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4. Ideas and perspectives: Strengthening the biogeosciences in environmental research networks

Author

Richter, Daniel D, Billings, Sharon A, Groffman, Peter M, Kelly, Eugene F, Lohse, Kathleen A, McDowell, William H, White, Timothy S, Anderson, Suzanne, Baldocchi, Dennis D, Banwart, Steve, Brantley, Susan, Braun, Jean J, Brecheisen, Zachary S, Cook, Charles W, Hartnett, Hilairy E, Hobbie, Sarah E, Gaillardet, Jerome, Jobbagy, Esteban, Jungkunst, Hermann F, Kazanski, Clare E, Krishnaswamy, Jagdish, Markewitz, Daniel, O'Neill, Katherine, Riebe, Clifford S, Schroeder, Paul, Siebe, Christina, Silver, Whendee L, Thompson, Aaron, Verhoef, Anne, and Zhang, Ganlin

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

Long-term environmental research networks are one approach to advancing local, regional, and global environmental science and education. A remarkable number and wide variety of environmental research networks operate around the world today. These are diverse in funding, infrastructure, motivating questions, scientific strengths, and the sciences that birthed and maintain the networks. Some networks have individual sites that were selected because they had produced invaluable long-term data, while other networks have new sites selected to span ecological gradients. However, all long-term environmental networks share two challenges. Networks must keep pace with scientific advances and interact with both the scientific community and society at large. If networks fall short of successfully addressing these challenges, they risk becoming irrelevant. The objective of this paper is to assert that the biogeosciences offer environmental research networks a number of opportunities to expand scientific impact and public engagement. We explore some of these opportunities with four networks: the International Long-Term Ecological Research Network programs (ILTERs), critical zone observatories (CZOs), Earth and ecological observatory networks (EONs), and the FLUXNET program of eddy flux sites. While these networks were founded and expanded by interdisciplinary scientists, the preponderance of expertise and funding has gravitated activities of ILTERs and EONs toward ecology and biology, CZOs toward the Earth sciences and geology, and FLUXNET toward ecophysiology and micrometeorology. Our point is not to homogenize networks, nor to diminish disciplinary science. Rather, we argue that by more fully incorporating the integration of biology and geology in long-term environmental research networks, scientists can better leverage network assets, keep pace with the ever-changing science of the environment, and engage with larger scientific and public audiences.

Published
2018

7. Combatting Climate Disinformation: Comparing the Effectiveness of Correction Placement and Type.

Author

Christner, Clara, Merz, Pascal, Barkela, Berend, Jungkunst, Hermann, and von Sikorski, Christian

Subjects
RIGHT-wing populism, DISINFORMATION, CLIMATE change, ATTITUDE (Psychology), LOGIC
Abstract

In this study, we investigated whether corrections can combat climate disinformation. Using a preregistered quota-based online experiment in Germany (N = 1401), we tested how the effectiveness of disinformation correction in reducing climate misperceptions was influenced by correction placement (prebunking or debunking) and correction type (focused on facts, logic, or the combination of both). We investigated how populist radical-right (PRR) attitudes moderate the effect of disinformation correction and whether correction alleviates the negative effects of disinformation on efficacy beliefs to mitigate climate change (EBMCC) through reduced misperceptions. All debunking conditions and the logic-focused prebunking condition significantly reduced climate misperceptions. Prebunking was only effective under the logic-focused correction condition. We found no moderating effect of PRR attitudes on climate misperceptions, suggesting that corrections similarly benefitted all participants. In addition, a significant indirect effect of corrections was observed on EBMCC via climate misperceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. A root mucilage analogue from chia seeds reduces soil gas diffusivity.

Author

Haupenthal, Adrian, Duddek, Patrick, Benard, Pascal, Knott, Mathilde, Carminati, Andrea, Jungkunst, Hermann F., Kroener, Eva, and Brüggemann, Nicolas

Subjects
OXYGEN in water, SOIL air, PLANT exudates, MUCILAGE, SOIL texture
Abstract

Gas exchange in the soil is determined by the size and connectivity of air‐filled pores. Root mucilage reduces air‐filled pore connectivity and thus gas diffusivity. It is unclear to what extent mucilage affects soil pore connectivity and tortuosity. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of gas diffusion processes in the rhizosphere by explaining the geometric alterations of the soil pore space induced by mucilage. We quantified the effect of a root mucilage analogue collected from chia seeds without intrinsic respiratory activity on oxygen diffusion at different water contents during drying–rewetting cycles in a diffusion chamber experiment. Quantification of oxygen diffusion showed that mucilage decreased the gas diffusion coefficient in dry soil without affecting air‐filled porosity. Without mucilage, a hysteresis in gas diffusion coefficient during a drying–rewetting cycle was observed. The effect depended on particle size and diminished with increasing mucilage content. X‐ray computed tomography imaging indicated a hysteresis in the connectivity of the gas phase during a drying–rewetting cycle for samples without mucilage. This effect was attenuated with increasing mucilage content. Furthermore, electron microscopy showed that mucilage structures formed in drying soil increase with mucilage content, thereby progressively reducing the connectivity of the gas phase. In conclusion, the effect of mucilage on soil gas diffusion highly depends on soil texture and mucilage content. The diminishing hysteresis with the addition of mucilage suggests that plant roots secrete mucilage to balance oxygen availability and water content, even under fluctuating moisture conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Early stage litter decomposition across biomes

Author

Caliman, Adriano, Paquette, Alain, Gutiérrez-Girón, Alba, Humber, Alberto, Valdecantos, Alejandro, Petraglia, Alessandro, Alexander, Heather, Augustaitis, Algirdas, Saillard, Amélie, Fernández, Ana Carolina Ruiz, Sousa, Ana I., Lillebø, Ana I., da Rocha Gripp, Anderson, Francez, André-Jean, Fischer, Andrea, Bohner, Andreas, Malyshev, Andrey, Andrić, Andrijana, Smith, Andy, Stanisci, Angela, Seres, Anikó, Schmidt, Anja, Avila, Anna, Probst, Anne, Ouin, Annie, Khuroo, Anzar A., Verstraeten, Arne, Palabral-Aguilera, Arely N., Stefanski, Artur, Gaxiola, Aurora, Muys, Bart, Bosman, Bernard, Ahrends, Bernd, Parker, Bill, Sattler, Birgit, Yang, Bo, Juráni, Bohdan, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Ortiz, Carmen Eugenia Rodriguez, Christiansen, Casper T., Carol Adair, E., Meredieu, Céline, Mony, Cendrine, Nock, Charles A., Chen, Chi-Ling, Wang, Chiao-Ping, Baum, Christel, Rixen, Christian, Delire, Christine, Piscart, Christophe, Andrews, Christopher, Rebmann, Corinna, Branquinho, Cristina, Polyanskaya, Dana, Delgado, David Fuentes, Wundram, Dirk, Radeideh, Diyaa, Ordóñez-Regil, Eduardo, Crawford, Edward, Preda, Elena, Tropina, Elena, Groner, Elli, Lucot, Eric, Hornung, Erzsébet, Gacia, Esperança, Lévesque, Esther, Benedito, Evanilde, Davydov, Evgeny A., Ampoorter, Evy, Bolzan, Fabio Padilha, Varela, Felipe, Kristöfel, Ferdinand, Maestre, Fernando T., Maunoury-Danger, Florence, Hofhansl, Florian, Kitz, Florian, Sutter, Flurin, Cuesta, Francisco, de Almeida Lobo, Francisco, de Souza, Franco Leandro, Berninger, Frank, Zehetner, Franz, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Vourlitis, George, Carreño-Rocabado, Geovana, Arena, Gina, Pinha, Gisele Daiane, González, Grizelle, Canut, Guylaine, Lee, Hanna, Verbeeck, Hans, Auge, Harald, Pauli, Harald, Nacro, Hassan Bismarck, Bahamonde, Héctor A., Feldhaar, Heike, Jäger, Heinke, Serrano, Helena C., Verheyden, Hélène, Bruelheide, Helge, Meesenburg, Henning, Jungkunst, Hermann, Jactel, Hervé, Shibata, Hideaki, Kurokawa, Hiroko, Rosas, Hugo López, Rojas Villalobos, Hugo L., Yesilonis, Ian, Melece, Inara, Van Halder, Inge, Quirós, Inmaculada García, Makelele, Isaac, Senou, Issaka, Fekete, István, Mihal, Ivan, Ostonen, Ivika, Borovská, Jana, Roales, Javier, Shoqeir, Jawad, Lata, Jean-Christophe, Theurillat, Jean-Paul, Probst, Jean-Luc, Zimmerman, Jess, Vijayanathan, Jeyanny, Tang, Jianwu, Thompson, Jill, Doležal, Jiří, Sanchez-Cabeza, Joan-Albert, Merlet, Joël, Henschel, Joh, Neirynck, Johan, Knops, Johannes, Loehr, John, von Oppen, Jonathan, Þorláksdóttir, Jónína Sigríður, Löffler, Jörg, Cardoso-Mohedano, José-Gilberto, Benito-Alonso, José-Luis, Torezan, Jose Marcelo, Morina, Joseph C., Jiménez, Juan J., Quinde, Juan Dario, Alatalo, Juha, Seeber, Julia, Stadler, Jutta, Kriiska, Kaie, Coulibaly, Kalifa, Fukuzawa, Karibu, Szlavecz, Katalin, Gerhátová, Katarína, Lajtha, Kate, Käppeler, Kathrin, Jennings, Katie A., Tielbörger, Katja, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Green, Ken, Yé, Lambiénou, Pazianoto, Laryssa Helena Ribeiro, Dienstbach, Laura, Williams, Laura, Yahdjian, Laura, Brigham, Laurel M., van den Brink, Liesbeth, Rustad, Lindsey, Zhang, Lipeng, Morillas, Lourdes, Xiankai, Lu, Carneiro, Luciana Silva, Di Martino, Luciano, Villar, Luis, Bader, Maaike Y., Morley, Madison, Lebouvier, Marc, Tomaselli, Marcello, Sternberg, Marcelo, Schaub, Marcus, Santos-Reis, Margarida, Glushkova, Maria, Torres, María Guadalupe Almazán, Giroux, Marie-Andrée, de Graaff, Marie-Anne, Pons, Marie-Noëlle, Bauters, Marijn, Mazón, Marina, Frenzel, Mark, Didion, Markus, Wagner, Markus, Hamid, Maroof, Lopes, Marta L., Apple, Martha, Schädler, Martin, Weih, Martin, Gualmini, Matteo, Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A., Bierbaumer, Michael, Danger, Michael, Liddell, Michael, Mirtl, Michael, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Růžek, Michal, Carbognani, Michele, Di Musciano, Michele, Matsushita, Michinari, Zhiyanski, Miglena, Pușcaș, Mihai, Barna, Milan, Ataka, Mioko, Jiangming, Mo, Alsafran, Mohammed, Carnol, Monique, Barsoum, Nadia, Tokuchi, Naoko, Eisenhauer, Nico, Lecomte, Nicolas, Filippova, Nina, Hölzel, Norbert, Ferlian, Olga, Romero, Oscar, Pinto, Osvaldo B., Jr, Peri, Pablo, Weber, Paige, Vittoz, Pascal, Turtureanu, Pavel Dan, Fleischer, Peter, Macreadie, Peter, Haase, Peter, Reich, Peter, Petřík, Petr, Choler, Philippe, Marmonier, Pierre, Muriel, Priscilla, Ponette, Quentin, Guariento, Rafael Dettogni, Canessa, Rafaella, Kiese, Ralf, Hewitt, Rebecca, Rønn, Regin, Adrian, Rita, Kanka, Róbert, Weigel, Robert, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Martins, Rodrigo Lemes, Georges, Romain, Meneses, Rosa Isela, Gavilán, Rosario G., Dasgupta, Sabyasachi, Wittlinger, Sally, Puijalon, Sara, Freda, Sarah, Suzuki, Satoshi, Charles, Sean, Gogo, Sébastien, Drollinger, Simon, Mereu, Simone, Wipf, Sonja, Trevathan-Tackett, Stacey, Löfgren, Stefan, Stoll, Stefan, Trogisch, Stefan, Hoeber, Stefanie, Seitz, Steffen, Glatzel, Stephan, Milton, Sue J., Dousset, Sylvie, Mori, Taiki, Sato, Takanori, Ise, Takeshi, Hishi, Takuo, Kenta, Tanaka, Nakaji, Tatsuro, Michelan, Thaisa Sala, Camboulive, Thierry, Mozdzer, Thomas J., Scholten, Thomas, Spiegelberger, Thomas, Zechmeister, Thomas, Kleinebecker, Till, Hiura, Tsutom, Enoki, Tsutomu, Ursu, Tudor-Mihai, di Cella, Umberto Morra, Hamer, Ute, Klaus, Valentin H., Rêgo, Vanessa Mendes, Di Cecco, Valter, Busch, Verena, Fontana, Veronika, Piscová, Veronika, Carbonell, Victoria, Ochoa, Victoria, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Maire, Vincent, Farjalla, Vinicius, Zhou, Wenjun, Luo, Wentao, McDowell, William H., Hu, Yalin, Utsumi, Yasuhiro, Kominami, Yuji, Zaika, Yulia, Rozhkov, Yury, Kotroczó, Zsolt, Tóth, Zsolt, Djukic, Ika, Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Schmidt, Inger Kappel, Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Beier, Claus, Berg, Björn, and Verheyen, Kris

Published
2018
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14. Describing complex interactions of social-ecological systems for tipping point assessments: an analytical framework

Author

Froese, Rebecca, primary, Andrino, Alberto, additional, Giudice, Renzo, additional, Stuch, Benjamin, additional, Kilian Salas, Simone, additional, Böhner, Jürgen, additional, Boy, Diana, additional, Boy, Jens, additional, Brown, Foster, additional, Díaz García, Elisa, additional, Figueroa, Diana, additional, Frör, Oliver, additional, Guggenberger, Georg, additional, Horn, Marcus A., additional, Hasson, Shabeh ul, additional, Jung, Christopher, additional, Lagneaux, Elisabeth G., additional, Meurer, Katharina H. E., additional, Pinzón Cuellar, Claudia, additional, Schaldach, Rüdiger, additional, Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto, additional, Schilling, Janpeter, additional, Schmidt, Fernando A., additional, Schönenberg, Regine, additional, Selaya, Galia, additional, Vega, Claudia M., additional, Vetter, Vanessa M. S., additional, Villavicenio, Miguel, additional, Callo-Concha, Daniel, additional, Jansen, Merel, additional, and Jungkunst, Hermann F., additional

Published
2023
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16. Regionally Diverse Land-Use Driven Feedbacks from Soils to the Climate System

Author

Jungkunst, Hermann F., primary, Horvath, Thomas, additional, Erasmi, Stefan, additional, Krüger, Jan Paul, additional, Meurer, Katharina H.M., additional, Schützenmeister, Klaus, additional, Guillaume, Thomas, additional, Scholten, Thomas, additional, Baumann, Frank, additional, Schleuss, Per-Marten, additional, He, Jin-Sheng, additional, Kühn, Peter, additional, Henkner, Jessica, additional, Boy, Jens, additional, Kätterer, Thomas, additional, and Schneider, Julia, additional

Published
2018
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18. Describing complex interactions of social-ecological systems for tipping point assessments: an analytical framework

Author

Froese, Rebecca, Andrino, Alberto, Giudice, Renzo, Stuch, Benjamin, Kilian Salas, Simone, Böhner, Jürgen, Boy, Diana, Boy, Jens, Brown, Foster, Díaz García, Elisa, Figueroa, Diana, Frör, Oliver, Guggenberger, Georg, Horn, Marcus A., Hasson, Shabeh ul, Jung, Christopher, Lagneaux, Elisabeth G., Meurer, Katharina H. E., Pinzón Cuellar, Claudia, Schaldach, Rüdiger, Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto, Schilling, Janpeter, Schmidt, Fernando A., Schönenberg, Regine, Selaya, Galia, Vega, Claudia M., Vetter, Vanessa M. S., Villavicenio, Miguel, Callo-Concha, Daniel, Jansen, Merel, Jungkunst, Hermann F., Froese, Rebecca, Andrino, Alberto, Giudice, Renzo, Stuch, Benjamin, Kilian Salas, Simone, Böhner, Jürgen, Boy, Diana, Boy, Jens, Brown, Foster, Díaz García, Elisa, Figueroa, Diana, Frör, Oliver, Guggenberger, Georg, Horn, Marcus A., Hasson, Shabeh ul, Jung, Christopher, Lagneaux, Elisabeth G., Meurer, Katharina H. E., Pinzón Cuellar, Claudia, Schaldach, Rüdiger, Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto, Schilling, Janpeter, Schmidt, Fernando A., Schönenberg, Regine, Selaya, Galia, Vega, Claudia M., Vetter, Vanessa M. S., Villavicenio, Miguel, Callo-Concha, Daniel, Jansen, Merel, and Jungkunst, Hermann F.

Abstract

Humans play an interconnecting role in social-ecological systems (SES), they are part of these systems and act as agents of their destruction and regulation. This study aims to provide an analytical framework, which combines the concept of SES with the concept of tipping dynamics. As a result, we propose an analytical framework describing relevant dynamics and feedbacks within SES based on two matrixes: the “tipping matrix” and the “cross-impact matrix.” We take the Southwestern Amazon as an example for tropical regions at large and apply the proposed analytical framework to identify key underlying sub-systems within the study region: the soil ecosystem, the household livelihood system, the regional social system, and the regional climate system, which are interconnected through a network of feedbacks. We consider these sub-systems as tipping elements (TE), which when put under stress, can cross a tipping point (TP), resulting in a qualitative and potentially irreversible change of the respective TE. By systematically assessing linkages and feedbacks within and between TEs, our proposed analytical framework can provide an entry point for empirically assessing tipping point dynamics such as “tipping cascades,” which means that the crossing of a TP in one TE may force the tipping of another TE. Policy implications: The proposed joint description of the structure and dynamics within and across SES in respect to characteristics of tipping point dynamics promotes a better understanding of human-nature interactions and critical linkages within regional SES that may be used for effectively informing and directing empirical tipping point assessments, monitoring or intervention purposes. Thereby, the framework can inform policy-making for enhancing the resilience of regional SES.

Published
2023

19. Land-use induced soil carbon stabilization at the expense of rock derived nutrients: insights from pristine Andean soils

Author

Jungkunst, Hermann F, Heitkamp, Felix, Doetterl, Sebastian; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0986-891X, Sylvester, Steven Paul, Sylvester, Mitsy D P V, Vetter, Vanessa, Maqsood, Shafique, Zeppenfeld, Thorsten, Kessler, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4612-9937, Fiedler, Sabine, Jungkunst, Hermann F, Heitkamp, Felix, Doetterl, Sebastian; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0986-891X, Sylvester, Steven Paul, Sylvester, Mitsy D P V, Vetter, Vanessa, Maqsood, Shafique, Zeppenfeld, Thorsten, Kessler, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4612-9937, and Fiedler, Sabine

Abstract

Soils contain significantly more carbon than the atmosphere, hence we should understand how best to stabilize it. Unfortunately, the role of human interventions on soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence in the Anthropocene remains vague, lacking adequate sites that allow unbiased direct comparisons of pristine and human influenced soils. Here we present data from a unique study system in the High Andes that guarantees pristineness of the reference sites by physical inaccessibility through vertical cliffs. By comparing the isotopic signatures of SOC, mineral related carbon stabilization, and soil nutrient status across grazed versus pristine soils, we provide counterintuitive evidence that thousands of years of pastoralism increased soil C persistence. Mineral associated organic carbon (MAOC) was significantly higher in pastures. Land use increased poorly crystalline minerals (PCM's), of which aluminum correlated best with MAOC. On the other hand, human's acceleration of weathering led to acidification and higher losses of cations. This highlights a dilemma of lower soil quality but higher persistence of SOC due to millennia of pastoralism. The dynamics of soil genesis in the Anthropocene needs better understanding, but if human-induced weathering proves generally to promote soil carbon persistence it will need to be included in climate-soil feedback projections.

Published
2023

21. SystemLink: Moving beyond Aquatic–Terrestrial Interactions to Incorporate Food Web Studies

Author

Manfrin, Alessandro, primary, Schirmel, Jens, additional, Mendoza‐Lera, Clara, additional, Ahmed, Adeel, additional, Bohde, Ralf, additional, Brunn, Melanie, additional, Brühl, Carsten A., additional, Buchmann, Christian, additional, Bundschuh, Mirco, additional, Burgis, Florian, additional, Diehl, Dörte, additional, Entling, Martin H., additional, Ganglo, Caroline, additional, Geissler, Sebastian, additional, Gerstle, Verena, additional, Girardi, Johanna P., additional, Graf, Tobias, additional, Huszarik, Maike, additional, Jamin, Jellian, additional, Joschko, Tanja J., additional, Jungkunst, Hermann F., additional, Knäbel, Anja, additional, Kolbenschlag, Sara, additional, Lorke, Andreas, additional, Muñoz, Katherine, additional, Ogbeide, Collins, additional, Osakpolor, Stephen E., additional, Pietz, Sebastian, additional, Riess, Kai, additional, Roodt, Alexis P., additional, Rovelli, Lorenzo, additional, Röder, Nina, additional, Rösch, Verena, additional, Schaumann, Gabriele E., additional, Schäfer, Ralf B., additional, Schmitt, Tobias, additional, Schmitz, Daniel, additional, Schützenmeister, Klaus, additional, Schwenk, Klaus, additional, Stehle, Sebastian, additional, and Schulz, Ralf, additional

Published
2023
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25. A model-based assessment of the environmental impact of land-use change across scales in Southern Amazonia

Author

Schaldach, Rüdiger, Meurer, Katharina H. E., Jungkunst, Hermann F., Nendel, Claas, Lakes, Tobia, Gollnow, Florian, Göpel, Jan, Boy, Jens, Guggenberger, Georg, Strey, Robert, Strey, Simone, Berger, Thomas, Gerold, Gerhard, Schönenberg, Regine, Böhner, Jürgen, Schindewolf, Marcus, Latynskiy, Evgeny, Hampf, Anna, Parker, Phillip S., and Sentelhas, Paulo César

Published
2017
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31. Post-drought root exudation defines soil organic matter stability in a temperate mature forest

Author

Brunn, Melanie, primary, Hafner, Benjamin D., additional, Bölscher, Tobias, additional, Hikino, Kyohsuke, additional, Jungkunst, Hermann F., additional, Kučerík, Jiří, additional, Neff, Janina, additional, Pritsch, Karin, additional, Sayer, Emma J., additional, Weikl, Fabian, additional, Zwetsloot, Marie J., additional, and Bauerle, Taryn L., additional

Published
2023
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