 2 /Vs for the polycrystalline film.

Thoroughbred horses are seasonal mating animals, and their foals are born yearly in spring seasons. In northern regions or countries, the foals generally show a typical seasonal compensatory growth pattern, where their growth rate declines in winter and increases in the next spring. In this study, a new empirical approach is proposed to adjust for this compensatory growth when growth curve equations are estimated, by using BW of Japanese Thoroughbred colts and fillies raised in Hidaka, Hokkaido. Based on the traditional Richards growth curve equation, new growth curve equations were developed and fit to the weight-age data. The foals generally experience 2 major winter seasons before their debut in horseracing. The new equations had sigmoid subfunctions that can empirically adjust the first and second year compensatory growths, combined with the Richards biological parameter responsible for the maturity of animals. The unknown parameters included in the equations were estimated by SAS NLMIXED procedure. The goodness-of-fit was examined by using several indices of goodness-of-fit (i.e., Akaike's information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, -2 log likelihood, and residual sum of squares) for the multiple applications of the subfunctions. The indices indicated the best fit of the new equations including both subfunctions for the first and second compensatory growths to the weight-age data. The shapes of the growth curves were improved during the periods of compensatory growth. The proposed method is one of the useful approaches for adjusting multiple seasonal compensatory growths in growth curve estimations of Thoroughbreds and for the management of young horses during the compensatory periods.

Multi-level programming is demonstrated with 43 nm-node NAND floating-gate megabit cells for the first time, by thinning an inter-gate dielectric film to less than 13 nm. 43 nm-node cobalt-silicide control-gate and copper bit-line technologies are developed to achieve low resistances of the word lines and bit lines.

Two hundred nine patients with completely resected stage III non-small-cell lung cancer were randomized to receive postoperative cisplatin and vindesine chemotherapy or no further treatment. Before randomization, patients were stratified by the histologic characteristics of their tumors (squamous versus nonsquamous cell carcinoma). Prognostic variables such as histology, performance status, extent of operation, and tumor and nodal status of the eligible patients in chemotherapy (n = 90) and control groups (n = 91) were equally distributed. There was no statistically significant difference in disease-free and overall survival between the two groups. The 3-year disease-free survivals of the chemotherapy and control groups were 37% and 42%, respectively. The median survival times (5-year survival) were 31 months (35%) in the chemotherapy group and 37 months (41%) in the control group. These was no different pattern in the first site of recurrence (local versus systemic) between the two groups. This study failed to demonstrate the therapeutic benefits of postoperative cisplatin and vindesine chemotherapy.

Protoplasts isolated from tomato, wild tomato, barley and chrysanthemum were electrotransfected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA under almost the same optimum electric conditions: five square DC pulses of 50 microseconds duration at 500 to 800 V/cm, with the protoplasts suspended at 2 x 10(5)/ml in 0.5 M-mannitol containing 100 microM-MgCl2 and 10 to 20 micrograms/ml TMV RNA. ELISAs of these transfected protoplasts showed that the yields and the growth curves of the virus were quite similar, indicating a lack of host specificity in the initially infected cells of these plants.

We examined the quality of mesoderm induced by the action of activin A on the Xenopus presumptive ectoderm when various concentrations and treatment times were employed. The minimum concentration of activin A to induce mesodermal tissues was inversely proportional to its treatment time. The explants differentiated into different types of mesodermal tissues, from ventral-type to dorsal-type depending on the concentration of activin A and its treatment time. To confirm whether activin A has a role in establishing axial organization, activin A was injected into the blastocoel of late blastulae. About 70% of the injected embryos formed secondary tail-shaped outgrowths in which muscle and neural tube differentiated. The amount of activin A to form secondary outgrowths was 0.5-2.5 pg, roughly consistent with the amount estimated from in vitro experiments. As we have detected almost the same amount of activin homologue in the early embryos (Asashima et al., 1991a), we speculate that activin A may be the natural mesodermal inducer, and that it is responsible for establishing axial organization in the Xenopus embryo.

The effect of drawing on the molecular motions in amorphous polycarbonate is studied by the dielectric relaxation with following conclusions. (1) A structural model for the drawn polycarbonate is obtained from the data of the density, the birefringence and the height of the endothermic peak atTg. The molecular chains of polycarbonate are supposed to be oriented to the draw direction and packed closely by drawing. No process similar to that in polyethylene terephthalate occurs in polycarbonate. (2) The rate of the torsional oscillation of the frozen chains in the glassy polycarbonate varies with the draw ratio. It decreases at first and then increases near the severance. This behavior can be explained by the local mode relaxation theory and the structural model proposed here. (3) The behavior of polycarbonate by drawing was compared with that of polyethylene terephtalate and discussed.

(1988). Treatment of “Limited” Stage III Non-Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 193-207.

Under the Oshima Volcano sits ruin of basaltic volcano named Okata basalts. Under the Okata basalts, it is believed to exist miocene volcanic complex (Yugashima Series) as the fragments of altered andesites and gabbro are contained in the tuff breccia. The Okata basalts is composed in pliocene epoch as strato-volcano. After it is folded, faulted and eroded deeply, the activity of the Oshima Volcano began covering the reef of ruined Okata basalts exposed on the surface of the pacific ocean in quaternary epoch.The volcanism succeeded violently intercalating peaceful time, when the pre-historic man lived at the sea shore, and at last, after the flow out of large quantities of lava, caulderon subsidence of the top of the volcano occurred. Before the subsidence, fault in the direction of N-S was formed along the east coast of the island, which is now represented as cliff of about 100 m in height. And also, accompanying the subsidence, fault was formed at the north part of the caldera in the direction of NE-SW to obscure the oval form of the caldera.After the subsidence central cone Miharayama began its development. The broad crater named “Inner Somma” seems to be formed in the pre-historic time and the historic activities occurred in it to form narrow vents or small cinder cones here and there in each case. The violent activities to flow lava over the wall of “Inner Somma” occurred only two times in the record and the recent activity is the third case.

The concentration dependence of the viscosity of disperse systems has been fully investigated by many workers, and especially by Rutgers 24 . The effect of shear rate has not, however, been further investigated since the work of Powell and Eyring 22 and Cross 23 . This paper discusses the flow patterns of disperse systems based on measurements over a very wide range of shear rates, and concludes that such systems obey “Ostwald” or “modified Ostwald” flow patterns. Yielding properties and dilational characteristics are also discussed using these flow patterns.

Apple topworking disease is one of the most important problems in apple culture in Japan. This disease which affects all apple cultivars is caused by an extreme sensitivity of the rootstock cultivars commonly used in Japan to latent viruses that are present in many of the scion cultivars. Recent work indicates that apple chlorotic leaf spot virus causes decline of trees grown on Malus prunifolia Borkh.var. ringo Asami rootstocks and that stem pitting virus causes decline of trees grown on M. sieboldii Rehd. andM sieboldii Rehd. var. arborescens Rehd. rootstocks. The need for a virus-free certification program is recognized. However, the general practice of topworking old orchard trees, most of which are on virus-sensitive rootstocks, with new apple cultivars makes implementation of such a program difficult. This report was written because little is known outside of Japan about the disease or about the cultural practices that have contributed to its importance. Nearly all published reports on this disorder were presented in Japanese; many without English summaries.

The operative results in a series of 92 patients with chronic empyema were reviewed. Of these, 46 had empyema with an underlying fistula, and 46 had empyema without fistulization. Twenty-one underwent decortication, 65 were treated by our technique, and six were treated by a modification of the Eloesser technique. These techniques were employed with priority given in the order just cited. Our technique involves decortication of the visceral peel and obliteration of the dead space by collapsing of the parietal wall without rib resection. Cure was obtained with decortication alone in 20 of 21 patients. Sixty of 65 patients treated by our technique were cured without deformation of the thoracic cage. In all patients treated by the modified Eloesser technique, obliteration of the empyema cavity was achieved secondarily by thoracoplasty combined with a pedicled muscle flap. Postoperative pulmonary function studies demonstrated a significant improvement in vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second in patients treated by decortication or by our technique. With the modified Eloesser technique, in contract, pulmonary function tended to decline.

Toxicity of the cell wall skeleton of Nocardia rubra (N-CWS) was evaluated in 60 patients with lung cancer, leukemia, and malignant melanoma who were given the agent intratumorally, intrapleurally, and intradermally in doses of 100-2000 micrograms. Fever was the most common toxic effect and was more frequent after intratumoral and intrapleural doses than after intradermal doses. The other predominant reaction was skin lesions such as erythema, induration, and abscess at the injection sites.

A new operative method named as "Extraperiosteal air plombage" against chronic empyema were performed to 80 patients and its cure rate by the first operation was 93.8% which is a good and high rate. Know-how to perform the operation without failure is (1) to complete the excoriation of the pleural debris, (2) to seal completely the leakage such as bronchiolar fistula, (3) to perform the extraperiosteal abbration rather over much to attach the lung to the muscle layer, (4) to close the chest wall completely, and (5) to wash out thoroughly the extraperiosteal cavity with brush and enough saline solution and to use the effective antibiotica.

Malignant lymphomas developing in tissue affected by a long-standing severe inflammatory process of nonautoimmune nature are presented. Two men and a woman aged 50, 58, and 73 years, were admitted after 22 to 30 year histories of pyothorax resulting from artificial pneumothorax for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis or tuberculous pleuritis. The diagnoses at admission were chronic pyothorax associated with a lung mass. Microscopically, tumors diffusely or locally proliferated with thickened pleura were present. A histologic examination showed that all the tumors were diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) of immunoblastic type with (one case) or without (two cases) plasmacytoid differentiation. Immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections revealed restricted expression of immunoglobulin light chains in one case showing plasmacytoid differentiation. A review of the literature showed that malignant lymphomas of this type have been reported exclusively from Japan but never from Western countries.