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There are numerous ways to control objects in the Stokes regime, with microscale examples ranging from the use of optical tweezers to the application of external magnetic fields. In contrast, there are relatively few explorations of theoretical controllability, which investigate whether or not refined and precise control is indeed possible in a given system. In this work, seeking to highlight the utility and broad applicability of such rigorous analysis, we recount and illustrate key concepts of geometric control theory in the context of multiple particles in Stokesian fluids interacting with each other, such that they may be readily and widely applied in this largely unexplored fluid-dynamical setting. Motivated both by experimental and abstract questions of control, we exemplify these techniques by explicit and detailed application to multiple problems concerning the control of particles, such as the motion of tracers in flow and the guidance of one sphere by another. Further, we showcase how this analysis of controllability can directly lead to the construction of schemes for control, in addition to facilitating explorations of mechanical efficiency and contributing to our overall understanding of non-local hydrodynamic interactions in the Stokes limit., Comment: 30 pages, 9 figures

A simple model for the motion of shape-changing swimmers in Poiseuille flow was recently proposed and numerically explored by Omori et al. (2022). These explorations hinted that a small number of interacting mechanics can drive long-time behaviours in this model, cast in the context of the well-studied alga Chlamydomonas and its rheotactic behaviours in such flows. Here, we explore this model analytically via a multiple-scale asymptotic analysis, seeking to formally identify the causal factors that shape the behaviour of these swimmers in Poiseuille flow. By capturing the evolution of a Hamiltonian-like quantity, we reveal the origins of the long-term drift in a single swimmer-dependent constant, whose sign determines the eventual behaviour of the swimmer. This constant captures the nonlinear interaction between the oscillatory speed and effective hydrodynamic shape of deforming swimmers, driving drift either towards or away from rheotaxis., 10 pages, 4 figures

In medium-voltage distribution lines, lightning outages associated with indirect strokes are less frequent if these lines are equipped with a grounded shield wire and surge arresters are installed at close intervals. Thus, for this case, the lightning performance is mainly associated with the line response due to direct events. Recent analysis concerning medium voltage line equipped with a shield wire shows that the electromagnetic pulse radiated from the channel may enhance the overvoltage across insulators during direct strikes. This paper extends the analysis to lines over lossy soils, assuming different values of ground conductivity. The results indicate that the effect of the electromagnetic pulse needs indeed to be considered for an accurate lightning performance assessment of distribution lines with shield wire. On the one hand, the voltages across insulators increase as the soil conductivity decreases; on the other hand, it is shown that for direct strikes the difference between the voltage amplitudes calculated considering or not the LEMP contribution increases with the ground conductivity. Thus, appropriate modelling and relevant calculation tools availability is fundamental for the problem of interest.

It is important to administer appropriate agents to inpatients and outpatients with various conditions. In addition to the preparation and guidance for taking drugs, we should always consider the patient's basic information including age, history of allergy, name of disease, and history of examination. In particular, information on contraindications may have serious effects on patients, and must be checked most strictly. However, it is impossible to do routine work after obtaining all information such as the patient's basic information that are serially changing, drug history frequently revised, and a large volume of information on medication. In this study, we developed a prescription surveillance system. This system facilitates real-time checking of the names of diseases that correspond to contraindications as a rule, drug interactions, and administration to elderly patients and pregnant women on attached documents for medicines, utilizing prescription orders, injection orders, and disease name orders. This system facilitates efficient and accurate checking even in the following cases: when a prescription involves another department; when several prescriptions on different prescription dates occur; when a combination of an oral agent and an injection is contraindicated; or when an agent that can not be administered due to the patient's disease is prescribed. Therefore, all pharmacists can detect prescriptions involving agents that are contraindicated regardless of job skill. Pharmacists may contribute to higher quality medical practice.

NM441, 6-fluoro-1-methyl-7-[4-(5-methyl2-oxo-1,3,-dioxolen-4-yl) methyl-1-piperazinyl]4-oxo-4H- [1,3 ]thiazeto[3,2-a]quinoline3 -carboxylic acid, is a prodrug of NM394, a new quinolone with the chemical structure 6-fluoro-l-methyl-4-oxo-7 -( I-piperazinyl)-4H - [1,3 ]thiazeto[3,2-a]quinoline-3-carboxylic acid. NM394 has a broad antibacterial spec­ trum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and anaerobes. This study was conducted to determine the gall­ bladder tissue concentrations, biliary excretion and pharmacokinetics of NM394 after administration of NM44l.

Ti x F 100-x alloy system has been considered to be ferromagnetic. However, it has been confirmed by measurements of the AC magnetic susceptibility and the magnetic cooling effect that the amorphous Ti 50 Fe 50 alloy exhibits the paramagnetic-spin glass transition. The magnetic phase diagram of this system is similar to that of amorphous Zr-Fe alloy system. It is suggested that the triple point consisted of the paramagnetic state, the ferromagnetic state and the spin-glass state is expected to exist in the range from 40 to 45 at.%Ti. The magnetization curves show a relatively easy saturation. The Curie temperature and the magnetic moment per Fe atom decrease with increasing Ti concentration, being similar to the results reported previously.

SUMMARY Conventional fractured reservoir simulation models often neglect some fundamental aspects of multiphase flow in fractured porous media. Reinfiltration of the drained liquid from the upper blocks to the lower blocks is a key process which is often neglected. In this study, we present a theory of reinfiltration in fractured porous media in a one-dimensional (1-D) space. Based on this theory, it is established that the rate of drainage in a matrix block is always less than or equal to the reinfiltration rate. This implies that the drained liquid (for a gas-liquid system) from an upper block, rein-filtrates to the lower block and does not flow through the fracture network.

Benzyl-α-d1-alcohol was prepared in high isotopic purity by the reduction of benzaldehyde with Raney Cu-Al alloy in 10% Na2CO3-D2O solution using ultrasonic irradiation.

The high-field magnetization of UTGe (T:Ni, Pd, Pt) single crystals were measured at 4.2 K by an extraction method using the Tohoku hybrid magnet. A large anisotropy and the metamagnetic transitions appear in the magnetization process for all of the three samples. The high field susceptibility is considerably large in UNiGe and UPdGe.

Seven patients with chronic benign granulocytopenia and nine patients with congenital agranulocytosis, received consecutive seven-day courses of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor at a starting dose of 50 micrograms/m2/day, subcutaneously. If there was no response the doses were increased to 300 micrograms/m2. All patients with chronic benign granulocytopenia responded rapidly at the minimum dose within 1-3 days after administration. By contrast, only three of the nine patients with congenital agranulocytosis responded within 1-7 days at this dose. Four patients with congenital agranulocytosis showed a response between days 7-19 at a dose of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor 100-200 micrograms/m2 but in the remaining two cases no response was obtained. The administration of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor was shown to be safe and effective also in reducing infectious episodes in these patients. Previously it was reported that granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor 10-30 micrograms/kg/day was effective for patients with congenital agranulocytosis. These results indicate that patients with congenital agranulocytosis may require much higher doses of recombinant human granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor than patients with chronic benign granulocytopenia and that the response to ordinary doses of recombinant human granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor may be useful in differentiating between chronic benign granulocytopenia and congenital agranulocytosis.

A synthetic RNA oligonucleotide (15-mer) corresponding to the 3' end of the lysine tRNA primer was hybridized to single-stranded DNA containing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) primer-binding site and extended with a DNA polymerase. The resulting structures were used to study primer removal by the RNase H activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. The initial cleavage event removes the RNA primer as a 14-mer and leaves a single ribonucleotide A residue bound to the 5' end of the DNA strand. This result explains the observation by several groups that HIV-1 circle junctions contain 4 bp that are not present in the integrated provirus instead of the predicted 3 bp. Subsequent cleavage events occur at other sites internal to the RNA molecule, and the ribonucleotide A residue on the end of the DNA strand is ultimately removed. Therefore, the biologically relevant cleavage that produces the 14-mer reflects the kinetics of the reaction as well as a specificity for nucleic acid sequence. When the RNA oligonucleotide alone was hybridized to the primer-binding site and tested as a substrate for HIV-1 RNase H, the cleavage pattern near the 3' end of the RNA was altered.

患者は46歳の男性.1990年10月,下血に気づき当院を受診した.肛門指診,肛門鏡にて肛門より約7cmに,径約8cm大の石様球形物質を認め,経肛門的に鉗子にて破砕・摘出した.結石は軟線X線,CT,走査電顕にて層状構造を示し,内部には糸が含まれていた.結石の赤外吸収スペクトル法ではリン酸カルシウム,炭酸カルシウム,脂肪酸カルシウムに一致するピークを認め,X線微量分析でも,カルシウム,リンが主成分であった.結石を内層,外層に分け,その胆汁酸分画を高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて測定した.内.外層とも遊離型のリトコール酸とデキオキシコール酸が大部分を占め,そのパターンは糞便中の胆汁酸とほぼ同じであった.以上よりわれわれはこれを異物を核にし,糞便中の胆汁酸,カルシウム塩が沈着し発生した仮性腸石と考えた.

The integration of retroviral DNA plays an essential role in the viral life cycle. Previous studies of the Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) have shown that viral integration is mediated by the integrase (IN) protein acting on the 13-bp inverted repeats that flank the linear viral DNA produced during reverse transcription. Prior studies have also shown that when the M-MuLV IN protein is produced in Escherichia coli it retains an ability to specifically associate with the viral inverted repeats (Krogstad and Champoux, 1990). In this study we present evidence that the IN protein present in detergent-disrupted virions is capable of specifically interacting with double-stranded oligonucleotides that correspond to the viral inverted repeats, and that this interaction may change after integration-related processing of the viral att sites. We further present evidence that, in vitro, detergent-disrupted virions are capable of specifically cleaving ds-IR oligonucleotides in an IN-dependent reaction that mimics the trimming step that precedes integration.

A complementation system for studying bacteriophage T4 tail assembly has been developed and used to test the effects of nonviable mutations on the function of a specific T4 tail protein, gp48. The complementation system assays the assembly function of gp48 without requiring that viable phage be produced, circumventing the operational problems of maintaining nonviable mutants of this lytic bacteriophage. The protein to be tested was preexpressed from cloned genes in a host cell prior to infection with the challenge phage. Assembly activity was assayed by monitoring the conversion of one tail assembly intermediate, the baseplate lacking gp48, into baseplates containing gp48 or into tube baseplates (or sheathed tails) assembled from such baseplates. Specific incorporation of gp48 into these structures was confirmed using gp48-specific antiserum, and the same serum was used in direct immunoelectron microscopy experiments to localize gp48 to the baseplate-proximal end of the T4 tail tube, at the site where the tube and sheath bind to the baseplate. The protein gp48 has been previously shown to be a baseplate protein, as well as a tail-tube-associated protein, and was tested for a possible role as a tail-length tape-measure protein. Tests with a deleted variant of gp48 were inconclusive because the protein was inactive. A variant of gp48, 20% longer than wild-type protein due to an internal duplication, was found to be partly functional in our assembly complementation system. This abnormally elongated protein allows several assembly steps to proceed, including the assembly of normal length T4 tails, implying that it does not specify tail length. The insertion-duplication variant of gp48 appears to have a defect in its interaction with the tail sheath protein, leading to abnormal sheath contraction.

The preferred direction of the helical axis in Fe0.8Co0.2Si has been studied by small-angle neutron diffraction. In the virgin state, the helical axis points along all directions of the crystal. The analysis of the shape of the Bragg scattering indicates that the propagation vector tends to lie along the 〈0 0 1〉 axis in Fe0.8Co0.2Si.

A new technique of interlayer dielectric (ILD) planarization with chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has been developed. The feature of this technique is to remove the step height more efficiently by making use of the polishing rate difference between two films deposited before CMP process. As compared to conventional process, the thickness of insulating layer before polishing can be reduced and the planarized surface can be obtained in shorter polishing time. This technique is one solution for CMP throughput and cost problem.

Recently chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) became a routine process in semiconductor manufacturing process. However one problem is that the slurry consumption in CMP process is very large. Some experiments are aimed at reducing slurry consumption. Our research showed that the slurry was needed only at the start of polishing in ILD CMP and that we could planarize without slurry after the midpoint of polishing. This paper describes a method of reducing slurry for interlayer dielectric CMP and we predict that the application of this method to our ILD CMP process could reduce waste slurry by about 50%.

DNA topoisomerases (Topo) are enzymes that relieve the secondary twist on the DNA strand in the process of DNA synthesis and transcription; therefore they are unique targeting molecules for the chemotherapy of colorectal cancer. TAS-103 (6-[[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-7H-in-deno [2,1-c]quinolin-7-one dihydrochloride, MW; 406.31), a novel quinoline derivative, has recently been established as a Topo I and Topo II inhibitor. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor activity of TAS-103 by the MTT assay in human highly-purified and freshly-isolated colorectal cancer cells. To our knowledge, this is the first data concerning the antitumor activity of TAS-103 in highly-purified and isolated human colorectal cancer cells. TAS-103 showed the strongest antitumor activity among the conventional anticancer agents for colorectal cancer (p0.05). The combination with CDDP augmented the antitumor activity of TAS-103 (p0.05), indicating that CDDP is one of the most potent candidates to be used in combination with TAS-103. To predict the clinical effect of TAS-103, the expressions of Topo I and Topo II were measured by quantitative PCR. However, a correlation between the expression of Topo and the antitumor activity of TAS-103 was not established. In conclusion, according to this data, TAS-103 may be useful in the chemotherapy of colorectal cancer.

Magnetizations were measured for both UNi 1− x Pd x Ge ( x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75) and UPd 1− y Pt y Ge( y = 0.0, 0.25, 0.5,0.75, 1.0) systems. UNi 1−x Pd x Ge shows a sinusoidal magnetic transition with T N ≃ 55 K followed by fe rromagnetic trans-formation below 40 K. Pd rich UPd 1−y Pt y Ge undergoes a ferromagnetic state with T c lower than 60 K, while the Pt rich UPd 1−y Pt y Ge compounds reveal cycloidal magnetic transition around 50 K. The mechanism by which various magnetic phases appear in UTGE (T = Ni, Pd, Pt) is considered to be due to competition of the exchange interactions in the bc -plane accompanied by a change in transition metals.

The differential expression of hundreds of tightly, transcriptionally controlled genes in isolated human colorectal cancer and respective normal mucosa from two patients was analyzed by the cDNA macroarray technique. mRNA prepared from the colorectal cancer tumors was compared with 588 genes spotted onto the filter. Case A showed down-regulation of the expression of cell-cycle-related genes including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2, and CDK-activating kinase, as compared with normal mucosa from the same patient. The tumors showed up-regulation of expression of angiogenesis-related genes such as type II cytoskeletal 8 keratin, metalloproteinase subtypes, VEGF, and bFGF, to over 5-fold the levels in normal mucosa. Thus, colorectal carcinoma tissues are characterized by the upregulation of molecules related with angiogenesis. These results suggest that angiogenesis-related molecules are suitable candidates for target-based therapies for colorectal cancer patients. In case B, the largest difference in expression between the tumor and mucosal tissues was observed in the MMP-1 gene. In contrast to the first case, there was no increase in expression of angiogenesis-related molecules or decrease in expression of cell-cycle-regulatory molecules. The expression profile was quite different between these two patients. This approach may eventually provide a mean of selecting target-based drugs in individual colon cancer patients.

The objectives were as follows: Firstly, to estimate the overall probability of event-free survival (EFS) and isolated CNS relapse in the studies for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during the 1980s and 1990s. Secondly, to report the EFS according to presenting features and lineage. Thirdly, to evaluate the treatment results re-classified by the risks of NCI criteria. Four consecutive protocol studies were performed in the Tokyo Children's Cancer Study Group: L81-10 protocol (1981-1984, 189 patients), L84-11 (1984-1989, 484 patents), L89-12 (1989-1992, 418 patients) and L92-13 (1992-1995, 347 patients). Overall EFS at 5 years in each protocol was 56.5 +/- 3.8(1 s.e.)%, 71.0 +/- 2.1%, 67.8 +/- 2.3%, and 63.4 +/- 2.7%, respectively. The cumulative isolated CNS relapse rate at 5 years was 8.1 +/- 2.1%, 3.5 +/- 0.9%, 3.6 +/- 1.0%, 1.0 +/- 0.6. The EFS in SR/HR (standard risk/high risk) according to the NCI criteria in B-precursor ALL at 5 years was 61.9 +/- 4.3%/41.4 +/- 7.4% (lineage was not confirmed.), 72.5 +/- 2.6%/63.4 +/- 5.0%, 77.4 +/- 2.7%/56.3 +/- 4.7%, and 67.8 +/- 3.4%/56.7 +/- 5.4% in each protocol. Also EFSs according to NCI SR/HR at 5 years of T-ALL in protocols L84-11, L89-12 and L92-13 were 55.6 +/- 16.6%/60.9 +/- 10.1%, 72.7 +/- 13.4%/51.6 +/- 9.1%, and 77.1 +/- 14.4%/53.6/10.1%, respectively. The truncation of maintenance therapy to 6 months resulted in a decreased EFS in L92-13, particularly due to an increase of bone marrow relapse after cessation of therapy in SR and HR. The NCI risk criteria work properly even in the patients treated by different intensities, so that it makes the comparison possible among the patients in various groups. The overall EFSs in childhood ALL improved in 1980s, but it seemed stable or decreased in 1990s. The short maintenance therapy resulted in poor outcome in SR on the L92-13 protocol. Many of these late relapsers were effectively rescued and overall survival remained at a high level. The proportion of patients who received cranial irradiation reduced without any increase of the CNS events.

The temperature and magnetic field dependence of the magnetic properties of helimagnet Fe 0.8 Co 0.2 Si is studied by magnetic measurement and small angle neutron diffraction. It is shown that Fe 0.8 Co o.2 Si exhibits a magnetic phase transition from conical to a new modulated spin state, phase A, just below T N in the field range of 0.3 kOe H

In the diagnosis of leukemia, CD2 which is a T-cell associated marker and CD19 which is a B-cell associated marker are widely used to determine the lineage of leukemic cells. It is known that the cells of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) express both CD2 and CD19 in some cases. The origins of these cells are generally thought to be a common precursor for T- and B-lymphocytes. However, cytoplasmic staining of CD3 which is a more specific marker for T-lineage and cytoplasmic staining of mb-1 (CD79a) which is more specific for B-lineage were not performed in previous reports and the determination of the cell lineages of these cells was unclear. We had two cases of ALL whose blasts were CD2/CD19 double positive. The first case was assessed as B-lineage because the cells expressed cytoplasmic CD79a and lacked cytoplasmic CD3. The immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain gene was rearranged. The other cell surface markers including CD22 and HLA-DR also suggested that these cells were B-lineage. The CD2 expression may be a coincidence and should not be taken as a T-cell marker in this case. It was difficult to determine the lineage in the second case because both cytoplasmic CD79a and cytoplasmic CD3 were expressed and neither TCR beta chain nor Ig heavy chain genes were rearranged. The other surface markers were not useful to determine the lineage. We concluded that this case was really an unclassified ALL. Accordingly, cytoplasmic staining of CD3 and CD79a should be carried out in the diagnosis of leukemia when it is difficult to determine the cell lineage.

In this paper we report on trade study results relating to design features needed to accommodate seismic isolation in the ITER design and on selected features of a proposed seismic isolation system. ITER will implement the layout changes identified in this study, but seismic isolation will only be applied if detailed dynamic analysis based on the EPA design and selected site conditions indicate that it is essential to protect the viability of the project.

The incidence of bacteria caused postoperative infections was performed at the timing when bacteria or fungi is not yet detected. This period is important for management of postoperative infections. MRSA, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa and fungi were detected with high frequency irrespective of the surgical area. After the operation of esophageal cancer, the most frequent infection was postoperative pneumonia, and the isolated bacteria was P. aeruginosa frequently. In the cases of gastric cancer, hepato-biliary-pancreas cancer and colorectal cancer, intraabdominal sepsis was the highest incidence, and the isolated bacteria was E. faecalis. In terms of intravenous catheter infection, fungus was common. Thus, it may suggest that we can identify the bacteria caused, and the management for postoperative infections was performed appropriately by using the antibiotics which have the sensitive against the expected pathogen.

To assess the current status of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for the treatment of gall-stones in Japan, we conducted a nationwide survey by sending a questionnaire to 251 institutions using this therapy. Replies were obtained from 50 institutions. The use of ESWL was investigated over the period from its introduction up to October 1992. ESWL was performed on 2,760 of 10,058 patients with gallstones (27.4%). The stones were completely pulverized in 1,021 of these 2,760 patients (37.0%). Complete disappearance was limited to single gallstones less than 20 mm in maximum diameter. A comparison in the number of ESWL sessions revealed no significant difference between the patients with and without a good response. Choledocholithiasis was resolved completely in 44.0% of 157 patients who underwent ESWL for this condition and intrahepatic stones were cured in 18.7% of 32 patients. Therefore, ESWL may be a useful form of conservative therapy for biliary calculi.

A case of malignant lymphoma presented with various neuropsychological symptoms which made it difficult to achieve the diagnosis and therapy. A 9-year-old boy was referred to our hospital with complaints of psychological symptoms, impairment of consciousness and generalized convulsive seizures. A lumbar puncture revealed infiltration of numerous blasts which were positive for immature B cell markers. CT scan showed a mass in the right ethmoidal sinus, but no space occupying lesion in the brain. The tumor cells in the right ethmoidal sinus had the same phenotypes as those in the CSF. Thus a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, developing in the right ethmoidal sinus and infiltrating into the central nervous system, was established. The blast cells in the liquor and the tumor of the right ethmoidal sinus disappeared after induction of systemic chemotherapy, irradiation and intrathecal chemotherapy. However, intracranial bleeding occurred during the chemotherapy. He died of respiratory failure 10 months after the start of treatment.

E2A gene rearrangements and E2A-PBX1 chimeric mRNA produced by t(1;19) were examined in 50 cases with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Nine of 10 ALL cases with t(1;19) showed the rearrangement by Southern blotting using the E2A gene probe when digested with Xba I, Bgl II, and Eco RI, and the remaining one having hyperdiploidy which was considered to be a sign of good prognosis, lacked E2A rearrangement. Six of 7 ALL cases with t(1;19) that were tested showed the predicted 164 bps band of E2A-PBX1 chimeric mRNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while a case having t(1;19) without E2A rearrangement and 10 cases lacking t(1;19) did not. Three ALL cases tested did not have E2A-PBX1 mRNA at the time complete remission 4 months after diagnosis. Forty ALL cases lacking t(1;19), including 4 cases with t(11;19), did not reveal rearrangement of E2A. We conclude that t(1;19)-ALL can be molecularly diagnosed, and minimal residual disease could be detected by the RT-PCR method.

Several enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and D-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are capable of scavenging reactive oxygen species in in vivo. We assessed both basal levels and the capacity of these enzyme activities to be induced in human leukocytes in response to a variety of agents. Basal activity of copper-zinc SOD, and manganese SOD showed little variation with age. In contrast, the basal activity of the three H2O2 scavenging enzymes, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and D-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, was significantly higher in younger adults than in elderly individuals. Both manganese SOD and copper, zinc SOD activities were significantly induced by paraquat, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, adriamycin, and bleomycin in lymphocytes and neutrophils from asymptomatic non-aged adults, whereas neither activity was induced in aged individuals. In contrast, glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly induced in both groups of subjects, whereas catalase and D-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were only slightly induced in either. Enzyme induction with paraquat, adriamycin, or bleomycin was inhibitable by neutralizing antibody to interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor, suggesting that the inductions observed with these three drugs are due to the distal mediators, interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor released from the cells. Finally, as observed in the regulation of genes in eukaryotes (Storz et al: Bacterial defenses against oxidative stress. Trends Genetics 1990, 6:363-368, ref. 1) O2- and H2O2 seem to differ in the rate of change with age in both basal levels and inducibility under oxygen stress.

We described two cases having erythroid hypoplasia and pancytopenia, respectively, caused by human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) infection on chemotherapy. The first patient was a seven-year-old boy with Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. He has obtained complete remission with LSA2L2 protocol, but, immediately after this remission, he suddenly developed high fever, erythema on cheeks and severe anemia without reticulocytes. We concluded that the cause of anemia and other symptoms were due to PVB19 infection because PVB19 DNA in his serum was detected by dot blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction, although specific antibodies to PVB19 remained absent. He received gamma-globulin intravenously (200mg/kg/day for 5 days). The fever and erythema were improved promptly, but viremia and anemia lasted a few weeks and the specific antibodies to PVB19 were negative for about two months thereafter. The second patient was a nine-year-old boy with common ALL in remission. Pancytopenia suddenly occurred under maintenance therapy. Because IgM to PVB19 was detected in his serum, the patient was diagnosed to have temporary pancytopenia due to PVB19 infection. In conclusion, it is important to confirm specific antibodies and PVB19 DNA in serum when anemia or pancytopenia of unknown cause occurs in immunocompromised patients receiving chemotherapy.

A 45-year-old woman complained of fever, arthralgia and left hemiparesis. She had suffered from recurrent oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis and erythema nodosum. Laboratory examination demonstrated pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid. MRI showed foci of high signal intensity on the T2-weighted images in the right pontine base, surrounded by a rim of low signal intensity suggestive of small hemorrhages. Following steroid therapy, these symptoms diminished and abnormal findings in brain MRI improved. This MRI findings may be due to hemosiderin deposition at recent stage resulting hemorrhages in foci of acute inflammation stage. We would like to emphasize that MRI are useful to evaluate the lesion of neuro-Behçet's disease and some lesions may behave like hemorrhages.

A 13-year-old boy with unresectable pulmonary metastatic osteosarcoma, which was refractory to high dose methotrexate, adriamycin, cisplatin and combination of bleomycin, cyclophosphamide and actinomycin D, was treated by aggressive chemotherapy including the combination of ifosfamide (1 g/m2 x day 1-4), Carboplatin (100 mg/m2 x day 1-4) and Vindesine (4 mg/m2 x day 1). After 5 courses of the treatment, pulmonary metastasis regressed, respiratory symptoms resolved completely, and in this regimen no severe toxicity was observed. Thoracotomy for pulmonary metastatic osteosarcoma is an accepted treatment, but treatment for patients with unresectable disease has not been established. It is suggested that this regimen is relatively safe and very effective for refractory and unresectable osteosarcoma.

Some factors relating to the increasing prevalence of postoperative infections after gastroenterological surgery were investigated from the standpoint of both patients profile and isolated bacteria. Data were collected from 542 cancer patients comprising 39 with esophagus cancer, 229 with gastric cancer, 149 with hepato-biliary tract and pancreatic cancer and 125 with colon cancer. Respiratory infections after operations were most frequently caused by aging, disturbance of glucose tolerance and respiratory dysfunction, whereas with intraabdominal abscess the major factors were disturbance of glucose tolerance, hepatic dysfunction and respiratory dysfunction in this order. Two factors in the management of patients during operation were singled out as mainly contributing to infection: these were prolonged operative time as in the case of esophagus cancer or hepato-biliary tract and pancreatic cancer, and massive intraoperative bleeding as in hepato-biliary tract, pancreatic and gastric cancer. As isolated bacteria, the most frequent clinical isolates were MRSA, Enterococcus, P. aeruginosa and Enterobacter, and it is noteworthy that all of these were strongly resistant to all antimicrobial agents. The greater emphasis on prevention control of postoperative infections, therefore, should be focussed on aging, preoperative risk factors, surgical stress and the kinds of antimicrobial agents administered.

The electrical resistivity of three single crystals of UTGe (T: Ni, Pd, Pt) have been measured in a magnetic field up to 60 kOe. In all samples, Kondo-like behavior was observed between 100 and 300 K in zero field. A large reduction of the resistivity accompanied by a metamagnetic transition in UPdGe was observed for H‖b- or c-axis. It is suggested that a magnetic superzone is formed in the antiferromagnetic state with long-period structure in UPdGe and UPtGe.

The magnetic structures of UTGe (T: Ni, Pd, Pt) have been determined by neutron diffraction measurements on single crystalline samples. UNiGe has a simple collinear antiferromagnetic structure below 42 K. UPdGe has a longitudinal sinusoidal structure along the c-axis between 28 and 50 K, while it transforms to a ferromagnet at 28 K. UPtGe has a cycloidal structure with the Q-vector parallel to the b-axis below 50 K. In all these magnetic structures, the magnetic moments are almost in the bc-plane and couple ferromagnetically with each other along the a-axis.

The results of the magnetization, neutron diffraction, specific heat and electrical resistivity measurements are reported on the single crystalline samples of UTGe (T: Ni, Pd and Pt). UNiGe and UPtGe show the antiferromagnetic transitions at 42 and 50 K, respectively. UPdGe undergoes successive magnetic transitions; an antiferromagnetic transition at 50 K and a ferromagnetic one at 28 K.

腸管子宮内膜症は比較的稀な疾患であるが癌との鑑別診断が困難である.症例1は46歳でS状結腸,直腸に発生した子宮内膜症であり,症例2は38歳で虫垂に発生した子宮内膜症であった.本症の診断の要点は1.詳細な病歴,現症.2.注腸と大腸内視鏡は,月経開始前後と月経周期の中間に施行する.3.組織学的確認をすることである.また本症において血便をきたすメカニズムは1,子宮内膜組織の腸管内露出.2.糞便の狭窄部通過による器械的刺激の2つが考えられる.

In this paper, a rare case of primary linitis plastica type of colonic cancer is presented with review of the literature.A 35-year-old man was admitted to our department of surgery seeking for the treatment of complete stenosis of the rectum on March 22, 1976. At once, primary loop sigmoid colostomy and biopsy at the white and thick rectal wall were performed. The postoperative roentgenologic examinations reveraled complete narrowing of the rectum about 10 cm in length and the endoscopic examinations showed edematous swollen mucous membrane covered with copius mucus. Neither tumor nor ulcer was recognized. Based upon the histological examinations and clinical findings, the final diagnosis of primary linitis plastica type of carcinoma of the rectum was made. Hence, the combined therapies of oral administration of 5-fluorouracil and cobalt-60 irradiation were begun resulting in marked resolution of the neoplasm and remarkable relief of the clinical symptoms 2 months after the onset of treatment during the period of 20 months. But, in Novomber 1977, numerous dermal metastases came out at the lumbar region the head and the chest wall. The patient was gradually emaciated and died of cachexia on June 2, 1978.In the literature of the world from 1951 through 1976, only 34 cases of primary linitis plastica type of colonic carcinoma have been reported. The clinical aspects of this case was discussed as comparison with the 34 cases.