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In cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), a dominant Th2 profile associated with disease progression has been proposed. Moreover, although the production and regulation of IL-4 expression during the early stages of the disease may have important implications in later stages, these processes are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate the presence of TOX+ CD4+ T cells that produce IL-4+ in early-stage skin lesions of CTCL patients and reveal a complex mechanism by which the NLRP3 receptor promotes a Th2 response by controlling IL-4 production. Unassembled NLRP3 is able to translocate to the nucleus of malignant CD4+ T cells, where it binds to the human il-4 promoter. Accordingly, IL-4 expression is decreased by knocking down and increased by promoting the nuclear localization of NLRP3. We describe a positive feedback loop in which IL-4 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, thereby further increasing its production. IL-4 induced a potentially malignant phenotype measured based on TOX expression and proliferation. This mechanism of IL-4 regulation mediated by NLRP3 is amplified in late-stage CTCL associated with disease progression. These results indicate that NLRP3 might be a key regulator of IL-4 expression in TOX+ CD4+ T cells of CTCL patients and that this mechanism might have important implications in the progression of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Alergia de Mexico is the property of Coleg. Mexicano de Inmunologia Clinica y Alergia A.C.; Soc. Lat. de Alergia, Asma e Inmunologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are members of a heterogeneous family with a lymphoid origin that mimics the T helper (Th) cytokine profile. ILC are involved in early effector cytokine-mediated responses during infections in peripheral tissues. ILC also play an important role in chronic skin inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis. Although classical ILC express CD127, it has been recently reported that the presence of non-classical CD127- ILC populations and an early ILC precursor (EILP) CD127low. ILC development has predominately been investigated in mouse models. However, in humans, different transcription factors have been described for ILC identification. NFIL3 (nuclear factor, IL-3 regulated) is crucial for ILC development in response to IL-7. CD123 (IL-3Rα) is usually used to exclude basophils during ILC identification, however, it is unknown if in response to IL-3, NFIL3 could be relevant to induce ILC features in Lin- CD123+ populations in addition, is also unknown whether peripheral blood (PB) population with ILC features may have skin-homing potential to participate in skin inflammatory chronic diseases. Here, we report a Lin- CD123+ CD127low CD7+ CLA+ population that share some phenotypic properties with basophils, but expresses several transcription factors for ILC commitment such as inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2), NFIL3, promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), thymocyte selection-associated high-mobility group box protein (TOX), and T cell factor-1 (TCF-1). In addition, this population expresses different ILC markers: CD132, CD90, CD161, α4 integrin, c-Kit, CRTH2, AhR, and IL-23R. IL-3 prevents apoptosis and increases their NFIL3, TOX, and PLZF expression. In PB, the CD123+ CD127low population is predominantly a conspicuous population that expresses T-bet and RORγt. The Lin- CD123+ CD127low population in PB has a limited Th type cytokine expression and highly expresses IL-8. The Lin- CD123+ CD127low population expresses skin-homing receptors (cutaneous lymphocyte antigen and CXCR4) and transmigrates through endothelial cells in response to SDF-1. An equivalent Lin- CD123low population was identified in control skin, which shows a broader phenotypic diversity and cytokine production, including IL-22 and IL-17. Remarkably, the CD123low population in the lesion and non-lesion skin of psoriasis patients expresses IL-17 and IL-22. Our findings suggest the identification of an alternative Lin- CD123+ CD127low population with ILC features endowed with migratory capabilities that might contribute to immunopathological hallmarks of psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Medica del IMSS is the property of Direccion de Prestaciones Medicas - IMSS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), a dominant Th2 profile associated with disease progression has been proposed. Moreover, although the production and regulation of IL-4 expression during the early stages of the disease may have important implications in later stages, these processes are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate the presence of TOX + CD4 + T cells that produce IL-4 + in early-stage skin lesions of CTCL patients and reveal a complex mechanism by which the NLRP3 receptor promotes a Th2 response by controlling IL-4 production. Unassembled NLRP3 is able to translocate to the nucleus of malignant CD4 + T cells, where it binds to the human il-4 promoter. Accordingly, IL-4 expression is decreased by knocking down and increased by promoting the nuclear localization of NLRP3. We describe a positive feedback loop in which IL-4 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, thereby further increasing its production. IL-4 induced a potentially malignant phenotype measured based on TOX expression and proliferation. This mechanism of IL-4 regulation mediated by NLRP3 is amplified in late-stage CTCL associated with disease progression. These results indicate that NLRP3 might be a key regulator of IL-4 expression in TOX + CD4 + T cells of CTCL patients and that this mechanism might have important implications in the progression of the disease., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Huanosta-Murillo, Alcántara-Hernández, Hernández-Rico, Victoria-Acosta, Miranda-Cruz, Domínguez-Gómez, Jurado-Santacruz, Patiño-López, Pérez-Koldenkova, Palma-Guzmán, Licona-Limón, Fuentes-Pananá, Lemini-López and Bonifaz.)

Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are members of a heterogeneous family with a lymphoid origin that mimics the T helper (Th) cytokine profile. ILC are involved in early effector cytokine-mediated responses during infections in peripheral tissues. ILC also play an important role in chronic skin inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis. Although classical ILC express CD127, it has been recently reported that the presence of non-classical CD127 - ILC populations and an early ILC precursor (EILP) CD127 low . ILC development has predominately been investigated in mouse models. However, in humans, different transcription factors have been described for ILC identification. NFIL3 (nuclear factor, IL-3 regulated) is crucial for ILC development in response to IL-7. CD123 (IL-3Rα) is usually used to exclude basophils during ILC identification, however, it is unknown if in response to IL-3, NFIL3 could be relevant to induce ILC features in Lin - CD123 + populations in addition, is also unknown whether peripheral blood (PB) population with ILC features may have skin-homing potential to participate in skin inflammatory chronic diseases. Here, we report a Lin - CD123 + CD127 low CD7 + CLA + population that share some phenotypic properties with basophils, but expresses several transcription factors for ILC commitment such as inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2), NFIL3, promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), thymocyte selection-associated high-mobility group box protein (TOX), and T cell factor-1 (TCF-1). In addition, this population expresses different ILC markers: CD132, CD90, CD161, α4 integrin, c-Kit, CRTH2, AhR, and IL-23R. IL-3 prevents apoptosis and increases their NFIL3, TOX, and PLZF expression. In PB, the CD123 + CD127 low population is predominantly a conspicuous population that expresses T-bet and RORγt. The Lin - CD123 + CD127 low population in PB has a limited Th type cytokine expression and highly expresses IL-8. The Lin - CD123 + CD127 low population expresses skin-homing receptors (cutaneous lymphocyte antigen and CXCR4) and transmigrates through endothelial cells in response to SDF-1. An equivalent Lin - CD123 low population was identified in control skin, which shows a broader phenotypic diversity and cytokine production, including IL-22 and IL-17. Remarkably, the CD123 low population in the lesion and non-lesion skin of psoriasis patients expresses IL-17 and IL-22. Our findings suggest the identification of an alternative Lin - CD123 + CD127 low population with ILC features endowed with migratory capabilities that might contribute to immunopathological hallmarks of psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a worldwide prevalence between 6 and 39% in moderate to severe forms. In European countries like Germany and England was identified that only one third of patients with moderate to severe forms will receive systemic management, this fact motivated to integrate into Europe an international consensus on treatment goals with the aim of providing support to the dermatologist by algorithms that serve as a therapeutic guide that allows you to gain control short and long term effects of this disease. The European group met to develop the definitions of severity of psoriasis, treatment goals for moderate to severe disease, and optimization options and / or therapeutic transition than a paper published in 2011 was obtained. In Mexico a working group of experts on biological therapy (GTEB), made up of 10 members and an extended group of 150 dermatologists' voters in the country for the purpose of issuing Mexico's position on the proposals of the European group was formed. In this document the findings of the Working Group of Experts on Biological Therapy in Mexico are listed.