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With the rapid development of the Internet, the trend of monetization of self-publishing has emerged. Under this trend, many self media operators want to achieve greater benefits by 'Follow the flow'. The theme of this study is to clarify the causalities, meanings and results behind the phenomenon of 'following the flow' by reviewing and combing the relevant literature, as well as in the form of a questionnaire, and analyzing the collected data. According to the analysis, the four main ways of cashing in for operators under this trend are clarified, which are live-streaming with goods, fan reward, advertising implantation, and paid knowledge cashing. It also clarifies the means to get more revenue by following the flow based on these ways of realizing. The analysis of the negative and positive effects behind these methods and means clarifies the causes of 'Follow the flow' for self-media account operators. Overall, these results clarify the situation of 'cashing in on flow' for self-publishing account operators in today's era of self-publishing popularity. Besides, this paper paves a path for operating their accounts and publishing content to provide informative guidelines for practice.

We propose a joint modeling approach to investigate the observed and latent risk factors of the multivariate failure times of interest. The proposed model comprises two parts. The first part is a distribution-free confirmatory factor analysis model that characterizes the latent factors by correlated multiple observed variables. The second part is a multivariate additive hazards model that assesses the observed and latent risk factors of the failure times. A hybrid procedure that combines the borrow-strength estimation approach and the asymptotically distribution-free generalized least square method is developed to estimate the model parameters. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are derived. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed method performs well for practical settings. An application to a study concerning the risk factors of multiple diabetic complications is provided.

Mate-choice copying occurs when people rely on the mate choices of others (social information) to inform their own mate decisions. The present study investigated women's strategic trade-off between such social learning and using the personal information of a potential mate. We conducted two experiments to investigate how mate-choice copying was affected by the personal information (e.g., trait/financial information, negative/positive valence of this information, and attractiveness) of a potential male mate in short-/long-term mate selection. The results demonstrated that when women had no trait/financial information other than photos of potential mates, they showed mate-choice copying, but when women obtained personality trait or financial situation information (no matter negative or positive) of a potential mate, their mate-choice copying disappeared; this effect was only observed for low-attractiveness and long-term potential partners. These results demonstrated human social learning strategies in mate selection through a trade-off between social information and personal information.

The lasso is a commonly used regularization method that is increasing used in structural equation models (SEMs). Under the Bayesian framework, lasso is rendered more flexible and readily produces e...

This is a pre-registration of a study using a network approach to explore the influence of online self-compassion intervention on individual mental health. Data has been collected.

The exploratory and confirmatory approaches of factor analysis lie on two ends of a continuum of substantive input for scale development. Recent advancements in Bayesian regularization methods enable more flexibility in covering a wide range of the substantive continuum. Based on the Bayesian Lasso (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) methods for the regression model and covariance matrix, this research proposes a partially confirmatory approach to address the loading and residual structures at the same time. With at least one specified loading per item, a one-step procedure can be applied to figure out both structures simultaneously. With a few specified loadings per factor, a two-step procedure is preferred to capture the model configuration correctly. In both cases, the Bayesian hierarchical formulation is implemented using Markov Chain Monte Carlo estimation with different Lasso or regular priors. Both simulated and real data sets were analyzed to evaluate the validity, robustness, and practical usefulness of the proposed approach across different situations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

In confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), post hoc model modification (PMM) indexes are often used to adjust for possible residual correlations between items. Although the approach is useful for impro...

To test prospective pathways of a Comprehensive Reminder System based on the Health Belief Model (CRS-HBM), stroke knowledge, health belief in health behaviour, blood pressure (BP) control, and disability in hypertensive ischaemic stroke patients at 6-month postdischarge.A nested cohort study design.Data were derived from a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of the intervention (N = 174, performed during February 2015 - March 2016). Data were collected by questionnaires and analysed in structural equation modelling in Mplus software.The proposed model provided a good fit to the data. This model accounted for 51.5% of the variance in health behaviour, 34.1% in BP control, and 5.7% in modified Rankin Scale score at 6-month postdischarge. The CRS-HBM had: (a) direct positive effect (β = .391, p .001) and indirect positive effects (β = .186, p = .002) on health behaviour; (b) direct positive effect (β = .356, p .001) and indirect positive effects (β = .183, p = .009) on BP control; and (c) indirect negative effect (β = -.146, p = .008) on disability. Being female was linked to better health behaviour. Higher education predicted higher level of stroke knowledge and health belief.The CRS-HBM can not only directly but also indirectly improve patients' health behaviours by improving their health knowledge or health belief. Better health behaviour can improve patients' BP control and reduce disability. Therefore, nurses need to pay more attention to not only patients' health knowledge but also their health belief when providing education.The CRS-HBM intervention accounted for 51.5% of variance in health behaviour, 34.1% in BP control, and 5.7% in modified Rankin Scale score at 6-month postdischarge. This research can help nurses improve health education strategies in postdischarge and community contexts to achieve better health results.目的: 检验高血压缺血性脑卒中患者出院后6个月的基于健康信念模式的综合提醒系统(CRS-HBM)、脑卒中知识、健康行为方面健康信念、血压(BP)控制和残疾的前瞻性路径。 设计: 采用巢式队列研究设计。 方法: 数据来源于一项评估干预效果的随机对照试验(N=174,于2015年2月至2016年3月开展)。通过问卷调查收集数据,并在Mplus软件中进行结构方程建模分析。 结果: 所建模型与数据拟合良好。出院后6个月,该模型占健康行为变化的51.5%,血压控制的34.1%,改良的Rankin量表评分的5.7%。基于健康信念模式的综合提醒系统:对健康行为有(a)直接积极影响(β= .391,p.001)和间接积极影响(β= .186,p = .002);对血压控制有(b)直接积极影响(β= .356,p.001)和间接积极影响(β= .183,p = .009);对残疾有(c)间接负面影响(β= −.146,p = .008)。女性性别与更好的健康行为有关。高等教育对脑卒中知识和健康信念的预测水平较高。 结论: 基于健康信念模式的综合提醒系统可通过提高患者的健康知识或健康信念,直接或间接地改善患者的健康行为。良好的健康行为有助于改善患者的血压控制,降低残疾发生率。因此,护士在进行健康教育时,不仅要多多关注患者的健康知识,更要重视病人的健康信念。 影响: 出院后6个月,基于健康信念模式的综合提醒系统干预占健康行为变化的51.5%,血压控制的34.1%,改良的Rankin量表得分的5.7%。本项研究可帮助护士在患者出院后及社区环境中改进健康教育策略,以取得更好的健康结果。.

Objective Spontaneous K-complexes (SKCs), a hallmark of stage 2 sleep, have been reported to decrease in density in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, few former studies have explored the alterations in SKC characteristics in the pre-clinical phase of AD—amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). The aim of our prospective cohort study was to investigate the changing trend in SKC characteristics during the progression of aMCI. Methods SKC density, amplitude and duration were measured in aMCI subjects and normal controls (NC) at two-year follow-up assessments by polysomnography (PSG). In sum, 22 NCs, 25 stable aMCI (sMCI) subjects and 20 progressive aMCI (pMCI) subjects finished the four follow-up PSG assessments, and their data were used for analysis. Results SKC density and amplitude, but not duration, decreased during the follow-up assessments in both NCs and aMCI subjects, but the rate of decrease of these parameters was greater in aMCI subjects. With the progression of aMCI, significant differences in SKC density and amplitude among the three groups were observed, whereas SKC density showed no difference at the early stage of aMCI. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve results demonstrated that SKC density and amplitude could distinguish aMCI subjects from NCs with high specificity and sensitivity. Conclusion Our results suggest that SKCs decrease with ageing and the progression of aMCI, and SKC characteristics may be potential biomarkers for diagnosing aMCI.

Ansari et al. (Psychometrika 67:49-77, 2002) applied a multilevel heterogeneous model for confirmatory factor analysis to repeated measurements on individuals. While the mean and factor loadings in this model vary across individuals, its factor structure is invariant. Allowing the individual-level residuals to be correlated is an important means to alleviate the restriction imposed by configural invariance. We relax the diagonality assumption of residual covariance matrix and estimate it using a formal Bayesian Lasso method. The approach improves goodness of fit and avoids ad hoc one-at-a-time manipulation of entries in the covariance matrix via modification indexes. We illustrate the approach using simulation studies and real data from an ecological momentary assessment.

Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), an acute-phase protein, has been reported to be increased in the brain and blood of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, few previous studies have focused on amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients. The aim of our study was to investigate the changing trend in ACT concentrations during the progression of aMCI. Hence, we measured the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum levels of ACT in aMCI subjects and normal controls (NC) at 2-year follow-up assessments using ELISA and Western blot. Forty-four NCs, 28 stable aMCI (sMCI) patients, and 20 progressive aMCI (pMCI) patients finished the follow-up assessments, and their data were used for analysis. We found that CSF and serum ACT levels of both sMCI and pMCI patients increased over time, while those of NCs remained stable; CSF and serum ACT levels were significantly higher in both sMCI and pMCI patients than in NCs, except for baseline serum ACT. In pMCI patients prior to developing AD, CSF and serum ACT levels were already significantly higher than those in sMCI patients. The ROC curve results demonstrated that combining CSF and serum ACT levels can distinguish aMCI patients from NCs with high specificity and sensitivity. Our data suggest that ACT may be a biomarker for diagnosing aMCI.

Three studies were conducted to develop an age-appropriate scale to assess children’s self-compassionate reactions by using a vignette technique. In Study 1, a scale employing vignette technique was developed first based on self-compassion theory and interview with children. Next, based on further item analysis with 161 children, two items were eliminated and three were modified to form the Self-Compassionate Reactions Scale for Children (SCRS-C), including 4 vignettes and 24 items. In Study 2, serial CFAs (N = 637) were conducted to investigate the structure, factorial invariance, and equivalence across gender of the SCRS-C. The reliability, convergent and discriminate validity, and concurrent validity were also examined. Study 3 explored the test-retest reliability of the scale over 6 weeks (N = 77). A two second-order factor model (compassionate and uncompassionate reaction) with six first-order factors (self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness, self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification) was found to best fit the data. In addition, the factorial invariance of the second-order factor structure across gender was verified, and the internal consistency reliability was satisfactory. The scale showed satisfactory convergent, discriminate and concurrent validity and test-retest reliability. The SCRS-C shows promise as a reliable and valid scale of self-compassion suited for children aged 9–12 for both boys and girls.

The Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale is a 31-item self-report measure to assess mindful parenting, and has been revised into a Dutch, Portuguese, and Hong Kong version. The aim of this research was to explore the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting scale (IM-P-C) in Mainland China. The Chinese version was translated from the original English version in the preliminary study. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and measurement invariance analysis across gender, test-retest reliability were examined consecutively in study 1 (n = 183), 2 (n = 294), and 3 (n = 48). In study 4, its factor structure was examined in a clinical sample (n = 288). A four-factor structure was found in study 1 and the scale scores showed adequate internal consistency. The four-factor structure was confirmed with a new sample in study 2. Measurement invariance analysis across gender suggested that both fathers and mothers interpreted the IM-P-C in a similar manner. Significant correlations were found between the IM-P-C and measures of over-reactivity, parental warmth, anxiety, depression, life satisfaction, and dispositional mindfulness. In study 3, results exhibited temporal stability over a period of 2 weeks. In study 4, the IM-P-C was validated in parents of children with autism. The present research demonstrated that mindful parenting in a Chinese population can be measured through the assessment of four dimensions (Interacting with Full Attention, Compassion and Acceptance, Self-regulation in Parenting, Emotional Awareness of Child) and confirmed that the Chinese version is an adequate measure for the studies of mindful parenting in Mainland China.

Latent Markov models (LMMs) are widely used in the analysis of heterogeneous longitudinal data. However, most existing LMMs are developed in fully observed data without missing entries. The main ob...

An increasing number of studies have focused on models that integrate moderation and mediation. Four approaches can be used to test integrated mediation and moderation models: path analysis (PA), product indicator analysis (PI, constrained approach and unconstrained approach), and latent moderated structural equations (LMS). To the best of our knowledge, few studies have compared the performances of PA, PI, and LMS in evaluating integrated mediation and moderation models. As a result, it is difficult for applied researchers to choose an appropriate method in their data analysis. This study investigates the performance of different approaches in analyzing the models, using the second-stage moderated mediation model as a representative model to be evaluated. Four approaches with bootstrapped standard errors are compared under different conditions. Moreover, LMS with robust standard errors and Bayesian estimation of LMS and PA were also considered. Results indicated that LMS with robust standard errors is the superior evaluation method in all study settings. And PA estimates could be severely underestimated as they ignore measurement errors. Furthermore, it is found that the constrained PI and unconstrained PI only provide acceptable estimates when the multivariate normal distribution assumption is satisfied. The practical guidelines were also provided to illustrate the implementation of LMS. This study could help to extend the application of LMS in psychology and social science research.

Although symmetry, averageness, and sexual dimorphism are usually considered important to facial attractiveness, there are mixed findings regarding whether and how symmetry influences facial attractiveness. The present study introduced “facial normality” to explain the inconsistency of previous research. We hypothesized that symmetry only increased facial attractiveness when it improved facial normality. We manipulated symmetry and normality simultaneously on sixteen Chinese male faces and asked participants to rate the perceived symmetry, perceived normality, and facial attractiveness. The results demonstrated an interactive effect of symmetry and normality on facial attractiveness. The structural equation model results showed two paths from symmetry to facial attractiveness: (1) Symmetry reduced facial attractiveness by decreasing perceived normality; (2) Symmetry increased facial attractiveness by increasing the perceived symmetry and then improving perceived normality. In other words, perceived normality acted as a mediator between symmetry and facial attractiveness. The present study provides a solution to the different effects of symmetry on facial attractiveness in previous studies and suggests that future studies on symmetry and facial attractiveness should consider the mediating role of normality.

In this paper, a novel fall detection algorithm based infrared image is proposed. Firstly, the RetinexNet algorithm is adopted for the infrared image pre-processing and enhancement, then the YOLOv3 algorithm is improved by adding three bounding boxes to achieve the task of falling posture detection and recognition, finally a fall data set collected by ourselves is utilized to train and test the algorithm. The experimental results shows that our proposed algorithm achieves excellent fall detection accuracy result and outperforms the traditional YOLOv3 algorithm, the average accuracy of our proposed algorithm is more than 90.86%, which meets the requirements of the fall detection task quite well.

Researchers have puzzled over the phenomenon in sensorimotor timing that people tend to tap ahead of time. When synchronizing movements (e.g., finger taps) with an external sequence (e.g., a metronome), humans typically tap tens of milliseconds before event onsets, producing the elusive negative asynchrony. Here, we present 24 metronome-tapping data sets from 8 experiments with different experimental settings, showing that less negative asynchrony is associated with lower tapping variability. Further analyses reveal that this negative mean-SD correlation of asynchrony is likely to be observed for sequence types appropriate for synchronization, as indicated by the statistically negative lag 1 autocorrelation of inter-response intervals. The reported findings indicate an association between negative asynchrony and timing variability.

We investigated the interactive effect of facial appearance and reputation based on past behavior on trust belief and trust behavior in a one-shot standard Trust Game with Chinese participants. The faces and behavioral statements of partners were sequentially displayed to the participants. The participants had to evaluate the partners' perceived trustworthiness and decide how much money they would invest, as well as how much money they would expect the counterpart to return. The results showed that the Chinese participants' economic decisions were influenced by partner facial appearance. We also found an interactive effect of facial appearance and behavioral statements, and a significant interaction of sequence and behavioral statements. Behavioral statements alone had an effect on perceived trustworthiness only when they were shown first, but they had no effect when the faces were displayed first. Behavioral statements had an effect only through their interaction with the faces. However, faces can affect perceived trustworthiness alone, regardless of sequence. Finally, we proposed a model for illustrating the relationships among facial appearance, behavioral statements, perceived trustworthiness, investment amount, and the amount of expected return.

The processing of social stimuli, such as human faces, is impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which could be accounted for by their lack of social motivation. The current study examined how the attentional processing of faces in children with ASD could be modulated by the learning of face-reward associations. Sixteen high-functioning children with ASD and 20 age- and ability-matched typically developing peers participated in the experiments. All children started with a reward learning task, in which the children were presented with three female faces that were attributed with positive, negative, and neutral values, and were required to remember the faces and their associated values. After this, they were tested on the recognition of the learned faces and a visual search task in which the learned faces served as the distractor. We found a modulatory effect of the face-reward associations on the visual search but not the recognition performance in both groups despite the lower efficacy among children with ASD in learning the face-reward associations. Specifically, both groups responded faster when one of the distractor faces was associated with positive or negative values than when the distractor face was neutral, suggesting an efficient attentional processing of these reward-associated faces. Our findings provide direct evidence for the perceptual-level modulatory effect of reward learning on the attentional processing of faces in individuals with ASD. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1797–1807. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary In our study, we tested whether the face processing of individuals with ASD could be changed when the faces were associated with different social meanings. We found no effect of social meanings on face recognition, but both groups responded faster in the visual search task when one of the distractor faces was associated with positive or negative values than when the neutral face. The findings suggest that children with ASD could efficiently process faces associated with different values like typical children.