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In 53 pregnant patients in the III trimester of pregnancy kidney function investigations were carried. The group consisted of 23 patients with chronic kidney diseases with superimposed arterial hypertension (examined group) and of 30 healthy pregnant women (control group). In the examined group an increase of blood-serum urea, uric acid and creatinine concentrations were demonstrated. In these women the blood pH was decreased also. The urinary excretion of NH4+ and H+ ions was decreased, the excretion of Na+ and K+ was normal.

Investigations covered 64 women in the III trimester of pregnancy. In this group 34 were with diagnosed primary arterial hypertension (examined group), and 30 were apparently healthy (control group). In both groups the blood serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, uric acid and electrolytes were determined. Creatinine clearance and acid-base balance were determined in these cases also. In 24 hours urine samples the NH4+, H+, Na+ and K+ ions concentrations were established. Impaired kidney function was shown in the patients from the examined group.

The investigations covered 33 women in the III trimester of pregnancy with diagnosed, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and 108 healthy women in the control group. The alpha-amylase activity was measured in the blood-serum and urine samples using the Caravay technique. An increased activity was demonstrated in the blood-serum samples in the examined group. The values were not related to the levels of glycemia. The urinary alpha-amylase activity was similar to that in the control patients. No coincidence between the activity and glycemia or acetone levels could be demonstrated.

The number and distribution of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in luminal and glandular epithelium of human uterus were analysed in proliferative and secretory phase of the menstrual cycle as well as in menopause. It was found that lymphocytes were common components of luminal and glandular epithelium of human uterus. In secretory phase of menstrual cycle the IEL number of uterine luminal epithelium was on average 3.5 while in proliferative phase it decreased to 1.4 per 100 epithelial cells. In menopause the IEL number kept the level of that of proliferative phase. IEL of glandular epithelium were less numerous than those of lining epithelium and distributed evenly along the length of endometrial gland; their number failed to change in menstrual cycle.

The study was carried out in 45 samples of amniotic fluid taken by amniocentesis from 21 hypertensive mothers (study group) and 24 healthy mothers (control group). In these samples the concentrations were determined of total oestrogens and human placental lactogen. In the evaluation of the state of the newborns the following was considered: 1) length and body weight, 2) status in the 1st minute of life (Apgar score). The results were subjected to statistical analysis. In hypertensive mothers during pregnancy HPL and total oestrogen concentrations were decreased. In the study group reduction of body weight and length was found. The general condition of the newborns in the 1st minute was similar in both groups.

The study was carried out in a group of 176 women (39 non-pregnant women, 30 women in I trimester of pregnancy, 37--in II trimester, 35--in III trimester and 35 women on 3rd day of puerperium). All the women were healthy, had no renal diseases and did not report the history of urinary tract diseases. They did not have hypertension either. In all the women the authors determined the activity of alpha-amylase in the urine by the Caravay method. The urine collection was done according to Kokot. The results were determined in enzymes/h, and were calculated statistically. It was found that the activity of alpha-amylase increases as pregnancy progresses. In the women on 3rd day of puerperium the activity of the enzyme examined in the urine comes back to the values found in non-pregnant women.

The study was carried out in 194 healthy women, including 50 non-pregnant, 31 pregnant in the 1st trimester, 32 in the 2nd and 30 in the 3rd trimester, and 51 in the 3rd day of puerperium. Their age was 19-43 years, they gave no history of renal disease nor urinary tract disease. The biochemical tests evaluating the function of renal tubules and glomeruli were done in 24-hour urine: 1) 24-hour urine volume, 2) NH4+, 3) H+, 4) K+ and 5) Na+ ions. Endogenous creatinine clearance was determined as well in all cases. The results were subjected to statistical analysis. Increased tumular metabolism of carbonic acid begins in the 16th week of pregnancy, increases further till the end of pregnancy and is still high on the 3rd day of puerperium. Amino acid metabolism increase in the tubules was noted only in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, and it was normal again on the 3rd day of the puerperium. K+ and Na+ excretion was raised in the 3rd trimester, and on the 3rd day postpartum potassium excretion was still high while that of sodium was normal. Endogenous creatinine clearance rose in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and failed to return to the value before pregnancy on the 3rd day postpartum. The observed changes in the biochemical functions of renal tubules and glomeruli in physiological pregnancy may be responsible for the typical changes of blood acid-base equilibrium in pregnancy (compensated metabolic acidosis with respiratory alkalosis).

The studied group comprised 47 women in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy (29-40 weeks), including 17 with type I diabetes (study group) and 30 healthy women (control group). In the study group in one case diabetes was diagnosed during pregnancy and treated with diet only, in the remaining 16 pregnant women the mean diabetes duration was 6.2 years and the mean daily insulin dose was 70 u. According to White's classification one patient was in class A, 10 in class B and 6 in class C. In all cases renal function was normal, with normal blood values of creatinine, urea, electrolytes, uric acid, protein and acid-base equilibrium. Endogenous creatinine clearance was also normal. The studied biochemical parameters of renal tubular function included: 1) deamination of amino acids--with measurement of ammonium ion (NH4+) excretion with urine, 2) carbonic acid metabolism--with determination of urinary excretion of hydrogen ions (H+), 3) urinary excretion of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions. Besides that 24-hour urine was always measured. The studied women were similarly hydrated (standard diet, fluid balance control). The results were subjected to statistical analysis. In women with type I diabetes the volume of 24-hour urine was increased, although it fell within the normal range, urinary excretion of Na+ and K+ was raised. No change was found in amino-acid deamination an carbonic acid metabolism since the excretion of NH4+ and H+ was normal.