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Context: Diarrhea is one of the important causes of morbidity and graft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients. Aims: We aimed to study the risk factors and causes of diarrhea in renal transplant recipients and to assess the impact of diarrhea on graft function. Settings and Design: This was a retrospective observational study. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 912 renal allograft recipient records who underwent renal transplantation between January 2006 and June 2019 was performed. Patients with severe diarrhea requiring hospitalization were included. Investigations like stool microscopy including modified acid-fast stain and stool culture were performed. Statistical Analysis Used: Mean was calculated for normally distributed variables and median for not-normally distributed parameters. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Univariate analysis was done to assess risk factors for diarrhea. Results: There were a total of 618 diarrheal episodes in 149 (16.3%) patients. Significant risk factors were deceased donor renal transplantation (58 [39%]) (P = 0.00024), the use of induction immunosuppression (44 [29.5%]) (P = 0.0002), and antirejection therapy (ART) (60 [40.3%]) (P = 0.0034). Infectious cause was identified in 85 (57%) patients, and cytomegalovirus was the predominant agent. Entamoeba histolytica (16 [10.7%]) was the predominant protozoal etiology. Temporary graft dysfunction during diarrheal episode occurred in 67 (45%) patients. Conclusions: Diarrhea occurred in 16.3% of renal transplant recipients. Deceased donor source, the use of induction immunosuppression, and ART were significant risk factors. Infectious cause was identified in 57% of diarrheal episodes. Following diarrhea, permanent graft dysfunction occurred in 10.7% of patients.

Introduction: Anemia is one of the world's most serious global health issues as mentioned by the World Health Organization. Anemia can be defined as a condition in which oxygen carrying capacities are insufficient to meet the physiologic needs. Iron is an essential mineral which facilitates healthy functioning of the body. Vitamin C has been shown to enhance the process of iron absorption. It captures non-heme iron and stores it in a form that is more easily absorbed by the body. Hence, the current study is to create awareness of nutrition and anemia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was distributed among 100 dentists between 18 and 25 years of age from various government and private dental colleges in Chennai through the SurveyPlanet application. The questionnaire consisted of 11 questions which were formulated for checking whether the students are well aware of the importance of nutrition and anemia. Results were tabulated using statistics. Results: About 82% of the total participants were quite equipped with the basic knowledge about being nutritious. Entire participants stood firm in the opinion of compulsorily having breakfast daily. 100% of the students were quite familiar with the term anemia from which 58% believed that anemia was due to the deficiency of iron while 35% of the participants assumed that anemia was due to the deficiency of hemoglobin, whereas 7% thought that anemia was due to the deficiency of proteins. Conclusion: Education interventions play a key role in changing ones attitude for the betterment of the society. Nowadays, most of the students are familiar in terms of anemia and nutritional importance in diet to maintain their health. Due to modern lifestyle, they are not following in day today life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The teaching and participation of senior medical students are very important as the experience in the field helps the students to practically understand the subject in a better way and the application of the subject on the clinical field is made easier while working with patients. This survey was done to find out the attitude and awareness of senior medical students toward teaching and participation in formal clinical teaching. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was done and 100 senior dental and medical students from Chennai actively participated in the survey. The results of the survey are compiled and documented. Results: This survey was done to create awareness among senior medical students toward teaching and participation in formal clinical teaching. This survey proved that not many people were confident in formal clinical teaching. Conclusion: This survey is done to create awareness of formal clinical teaching for senior medical students and to spread the importance of it in the dental and medical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), also known as physiatrist, is one of the specializations in medicine that focuses to enhance and restore the functional ability and quality of life of those with physical impairments or disabilities. A physician having completed training in this field may be referred to as a physiatrist. The main aim of this study is to assess the attitude and knowledge of medical students on PM&R through a questionnaire-based survey. Materials and Methods: Through an online-based survey, a questionnaire comprising related questions was circulated amidst medical students and the responses were collected. Results: About a majority of the students who took up the survey were not aware of the existence of such a field but are not familiar about its course and career options as well as accessible information regarding the same. Conclusion: PM&R although being an age-old specialization still is not within the access and reach of students for them to have good attitude and knowledge toward it. Awareness and orientations regarding the same are required among the medical fraternity to become more familiar with this specialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Anemia is a condition that develops when there is an insufficient red blood cell or hemoglobin in the blood. It adversely affects cognitive and motor development and causes fatigue and low productivity. Common symptoms include tiredness, weakness, and shortness of breath. The normal hemoglobin level for men is 13-17 g/dL and for women is 12–15 g/dL. The aim of this study is to determine the awareness of symptoms of anemia in women. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on randomly selected women. The questions assessed their basic knowledge and awareness regarding anemia. Data were statistically analyzed and the results were obtained. Results: About 65% of women were aware about all aspects of anemia, but there were a high number of individuals who were unaware. Discussion: The possible results could be due to insufficient intake of iron-rich food and may also be due to various reasons such as heavy menstrual bleeding, cancer, decreased red blood cell (RBC) production or destruction of RBC cells, and chronic diseases. Conclusion: Prevention is better than cure, and thus, women should consider consulting a doctor or dietician to prevent it. It is important to raise awareness among women by all possible means and also the students so that they could pass on the information to their family regarding it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Orange is a rich source of fiber. It helps in digestion. Constipation is a condition of digestive system where hard feces are difficult to eliminate. The main aim of the study is to find the effect of orange on constipation patients. Materials and Methods: Sample sizes of about 30 subjects suffering from constipation were included in this study. Oranges were asked to take regularly in the early morning for 30 days. 15 days interval, bowl movement was noted. Results: The symptoms which were before consuming orange such as hard stool and blood discharge have been reduced after consuming orange. This shows the effect of orange on constipation. Discussion: Orange helps in digestion and it is a good source for weight loss. Orange is low-fat nutrient-rich food. The main symptom of constipation was severe before consumption. After consumption, the symptoms were progressively reduced. Conclusion: Orange has a very good effect on constipation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping one's mouth clean and free from diseases and other problems (e.g., bad breath). It is one of the most important and necessary aspects to maintain good health. This hygiene is maintained by regular brushing of the teeth (dental hygiene). Toothpaste or gel dentifrice is a paste which is used with the toothbrush to clean the teeth. It helps in removing the food accumulated in the teeth. Hence, brushing with toothpaste suppresses bad breath and maintains oral hygiene. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the choice of toothpaste among undergraduate (UG) dental students. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was administered through an online survey. The survey was spread among 100 UG dental students to study and determine the factors which influence them to make a purchase of the toothpaste and use it on a daily basis. Results: The present study revealed that a majority of UG dental students use Colgate toothpaste. Cleansing property and long-lasting freshness are the qualities of the toothpaste which attracts the dental students. Television (advertisement) is considered to be a very strong factor influencing their choice. Conclusion: A dentist is an oral health-care professional who can teach you how to properly take care of your teeth and gums on a daily basis. This study is important because it reveals the choice of toothpaste among the dental students who are very conscious of their dental hygiene, and thus, the study has a motive to help people in making an appropriate choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Good dieting adds to a general feeling of prosperity and is a foundation in the counteractive action of various conditions, including coronary illness, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, malignant growth, dental caries, and asthma. For youngsters and youngsters, good dieting is especially vital for solid development and subjective improvement. Hence, the main of this study is to create awareness among teenagers about the eating habits and to maintain their aging process. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted among 150 teenagers in the month of November–December who are volunteers under obese, normal weight, and overweight. The research tool was consisted of an original survey questionnaire. This survey questionnaire contained eating habits and dietary importance. The participants gave their informed consent for the original survey questionnaires. Data were collected and analyzed with statistics. Results: The teenagers eat 3 times a day about 66.90% of persons. Their food is usually freshly home prepared of 55.60% chosen. About 39.70% of the teenagers weekend meal is street foods. 81.60% of teenagers agree that they suffer from cholesterol problems. Only 24.50% have the usual consumption of healthy food. The teenagers are not satisfied with their food consumption of about 46.50% of them. Conclusion: This survey evidence that the teens are aware of their eating habits but half of them is not satisfied with their eating habits and they fail to practice it due to their modern lifestyle. Hence, this survey may ensure them with balanced eating habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Bruxism is excessive teeth grinding or jaw clenching. It is an oral parafunctional activity, i.e., it is unrelated to normal function such as eating or talking. Bruxism is such a common behavior, reports of prevalence range from 8% to 31% in the general population. Several symptoms are commonly associated with bruxism, including hypersensitive teeth, aching of jaw muscles, headaches, tightness, and damage to dental restorations (e.g., crowns and fillings) to teeth. However, symptoms may be minimal, without patient awareness of the conditions. The main aim of this study is to estimate the knowledge and awareness toward bruxism during sleep. Materials and Methods: A set of questionnaires was prepared and the survey was conducted among 80 dental patients. Data were collected and analyzed with statistics. Results: About 29% of them responded that they have a problem of grinding teeth during their sleep. Few of them had symptoms like soreness of the mouth. To reduce stress or anxiety patients undergo certain psychiatric medications which may also result in bruxism and about 45% of them were not exposed to stressful life. It was observed that about 80% of the patients are unaware of the side effects of bruxism. Conclusion: Bruxism is oromotor habit with a high prevalence in the general population. The signs and symptoms of bruxism are detectable, but unfortunately, the hypothesized etiologies and mechanisms of their actions have not been sustained satisfactorily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The rates of the risk of cancer differ with difference in place, climate, habits such as smoking and drinking, lifestyle, etc. The changes we see with time, around us are proof that certain elements of lifestyle or environment largely affect the rate of common cancers. When case-control studies were performed, consumption of fruits and vegetables was linked with reduced rates of cancer risks. Excess energy intake when compared to the required amounts can elevate the risks of human cancer. However, increased input of vegetables and fruits into the body has been indirectly proportional to the levels of cancer risks in people. Change in dietary patterns might be able to judge the risk of cancer in a person. Materials and Methods: A survey-based questionnaire with a set of 10 questions was prepared and distributed among the participants. Results: Reheating of food, consumption of red meat, etc., have increased the risks of cancer. The risk of various cancers was directly proportional to the consumption of red meat, carbonated beverages, etc. Conclusion: Among the group of participants, non-vegetarians had more chances of getting cancer than vegetarians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Extreme activities enable physiological mechanisms to be most fully involved. A marathon race is a prime example of an extreme activity. The marathon race is a long-distance race, finished by running, strolling, or a run/walk technique. Marathon running has evolved as one of the world's popular running experiences. It is particularly interesting because a moderate load, typical for it, lasts for hours, which enables multiple physiological measurements to be carried out. Materials and Methods: This was a poll-based examination. A questionnaire with 10 questions was distributed among 50 female marathon runners mainly deals about the knowledge on physiological impacts on marathon practice. Data were collected and analyzed by statistics. Results: From the information, unmistakably, there is a good knowledge on the physiological effects of marathon among the female athletes, yet they are not very well knowledgeable in some areas. Conclusion: The measurable results of this survey indicated that most of individuals are aware of the physiological changes that occur in their body during marathon run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Everyone would like their hair to look shine and beautiful nowadays. Both the genders have shown more concentration toward their hair beauty. The main aim of the study was to create awareness of the choice of shampoo among dental students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire mainly deals about hair nature, brand, and fragrance of shampoo; data were collected and tabulated using statistics. Results: Most of the students preferred choosing after reading the ingredients used, i.e., 56% about 84% of students choose their shampoo according to their hair type. Discussion: In-store advertisements have attracted students in getting their shampoo. The most common problem faced by dental students was dandruff. Hence, they preferred using antidandruff shampoo, i.e., about 43% of students test the fragrance before choosing their shampoo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A largely spoken phrase around the world is social media. The instrument on communication such as television, radio, weekly, and daily newspapers is generally referred to as social media; actually, the ability to communicate between people is called social media. Online life has produced a marvel known as “Face book despondency,” which is a kind of misery that influences teenagers who spend excessively of their spare time drawing in with internet based life locales. The main aim of this study is to create awareness of social media among school children. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was created using an online survey portal “survey planet.” The survey was circulated among children of age group between 15 and 20. The questionnaire regarding their awareness on social media, their opinions on it and they were asked about how much time do they spend on social media The results were obtained using statistical method and the awareness on the influence of social media among children were studied. Results: According to this survey, 78% were experienced that social media have impact on their future but only 22 % were not experienced. About 65% of them felt stress reliever, 17% of them were boost energy, and 18.4% of them chose for education. Conclusion: Interpersonal organizations on the internet are luminous Web 2.0 wonders that offer the possibility to wind up some portion of, and make utilization of, aggregate knowledge. Be that as it may, the inactive emotional wellness results of unreasonable and addictive use are yet to be investigated utilizing the most thorough logical techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oral cancer includes carcinoma in the sites of oral cavity, lips, pharynx, and nasopharynx. The most vital and sensitive functions are carried out through blood in our body. Hence, any alterations in the level of the blood parameters significantly affect the overall functioning and homeostasis of the human body. Many disorders such as thrombocytopenia and anemia cause alterations in the blood parameters. The study thus aims to find the changes occurring in these parameters in oral cancers patients which can be used as markers for early diagnosis of oral carcinoma. The study aims to observe and compare the variations of hematological parameters in oral cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The clinical study was conducted at Saveetha Dental College, Chennai. After ethical consent, 5 ml of intravenous blood was drawn from the patients. The samples obtained were centrifuged and used for further biochemical analysis. The levels of various hematological parameters obtained through biochemical tests were further consolidated through statistical analysis. Results: There is a significant difference in the levels of blood parameters observed between the control and the oral cancer patients. Subsequent elevations in leukocytes and platelets are observed during the detection of oral cancer. Conclusion: The original study done depicted relative changes in the hematological parameters of oral cancer patients when compared with healthy individuals. Although these variations do not serve as the only confirmatory tool in the diagnosis of cancer, yet they are very efficient indicators and can be used to identify cancer at the earlier stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Twenty-first century is a period of equipment, and every now and then, more state-of-the-art electronic devices are brought into the market. The relative time spent on personal computer (PC) and diverse gadgets has extended rapidly consistently. Sweeping use of electronic gadgets causes many health and mental issues. The main aim of this study is to find the prevailing eye complication among children due to excessive usage of electronic gadgets. Materials and Methods: The survey was taken among 100 children by distributing questionnaires, and their daily habit of using electronic gadgets and the effects caused physically and mentally were observed. Results: It has been known for some time that exposure to blue light, which is emitted in abundant amounts by electronics such as televisions and smartphones, can tell your body to stop generating melatonin. Melatonin is the chemical that tells your body that it is time to sleep. Hence, less secretion of melatonin hormone leads to lack of sleep which is the main cause for dark circles in children at this early age. Conclusion: From our survey, we found that children are more prone to use mobile phone per day than any other electronic gadgets. Children who use smartphones for a longer period of time are exposed to eye damage. The blue light exposure may lead to macular degeneration and a point may come where the eye cannot see real colors properly. This condition can be treated and prevented with regular screen breaks and exercises. Children are advised to wear protective glasses, reduce brightness of the electronic devices, and avoid small screen phones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A fear is a sort of nervousness issue characterized by an industrious and exorbitant dread of an article or circumstance. The influenced individual may encounter a wide range of side effects. Fear can be partitioned into explicit fears such as social fear and agoraphobia. To understand a person’s fear to a particular object or situation and the consequences faced in daily life due to their phobia. It is a type of anxiety disorder, defined by a persistent and excessive fear of an object or situation. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted among 50 South Indian population. A questionnaire was prepared about main reason and cause behind the phobia. This will be distributed through SurveyPlanet. The data were collected and analyzed with statistics. Results: From the result, it can be statistically analyzed that most of the people aged between 18 and 25 have the fear toward insects and most have no fear. From the statistics, the phobia affects their daily life by not wanting to face fear, so they keep away even from familiar places. The best treatment for phobia is that of confronting the fear to family and friends. Conclusions: We can conclude that phobia is an anxiety disorder that is experienced by every individual to any particular thing. However, from the statistics, fear can be easily overcome by sharing with family and friends than by medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Calcium is known for muscle function, women’s preconception health, muscle contraction, female reproductive system, the follicular production, creating alkaline environment in vagina, oocyte activation, and maturation. Women should ensure whether they are getting the recommended 1000 g of calcium per day. The main aim of this study was to assess the calcium ion level in the infertile female patients. Materials and Methods: Group I – Normal healthy fertile women and Group II – Individuals with the history of infertility 3 ml of venous blood were collected from both groups. Then, serum was separated and analyzed to estimate the serum calcium level by standard kit method using CORALAB 3000 Semi automated analyzer. Results: The data were analyzed using the SPSS package. Paired sample t-test analysis was done to find out significant differences between the two groups. All the tests were considered significant at P < 0.05 level. Conclusion: This study shows a negative effect (i.e., infertility) on the calcium deficient patients. Those patients have to be supplemented with calcium ions before conception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The main of this study is to estimate the hemoglobin (Hb) levels with respect to consumption of amla with honey and dates alone. Both amla and dates have a huge impact on the Hb levels of the body. These not only help in rising Hb levels but also on the overall metabolism of all age groups. Materials and Methods: People of different age groups were considered, with sample size of 50 divided into two groups. One group took amla with honey and the other only dates and the rise in Hb levels was assessed after a period of 20–25 days. Results and Discussion: Hb levels when amla with honey and dates alone where both has considerable nutritive components contributing the overall health were consumed for a period of time in which the nutritional status and the overall rise in the Hb levels before and after consumption were discussed. Conclusion: To rise the Hb levels in a short period of time, people can prefer amla with honey than dates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is made from fermented apple juice, it is used for reducing cholesterol, regulating blood pressure, sore throats, to get rid of toxins, arthritis, osteoporosis, stimulate thinking and so on. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of ACV among diabetic and obese individuals. Materials and Methods: A total of 10 diabetic patients (mean 140.6 + 2.13 mg/dl; range 105-156 mg/dl) of age group of 45-57 years and 10 obese patients (body mass index [BMI] 27.4 + 0.33 kg/m2; range 25-31.2 kg/m2) of age group of 18-59 years were made to drink 20 ml ACV in 200 ml water every day before bed. This was continued for 30 days regularly. The fasting blood glucose level of each patient was measured using glucometer before the experiment was conducted in case of diabetic patients. BMI of the patient was used as a parameter to note the weight change before and after consumption of ACV. Results: The BMI of before and after consumption of ACV was 27.4 ± 0.33 and 26.9 ± 0.32, we can observe the significant decrease in BMI. The diabetic patient had a decrease in blood glucose level from 140.6 ± 2.13 to 121.9 ± 2.28. The result was proved significant with P < 0.05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The chance of dental extraction contributing as a risk factor for difference in blood pressure (BP) remains unknown. The rationale of this study was to assess the changes in the BP of the patient in pre- and post-extraction of the tooth. The aim of this study is to measure the BP before and after extraction. Materials and Methods: The study is conducted among 45 healthy individuals. People having respiratory and cardiac disease were excluded from this study. BP was measured using an electronic BP monitor before and after extraction of the tooth. Results will be discussed with statistics. Results and Discussion: According to the results obtained, systolic BP and diastolic BP are higher before extraction and become low after extraction. However, in the case of pulse rate, pulse rate is low before extraction and becomes high after extraction. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in blood pressure and pulse rate pre- and post-extraction of teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Passive smoking is the inhalation of smoke, called secondhand smoke (SHS), by persons other than the intended "active" smoker. It occurs when tobacco smoke permeates any environment, causing its inhalation by people within that environment. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted among 100 Chennai populations. The questionnaire was distributed through the Google Forms. It contains about side effects of smoking. Results were collected from Google Forms and discussed. Results: The surveys proved that passive smoking is not only more prominent in adults but it also prominent to both children and obstetrics patients; this showed that the people are not aware. The participants are very well aware that passive smoking is spread through smell. They are also aware that the duration of exposure increases the intensity of passive smoking. Conclusion: From the survey by the response of the participants, it is clear that the participants are now aware what passive smoking is but are not aware of its side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Humans are the most complex organisms on Earth. Every one of us is unique. We may have different views and opinions on different aspects of life. It may range from complete positivity to complete negativity. The aim of this study focuses on the preferences of the parents, impacts of taking extracurricular classes on the children and to provide a statistical report on the mindset of the parents. Materials and Methods: The questionnaire is used to record the responses of the participants. Survey planet is used for the questionnaire preparation. The sample for the study comprised 50 parents residing in the locality of Chennai. Results: In the present study, most of the parents, i.e., 90% of the parents preferred both education and extracurriculum. 10% of the parents preferred only education whereas no parents preferred only extracurriculum. This shows that mst of the parents of this generation are giving equal importance to education and extracurriculum. Conclusions: A good positive attitude of oarents toward their children is very important in making them the good citizens of the future world. From our study, it is evident that parents show a positive attitude toward their children’s education as well as the children’s extracurriculum. They give equal importance to both education and extracurriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: An open sore on an external or internal surface of the body, caused by a break in the skin or mucous membrane which fails to heal is known as an ulcer, ulcers are mainly caused due to the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. There are many types of ulcers which include gastric ulcers, esophageal ulcers, duodenal ulcers, intestinal ulcers, and oral ulcers. They are also caused due to long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, for example, aspirin and they are also caused due to improper nutrition. Other reasons which cause ulcer are, tobacco use, stress, anemia, depression, overweight and obesity, alcohol consumption, and improper sleep. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried among 150 participants. A questionnaire was distributed through survey planet and mainly consists of reasons, cause, and mode of recovery of ulcers. Data were collected from different sex, social status, work, and background. Results were tabulated with statistics. Results and Discussion: The survey revealed a strong positive association between the lifestyle of adolescents and the cause of ulcers. This survey also demonstrated that subjects with low education level have a higher risk of having ulcers. Conclusion: Ulcers are less common among adolescents when compared to adults. In general, with respect to age and location, the prevalence of ulcer differs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A crown is a cover or “cap” that your dentist can put over a tooth. The crown restores the tooth to its normal shape, size, and function. A crown can make the tooth stronger or improve the way it looks. An implant looks and acts like a natural tooth. It fits securely even when you chew and speak. A single tooth implant does not involve treatment to your other teeth. Moreover, it may also help you keep a good level of bone around your teeth. The aim is to estimate the comparative analysis of problems occurring in patients with crowns and implants. Materials and Methods: An online questionnaire was prepared using SurveyPlanet and was circulated among the patients having restored crowns and implants. Results: Around 50% of the patients were wearing the implants and crowns for about 6–9 months. Most of the patients with dental crowns had periodontal complications such as discomfort in the jaw. Moreover, the patients with implants had sensitivity issues. Conclusion: Most of the complications occurred on patients were due to the poor oral hygiene, both in cases of dental crowns and implants. Oral hygiene is the main reason causing complications in patients with restored crowns and dental implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Depression is a life-threatening mood disorder manifested as a combination of cognitive and physical symptoms that lead to decreased interest in daily life activities which imposes significant negative impact on people’s quality of life and work performance due to disability, suffering, and high risk of perpetrating self-harm. The aim of this study is to compare the study of aromatherapy and antidepressant pills on anxiety and depressed people. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among 50 people. The age was not a barrier considered. Inclusion criteria were made with people with anxiety using drugs. A questionnaire was prepared mainly about the effect of aromatherapy and antidepressants. Results: The result proved that people suffering from anxiety and depression were high in number. Furthermore, the age category undergoing maximum depression was found to be between 13 and 19, apparently the students. Conclusions: Statistical analysis was drawn and concluded that aromatherapy works better when compared to antidepressant pills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Spasms of skeletal muscles are the most common and often due to overuse and muscle fatigue, dehydration, and electrolyte abnormalities. The spasm occurs abruptly and is short lived. The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which rosemary oil shows effects on muscle spasm than the familiar peppermint oil. Materials and Methods: A study was conducting among 30 people having a muscle spasm. Out of which there were two groups made, i.e., Group 1 and Group 2. Two different oils that include peppermint oil and rosemary oil were applied on the area affected by muscle spasm. Group 1 people were applied rosemary oil and Group 2 people were applied peppermint oil. The result which is obtained will be discussed. Results: When compared to peppermint oil, rosemary oil has very good effective role on muscle spasm. Out of 15 participants, nine of them felt effective after using rosemary oil. Only five of them felt effective after using peppermint oil. Conclusion: Hence, we can conclude that both the oils show invariably great effect in curing muscle spasm. Hence, time duration becomes a factor in distinguishing between the best oil. Rosemary oil cures pain within 15 min where peppermint oil takes a longer time, i.e., 30 min to cure the pain. Hence, we can regard rosemary oil as the best oil in curing muscle spam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Drinking water, also known as potable water, is water that is safe to drink or use for other purposes. Drinking water is a major source for intake of necessary elements into the human body. That is why it is important to consume the right type of drinking water that is suitable for us. It plays an important role in facilitating vital functions of the human body. The aim of this study was to find out the choices of drinking water among people of Chennai and its impact on their health. Materials and Methods: This study was done by conducting a survey. The survey was taken by circulating a questionnaire. The sample size was randomly taken as 100. This included 100 people that reside in Chennai. The questionnaire consisted of 11 questions. Results: The average amount of water consumed per day by the people of Chennai is 2-3 L. The people of Chennai majorly prefer consuming filtered water. Most of the people are unsure if the water they drink is pure or not. Conclusion: Not many people have reported waterborne diseases. Hence, we can safely say that filtered water is safe for consumption in Chennai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal syndrome which is caused due to disturbances in the hypothalamus and the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. It is associated with hyperandrogenism. Anemia is a blood disorder, where the amount of healthy hemoglobin (Hb) is less or there is faulty Hb being produced. It can be caused due to various reasons such as heavy blood loss. It leads to reduction in oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. This survey was conducted to check the prevalence of anemia among girls suffering from PCOS. This study will help us to understand if anemia and PCOS are related. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted using SurveyPlanet to collect information from UG students from Saveetha Dental College. The survey included questions such as the regularity of the menstrual cycle, height, and weight. The data were collected from the survey and analyzed. Results: About 42% of the having PCOS and 51% were affected with anemia. 44% of them having heavy menstrual bleeding and so 52% were consuming iron supplements to overcome anemia. 56% were shown improvement in Hb level after taking iron supplements. 31% were felt Hb level reduced after they were diagnosed with PCOS. Conclusion: PCOS is becoming a common issue among girls and women of the reproductive age. Early diagnosis and quick intervention can reduce the side effects of the syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Music is the best described as the drug for the spirit as well as to the physique. The heartbeat and blood pressure (BP) recorded while listening to fast music was approximately 120-130 beats/min and 140/90. Moreover, in case of slow music, it was approximately 55-65 beats/min and 90/60, respectively. Materials and Methods: The sample size of this study is about 30 healthy individuals. Three different types of music are used for this study include melody, exciting, and arbitrary type. Participants were asked to listen each music separately and measure BP and heart rate. For a music interval, 10 min relaxation has been given and follows the other type of music and measurements will be noted. Results: The mean values of pulse rate, systole, and diastole were not significantly reduced from resting state when compared between before and after listening to slow and arbitrary music. However, the fast beat showed the increased mean (±standard deviation) values of pulse rate, systole, and diastole which have a significant effect on individual. Conclusions: Listening to slow beat music can benefit the health of an individual by modulating the cardiovascular rhythms, whereas fast beat music is ineffective and often dangerous. Thus, listening to slow music not only makes as happy but also have a significant result on our body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ginger is a potent antiemetic, anti-inflammatory, antitumorigenic, antimicrobial, and antiviral agent. The increasing awareness in both medical community and among public has led to the use of unconventional and alternative treatment modalities by patients. The main aim of this study is to prove the efficacy of raw ginger and ginger oil on different kinds of pain. Materials and Methods: A study was carried out among 30 people with different pains such as arthritis, back pain, tennis elbow, migraine, and joint pain. 30 people were divided into two groups. Group A consists of 15 people consuming raw ginger and Group B consists of 15 people consuming drops of ginger oil. A pain scale is used to measure the pain before and after the usage of raw ginger and ginger oil for a month. Results: About 86% of the pain has been cured by the use of raw ginger within 30 days and 100% of the pain has been cured by the use of ginger oil. Conclusion: A 1-month period of therapy with doses of ginger oil and raw ginger consumed in this study showed all the effects of ginger extract. Ginger oil was found to be more effective in a shorter span of time than raw ginger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: There are mental benefits of yoga such as stress reduction, body awareness, better sleep, improve self-confidence, and relaxation. The primary aim of this study was to assess and analyze the impact of short-term practice of intense yoga and regular exercise on the components of human cognition, namely working memory and attentional control. The secondary aim was to compare the effects of these interventions on human cognitive power. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 healthy students were recruited and are assigned at random to intense superbrain yoga and aerobic exercise groups. In this study, students were divided into two groups, each comprised of 15 students. They were all highly motivated individuals, and informed consent was obtained from them after the experiment to be conducted was explained in detail. The students with following criteria were included in the study: (i) Male, (ii) female, and (iii) age 18-21 years. Results: The responses of all students of each of the respective groups are compared to the results of the previously conducted trial before the practise of yoga and exercise. Hence, the results are compared based on the reaction time of every individual before and after practice of their respective physical activity. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that superbrain yoga has a positive impact on both attentional control and working memory function. When compared to aerobic exercise, the effects are more pronounced on working memory and visual reaction time. Considering the positive benefits of regularly practising superbrain yoga on improving cognition, this regimen can be integrated into the physical education system of school-going pre-adolescents and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Body mass index (BMI), heart rate, and blood pressure should be monitored regularly for maintaining a peaceful and healthy life. Thus, this research is done to show the effects of sleep on blood pressure, heart rate, and BMI. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted among 60 participants. They were divided into two groups. Group 1 consists of normal healthy individuals and Group 2 consists of sleep-deprived individuals. Electronic sphygmomanometer was used to measure the blood pressure and heart rate, BMI using the formula (kg/m2). Results: BMI, systole, and diastole of normal people are higher than that of sleep-deprived people and the heart rate of sleep deprived is higher than that of normal people. Conclusion: The BMI and blood pressure of both groups of people correlate with each other and heart rate of sleepdeprived people are higher than that of normal people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Breast cancer is one among the most pervasive cancer of women and has a major role in death rate in relation to cancer. Due to breast cancer, there is about 60% mortality in the developing countries. The current study aimed to establish the association of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) level in breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Patients were selected from those attending the outpatient department of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals and divided into two groups as follows: Group I consists of normal healthy individuals and Group II consists of known breast cancer patients. Each group contains 30 participants. Individuals with the age group of 30-60 years, females with regular menstrual cycle were included in the study. Individuals with endocrine disorder or irregular menstrual cycle or polycystic ovary syndrome were excluded from this study. Results: All the data were analyzed using the SPSS package. Paired sample t-test analysis was done to find out significant differences between the two groups. All the tests were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05 level. Conclusion: The present study observed to have a higher serum FSH and LH levels in breast cancer patients. Hence, FSH and LH may have a role on breast cancer progression. Thus, advance studies are required to establish the accurate mechanism at the molecular level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]