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The most widely used equation to calculate water saturation or suitable shaly water saturation in clean or shaly formation, respectively, is the modified Archie formula. The quality of Archie parameters including saturation exponent affects the preciseness of water saturation, and thus estimated oil and gas in place. Therefore, estimating the saturation exponent by the soft computation methods deems to be necessary. In this study, intelligent models such as multilayer perceptron neural network, least squares support vector machine, radial basis function neural network, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system are developed to predict saturation exponent in terms of petrophysical data including porosity, absolute permeability, water saturation, true resistivity, and resistivity index by utilizing a databank for middle east oil and gas reservoirs. The introduced models are optimized using particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithm, and levenberg marquardt techniques. Graphical and statistical methods are used to demonstrate the capability of the constructed models. Based on the statistical indexes obtained for each model, it is found that radial basis function neural network, multilayer perceptron neural network, and least squares support vector machine are the most robust models as they possess the smallest mean squared error, root mean squared error and average absolute relative error as well as highest coefficient of determination. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis indicates that water saturation has the most effect and porosity has the least effect on the saturation exponent. The developed models are simple-to-use and time-consuming tools to predict saturation exponent without needing laboratory methods which are tedious and arduous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, with the aid of the density functional theory (DFT) method, we have investigated the possibility of applying the B3S monolayer (B3SML) for sensing and adsorption of some air pollutants containing SO2, CS2, CO2, CH2O, H2O, C2H2, and CF3H from the gaseous environment. The results showed that after the adsorption of SO2, H2O, and C2H2 by B3SML, big changes took place which led to a decrease of the λmax of each complex down to 1598.5 nm, 1418.0 nm, and 1580.0 nm, respectively. Therefore, the frequencies of the mentioned adsorption complexes rise and strong blueshifts occur. Moreover, the outcomes of the band gap estimations reveal that the B3SML could selectively detect the existence of C2H2 with a clearer and stronger electronic signal compared to all other gases. In addition, this nanosheet is able to sense CS2, CH2O, SO2, and H2O with good signals. Hence, it could not recognize the difference between CH2O and SO2 gases. Also, the results of the thermodynamic calculations indicate that B3SML would selectively adsorb and destruct SO2, C2H2, and H2O gases. Moreover, this sorbent could adsorb CH2O and CS2 species, but it would approximately not adsorb CO2 and CF3H. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn this instigation, the heat and mass transfer pattern on Eyring-Powell nanofluid with suspension of dust particles is focused. For heat transfer phenomenon, the Eyring-Powell nanofluid capturing the variable thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the variable and mass diffusivity assumptions are entertained for summarizing the observations chemical reaction phenomenon. The flow is endorsed to magnetic force impact. The additional impact of Brownian motion and thermophoresis consequences have been adopted. The numerical computations with shooting technique are performed. The physical aspects of parameters have been observed graphically. Based on depicted observations, it is examined that the fluid velocity reduces due to interaction velocity parameter which reverse trend is noted for dust particles velocity. The temperature profile for dusty fluid particles enhanced due to interaction parameter for temperature. Furthermore, the concentration profile reduces due to concentration interaction parameter. Current results present applications in solar energy, thermal processes, heat transform devices cooling systems, plasma, manufacturing processes, energy systems, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we have prepared a novel bis-Schiff-base copper(ii) complex by modifying Fe 3 O 4 with acetylacetone functionalities and subsequently forming a Schiff base with 2-picolylamine and CuCl 2 through a template method. Immobilization of 2,4-pentanedione and its reaction with 2-picolylamine enabled the synthesis of 1,3-diketimines (HNacNac) as an anionic ligand. This unique design resulted in a tetradentate N 4 coordination sphere for copper(ii) ion complexation. The resulting heterogeneous catalyst, [Fe 3 O 4 @Sil-Schiff-base-Cu(ii)], efficiently catalyzed the click condensation of diverse aryl nitriles with sodium azide to produce 5-substituted 1 H -tetrazoles in high yields and selectivity. The catalyst demonstrated remarkable stability and recyclability without appreciable loss of catalytic activity, as confirmed by hot filtration and reusability studies., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)