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Background. Ginseng (G) is an Asian plant used as an adaptogen, which has the ability to normalize bodily functions compromised by stress. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is the main effector of the stress response and cortisol (C) is the most used marker of stress. Aims. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interest in the relationship between G and HPA, G and cortisol (C) respectively, through an assessment of PubMed studies. Methods. In order to highlight the relationship between G and stress, the keywords selected for analysis were G+HPA and G+C. The time periods analyzed were from 1970 to 2021. The PubMed filters selected were: Species and Sex. Results. For G+HPA: publications with Animal filter were the most numerous and had the greatest numerical rise; research dynamic for the sex filter had a lower increase in time. For G+C: publications with Human were the most numerous and had the greatest numerical rise; dynamic researches with HF (Human Female) had the lowest increase in time. Conclusions. 1) The research on the combination of the keywords G+HPA and G+C falls under the theme of the relationship between G and stress. 2) Research on animals predominated, compared to those on human subjects. 3) Research with subjects from both genders was preferred. 4) The research related to Ginseng and HPA, respectively to Ginseng and Cortisol, although numerically reduced, proves a continuously growing interest of researchers for this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Panax Ginseng (GSG) may be a useful agent for treating depression and anxiety. The aim of the research was to evaluate two administrations of a product containing GSG (P-GSG) in intense acute physical stress. Healthy men were voluntarily enrolled into 4 groups: control (C) no treatment; who received placebo (P); who received P-GSG for one week (GSG1); who received P-GSG for 3 weeks (GSG3). All participants were subjected to the same type of stress: an acute and short-term intense physical effort on a cycle ergometer. The administered products were: placebo and P-GSG. The scans were: anxiety (A) and heart rate (HR). Parameters were significantly increased at C and P, for A and HR compared to GSG1 and GSG3. The greatest impact of P-GSG was on A. GSG1 compared to GSG3 had a greater impact on A and HR. In conclusion, through this study we found that Panax Ginseng, especially if taken for a longer period of time, reduces heart rate and anxiety in short-term acute intense exercise stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Ginseng (G) is an Asian plant used as an adaptogen that has the ability to normalize bodily functions compromised by stress. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is the main effectors of the stress response and cortisol (C) is the most used marker of stress. Materials and method. In order to highlight the relationship between G and stress, the keywords selected for analysis were G+HPA and G+C. The time periods analyzed were from 1970 to 2021. The Pubmed filters selected were: Species and Sex. Results. For G+HPA: publications with An were the most numerous and had the greatest numerical rise; reserch dynamic for the sex filter had a lower increase in time. For G+C: publications with H were the most numerous and had the greatest numerical rise; dynamic researches with HF had the lowest increase in time. Conclusions. 1) The research on the combination of the keywords G+HPA and G+C falls under the theme of the relationship between G and stress. 2) Research on animals predominated, compared to those on human subjects. 3) Research with subjects from both genders was preferred. 4) The research related to Ginseng and HPA, respectively to Ginseng and Cortisol, although numerically reduced, proves a continuously growing interest of researchers for this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cocoa and chocolate is a subject of interest in daily lives of many people, but especially in recent years, and research topic due to their beneficial effects already proven on health. The aim of this paper is to present some information on cocoa and chocolate from the perspective of some of their antioxidant and neuro-psycho-emotional actions. The method is based on the structure of a mini narrative review. Cocoa and chocolate have been recognized as a rich source of flavonoids, mainly flavones, important for the beneficial effects on the body. Cocoa has also been found to have effects on the oxidative stress, lipidis, carbohydrates, neurocognition, mood, and behavior. Cocoa and chocolate have multiple beneficial effects, among them, the antioxidant, metabolic and neuro-psychoemotional ones are very important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological stress influences the state of health and the appearance of diseases, by disturbing the reactivity to stress. Surgeons and surgical residents are exposed to intense stress with both professional and personal implications because surgery is a high-risk profession where small errors of judgment or technique can have immediate and irreversible negative consequences. Among the medical specialties, surgery was strongly associated with a very long work schedule which can affect surgeons and surgical residents of both genders. But, in certain circumstances, gender differences may be important for the profession of a surgeon. For all, surgeons and surgical residents, psychological interventions may have beneficial effects on operative stress modulation and improving surgical results. Thus, coping strategies, mental rehearsal, and relaxation, improve technical skills, decision making and confidence, surgical performance for teamwork, and also reduce stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Sport (S) and Ginseng (GSG) represent subjects of research interest, but the S-GSG relationship is, yet, rarely investigated. Aims. The purpose of the present paper is a brief analysis of the Sport-Ginseng (S-GSG) relationship, from the perspective of PubMed publications. Methods. The S-GSG relationship was analyzed in two types of investigations. A) Comparative analysis for the keyword combinations: Sport AND Ginseng (S-GSG), Sport AND Ginseng AND Fatigue (S-GSG-F), Sport AND Ginseng AND Performance (S-GSG-P), Sport AND Ginseng AND Endurance (S-GSG-E). B) Analysis for all keyword combinations, evaluating the Sex filters, with the corresponding subfilters: male (M), female (F). Results. The total number of S-GSG publications was 150, for a period of 35 years, since 1983 to date. % of publications from S-GSG are: 17% for S-GSG-F; 38% for S-GSG-P; 24.6% for S-GSG-E. % of publications for M are: 63.3% for S-GSG, 40% for S-GSG-F, 54.3% for S-GSG-P, 62.1% for S-GSG-E. % of publications for F are: 20% for S-GSG, 8% for S-GSG-F, 21% for S-GSG-P, 13.5% for S-GSG-E. Conclusions. 1) The average number per year of PubMed publications for S-GSG is 4.2, and the number of publications for 2018 is 7. 2) Of S-GSG, most of the publications were for S-GSG-P. 3) Most M publications were for S-GSG-E, and most F publications were for S-GSG-P. 4) Studies on the S-GSG relationship, although numerically reduced, are still increasing in recent years, covering the areas of interest F, P and E. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Facial expressions (FE) can have an important impact on physiological and psychological reactions, under the conditions of physical exercise. On the other hand, it is known that there are plants that can modulate the impact of stress on the human body. Aims. The aim of the present research is the evaluation of phytotherapeutic modulation of the impact of FE in intense physical stress. Methods. Sedentary volunteers (n = 24 males) were divided into two groups: a) no treatment (C = 12) and b) who received a phytotherapeutic product containing plants with an adaptogenic role, PAD (AD = 12). The chosen FEs were: neutral (N), disappointment (D) and encouragement (E). FEs were displayed on a screen in front of the subject. Physical stress (PS) was represented by a short-term intense physical effort, made on a Monark Ergomedic 839E cycle ergometer. PAD administration was 2x1 capsules/day, 21 days. The analyzed indicators were heart rate (HR), anxiety (A) and glycemia (G). Statistical analysis was made on the basis of the Student test. Results. HR: compared with AD, C values were significantly higher immediately pre- and post-stress. A and G: values in C were significantly higher compared to AD, immediately pre- and post-stress. Conclusions. 1) Influence of PS+N/D/E was significantly more intense on C versus AD, more intense on FC and A than on G. 2) FE type D increased and FE type E reduced physical stress, while N did not influence it. 3) Compared to C, PAD decreased the effect of FE type D and increased the FE type E effect. 4) PAD could be used as a modulator of FE impact on physical stress, and this involvement should be studied through further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Rhodiola rosea is a well-known adaptogen, and among its actions are those of antistress and anti-fatigue protection. Aims. The aim of the present research is the evaluation of the number of PubMed publications regarding Rhodiola rosea’s (RR) relationship with stress (S), physical fatigue (F) and endurance (E). Methods. Analysis was performed: a) for specific selected keyword combinations (KWC): “RR” (RR), “RR and stress” (R+S), “RR and cortisol” (R+C), “RR and anxiety” (R+A),”RR and physical fatigue” (R+F),”RR and endurance” (R+E); and for some filter and subfilters provided by the PubMed site. Results. A) Analysis of the number of publications (N). For RR, we found the largest: period of publication (54 years), N (743), average number of publications per publication period (13.76). Relative to RR, the highest % was for R+S (23.28%). B) Analysis of filters. a) Text availability. The percentage of the number of abstracts (A) was high and close to the coresponding N (NC). The highest % of RR was for R+S in A (23.52%), full text (FT) (27.8%) and free full text (FFT) (27.23%). b) Species. The highest number was for RR, both in animals (An) (322) and humans (H) (211). The highest % of RR was for R+S, both in An (24.53%) and H (32.7%). c) Sex. The highest number was for RR in H males (HM) (60), H females (HF) (45) and H males+females (HM+F) (74). The highest % of RR was for R+S in HM (28.33%), HF (31.11%) and HM+F (29.73%). Conclusions. 1) The number of publications for the KWC differed; it was the largest for RR and R+S, smaller for R+F and R+E, and the smallest for R+A and R+C. 2) For all KWC, the number of FFT publications was reduced compared to the total number of publications, the number of A and FT, with a predominance of FFT for R+C as a percentage of NC. 3) Apart from RR and R+S, in which animal research predominated, for all the other chosen KWC, research on human subjects was preferred. 4) Apart from R+F, in which research on females predominated, for all the other chosen KWC, research on subjects of both genders was preferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Fatigue is associated with low levels of Coenzyme Q10 (CQ10). Objectives. The objective is to highlight the influence of the Coenzyme Q10 Forte product (CoQ12F) on muscle soreness sensation (MSS) and muscle fatigue sensation (MFS), in acute intense physical stress. Methods. The selected subjects (n=42 men) were randomly divided into two groups, who received: placebo (P=21) and CoQ10F (CoQ=21), for 21 days before the physical stress. Stress was represented by physical exercise, carried out on a Excite+ Run MD treadmill, 240 watt. The following were analyzed: MSR, using the 100 mm visual analogue scale; and MFS, using the 5-point Likert scale. Statistical evaluation was made on the basis of Student test. Results. Parameters, in CoQ compared to P, were significantly reduced immediately after the stress: MSS (p=0.01) and MFS (p=0.002). There were differences in the dynamic developments between CoQ and P groups, for both parameters. CoQ10F influence was more intense on MSS than on MFS, immediately post-stress. Conclusions. 1) Under CoQ10F influence, compared to P, MSS and MFS were reduced after the stress. 2) CoQ10F influence was higher immediately post-stress for MSS and after 24 h, for MFS. 3) Due to these effects, CoQ10F could be largely used in acute intense physical stress in order to decrease muscle soreness sensation and muscle fatigue sensation. 4) Further studies of CoQ10F would be required to bring additional details in this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Coenzyme Q10 (CQ10) is essential for the production of body energy and for the functioning of organs, including the brain. Aims. The objective was to highlight the influence of CQ10 on the mental fatigue (MF) sensation and on mental energy (ME), in acute physical exercise. Methods. Untrained volunteer subjects (n=12 men) were subjected to the following protocol: a) the physical stress period (P1): for a week, daily physical exercises consisted of running on a treadmill, for 12 min; b) the treatment period (P2): 21 days of CQ10 administration, under conditions of physical rest; c) the physical stress period (P3): repeating P1. MF and ME were assessed at the following moments: T1 = at the beginning of P1; T2 = at the end of P1; T3 = at the beginning of P3; T4 = at the end of P3. MF and ME were analyzed using Mental Energy and Mental Fatigue Scales. Statistical evaluation was made on the basis of the Student test. Results. At T2 compared to T1: MF was significantly increased - MF (p=0.005) and ME was significantly diminished (p=0.003). At T4, compared to T2: MF was significantly diminished (p=0.03) and ME was significantly increased (p=0.01). There were no significant differences between: T1-T3, T1-T4. Conclusions. 1) Under CQ10 influence, MF and ME were significantly modified. 2) CQ10 acted efficiently both on MF and ME. 3) CQ10 efficiency was evidenced in post-exercise stress, at T4. 4) We consider that CQ10 may be useful in modulating MF and ME in acute exercise stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Plant supplements (PS) are more and more often used in sport (S), as well as in the profile research area. Aims. The aim was the evaluation of the PS+S relationship, through the analysis of PubMed publications over the last 28 years. Methods. The PS+S relationship over the period 1985-2013, in which, until March 2014, there were publications with this combination of keywords, was analyzed; two criteria of analysis were used: a) the criterion of time - average per year for the periods 1985-1989, 1999-1999, 2000-2009, and the number of publications per year for the years 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013; b) the criterion of PubMed filters, evaluating three PubMed filters - Text availability, Species and Sex - each of them with the corresponding subfilters. Results. There are differences: a) between averages over 28 years: for the total number of publications (N), abstracts (A) and full-text (FT), compared with free full-text (FFT), over all analyzed periods of time; b) between publications with human subjects (H) and those with animals (An); c) between studies on males (M), females (F) and both genders (MF). Conclusions. 1) The total number of publications over 28 years is important, 172. 2) The number of publications with FFT was reduced compared to N, A and FT. 3) Studies with H prevailed, compared to An, and the predominantly analyzed gender was M. 4) Given the growing number of publications on the relationship between herbal supplements and sport, we can deduce their importance in sports activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Dance (D) represents a type of sport that can lead to injuries, pain and that is associated with stress (S). Aims. The aim of the present research is the evaluation of research concerns for the relationship between stress and dance. Methods. An analysis of keyword combinations, namely: "stress and dance" (S+D), "stress and dance and injury" (S+D+I), "stress and dance and pain" (S+D+P), "stress and dance and cortisol" (S+D+C), "stress and dance and anxiety" (S+D+A) and "stress and dance and professional" (S+D+PS) was evaluated. Results. There were significant differences between the S+D and the other chosen keyword combinations, S+D+I (0.031), S+D+P (0.006), S+D+C (0.021), S+D+A (0.004) and S+D+PS (0.003). Conclusions. 1) The largest number of publications appeared in the "stress and dance and injuries" keyword combination, which proves the importance of dance and injuries connection. 2) Research concentrates on the connection between dance and pain, the proof being their numerical location, in second place. 3) The analysis of stress elements, such as cortisol and anxiety, can be found in studies relating to dance, the emotional component being more extensively analyzed. 4) The importance of professional dance can be found in the number of publications corresponding to this keyword association, as well as in the percentage of publications including the stress and dance association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Bioethica (2011) is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. Stress (S) and athletes (A) are subjects of research interest, but the S+A relationship has been little investigated. Aims. The aim of the present paper is the evaluation of research regarding the S+A relationship, by the retrospective analysis of PubMed publications over the past 62 years. Methods. The S+A relationship was analyzed in two types of investigations: A) Analysis of the keyword combination "stress and athletes" by the evaluation of three filters, each with corresponding sub-filters: Text availability, Species and Sex. B) Comparative analysis for the keyword combinations:"stress and athletes" (S+A), "stress and athletes and cortisol" (S+A+C), "stress and athletes and pain" (S+A+P),"stress and athletes and pain test" (S+A+PT) and "stress and athletes and VAS" (S+A+VAS). Results. There are significant differences between the averages per year over 62 years: a) for the total number of publications (N), those with abstract (A) and full-text (FT) respectively, compared to those with free full-text (FFT); b) between studies with human subjects and those with animal subjects; c) between S+A and the other chosen keyword combinations, S+A+C, S+A+P, S+A+PT, S+A+VAS. Conclusions. 1) The total number of publications over 62 years, with the keywords "stress and athletes", is representative, 2448. 2) For the S+A keyword combination, the number of FFT publications is low compared to N and A, which could be an impediment for detailed consultation by those with modest financial possibilities. 3) For studies with S+A keywords, human subjects of both genders were preferred. 4) The publications regarding the evaluation of stress in athletes (through cortisol) and of pain under stress conditions in athletes (through various tests, in particular VAS), although numerically modestly represented compared to the total number of publications relating to stress and athletes, are important, through the role attributed to these parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Lumbar pain has a medical, psycho-emotional and social importance. At present, more acccent is placed on pain phytotherapy. Of plants, Symphytum officinale (SO) is known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions. Aims. The objective of the study is to monitor the influence of moderate physical exertion on some sedentary subjects with subacute low back pain, after their treatment with a phytotherapic ointment containing SO (PSO), compared with non-treated control subjects. Methods. The chosen subjects (n=30) were selected based on the requirements of the study. Exercise consisted of pedaling on the Stepper 130 rpm/0-999 W/RUN 7414-15-T, 8 days, 3 min/test/day, at a strength that was increased by 11 watts/day. The analyzed indicators were local pain sensation (P) and anxiety (A). The chosen phytotherapy preparation was PSO. Statistical evaluation was done based on the Student test. Results. Following PSO administration, P decreased in the period prior to exercise, and P and A were significantly reduced during exercise, compared to the untreated group, at all testing times. Conclusions. 1) At the end of PSO ointment therapy, both after the first and the second period of phytotherapeutic preparation use, the sensation of pain was significantly reduced in subjects with subacute lumbar pain. 2) The pain sensation and anxiety were significantly reduced in subjects treated with PSO ointment compared with untreated subjects, under moderate physical exertion conditions by pedaling on a stepper. 3) OSP ointment phytotherapy provided antalgic and emotional protection in the treated subjects, in moderate exercise by stepper pedaling. 4) Given the results obtained with the PSO ointment, as well as its therapeutic qualities of good tolerance by the body, absence of toxicity and economic accessibility, we propose its use by subjects with subacute low back pain, as a form of pain therapy and antalgic protection, during rest and under moderate exercise conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ginseng (GSG) is one of the most popular herbs in oriental countries and has, among other effects, an anti-stress activity. We assess the impact of a phytotherapic product (PP), on anxiety and salivary cortisol, in stress caused by a difficult exam of exams students session. Chosen subjects were students, selected according to the requirements of the study. Stress has been represented by a difficult exam of session students exams. Anxiety and salivary cortisol were analyzed. The PP used contains GSG root. Statistical evaluation was made on the basis of Student test. Anxiety and salivary cortisol were significantly reduced immediately pre- and poststres in subjects who were administered the PP containing GSG, compared with subjects who did not follow the phytotherapic treatment. In stress caused by a difficult students session exam, increasing anxiety was anticipatory, pre-stress, and increasing salivary cortisol was more intense post-stress. Under PP containing GSG influence, anxiety and salivary cortisol were significantly reduced immediately pre - and post exam. Between GSG treated group and untreated group, there were differences on dynamic developments for anxiety and salivary cortisol, and the influence of used PP containing GSG was significantly more intense on anxiety than on salivary cortisol. The use of PP containing GSG, may be an effective, safe and accessible modulion path for stress caused by a difficult students session exam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Bioethica (2011) is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. The effect of green tea extract (GTE) on oxidative stress and on the fatigue state is a constant concern of research. Aims. The aim is to assess the influence of GTE on oxidative stress and muscle fatigue perception in moderate training and intense physical exercise stress in sedentary subjects, through the comparative investigation of two indicators, malondialdehyde (MDA) and muscle fatigue sensation (MFS). Methods. The chosen subjects (n = 24) were selected based on the requirements of the study. Training consisted of running on an Excite + Run MD treadmill, at 30 watts, daily, for a week. Stress was represented by acute, short duration physical exercise, carried out on the same treadmill. The analyzed indicators were MDA and MFS. The chosen phytotherapeutic preparation contained GTE. Statistical evaluation was done using the Student test. Results. Following the administration of GTE, MDA and MFS were reduced, more intensely pre- and post-exercise stress than during physical training, compared with subjects who did not receive any treatment. Conclusions. 1) Under the influence of GTE, oxidative stress and muscle fatigue sensation were significantly reduced in the case of moderate physical training as well as of acute exercise stress in sedentary subjects. 2) It was demonstrated that the GTE effect was significantly higher on stress induced by intense physical exercise than over the physical training period. 3) There were differences between the GTE treated group and the untreated control group regarding malondialdehyde and muscle fatigue sensation evolution. 4) We suggest the utility of GTE in the modulation of oxidative stress and muscle fatigue sensation, both for moderate physical training and stress caused by intense exercise, in sedentary people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Arnica Montana (AM) is known for its beneficial effects in trauma with blood extravasations. Aims. The objective of the study was to evaluate the AM influence on the sensation of pain and local edema from sports post-trauma ankle sprains, in sport amateur practitioners. Methods. The chosen subjects (n=40) were selected based on the requirements of the study and randomly distributed in three groups, to which the following were administered: conventional therapy (C), with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Diclofenac 25 mg (A); homeopathic therapy with AM 200 CH (H); both homeopathic therapy with AM 200 CH and local phytotherapy with two creams containing AM (HP), Artrin and Ruticelit. On days 1, 3, 6 and 12 of treatment the following were evaluated: pain sensation, on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the local edema size, by measuring the ankle sprain circumference. Statistical analysis was made on the basis of the Student t test. Results. Local pain and edema decreased more efficiently in H and HP compared to C, significant differences being on days 6 and 12 of therapy. Under the influence of AM 200 CH, alone or associated with AM creams, both the pain sensation and the inflammatory edema size were reduced more effectively, compared to A. Intra-group comparisons evidenced significant decreases both for the sensation of pain and the edema size in H and HP groups, on days 6 and 12. Intergroup comparisons showed significant differences on days 6 and 12 of treatment, between C-H and C-HP groups. Conclusions. The present study confirms the anti-inflammatory qualities of homeopathic and phytotherapic AM, the novelty being the use, in post-sport ankle sprain, of AM 200CH and its combination with two creams containing AM, Artrin and Ruticelit. In this combination, the effects on reducing the pain sensation and edema size, although without significant H-HP differences, were more effective in the examined amateur sport practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Music therapy (MT) has been shown to have a beneficial effect on anxiety and cortisol levels. Aims. The objective of the study is to highlight the modulation by MT of anxiety and salivary cortisol in stress induced by short term intense physical exercise, in sedentary subjects. Methods. The subjects (n=22) were selected according to the inclusion criteria of the study. Stress was represented by short term intense physical exercise, performed with a Monark Ergomedic 839E cycle ergometer. The analyzed indicators were anxiety and salivary cortisol. Selected music was Concert No. 21 by W. A. Mozart. Statistical analysis was made on the basis of the Student test. Results. Following administration of MT, anxiety and salivary cortisol were reduced immediately pre- and post-stress compared with subjects who did not follow any treatment. Conclusions. 1). Under the influence of MT, compared with the untreated subjects, anxiety and salivary cortisol were significantly reduced immediately pre- and post-exercise, in stress caused by short term intense physical exercise, in sedentary persons. 2). It was proven that the influence is significantly more intense on anxiety than on salivary cortisol in the moments immediately pre- and post-stress, in the case of MT. 3). There are differences between the experimental group of MT and the untreated control group regarding the dynamic evolution of anxiety, as well as salivary cortisol. 4). We suggest the use of MT in the modulation of stress caused by short term intense physical exercise in persons with a sedentary life-style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Phytotherapic products may influence the effect of stress on anxiety and salivary cortisol. Aims. The objective of the study is to highlight the phytotherapic modulation of dynamic peri -stress changes induced by intense short duration physical exercise on two parameters (anxiety and salivary cortisol), in sedentary subjects. Methods. The chosen subjects (n=24) were selected according to the requirements of the study. Stress was represented by intense short duration physical exercise, made with a Monark Ergomedic 839E cycle ergometer. The analyzed indicators were anxiety and salivary cortisol. The phytotherapic product (PP) used contained Rhodiola Rosea. Statistical evaluation was made on the basis of Student test. Results. Anxiety and salivary cortisol were reduced immediately pre- and post-stress in subjects who were administered the PP, compared with subjects who did not follow the phytotherapic treatment. Conclusions. 1) Anxiety and salivary cortisol were significantly reduced immediately pre- and post-exercise, in the case of stress caused by intense short duration physical exercise, in sedentary persons, under PP influence. 2) There were differences in dynamic developments between the PP treated group and the untreated group, for anxiety and salivary cortisol. 3) The influence of the PP used was significantly more intense on anxiety than on salivary cortisol, immediately pre- and poststress. 4) The PP used may be an effective, safe and accessible modulation path for stress caused by intense short duration physical exercise in sedentary persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Intense short duration exercise is a type of stress, especially for sedentary individuals. Aims. The objective of this study was to reveal dynamic changes comparatively, in stress caused by intense short duration exercise, for two parameters, in physically sedentary persons. Methods. The chosen subjects were selected to meet the requirements of the study. Stress was represented by intense short duration exercise, performed on a Monark Ergomedic 839E cycle ergometer. The parameters analyzed were heart rate and salivary cortisol. Evaluative statistics were based on Student t test. Results. Heart rate presented the most intense significant increase, immediately in the pre-exercise period. Salivary cortisol increased significantly immediately post-stress compared to the pre-stress time. Conclusions. 1) Intense short duration athletic stress has, in sedentary persons, an important impact on heart rate and salivary cortisol. 2) There were differences in the dynamic evolution between heart rate and salivary cortisol. 3) Heart rate variations have shown that in this type of stress, emotional changes are anticipatory. 4) Salivary cortisol changes show that changes in oxidative stress induced by analyzed exercise are more intense post-stress. 5) The results obtained are consistent with the latest bibliographic data on stress caused by exercise. 6) The two studied parameters could be considered important markers of stress induced by intense short duration exercise, for sedentary persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. A short duration and intense exercise constitutes a type of stress, especially for sedentary individuals. Aims. The objective of this study was to reveal dynamic changes comparatively, in stress, caused by intense and short duration exercise, for two parameters, in physically sedentary persons. Methods. The present study is one of orientation. Subjects chosen were selected to match the requirements of the study. The stress was represented by a short duration and intense exercise, made with a cicloergometru Monark 839e Ergomedic. The parameters analyzed were anxiety and malondialdehyde measured by colorimetric method (after Satoh). Evaluative statistics were based on Student t test. Results. Anxiety presented the most intense significant increase, immediately in the pre-exercise period. Malondialdehyde increased significantly immediately post-stress compared to the pre-stress time. Conclusions. 1) A short and intense athletic stress, has in previously sedentary persons, an important impact on anxiety and malondialdehyde. 2) There were differences of the dynamic evolution between anxiety and malondialdehyde. 3) Anxiety variations have shown that in this type of stress, emotional changes are anticipatory. 4) The malondialdehyde dynamic changes, as evidenced by this study, show that changes in oxidative stress induced by the analyzed exercise, are more intense post-stress. 5) The results obtained in this study are consistent with the latest bibliographic data of the stress caused by exercise. 6) The two studied parameters could be considered important markers of the stress caused by intense and short duration exercise, for sedentary persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This paper presents a plant recognized as an adaptogen, Panax Ginseng (PG), and another two with adaptive role, sometimes called "Ginseng", namely Lepidium meyenii (LM), also called Peruvian ginseng or Maca, and Angelica sinensis (AS), also called female ginseng or Dong Quai.a Objectives: The objective was to highlight the effect of PG, LM and AS, on muscle fatigue (MF) and glycemia (GL), in human physical effort. Methods: 40 healthy men were voluntarily enrolled in 4 groups: placebo (P=10), PG (=10), LM (=10), AS (=10). P, PG, LM, AS were administered for 21 days before an intense short duration exercise, the same for all groups: running on a treadmill, until the appearance of the MF sensation. Evaluation: MF with VAS scale; GL with a glucometer. Evaluation moments: before administration of P, PG, LM, AS (T1) and after the effort at 15 min (T1) and 4 hours (T3). Results: MF and GL were significantly increased for P, at T2 and T3 compared to T1. At T2 and T3, MF and GL were significantly increased at P compared to PG, LM and AS. There were no significant differences for MF and GL, between LM and AS at T2 and T3. There were moderate significant differences for ML and GL, between PG and LM and AS respectively, both at T2 and T3. The highest impact on MF and GL has PG, compared to LM and AS. The highest impact of all, PG, LM and AS, was on MF and on T2. Conclusions: (1) PG was more efficient for both MF and GL, compared to LM and AS. (2) MF and GL, were significantly reduced after PG, LM and AS administration. (3) PG, LM and AS acted more efficiently on MF than on GL, especially immediately after the effort. 4) We consider PG, LM and AS may be useful in modulating MF and GL, in intense short duration physical effort, but further research is needed to deepen the mechanisms and application details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]