Search

This study was aimed at assess environmental conservation functions by analyzing the change of land use areas in agricultural fields between 1999 and 2006, and comparing land surface temperature distribution between 1994 and 2006 in Yongin city. Land use maps of Yongin city were obtained from soil maps for 1999, Quickbird satellite images(less than 1 m) and parcel map for 2006. The land use area for Yongin city was in the order of forest > paddy field > upland > residence & building in 1999, and forest > residence & building > paddy field > upland in 2006. Decrease of paddy and upland fields reduced 34% and 41% of the capability of agricultural multifunctionality as to environment including flood control, groundwater recharge, and air cooling. Land surface temperature(LST) was derived from Landsat TM thermal infrared band acquired in September of 1994 and 2006 and classified into three grades. The results impplied that green vegetation in agricultural field and forest play an important role to reduce land surface temperature in warm season.

Paratlanticus ussuriensis oviposited from early July to mid-September under laboratory condition. A female laid on average 145 eggs during the period of reproduction and over 54% of the eggs were laid within 2 weeks after the first laying. The average depth of egg-laying in soil was 19.4 mm under surface. The average major axis of an egg was 5.7 mm and the minor axis was 2.0 mm. Just before hatching, the egg swelled about twice the weight of a newly laid. In tests of ovipositional preference in different types of media, more eggs were laid in soil than in vermiculite or in Oasis ® floral form. Females also prefer shaded places in the field for reproduction, away from sunshine. In terms of the strategy for egg survival, adult moves to the hill-side adjacent to orchard farm to find a proper place for their egg laying and its survival in winter.

The main purpose of this study is to accumulate the fundamental data representing ground-water of plastic film houses by means of water quality and its multivariate statistical analysis. Groundwatersamples were collected in every two years since 2000 to 2004 from total 211 sites. According to the resultof water quality analysis, ground water quality was suitable for irrigation purpose averagely. Correlationanalysis showed that EC was highest positively correlated with Mg 2+ to 0.810 (p

Copris tripartitus Waterhouse is a coprophagus insect which enhances the soil fertility as conveying dung into the soil. We compared preimaginal development, mortality, and size of C. tripartitus at various temperature condition (15, 17.5, 20, 25, 27.5, 30). Total preimaginal periods ranged from 118.0d at to 49.3d at . Development threshold temperature (DT) and total effective temperature for the development of egg, larva, pupa and for complete development (egg to emergence) were 12.1, 11.2, 12.1 and and 82.7, 462.0, 225.7 and 947.2 degree days, respectively. The mortality of egg and larva was the lowest at . The optimum temperature for hatchability and on the development of C. tripartitus was estimated to the .

The objective of this research was to review the correlation between microalgae and agricultural water quality. Although microalgae has been considered as an essential factor for control1ing of water ecosystem, little attention has been paid for evaluating of microalgae as an important factor for water quality management. But it can be use to make us know the water pollution state at saprobic system, LTSI (Lake Tropic State Index), DAIpo (Diatom Assemblage Index to Organic Pollution), and AGP (Algal growth potential). In saprobic system, it is used microalgae such as Actinastrum hantzschii var. fluviatile, Asterionella gracillima, Coelastrum microporum, Synedra acus, Dictyosphaerium pulchellum, Micractinium pusillum, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Microcystis aeruginosa, Scenedesmus quadricauda, and Nitzschia palea for assessment water quality. In addition, they have ecologically significant characteristics such as dominant species, cosmopolitan species, redtide causative species etc. Also, microalgae such as Botryococcus braunii, B. sp., Chlorella vulgaris, C. sp., Phormidium sp., Scenedesmus quadricauda, Selenastrum capricornutum, Spirulina maxima, and S. platensis have an effect on improvement of water quality.

This paper presents results of a safety analysis of a freeway managed-lane strategy, that is, a time-of-day managed-lane strategy that concurrently allows use of the inner left lanes by high-occupancy vehicles (HOVs) and use of right shoulders as general purpose travel lanes during peak hours. Recent 3-year crash data and corresponding annual average daily traffic (AADT) volumes and lane-type-specific AADT volumes were identified for various lane types, including the inner left lanes for HOV only use during peak hours, general purpose lanes, right shoulder lanes, and all lanes as a whole. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the effect of this traffic operations system and other factors relevant to crash frequency. The negative binomial regression model analyses present no evidence that the interest factors, including the managed-lane strategy during peak hours, AADT volumes, merging and diverging influence areas, weather, light conditions, and existence of pull-off areas, affect the crash frequency when aggregated across all lanes. The variable AADT volumes in the specific analysis of general purpose lanes appear to be significant and show about a 2% increase in weekday crashes for each increase of 1,000 vehicles per day in the AADT range of 50,000 to 83,000 vehicles per day. Right shoulder specific analysis shows that motorist behaviors at the merge and diverge areas during adverse light conditions are significant and shows an increase of about 38% in crashes in these areas. The managed-lane strategy does not appear to be significant to the crash frequency in the inner left lanes for HOV, general purpose lanes, or right shoulders.

A linked database comprising state and federal roadside inspection, crash, and firm records of commercial motor vehicles is described. This combined database links information on vehicles inspected in the state of Illinois to the crashes that these vehicles may have been involved in anywhere within the United States. Two issues are addressed: determination of the components of an inspection-violation detection rate and the relationship between inspections and crashes. The first issue involves an attempt to quantify the components of a violation detection rate. For the second issue, four separate research questions are posed. The results of the second component indicate that there is no evidence that a significant difference exists in the expected number of crashes in which vehicles incurring zero violations were involved compared with the expected number in which vehicles incurring one or more violations were involved. About 2 percent of all inspected vehicles, which incurred zero violations, were subsequently involved in crashes. With every increase in the number of violations, the percent of vehicles involved in crashes increases by about 0.04. Further, a smaller percentage of vehicles that incur zero violations in Level I inspections are subsequently involved in crashes, compared with vehicles incurring zero violations under all Level II and Level V inspections. Moreover, the rate of increase in the percent involvement in crashes is greatest for vehicles incurring a positive number of violations in Level I inspections compared with vehicles subject to other types of inspection.

Existing freeway and signalized arterial street incident detection algorithms were investigated to determine their merit for use on urban arterial streets. Based on this investigation, a Kalman filtering algorithm was modified to recursively filter and update aggregate traffic flow and speed data to estimate true values. A test using measured arterial street data at a signalized intersection shows good tracking ability on these traffic variables over time. A test using data from an incident on an arterial street also confirmed that this algorithm has good potential for arterial street incident detection.

갈색여치가 년 월 충북 충주 단양의 과수원사과 2001 6 , ( , 배에 대발생하여 과실 또는 잎을 가해하였으며 피해면적 ) , 이었다 년 월에는 충북 영동군 비탄리 일대 산 11.6ha . 2006 6 림에서 대량으로 발생하여 산림과 과수원복숭아 포도 자 ( , , 두 에 피해를 입혔다 ) 20ha . 갈색여치(P. ussuriensis 는 절지동물문 곤 ) (Arthropoda) 충강 메뚜기목 여치과 (Insecta) (Orthoptera) (Tettigoniidae) 에 속하는 곤충이다 우수리강중국과 러시아의 경계를 이루 . ( 고 있는 흑룡강의 지류이며 시호테알린 산맥의 남서부 기슭 , 에서발원하는 개의강 즉 울라헤 강과 아르세니예프카강이 2 합류된 강에서 최초로 채집되어 학계에 보고되었다 ) (Uvarov, 우리나라의 갈색여치의 분포현황은 강원 서울 경기 1926). , , , 충북 충남 경북 경남 전남 전북 등 제주도를 제외한 모든 , , , , , 지역의 산림에 서식하는 것으로 알려져 있다 지 (Kim, 2001). 금까지 갈색여치가 산림과 농경지에서 대발생 했다는 자료는 없으며 최근 들어 산림에 인접한 과수원에 대발생하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 대발생의 원인을 분석하기 위해서 갈색여 치의 특징과 기초적인 생태 정보를 조사하고 실험하였다.

In this paper, a probabilistic linkage method is explored in the context of linking databases in the Commercial Motor Vehicle and Carrier (CMVC) sector as a potential solution to overcome data quality problems. An application of this method is demonstrated by linking commercial motor vehicle inspection files kept by the Illinois State Police (ISP) and the inspection files available from the Illinois portion of the Motor Carrier Management Information System (MCMIS). Since one of the files to be matched is a subset of the other, the application allows us to validate the methodology. The results show 6,228 correct identifications of true matched record pairs out of 6,335 actual true matches (more than 99%) between the two files. The number of erroneously identified record pairs is 690 (about 11% of the actual true matched pairs.) Sensitivity analysis is conducted of error rates with respect to variations in the optimal thresholds for merging the databases. A simple analysis also shows how much of a clerical examination for unclear record pairs would have to be tolerated for a reduction in dollar expenditure.

Various factors influence the time performance of emergency management personnel when a freeway traffic crash occurs. The proper identification and prioritization of factors that contribute to emergency management services' response times and clearance times result in better usage of taxpayer resources.Use of a proportional hazard-based Cox-regression model analyzed statewide, peak-period, traffic crash data from 1999 Ohio logs. These data included time performance measures of emergency management services.Traffic crash severity had the most effect on response times. Those crashes involving injuries or fatalities had up to 20% less emergency management service response times than "property damage only" crashes. Environmental factors such as weather or roadway conditions had minimal effect on response times to traffic crashes. Day of week, urban or rural area, off or opposing-lane crash location, number of vehicles involved, heavy vehicle involvement, and response time significantly affected clearance time and the resulting total time during peak periods.By assessing resources currently dedicated to insignificant factors, emergency management services can further improve response times to those casualties that crucially need emergency services. By accurately identifying and deciphering traffic crash severity from initial field reports, services can further improve. Moreover, improvements in crash severity prediction reduce "false alarms" for emergency services. The improvements reduce the probability of a very short response time for a property damage only crash in which initial reports implied a very severe injury. By focusing on factors that significantly reduce traffic crash clearance times on freeways in peak periods, more reductions in average delay experienced by freeway users, in fuel consumption, and in motor vehicle emissions can occur.