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Objective: To describe the neuro-ophthalmological manifestations and the functional state of the retina in patients with Steinert's disease. Methods: An observational, descriptive study was carried out on a series of 29 patients, from January 18, 2016 to January 15, 2018, in the Neurophthalmology service at Prof. Rafael Estrada González Neurology and Neurosurgery Institute. Demographic, clinical variables, as well as functional electrophysiological evaluation variables of the retina were taken into account. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis was performed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 37.69 years (± 11.48); the most frequent age group was 40 to 49 years (44.8%) and the composition was similar in terms of sex. Mean visual acuity was 87.2 VAR (± 2.842), and 74.1% considered good, as was color vision (72.4%), contrast sensitivity at 1 meter (63.8 %) and 3 meters (62.1%). Ocular hypotension (82.8%), cataracts (58.64%), palpebral ptosis (51.7%), ophthalmoparesis (34.5%), epiretinal membranes (12.1%) and maculopathies (8.64%) were detected. The mesopic electroretinogram was altered in 75.9% of the patients and the electroculogram in 39.7%. Conclusions: Structural and functional ophthalmological alterations were found in patients with Steinert's disease. The evident affectation, detected in the visual electrophysiology tests, suggests an important dysfunction of the photoreceptor layer of the retina and its pigment epithelium (greater in the former), unlike that described historically in this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the neural-ophthalmological alterations associated with carotid stenosis. Acquisition of evidence: A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed, Medline, Cumed, Lilacs, Academic Google and SciELO databases. Sixty-one articles published in English and Spanish were consulted, from 2015 to 2020, which dealt with the different neural-ophthalmological manifestations of carotid stenosis. The main search descriptors were neural-ophthalmological manifestations AND carotid stenosis, carotid stenosis AND epidemiology, ocular ischemic syndrome, amaurosis fugax AND carotid stenosis, optic nerve AND carotid stenosis, choroid AND carotid stenosis, retina AND carotid stenosis. Results: The manifestations of carotid insufficiency cover a spectrum that includes transient episodes of monocular blindness (amaurosis fugax), venous stasis retinopathy and ocular ischemic syndrome. The presence of asymmetric hypertensive retinopathy can be detected in the fundus, including small cholesterol emboli or vascular changes. Optical coherence tomography is useful in these cases to detect changes in microvascular density, retinal thickness, choroidal thickness, and nerve fiber layers. The electroretinogram can be a valuable tool for the detection of retinal ischemia in asymptomatic cases. Conclusions: In carotid stenosis, amaurosis fugax or ocular ischemic syndrome are frequent manifestations, but alterations of the retina, choroid or the optic nerve may be present in asymptomatic patients. Some tools such as optical coherence tomography and retinal angiography have been shown to be very useful for early diagnosis of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]