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The aim of our study was to evaluate the technological (pH, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, oxidation-reduction potential, water activity, color parameters, and microbiological purity) and nutritional suitability of the meat of selected lamb breeds by analyzing the indicators (fatty acid profile, fat nutritional indices, lipid oxidation, basic meat composition) that determine the quality of lipids present in the meat. A comparative analysis of meat from native Polish breeds Uhruska, Świniarka, and Wrzosówka showed that these breeds are characterized by high-quality meat. The chemical composition of meat did not significantly differ between the studied breeds. However, the fatty acid composition and atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices of meat differed significantly between the breeds with the meat of Wrzosówka lambs having a distinct advantage and the most significant potential to protect against cardiovascular problems. Furthermore, the meat of Wrzosówka breed had color parameters that are most desired by consumers. The results presented here are of practical importance as combining meat from different breeds of lambs can allow to achieve high product quality. The meat of Wrzosówka breed can be successfully used for producing such products and can serve as flagship meat for export to other European and global markets.

Whether BMI and the competing waist circumference (WC)-based anthropometric indices are associated with obesity-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is as yet unknown. The current study aimed to evaluate the anthropometric indices (fat mass index, body shape index, visceral adiposity index, relative fat mass, body roundness index, and conicity index) during a weight loss intervention in 36 obese individuals. Blood biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides) and three SNPs (FTO rs9939609, TFAP2B rs987237, and PLIN1 rs894160) were assessed in 22 women and 14 men (35.58 ± 9.85 years, BMI 35.04 ± 3.80 kg/m2) who completed a 12-month balanced energy-restricted diet weight loss program. Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance (SECA mBCA515). At the end of the weight loss intervention, all anthropometric indices were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). For the SNP FTO rs9939609, the higher risk allele (A) was characteristic of 88.9% of the study group, in which 10 participants (27.8%) were homozygous. We found a similar distribution of alleles in TFAP2B and PLIN1. Heterozygous genotypes in FTO rs9939609 and TFAP2B rs987237 were predisposed to significant reductions in WC-based novel anthropometric indices during weight loss. The influence of PLIN1 rs894160 polymorphisms on the changes in the analyzed indices during weight loss has not been documented in the present study.

Do najistotniejszych zagrożeń zdrowotnych w produkcji drobiarskiej zalicza się m.in. zanieczyszczenia mikrobiologiczne, pozostałości zanieczyszczeń chemicznych oraz leków, jak również zanieczyszczenia fizyczne. Mięso drobiowe cenione jest głównie jako źródło pełnowartościowego białka pochodzenia zwierzęcego. Jego duża wartość odżywcza wynika ze zróżnicowanego i cennego składu aminokwasowego. Oprócz białka mięso to dostarcza lipidów, składników mineralnych oraz witamin. Wartość odżywcza mięsa drobiowego oraz jego przystępna cena przyczyniają się do wzrostu popytu na ten surowiec i jego przetwory wśród konsumentów. Konsekwencją wzrostu produkcji mięsa drobiowego może być niekiedy nieprzestrzeganie odpowiednich standardów produkcji, co generuje zwiększone prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia w nim zanieczyszczeń drobnoustrojami chorobotwórczymi lub ich toksynami. Celem pracy była ocena bezpieczeństwa mikrobiologicznego mięsa drobiowego oraz produktów z mięsa drobiowego dostępnych na rynku Unii Europejskiej na podstawie powiadomień wygenerowanych z RASFF-Portal, pochodzących z dwóch lat (2019 - 2020). W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy stwierdzono, że dominująca część zgłoszeń (aż 95 %) dotyczyła wykrycia obecności bakterii z rodzaju Salmonella w mięsie drobiowym i stanowiła ona podstawowy, najczęściej odnotowywany problem mikrobiologiczny. W krajach UE opracowano nowe strategie i wprowadzono kompleksowe programy administracyjnego zwalczania salmonellozy. Podejmowane w kraju programy zwalczania salmonellozy już wywołują pozytywne zmiany, dzięki czemu problem ten z każdym rokiem jest w coraz większym stopniu niwelowany.

BACKGROUND The most important qualities of meat and meat products include tenderness, juiciness and color. Sour meat marinating is a commonly used technique. In the available literature, there are no reports on the use of fermented dairy products (FDP) for meat marinating. The acids contained in FDP can improves the tenderness, taste, flavor, juiciness and color of meat products. The use of lower heat treatment temperature for a long time for cooking meat also positively affects its sensory properties and texture. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of marinating meat in kefir, yoghurt or buttermilk and cooking it sous vide (SV) on its physicochemical properties. METHODS Muscle cut into slices (m. longissimus dorsi thoracis) was placed in plastic bags, FDP were added to the meat, and the bags were then vacuum-sealed and refrigerated (4°C/48 h). After this time, one of the samples of each variant was analyzed, and the second was cooked SV (63°C/3 h). In the raw and cooked samples, the following were determined: chemical composition, acidity, redox potential, fat oxidation degree and physical parameters, such as texture (TPA test) and color (CIE Lab). RESULTS Marinating meat did not affect weight loss during meat storage and heat treatment, nor the moisture and protein content. Meat marinating decreased the pH, but had no effect on the content of fat oxidation products and the reduction potential in raw meat. Marinating meat in buttermilk and yogurt and cooking SV resulted in lowering the fat content and limiting oxidation, increasing the reduction potential, reducing hardness and chewiness and increasing the redness of the samples. CONCLUSIONS Marinating meat, especially in buttermilk or yogurt and cooking SV, improves its texture and color and limits oxidation processes. There was no positive effect of marinating meat in kefir on the parameters tested.

The effect of marinating beef in acid whey on the antioxidant peptides generated, and their influence on lipid oxidation, colour stability, sensory analysis and protein degradation products in uncured roasted beef stored 6 weeks in vacuum conditions (T = 4 °C) were determined. Measurements of pHe, water activity, oxidation-reduction potential, colour, TBARS, the cutting force, texture and amino acid profile, the total content of peptides, and antioxidant activity of isolated peptides were conducted immediately after production and during 42 days of storage.; Results: The non-nitrite control batch (C) was characterized by a lower a* value (6.33-6.70) during the whole storage period compared to the non-nitrite sample with acid whey (W). It also appears that meat with the worst colour stability has the poorest oxidative stability (C = 1.57 mg MDA kg-1 , W = 0.76 mg MDA kg-1 ). Activity against reactive forms of oxygen to fraction A and fraction B (P

Celem pracy była ocena wartości odżywczej całodziennych racji pokarmowych serwowanych w czterech stołówkach przedszkolnych, na podstawie jakościowej i ilościowej analizy jadłospisów. Okres zimowy nie jest zasobny w różnorodne świeże warzywa i owoce. Ograniczona dostępność sezonowych warzyw i owoców, a także ich wysoka cena mogą wpływać na mniejszą podaż tych produktów w codziennej przedszkolnej racji pokarmowej, a to z kolei może wpływać na powstawanie ryzyka niedoborów witaminowych. W niniejszym opracowaniu poddano analizie dwanaście miesięcznych jadłospisów z okresu zimowego, tj. od grudnia 2016 do lutego 2017 roku, po trzy z każdego przedszkola. Do obliczenia wartości energetycznej oraz zawartości makro- i mikroskładników w ocenianych jadłospisach wykorzystano program DIETA 5D (IŻŻ, Warszawa). Na podstawie wyników badań wykazano odpowiednią podaż energii (1074 ± 50 kcal) w dziennych przedszkolnych racjach pokarmowych. Nie odnotowano nadmiernej podaży soli (< 3,8 g) i cukrów (< 33 g) w żywności podawanej dzieciom. Stwierdzono, że oceniane jadłospisy były bogate w białko (37 ± 4,5 g), błonnik pokarmowy (11 ± 2,6 g), witaminę A (519 ± 223 μg) oraz magnez (154 ± 26 mg). Uwidoczniły się nieprawidłowości związane z niewystarczającą ilością wapnia (< 600 mg) i witaminy D (< 4 μg) w analizowanych jadłospisach. Dzienna podaż pozostałych mikroskładników w diecie przedszkolnej nie budziła zastrzeżeń. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują jednak na konieczność edukacji pracowników placówek oświatowych, szczególnie w zakresie zwiększenia w jadłospisach przedszkolnych ilości produktów nabiałowych bogatych w wapń oraz ryb morskich.

Summary The effect of inoculum level of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12 probiotic strain and ripening period on the quality of dry-cured neck was studied. The microbiological parameters (Enterobacteriaceae, LAB and TVC) and physicochemical attributes (pH value, aw, TBARS index, colour) were determined directly after fermentation at 15 °C for 3 weeks, after 6 and 12 months of ripening at 4 °C. The highest LAB count and a lower pH value were found in the meat inoculated with probiotic strain at 6.6 log cfu g−1 (B2) followed by inoculation with probiotic strain at 6.3 log cfu g−1 (B1). Level of inoculation had not had an influence on water activity, TBARS index and total colour parameters. Changes of fat oxidation during half-year of ripening were limited in probiotic meat samples compared to naturally fermented control meat (C). Based on the results, it can be concluded that the most favourable physicochemical and microbiological parameters of the dry-cured neck were obtained after 6 months of ripening. At that time, the Bifidobacterium BB-12 at both levels is a good potential starter for meat fermentation.

The effect of marinating beef in acid whey on the antioxidant peptides generated, and their influence on lipid oxidation, colour stability, sensory analysis and protein degradation products in uncured roasted beef stored 6 weeks in vacuum conditions (T = 4 °C) were determined. Measurements of pHe, water activity, oxidation-reduction potential, colour, TBARS, the cutting force, texture and amino acid profile, the total content of peptides, and antioxidant activity of isolated peptides were conducted immediately after production and during 42 days of storage.The non-nitrite control batch (C) was characterized by a lower a* value (6.33-6.70) during the whole storage period compared to the non-nitrite sample with acid whey (W). It also appears that meat with the worst colour stability has the poorest oxidative stability (C = 1.57 mg MDA kgThe results indicated that bioactive peptides could be generated in uncured roasted beef. The3.5 kDa peptides have strong antioxidant activity, as a result of which they function as inhibitors of lipid oxidation and colour discoloration during prolonged storage. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Background. Potentially, pâtes could be a functional food and are an important source of proteins, vitamin A, B complex vitamins and iron. Unfortunately, one problem in pâtes is the high level of animal fat, about 30%. Pâte with low-fat guinea fowl meat and animal fat replaced with inulin can result in this product being clas- sifi ed as a pro-health food. The objective of the present study was to determine the eff ect on pâte with guinea fowl meat of reducing its pork back fat content (about 1/3, 2/3 and 100%) and the adding inulin as a partial fat substitute. The eff ects on the pâte's chemical and physicochemical composition, as well as on its textural characteristics and sensory properties were analysed. Methods. On the day after production, the following took place: chemical analysis: cooking loss, moisture, protein, total fat, total calories, the pH, lipid oxidation were analysed; physical analysis: colour parameters, texture profi le analysis and sensory evaluation were analysed. Results. The pâte prepared with inulin gels as fat replacers had a fat content reduced (up to 82%), and decreased (up to 58%) energy value. The fat reduction and addition of inulin gels decreased hardness and chewiness, but the pâte's appearance, taste and odour, as well as overall quality were similar to the control (full-fat samples). Conclusion. The study demonstrated that inulin can be used in guinea fowl pâtes as a total fat replacer and a potential source of prebiotic.

The deacylation of easily accessible β-(N-acylamino)vinylphosphonium salts with methanol or some other nucleophiles gives β-aminovinylphosphonium salts in good yields. As indicated by the spectroscopic properties and by the results of single crystal X-ray diffraction studies the N-alkyl derivatives of the investigated compounds should be considered as strongly resonance stabilized β-iminium ylides rather than β-aminovinylphosphonium salts. In the case of N-aryl derivatives, the β-iminium ylide resonance structures are probably less pronounced.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of proteins isolates from selected pork dry-cured meat products (i.e., loin, ham and neck). It has been shown that the sarcoplasmic proteins constitute relevant substrates for enzyme-linked proteolysis after 8 months of aging, they accounted the vast majority of peptides (P

The aim of the present study was to investigate the technology aspect of Lactobacillus acidophilus Bauer and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis BB-12 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LOCK900 use in dry-fermented neck and sausage with regards to oxidative and microbiological stability and color changes occurring during 200 days ripening. The physicochemical parameters value, water activity), oxidative stability (oxidation–reduction potential, TBARS), color changes (L*, a*, b*, ΔE* value) and LAB count were measured directly after 21 days of ripening and 110 and 200 days of refrigerated storage at 4C. The highest LAB count and a lower pH value were found in the neck and sausage inoculated with Lb. acidophilus Bauer. A kind of probiotic agents had an influence on TBARS index and total color parameters. The results strongly suggested that Lb. acidophilus Bauer preserved the quality of dry-fermented pork neck and sausage better than the Bif. animalis and Lb. rhamnosus LOCK0900, especially with regard to discoloration (higher CIE a* value, lower total color difference), lipid oxidation and lactic acid bacteria growth and survival. Practical Applications The three investigated starter cultures could be applied into piece of smoked meat products as well as for comminute meat products. However, physicochemical properties and LAB count supported the view that using of Lb. acidophilus Bauer as a starter culture for dry-fermented pork neck and sausage protected product from oxidation better compared with Bif. animalis and L. rhamnosus LOCK 0900.

The grape seeds, which are the post-production waste of juices and wine production, are a rich source of biologically active compounds. The polyphenol compounds present in seeds can be used in the technology of new products of animal origin as a source of natural antioxidants. The effect of three levels (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5%) 40% (v/v) ethanol extract of grape seed (GSE) quality of dry-cured pork neck was tested. Meat product colour, pH value, water activity, free fatty acid (FFA) content and TBARS index were evaluated. The obtained results indicate that the addition of the extract decreased oxidation intensity dry-cured neck during ripening. The treatment with higher concentrations of extracts showed greater lipid stability than that of the lot with 0.1%. The three levels of GSE extract did not influence pH, water activity and colour significantly. This study indicates that the GSE extract was an effective inhibitor of lipid hydrolysis, and at an additive concentration of at least 0.2% limited the oxidative processes occurring in meats during ripening. Therefore, it may be used in dry-cured pork neck to improve the oxidative stability of meat products for the consumers., Biotechnology and Food Science, Vol. 82 No. 2 (2018): Biotechnology and Food Science