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The investigation is intended to develop a green masonry mortar using fine recycled aggregate (FRA) for sustainable building construction. The FRA was obtained from the demolished concrete debris and its influence in shear bond strength of brick masonry was evaluated to predict the suitability. The shear bond strength was determined using the masonry triplet specimens in stage-I without applying pre-compressive stress for finding the optimum replacement level of FRA and with pre-compressive stress value of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 N/mm2 for finding the angle of friction in stage-II. The masonry mortar was prepared by replacing the river sand at the rate of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% using FRA. Three different bricks were used for investigation based on its strength. The triplet specimens were casted with 12 mm and 18 mm mortar thickness and the specimens were cured 28 and 56 days. It was evidenced from the investigation that the substitution of recycled aggregate was influenced the shear bond strength of masonry structures and the optimum replacement level was predicted using the relationship between the dosage of recycled aggregate and the shear bond strength and the factors influencing the shear bond strength of brick masonry was decided in the order of Mortar strength > Brick strength > Mortar thickness with 20% replacement of river sand by recycled aggregate.

A commercially available probe (RS) has been reported for instantaneous selective colorimetric detection of Cu(II) and fluorescent detection of Al(III) ions in H2O:DMSO (90:10% v/v) medium. The probe displays a color change from pale yellow (λab 352 nm) to yellowish-green (λab 411 nm) with Cu(II) and a change in emission from green (λex 340 nm; λem 522 nm) to bluish-green (λem 489 nm) with Al(III) ions. The optical detection of these metal ions by RS is via the formation of tetragonally distorted octahedral RS-Cu(II) and tetrahedral RS-Al(III) complexes as evidenced from the results of UV-Vis, 27Al & 1H NMR, HRMS, EPR and thermal analysis studies. Job’s method indicates that the stoichiometry of both these complexes is 1:1. The probe's corresponding optical changes are particular for Cu(II) and Al(III) ions in the presence of other metal ions. RS displays high selectivity to these ions in a wide pH range. The limits of the detection of Cu(II) and Al(III) are as low as 66 nM and 0.83 µM, respectively. Further, RS could be applied as a fluorescent probe for observing Al(III) ions in living HeLa cells by carrying out cell image studies.

Aggregates are the fundamental ingredient for making concrete. The incremental demand for aggregates in concrete is affecting the environment due to excessive exploitation of natural rocks. In an e...

The study was intended to estimate the effect of steel and banana fibre hybrid composition in the quaternary blended high performance concrete. M40 grade concrete was selected to evaluate the performance of hybrid fibre in quaternary blended system. Factory made binary blended fly-ash based Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) was selected and Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS) was added at 5% and 10% as partial replacement of cement for making the ternary combination. The Nano-silica (NS) was added at 1% of total powder content to all the concrete mixtures as third mineral admixture. Steel fibre and banana fibre were supplemented to improve the performance of the concrete. Steel fibre was added at 2% and the banana fibre dosage was varied from 0.1% to 0.3% of volume of concrete to develop the hybrid fibre composition. The compressive strength and splitting tensile strength were determined and the correlation between the strength properties was predicted. The findings from this investigation, decrease in workability after adding fibres was noticed and suitable modification using superplastizer was made to make the estimated level of slump value. The regression equation between the mechanical properties were found and presented. The combination of 0.2% banana fibre + 2% steel fibre + 5% GGBS + 1% NS had shown the best performance.

Shear strength of soil is an important parameter for foundation and retaining wall design, and stability analysis of soil slopes in construction. Black cotton soil has swelling and shrinking characteristics, which tend to have low shear strength of soil. Several stabilization methods exist for improving strength characteristics of black cotton soil. The investigation was carried out to study the impact of silica fume with polypropylene fiber on the enhancement of strength characteristics of black cotton soil. The silica fume of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% and polypropylene fiber of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% were blended with soil and experiments were conducted. The results indicated that the swelling potential characteristics were reduced considerably with addition of 20% of silica fume and 1.5% of polypropylene. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of soil was improved significantly with the addition of 20% of silica fume and 1.5% of polypropylene fiber.

The experimental investigation was conducted to assess the impact of steel fibre reinforced granite powder blended pavement quality concrete (PQC) with reference to destructive and non-destructive tests of concrete. M35 grade of concrete was used in this study. The quantity of granite powder (GP) mixed in this concrete was fixed as 10% from the results obtained in an earlier studies. In order to improve the performance of PQC, the steel fibre was added in the concrete at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5% by volume of concrete. The performance of hardened concrete was examined in terms of compressive strength, rebound hammer test and flexural strength. The substitution of granite powder improves the strength performance of concrete marginally. The results showed that the addition of steel fibre causes the reduction of slump value but improve the mechanical properties up to 1.1% addition of fibres in concrete. The correlation between rebound hammer number and compressive strength / flexural strength of granite powder blended PQC was developed.

An experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the ductility index of banana fibre reinforced lightweight self-compacting concrete (LWSCC) containing supplementary cementitious materials of rice husk ash and micro silica as ternary system. Coconut shell aggregate (CSA) was substituted at the rate of 50% as partial replacement of coarse aggregate by volume. Banana fibre was added at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25 and 1.5% by volume of concrete to develop the fibre reinforced LWSCC. The study program included to evaluate the effect of CSA and banana fibre on fresh properties, compressive strength and flexural strength of LWSCC. Reinforced concrete beams were casted with M30 grade concrete and tested under flexure using two point loading. The load–deflection curves were developed and examined. The ductility index was calculated to evaluate the ductility enhancement behaviour of banana fibre reinforced LWSCC. The test results indicated that 1.25% banana fibre added LWSCC beam had shown better performance than the other dosage level of fibres and results are compared with the LWSCC without fibre.

This study evaluated the durability properties of self-compacting concrete made with recycled aggregate for pavement application. The developed mixture was subjected to permeability, water absorption, and chloride penetration tests, and obtained results were compared with those of normal pavement concrete. Three recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) replacement percentages at the rate of 20%, 40%, and 60% were considered in addition to the control concrete (0%). A grade M40 grade ternary blended concrete with Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), fly ash, and silica fume was designed. The fresh properties of the concrete - slump flow and V-funnel flow tests were determined. The results showed that a mixture containing up to 40% RCA had higher resistance to water absorption and chloride ingress than a similar mixture for normal-weight concrete.

The research work was conducted to evaluate the potential enhancement of impact strength due to the addition of banana fibre in structural lightweight self-compacting concrete (LWSCC). The coconut shell was substituted instead of coarse aggregate partially to develop the lightweight concrete. The 28 and 90 days cured LWSCC specimens of M30, M40 and M50 grade was used in this study. The mix proportion of LWSCC was designed as ternary blended with rice husk ash (RHA) and micro silica (MS). In order to improve the impact strength of LWSCC, the banana fibres are supplemented in concrete at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5% by volume of concrete. The impact strength of LWSCC was calculated by drop weight method in accordance with ACI committee 544 procedure. The performance of LWSCC on the impact strength was examined along with compressive strength and further developed the correlation among the compressive and impact strength of LWSCC. The results showed that there is no undesirable effect on the self-compatibility because of the addition of banana fibre and had shown the significant improvement in compressive strength. The additions of 1.25% banana fibres improve impact strength of LWSCC.

This study determined the strength properties of high-performance concrete (HPC) produced using ternary blended cement, based on Nano-silica (NS) and bagasse ash (BA) addition to Portland cement. Several mix proportions, based on random mix design, were considered based on the substitution of constituent materials. Fine aggregate was comprised of 60% river sand and 40% recycled aggregate (RA), coarse aggregate used was crushed rock for the development of M50, M60 and M70 grades of concrete. The replacement of cement by BA causes slowdown initial strength development, but increased the setting time of concrete. In order to improve the performance of HPC at early stage, NS was considered as third admixture for developing ternary binder blend in the concrete. The effect of NS and BA on fresh and hardened HPC were investigated and presented. The results indicated that the incorporation of NS reduced setting time and increased the early age strength development significantly. Thus, it was concluded that the addition of NS with mean particle size of 12 nm is suitable as an additional binder for improving the early age performance of HPC.

This experimental study is intended to investigate the applicability of existing relationships as prescribed in IS: 9013-1978 between the accelerated curing compressive strength and actual compressive strength of ternary-blended concrete. Class F type Fly ash (FA) was used to develop binary-blended concrete by replacing 20% of cement in the mixture and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) was also used to prepare another binary-blended concrete by replacing 18% of cement. Further Silica Fume (SF) was used for preparing ternary-blended concrete at 4, 8 and 12% by replacing the weight of cementitious content. Analysis of the test results shows that the relationship between accelerated curing compressive strength and the actual compressive strength is interrelated and the constant in the correlated equations specified in the code were found to be inaccurate in all the blended combinations. Thus, the alternative relations were proposed for the ternary-blended system with the supports of results and figures.

This study investigates the fresh properties of self-compacting concrete incorporating electric arc furnace oxidizing slag as coarse aggregate. A binary blend of 30% fly ash and cement was utilized as binder to improve the performance of concrete in its fresh state. Concrete grades M20, M30 and M40 were developed by replacing natural coarse aggregate with 50% and 100% electric arc furnace oxidizing slag (EAFOS) aggregate. Thus, fresh properties of SCC; slump flow, T500, U box, V funnel and L-box were determined. From the evaluation of fresh properties, it is shown that the grades of concretes developed passed the set standard limits for SCC. The results showed that 50% EAFOS addition to SCC will not deter its fresh properties in any way, however, when EAFOS was added up to 100%, there was reduction in workability properties of the concrete. The study showcases the significant potential of EAFOS as an alternative aggregate in SCC. Thus, the data provided in this study will be useful for concrete constructors.

Episode Rule Mining is utilized in various fields like telecommunication alarm management, stock market, traffic data, customer transactions etc. Episode rule mining is the extraction of important and useful patterns or episodes from large event databases. The main objective of the existing technique Mining Precise-Positioning Episode Rules (MIPER) is to mine episodes from event sequences. For resolving the enormous energy consumption, the proposed methodology ensures selection of parameter setting as well as a simple and effective technique to correct the fixed-gap. This is done by using bat optimization mechanism and this mechanism generates fixed-gap episodes. The proposed study focuses on two major aspects which are correlation between entropy and optimal generation of parameter selection. These are achieved by the proposed approach Mining Entropy Optimized Parameter-based Precise-Positioning Episode Rules (MEOPPER). In this approach, each event’s occurrence time has been clearly specified. To mine Precise-Positioning Episode Rules (PER), a trie-based data structure is used. The proposed algorithm’s efficiency has been analyzed and studied based on three datasets Retail, Kosarak and MSNBC. The experimental results of the proposed work achieves better performance when compared with the existing algorithms like Mining Precise-Positioning-Enumeration (MIP-ENUM), Mining Precise-Positioning-Trie(Depth First Search) (MIP-TRIE(DFS)) and Mining Precise-Positioning-TRIE(Pruning) (MIP-TRIE(PRU) algorithms.

Electronic sources like e-books, e-journals, online databases, multimedia information are becoming more popular day by day. The purpose of this study was to know the utilization of electronic resources by the usersof engineering colleges. A total of 200 respondents were selected in the engineering colleges of Kanchipuram district including the teaching faculties and students and 182 filled responds were received. The data was collected through a well-structured questionnaire.

Laced Reinforced Concrete (LRC) structural elements are generally used in the defence environments where the structure encounters blast/impulsive loading. It comprises of equal number of reinforcements in both the faces of the beam with lacings as shear reinforcements bent at 450 along the plane of principal bending and fastened in position by cross rod. This paper presents the performance of LRC beam by experimental investigation and compared with conventional Reinforced Concrete (RC) beam using four point flexural load testing. Experimental results indicate that the LRC beam perform well than the RC beam considering the deformation. Failure modes could not be ascertained, since the experiments were stopped due to limitations in test set-up. At this stage, the support rotation achieved by LRC beam and RC beam is found to be 4.70 and 2.430 respectively. The LRC beam is found to be more ductile than RC beam. The structural response of LRC beam and RC beam is compared and presented.

Substantial utilization of natural aggregates leads to the depletion of the naturally available resources. Hence an alternative approach is to utilize the recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) from the construction and demolition waste in the production of concrete and also in the prevention of dumping this waste in cultivable landfill. On the other side, codal provisions available for the predication of deflection in reinforced concrete one-way slab using effective moment of inertia (leg) were not comparable with the experimental values. Hence in the present study, it is proposed to study the load and deflection characteristics of simply supported slabs by varying the percentage of RCA content as 0 %, 50 % and 100 % under two point loading. Further, the work is extended to compare the deflection values obtained from experimental studies to the computed deflection values based on the IS 456:2000, ACI 318:2008 and BS: 8110. From the results, it is inferred that the replacement of natural aggregate with RCA does not affect the deflection characteristic of RC slab. Moreover, the computed deflection based on IS: 800, ACI and BS codal provisions does not match with the experimental deflection.

In this experimental investigation, lightweight self-consolidating concrete (LWSCC) was developed with coconut shell as coarse aggregate. The effect of coconut shell aggregate (CSA) on bond strength and impact strength of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) based binary blended and RHA + Silica fume (SF) based ternary blended Self consolidating concrete (SCC) were determined. The bond strength was determined through pull-out test and the impact strength was calculated using falling weight test. The concrete mix was developed with the total powder content of 450 kg/m3. The coarse aggregate content was replaced by CSA in the gradation of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% in the designated SCC. The investigation revealed that the bond and impact strength of CSA based LWSCC were comparable to current code practice and other lightweight concretes. The experimental data obtained was used to develop an ANN model for predicting the strength characteristics of fresh or hardened concrete. The high regression values obtained during training the neural network models reveals high accuracy and were predicting the strength characteristics very similar to the experimental results.

In the present work, an easy to make imine based receptor (3,3′(((5-(tert-butyl)-2-hydroxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(methanylylidene))bis(azanylylidene))bis(2-aminomaleonitrile)) (CNA) has been synthesized in good yield and characterized by spectral methods. CNA showed rapid, selective and sensitive naked-eye dual channel response (colorimetric and fluorogenic) towards cyanide ion. The receptor exhibited instantaneous colour change upon addition of cyanide ion based on deprotonation of phenolic –OH moiety in neat DMSO, 30% aq. DMSO and solid media. Interestingly, CNA showed red-emission (640 nm

Three Schiff base based probes are designed and synthesized by facile condensation of a commercially available fluorophore 2,6-diformyl-4-tert-butylphenol with 4-nitro-2-aminophenol (KP1), 2-aminophenol (KP2) and 4-tert-butyl-2-aminophenol (KP3) and are characterized using various spectral techniques. The probes exhibit high selectivity and sensitivity CN- and Al(III) ions with striking fluorescent signaling responses in H2O-DMSO (1:1, v/v) medium. The mechanism of the probes' detection of CN involves deprotonation of the phenolic OH group(s) followed by nucleophilic addition of CN- onto imine C-atom. The 1H NMR chemical shifts of the OH protons of 2-aminophenol moiety exhibits a linear correlation with the Hammett's substituent constants (σp), yielding a positive reaction constant (ρ). In KP1, the electron-withdrawing nitro substituent polarizes the imine bond to a larger extent than in KP2, resulting in easier addition of CN- to imine C-atom. The electron releasing tert-Bu substituent in KP3 produces the opposite effect leading to a sluggish addition reaction. The separately populated HOMO and LUMO in KP1 and a relatively lower HOMO-LUMO energy gap indicate substantial intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character, leading to weak fluorescence emission. The large reduction in HOMO-LUMO energy gap, in KP1, upon addition of cyanide is responsible for the greater enhancement in fluorescence with blue shift upon addition of CN-. Formation of tetrahedral Probe-Al(III) complex prevents the isomerization of imine bond, leading to enhancement in fluorescence and contribution from chelation enhanced fluorescence. As these probes show very low limits of detection of these ions, their practical utility has also been demonstrated.

The commercially available fluorophore, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic hydrazide (RS2), has rationally been selected for the study, which displays a rapid fluorescent response and high sensitivity for CN− and Al(III) ions in neat DMSO and H2O-DMSO (1:1 v/v) media. The addition of CN− to RS2 triggers an enhancement in fluorescence at 505 nm (green fluorescence), while the addition of Al(III) increases the fluorescence of the probe with a blue-shift of emission maximum by 25 nm (bluish-green fluorescence). The probe's action was investigated by 1H NMR titrations that indicate deprotonation of OH and NH moieties by these ions. 27Al NMR of RS2-Al(III) complex suggests an octahedral geometry for the complex. The sensitivity of the fluorescent-based assays in aq. DMSO medium, 0.8 µM for CN− and 1.9 µM for Al(III) ions are far below the limits in the World Health Organization guidelines for drinking water. RS2 detects Al(III) by the chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) mechanism. Besides, RS2 was successfully applied to detect CN− and Al(III) ions in food materials and pharmaceutical samples, respectively.

The rapid urban development leads the exponential growth of construction and demolition waste in India. The handling and disposal strategies of building debris are not properly developed and create more threats to environment. Brick and concrete materials are the main wastes generated during demolition. As an alternate measures of recycling the brick waste, it is proposed reusing the waste brick powder particles in to the development of masonry mortar. The waste brick powder is used as cement replacement material and four different level of replacement was considered in this investigation as 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The strength of masonry mortar with three ratios (1:4, 1:6 and 1:8)at 7 days, 28 days and 90 days were determined. Further, the impact of innovative masonry mortar on masonry prism strength and bond strength were determined. The results obtained from this investigation had concluded that the cement can be replaced 12% to 15% by brick powder without affecting the compressive strength and shear bond strength performance of brick masonry.

This experimental research work was performed to evaluate settlement and bearing capacity in cohesive soil. The predominant objective of this study is to develop the existing state of the knowledge about the present simulation processes to estimate its settlement and load carrying capacity. From the past literature study, the semi-empirical procedures were studied to estimate the settlement and bearing capacity parameters. The investigation was done into three parts, based on the past literature studies. The index and laboratory experimental investigations were done in the first stage. In the second part, the experimental procedure was elaborated to determine the settlement and load carrying capacity of small-scale model tests on cohesive soil. This research works presents, the effect of small-scale laboratory tests on the load carrying and settlement of model footings. The experiments were carried out with three types of model footing such as square, rectangular, and circular shapes were chosen to study the scale effect. For the circular footing, the diameters of 30, 40, and 50 mm sizes of plates were used and for square and rectangular model footings dimensions were used as 30mm×30 mm, 40mm ×40 mm, and 50mm ×50 mm and 50mm ×33 mm, 40mm ×28 mm, and 30mm ×20 mm respectively. A steel tank of size 330×220×300 mm was fabricated and used for conducting model tests. The width of the plates ranged from 50mm to 100mm for modeling plane strain and axisymmetric problems and care taken to avoid the wall friction when the load is applied. The size effects on settlement and bearing capacity was studied under different moisture conditions such as optimum moisture and plastic limit of the soil.

This research explores the impact of compaction of soil on the strength properties of soil by conducting the shear tests on several soil samples with different moisture content and sandy soil with various particle sizes. In thisexperimental investigation, the shear strength of soil was evaluated by the cohesion and internal frictional angle. Soil structure and moisture content are the fundamental components influencing the cohesive property. Variations in the particle compositions and moisture content of cohesive soil modify the contact state and its structural arrangement, thus considerably influencing the macroscopic properties of clay soil. Various soil particle structures reformed the shear deformation by altering the structural composition and inter-granular arrangement. This investigation shows further understanding of fine and micro mechanism of shear strength characteristics of various components of soil structures.

India is the third largest coconut cultivating country in the world. South India states are the predominant coconut cultivating area in India. Coconut shell (CS) and coconut shell ash (CSA) are unavoidable by-products from agricultural industry. As a part of solid waste management, the investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing cement by CSA and coarse aggregate by CS. The replacement level was considered as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% in both cement and coarse aggregate by CSA and CS respectively. Normal strength concrete was considered in this investigation. The density and mechanical properties of concrete such as 28 days cured compressive strength and flexural strength were determined. Using 3D graphical analysis, the optimum replacement of cement and coarse aggregate was predicated in this investigation.

Concrete is naturally a brittle material and it can withstand high compression load but fails to withstand the tensile load. In order to improve the tensile strength in concrete, concrete composites are modified by adding steel fibers in volume fraction. However, discontinuous micro cracks are developed in plastic state of concrete. The drawback can be overcome by modifying the fibrous composites in the form of hybrid fibres. In this experimental work, a triangle series of fibres are selected to establish the hybrid fibres through steel fibers, nylon fibre and coir fibre. The total fibre dosage was restricted to 2% by volume and the hybrid fibre combination was developed by replacing one-third of fibre by other one for making high strength concrete. The performance of hybrid fibre reinforced high strength concrete (FRHSC) were analysed by studying the fresh and hardened properties.

Geopolymer is the new generation civil engineering material and it is replacing the conventional cement in constructional activities. Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions were used as alkaline activators to develop the geopolymer mortar in this investigation. The effect of the ratio of Na2SiO3 / NaOH (SS/SH) in the activator solution on the fresh and hardened mortar strength were studied and reported in this paper. Thermal curing was followed in most of the previous research findings and it has various limitations for cast-in-situ applications. Further, the ambient temperature curing method was considered in this study to overcome the limitations and the results were compared and presented. The control geopolymer mortar was developed with class F type fly-ash (FA). Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and corn cob ash (CCA) were substituted as FA replacing basic materials. The experimental results had shown that the addition of GGBS and CCA reduced the flow value and setting time of fresh geopolymer mortar and increasing the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar. The experimental outcomes showed that the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar was increased due to increasing the ratio SS/SH. While considering ambient curing environment instead of thermal curing, the strength development pattern was modified and compressive strength was decreased in all the rest period.

This paper presents the results of experimental investigation which was carried out to evaluate the effect of bacteria on the compressive strength, porosity of M-sand concrete. The river sand was replaced by M-sand and M20 and M30grade pumpable concreteswere designed for investigation purpose. The w/c ratio of the concrete was selected as 0.45 and 0.4 respectively. Bacillus subtilis bacteria was included at a concentration of 30x105 cells/mL of water. The compressive strength, water absorption and porosity of concrete were determined after the curing periodof 3, 7, 28 and 90 days. Results were indicated that the substitution of M-sand instead of river sand was reduced the compressive strength up to 20% when compared with river sand based control concrete. The porosity and water absorptionbehaviour of M-sand concrete were observed in higher order than that of control concrete. On the addition of bacteria, 37%-45% reduction in water absorption and porosity level of bacterial M-sand concrete was achieveddue to the self-healing of micro crack in the concrete.

An investigation on the impact of blended combination using Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and Metakaolin (MK) in geopolymer mortar was carried out and presented. The geopolymer is a new generation green binding material and it has replacing total cement usage. Sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide were utilized as alkaline activator solutions for the development of geopolymer mortar and maintain the rati between the solutions as 2. The sodium hydroxide solution molarity was maintain as 8M. The GGBS was replaced with MK from 0% to 100% with the increment level of 20%. The strength and acid resistance behaviour of blended geopolymer mortar were investigated under ambient curing condition. The results obtained from this investigation indicated that the 60% replacement of GGBS by MK produced higher compressive strength and lesser absorption behaviour in addition to the higher resistance to the acid attack.

The black cotton soilis the kind of soils whose size of size modifications together with the variation in moisture content material. They will have a conduct of expanding and contracting that is a severevulnerability to constructed building above them. The swelling behaviour of clay soil is existing in north Karnataka region. Thestudy demonstrates the results of an effortto strengthen and stabilize the clay soil with waste synthetic strips. The synthetic pieces being kept readyand integrated at three diverse blending proportions (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) by mass of soil with various aspect ratios (8*8mm, 8*16mm, and8*24mm). The exploratory results demonstrated that there was obviously a development in the shear quality factors. The expanding and drying upwards conduct behaviour are additionally sensitively reduced. There was a reduction that is substantial the OMC and insignificant improvement in MDD. The maximum size of plastic (aspect ratio) and synthetic content that results in maximum outcome may be chosen based on the value for the selection parameter for a definite engineering work. Stabilizing black cotton soils with unwanted plastic containers at the same time solves the tasks of unsuitable plastic waste reutilizing that is presently a teething issue in many countries that are developing. The outcomes obtained from this investigation positively suggest that addition of this product in clay soils would succeed for ground enhancement in geotechnical engineering.

Concrete is the second most consumed product next to water on earth. Cement is the key ingredient for making concrete. India is the second largest cement producer in the world. The production of cement is emitting an equal amount of CO2 in to the atmosphere and is accounted as about 8% of the world’s total emissions. The addition of mineral additives as supplementary cementitious materials in concrete is one of the solution to avoid such environmental pollution. The natural mineral admixture obtained from the novel agricultural by-product, namely corn cob ash (CCA), is being utilized in cement manufacturing and concrete construction. The similarities in both physical and chemical properties of CCA were established when compared to the decade old agro-based mineral admixtures like rice husk ash (RHA) and sugar cane bagasse ash (BA) through research findings. The results are mentioned that the CCA can be used as chemically active mineral admixture and micro-filler in concrete. With this background, the paper presents a review on the effect of substituting CCA in fresh, mechanical and durability properties of concrete.

The experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the impact of coir fibre of quaternary blended concrete on strength and durability performance. M35 grade of concrete was considered in this study. Fly ash, Granite powder and Nano silica were considered for developing the quaternary blended concrete. Fly ash and Granite powder were added as partial replacement of cement by 25% and 10% respectively and Nano-silica was considered as third mineral admixture varies from 0 to 2% of cementitious content. In order to improve the ductility of concrete, the coir fibres are supplemented in concrete at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25% by volume of concrete. The performance of hardened concrete was examined in terms of compressive strength, rebound hammer test, flexural strength and durability was examined by sorptivity test. The results showed that the addition of coir fibres causes the reduction of slump value but improve the mechanical properties up to 1% addition of coir fibres in concrete. The sorptivity of Nano-silica blended quaternary blended concrete is increased up to 15% with the presence of 1% coir fibre

The High Strength Concrete (HSC) is relatively higher brittle nature than normal concrete. Addition of fibre in concrete enhances the ductility properties. In the present research, agricultural products such as coir fibre (CF) and banana fibre (BF) were used to investigate the performance of HSC. The Fibre Reinforced High Strength Concrete (FRHSC) was developed with ternary blended combination using Metakaolin and Micro Silica. The concrete grades of M60 and M70 were designed for the study purpose. The fibre were added with 1.5% of volume of concrete and established three hybrid fibre combination such as 25% CF + 75% BF, 50% CF + 50% BF and 75% CF + 25% BF of total fibre content. The workability of FRHSC was maintained in the range of 100-120 mm with the assistance of superplastizer. The performance of FRHSC was determined using mechanical properties including the strength ratio and compared with the control HSC. The material performance of hybrid FRHSC was significantly improved and the ductility nature was increased up to 25% than the control HSC

In effect, the early age characteristics of concrete practically determines the performance of concrete during service. While several factors influence the fresh nature of concrete, water-binder (w/b) ratio and admixtures are particularly the most important. In this study, the effect of Nano-silica (NS) and fly ash on early strength characteristics of an M50 grade of high performance concrete was investigated. The contents of fly ash and Nano silica were used in varying proportions, from 28% to 32% and 1.0% to 2%, respectively, by weight of cement in the mix. Natural river sand was partially replaced by manufactured sand (M-sand) at 0%, 50% and 100% levels. Concrete mixture was achieved at 0.39 water/binder ratio. The workability and setting time of fresh concrete, by slump and penetration resistance tests, respectively, were determined as per ASTM C-403. The strength development at the early age was investigated and compared with that of the control concrete, based on tests on cube and cylinder specimens. Based on the obtained results, the early age strength of HPC containing NS was improved than the results obtained using the IS: 456-2000 code recommended models.

This paper focuses on the power electronics used in the renewable energy systems especially in the photovoltaic applications. In recent years, interest in natural energy has grown in response to increased concern for the environment. Due to the limitations in the energy available from conventional sources, worldwide attention is being focused on renewable sources of energy. Especially, the energy obtained from solar arrays, becomes more and more important. In grid connected applications, a modular micro-inverter integrated with each photovoltaic (PV) panel can reduce the overall system cost and increase the system reliability and MPPT efficiency. In order to make the PV generation system more flexible and expandable, the backstage power circuit is composed of a high step-up converter and a pulse width-modulation (PWM) inverter. The traditional voltage-fed-full-bridge DC-DC converter suffers high cost, low transformer efficiency and discontinuous input current problems. A current-fed-half-bridge converter topology is utilized herewith continuous input current current, low cost and high efficiency features. A 210 W single-phase PV microinverter system with galvanic isolation is presented. By integrating microinverter to each PV panel, localized MPPT of each individual PV panel can be achieved, thus loading to fast tracking speed and higher system efficiency. Keywords - PV array, boost-half-bridge, grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system, maximum power point tracking, repetitive current control.

Feature selection is an effective method used in text categorization for sorting a set of documents into certain number of predefined categories. It is an important method for improving the efficiency and accuracy of text categorization algorithms by removing irredundant terms from the corpus. Genome contains the total amount of genetic information in the chromosomes of an organism, including its genes and DNA sequences. In this paper a Clustering technique called Hierarchical Techniques is used to categories the Features from the Genome documents. A framework is proposed for Genomic Feature set Selection. A Filter based Feature Selection Method like � 2 statistics, CHIR statistics are used to select the Feature set. The Selected Feature set is verified by using F-measure and it is biologically validated for Biological relevance using the BLAST tool.

In this paper, we propose a new throughput analysis for IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) considering the real channel conditions and capture effects under arbitrary load conditions employing basic access method. The aggregate throughput of a practical Wireless Local Area (WLAN) strongly depends on the channel conditions. In real radio environment, the received signal power at the access point from a station is subjected to deterministic path loss, shadowing and fast multipath fading. We extend the multidimensional Markov chain model initially proposed by Bianchi[1] to characterize the behavior of DCF in order to account both real channel conditions and capture effects, especially in a high interference radio environment.