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We demonstrate, for the first time, 28-nm embedded STT-MRAM operating at full industrial temperature range (−40~125°C) with >1E+6 endurance and >10 year retention for high speed MCU/IoT application. Robust cell operation is also demonstrated after solder reflow (260°C, 90 second) and during external magnetic disturbance (550-Oe under writing). It is built on 28-nm FDSOI technology in modular format for IP reuse and has great potential to serve wide variety of applications such as IoT, and high performance MCU.

This paper investigates alpha-induced single event transient (SET) in combinational-logic in 10 nm bulk FinFET technology. FinFET technology improves SET in combinational-logic as well as single event upset (SEU) in flip-flops.

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) from a LCD panel deteriorates the performance of wireless network system (including Wireless network cards: Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) card and Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) card) in a notebook. One of the main EMI noise source for the wireless network system in a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel is the timing controller IC (T-Con). In this paper, the approach to solve the problems of EMI noise in T- Con of LCD panel and the method of measuring the EMI noise of the T-Con itself by using the TEM-cell are introduced. Secondly, the solutions with the use of TEM cell tests, signal analyses etc are suggested to improve the EMI noise of the T- Con. Finally, the measurement results of the EMI noise level of the LCD panel (with the improved T-Con through these approaches) are presented. Because the EMI noise problem becomes more and more important issues for the wireless network systems, the solutions of the problem and proper proposals have to be studied, which are suggested in this paper. All of the solutions were verified experimentally.

For the first time, we successfully developed highly reliable 50nm-thick polycrystalline PZT capacitor using noble Ir/SrRuO/sub 3/ top electrode and MOCVD PZT technology. In the 50nm-thick PZT capacitor, 33/spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/ of remanent polarization and 0.7V of saturation voltage have been demonstrated. Moreover, after 100hrs of bake-time at 150/spl deg/C, opposite-state polarization margin was over 23/spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/, which is world-wide best result so far achieved. Using this capacitor technology, highly reliable low voltage operating embedded FRAM device was successfully developed.

Background : Tracheal intubation by direct laryngoscopy induces frequently transient hypertension, tachycardia and arrhythmia. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of esmolol and clonidine in attenuating the changes of blood pressure and heart rate by tracheal intubation. Methods : Eighty patients were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1 (control , n=20), Group 2 (esmolol 0.5 mg/kg IV, n=20), Group 3 (clonidine 4 mcg/kg PO, n=20) and Group 4 (clonidine 4 mcg/kg PO and esmolol 0.5 mg/kg IV, n=20). The clonidine premedication were given orally with a sip of water 90 minutes before induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental 5 mg/kg, vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg, 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen and 2 vol % enflurane. After 5 minutes, tracheal intubation was performed. Patients in the group 2 and group 4 were given esmolol 0.5 mg/kg 90 seconds prior to tracheal intubation. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured at ward, preinduction, preintubation, immediately after intubation, 1, 3 and 5 minutes after intubation. Results : After tracheal intubation, the increase in systolic blood pressure was supressed significantly in the clonidine-treated patients (Group 3, Group 4) compared with control group (p＜0.05). The attenuating effect on increase of mean arterial pressure(MAP) was sustained longer in group 4 than group 3. Heart rate increased after tracheal intubation in all groups, but were markedly increased in the control group (p＜0.05). The differences of MAP which measured at preinduction and immediately postintubation were smaller in group 4 than control group (p＜0.05). The differences of heart rate which measured at preinduction and immediately postintubation were smaller in group 4 than group 1 or group 3 (p＜0.05). Conclusions : Esmolol 0.5 mg/kg given as bolus, is effective for controlling the increase of heart rate but not in attenuating increase of blood pressure. Oral clonidine is effective for controlling the increase of blood pressure but not in attenuating increase of heart rate. Therefore esmolol combined with oral clonidine results in effective control of both heart rate and blood pressure. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1998; 35: 1061∼1067)