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Scaling-down of Cu traces in redistribution layers is increasingly required to achieve high-bandwidth signal processing in high-power multi-chiplet systems consisting of multicore CPUs and GPUs. The signal integrity of a scaled-down Cu trace, however, is degraded in the high-temperature environment created by operation of a multi-chiplet system since oxidation of a Cu trace increases its electrical resistance. We investigated the oxidation behavior of submicron-scale Cu traces fabricated using a semi-additive process. When the Cu traces were directly covered with a polyimide dielectric, the conventional covering, they were seriously oxidized by thermal oxidative stressing. In contrast, when they were covered with thin inorganic dielectrics (100 nm), they had much higher resistance against thermal oxidative stressing. The lifetime of these submicron-scale Cu traces under the assumed operating temperature of a multi-chiplet system was estimated to be more than 10 years for $0.8-\mu \mathrm{m}$ -wide Cu traces, which is twice the expected operating lifetime of high-performance computers. The covering of thin inorganic dielectrics results in high signal integrity, enabling high-bandwidth signal processing in multi-chiplet systems.

Background: Although clock genes generate oscillations in about 10 % of all gene expressions as a 24-hour cycle in the cellular level cooperating with the central clock, little is known about the role of clock genes in angiogenesis. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if a peripheral clock would modulate angiogenesis in a hind limb ischemia (HLI) model. Methods and Results: First, we surgically induced the HLI model in C57BL/6J (wild type; WT) mice (N=6 for each time point) and checked mRNA expressions of clock genes in a local ischemic tissue by PCR array in the setting of blood perfusion recovery. In vitro study, we next investigated those gene expressions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with or without stimulation by growth factors. Those data demonstrated that the peripheral clock genes were modulated in ECs and tissues in the presence of growth factors and tissue ischemia. Then, we examined whether inhibition of clock gene expressions had any effects on angiogenesis. For this study, we focused on Cryptochrome (Cry), which is well known as one of the core-loop forming clock genes producing circadian rhythm in mammals. Our loss-of-function study revealed that the abilities of proliferation, migration and tube formation were significantly inhibited by Cry1 and Cry2 double knockdown in HUVECs. Interestingly, although the knockdown of Cry1 and Cry2 changed the mRNA expression of Period2, it did not affect those of BMAL1 and Clock in HUVECs. Finally, we tested if Cry1 and Cry2 double hetero knockout mice of HLI models displayed worse blood perfusion recoveries with deterioration of angiogenesis. As results, compared with control WT mice, Cry1 and Cry2 double knockout mice showed the low capillary density detected by CD31-immunohistochemistry and low tissue blood perfusion demonstrated by laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) in a HLI. Conclusion: Our data indicated that Cryptochrome as a peripheral clock plays an important role in angiogenesis of the reparative tissue ischemia model.

We performed scanning tunnelling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) on Fe-doped Bi2212. The Fe substitution for Cu causes a strong spatial inhomogeneity in STS spectra. The energy gap (Δ1 ∼80mV) has a sub-gap (Δ2 ∼70mV) in some distinct locations on the sample surface. We find that the gap edge peaks are largely depressed and only the sub-gap survives across the region where the spatial modulation of the local density of states is stronger. This indicates, that Δ1 anti-correlates with Δ2., Conference : 20th International Conference on Magnetism, ICM 2015, Location : Barcelona, SPAIN, Date : JUL 05-10, 2015

Fusion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to the cell membrane occurs by the specific binding of an envelope protein of HIV-1 (gp120 and gp160) and a glycosphingolipid of the cell membrane. In this study, quantitative and array-based affinity evaluation of gp120 and gp160 was performed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and the SPR imaging technique using a substrate immobilized with glycolipid-like compounds (Gb3, GM3, and Lac). Quantitative affinity evaluation showed that gp160 specifically bound to Gb3 and Lac compared with GM3, whereas gp120 showed lower binding affinity and specificity. Array-based evaluation showed that gp160 binds to Gb3 more favorably than Lac and GM3.

The adrenal toxicity of an acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor, FR145237, was investigated using Japanese White (normal) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor deficient Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits. In the normal rabbits, severe necrosis of the cells in the zona fasciculata and reticularis was observed 24 hr after intravenous injection of 3.2 mg/kg of FR145237, whereas no morphological changes could be found in the adrenal cells of the WHHL rabbits in spite of a higher plasma concentration of the drug. Since most of the FR145237 (87%) in the plasma of the WHHL rabbits was recovered in the LDL fraction 1 hr after intravenous injection of the drug (3.2 mg/kg), it was hypothesized that the delivery of the drug to the adrenal cells may be limited by the LDL receptor deficiency. However, the concentration of FR145237 in the adrenal gland of the WHHL rabbits (13.3 μg/g) was identical to that in the normal rabbits (13.6 μg/g). These results suggest that the susceptibility of the adrenal cells of the WHHL rabbits to the toxicity of FR145237 truly differs from that of normal rabbits, and that the WHHL rabbit may be a useful animal model for the investigation of the mechanisms of the adrenal toxicity of ACAT inhibitors.

Recently, tracking method to moving objects on time-series images has an important key role in the field of image processing, for example, medical recognition field or measurement system device. In this paper, we propose new robust tracking method to multiple moving objects based on orientation code matching with extended Kalman filter. Our method can be applied to illumination change and object shape change. Through some experiments, we show utilities of our method.