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Ensuring personal safety and preventing accidents are critical aspects of power construction safety supervision. However, current monitoring methods are inefficient and unreliable as most of them rely on manual monitoring and transmission, which results in slow detection and delayed warnings regarding violations. To overcome these challenges, we propose an intelligent detection system that can accurately identify instances of illegal wearing of power construction workers in real-time. Firstly, we integrated the squeeze-and-excitation (SE) module into our convolutional neural network to enhance detection accuracy. This module effectively prioritizes informative features while suppressing less relevant ones, resulting in improved overall performance. Secondly, we present an embedded real-time detection system that utilizes Jetson Xavier NX and Edge-YOLO. This system promptly detects and alerts power construction workers of instances of illegal wearing behavior. To ensure a lightweight implementation, we design appropriate detection heads based on target size and distribution, reducing model parameters while enhancing detection speed and minimizing accuracy loss. Additionally, we employed data augmentation to enhance the system’s robustness. Our experimental results demonstrate that our improved Edge-YOLO model achieves high detection precision and recall rates of 0.964 and 0.966, respectively, with a frame rate of 35.36 frames per second when deployed on Jetson Xavier NX. Therefore, Edge-YOLO proves to be an ideal choice for intelligent real-time detection systems, providing superior accuracy and speed performance compared to the original YOLOv5s model and other models in the YOLO series for safety monitoring at construction sites.

In this study, a method for testing the aging of silicone rubber insulators using terahertz waves in the 0.17–0.22 THz frequency band is proposed, aiming at the problem of online non-destructive testing of the aging degree of composite insulators. The relationship between the aging degree of silicone rubber composite insulators and the relative dielectric constant was studied through first-principles calculations and molecular chain scission models. In addition, the electromagnetic model of the terahertz signal incident on the silicon rubber sheet was simulated and the relationship between the aging degree of the silicon rubber and the terahertz input return loss was obtained. Eleven insulator samples with different degrees of aging were selected. In these samples, the degree of aging was calibrated according to the degree of surface deterioration and the average partial discharge voltage. The terahertz return loss measurement experiment was performed after that. Finally, the results of experiment and calculation simulation were compared and the reliability of the relationship between the aging degree of the silicone rubber insulator and the terahertz input return loss was verified.