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1. Change in Diagnosis of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo During COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Lee DH, Shin JE, Jung T, and Kim CH

Subjects
benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, covid-19, emergency room, outpatient department, healthcare use behavior, hospital visit type, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Dong-Han Lee, Jung Eun Shin, Taesik Jung, Chang-Hee Kim Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaCorrespondence: Chang-Hee Kim, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro (Hwayang-dong), Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, Republic of Korea, Tel +82-2-2030-7666, Fax +82-2-2030-5299, Email changhee.kim@kuh.ac.krPurpose: The present study investigated the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).Patients and Methods: The medical records of BPPV patients who were evaluated in the outpatient department (OPD) and emergency room (ER) during (435 patients) and before (517 patients) the COVID-19 pandemic were retrospectively reviewed. Dix-Hallpike and supine head-roll tests were used to classify the subtype of BPPV as posterior semicircular canal (PSCC), geotropic lateral semicircular canal (geotropic LSCC), or apogeotropic lateral semicircular canal (apogeotropic LSCC) BPPV.Results: More patients with PSCC BPPV were diagnosed at the OPD compared with those who were diagnosed at the ER both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, more patients with LSCC BPPV were diagnosed at the ER compared with those who were diagnosed at the OPD during the same periods. The mean time interval between vertigo onset and initial evaluation was remarkably longer during the pandemic in patients with PSCC BPPV.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the incidences of BPPV subtypes according to hospital visit type were not significantly different before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Because hospital visits were delayed in patients with PSCC BPPV during the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine or e-health could be suitable alternatives to face-to-face medical care for these patients.Keywords: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, COVID-19, emergency room, outpatient department, healthcare use behavior, hospital visit type

Published
2022

2. Cold Seeded Epitaxy and Flexomagnetism in Smooth GdAuGe Membranes Exfoliated from graphene/Ge(111)

Author

LaDuca, Z, Samanta, T, Hagopian, N, Jung, T, Su, K, Genser, K, Rabe, K M, Voyles, P M, Arnold, M S, and Kawasaki, J K

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Remote and van der Waals epitaxy are promising approaches for synthesizing single crystalline membranes for flexible electronics and discovery of new properties via extreme strain; however, a fundamental challenge is that most materials do not wet the graphene surface. We develop a cold seed approach for synthesizing smooth intermetallic films on graphene that can be exfoliated to form few nanometer thick single crystalline membranes. Our seeded GdAuGe films have narrow x-ray rocking curve widths of 9-24 arc seconds, which is two orders of magnitude lower than their counterparts grown by typical high temperature methods, and have atomically sharp interfaces observed by transmission electron microscopy. Upon exfoliation and rippling, strain gradients in GdAuGe membranes induce an antiferromagnetic to ferri/ferromagnetic transition. Our smooth, ultrathin membranes provide a clean platform for discovering new flexomagnetic effects in quantum materials.

Published
2024
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3. Changes in Structure of CuCr0.6 Alloy After Repetitive Corrugation Process

Author

Jung T., Kwaśny W., Rdzawski Z., Głuchowski W., Matus K., Pawlyta M., and Szindler M.

Subjects
CuCr0.6 alloy, severe plastic deformation, repetitive corrugation and straightening, electron backscatter diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

This paper presents the study of repetitive corrugation process influence on the strengthening of annealed alloy. Based on the results of mechanical properties of deformed sample, it has been found that the microhardness, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and apparent elastic limit are significantly increased in relation to annealed sample. Examination on transmission electron microscopy confirmed the effect of intensive plastic deformation on structure fragmentation in the nanometric scale. This work confirmed the possibility of using the repetitive corrugation process to increase mechanical properties of CuCr0.6 alloy.

Published
2017
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4. Ordered magnetic fields around the 3C 84 central black hole

Author

Paraschos, G. F., Kim, J. -Y., Wielgus, M., Röder, J., Krichbaum, T. P., Ros, E., Agudo, I., Myserlis, I., Moscibrodzka, M., Traianou, E., Zensus, J. A., Blackburn, L., Chan, C. -K., Issaoun, S., Janssen, M., Johnson, M. D., Fish, V. L., Akiyama, K., Alberdi, A., Alef, W., Algaba, J. C., Anantua, R., Asada, K., Azulay, R., Bach, U., Baczko, A. -K., Ball, D., Baloković, M., Barrett, J., Bauböck, M., Benson, B. A., Bintley, D., Blundell, R., Bouman, K. L., Bower, G. C., Boyce, H., Bremer, M., Brinkerink, C. D., Brissenden, R., Britzen, S., Broderick, A. E., Broguiere, D., Bronzwaer, T., Bustamante, S., Byun, D. -Y., Carlstrom, J. E., Ceccobello, C., Chael, A., Chang, D. O., Chatterjee, K., Chatterjee, S., Chen, M. T., Chen, Y., Cheng, X., Cho, I., Christian, P., Conroy, N. S., Conway, J. E., Cordes, J. M., Crawford, T. M., Crew, G. B., Cruz-Osorio, A., Cui, Y., Dahale, R., Davelaar, J., De Laurentis, M., Deane, R., Dempsey, J., Desvignes, G., Dexter, J., Dhruv, V., Doeleman, S. S., Dougal, S., Dzib, S. A., Eatough, R. P., Emami, R., Falcke, H., Farah, J., Fomalont, E., Ford, H. A., Foschi, M., Fraga-Encinas, R., Freeman, W. T., Friberg, P., Fromm, C. M., Fuentes, A., Galison, P., Gammie, C. F., García, R., Gentaz, O., Georgiev, B., Goddi, C., Gold, R., Gómez-Ruiz, A. I., Gómez, J. L., Gu, M., Gurwell, M., Hada, K., Haggard, D., Haworth, K., Hecht, M. H., Hesper, R., Heumann, D., Ho, L. C., Ho, P., Honma, M., Huang, C. L., Huang, L., Hughes, D. H., Ikeda, S., Impellizzeri, C. M. V., Inoue, M., James, D. J., Jannuzi, B. T., Jeter, B., Jaing, W., Jiménez-Rosales, A., Jorstad, S., Joshi, A. V., Jung, T., Karami, M., Karuppusamy, R., Kawashima, T., Keating, G. K., Kettenis, M., Kim, D. -J., Kim, J., Kino, M., Koay, J. Y., Kocherlakota, P., Kofuji, Y., Koch, P. M., Koyama, S., Kramer, C., Kramer, J. A., Kramer, M., Kuo, C. -Y., La Bella, N., Lauer, T. R., Lee, D., Lee, S. -S., Leung, P. K., Levis, A., Li, Z., Lico, R., Lindahl, G., Lindqvist, M., Lisakov, M., Liu, J., Liu, K., Liuzzo, E., Lo, W. -P., Lobanov, A. P., Loinard, L., Lonsdale, C. J., Lowitz, A. E., Lu, R. -S., MacDonald, N. R., Mao, J., Marchili, N., Markoff, S., Marrone, D. P., Marscher, A. P., Martí-Vidal, I., Matsushita, S., Matthews, L. D., Medeiros, L., Menten, K. M., Michalik, D., Mizuno, I., Mizuno, Y., Moran, J. M., Moriyama, K., Mulaudzi, W., Müller, C., Müller, H., Mus, A., Musoke, G., Nadolski, A., Nagai, H., Nagar, N. M., Nakamura, M., Narayanan, G., Natarajan, I., Nathanail, A., Fuentes, S. Navarro, Neilsen, J., Neri, R., Ni, C., Noutsos, A., Nowak, M. A., Oh, J., Okino, H., Olivares, H., Ortiz-León, G. N., Oyama, T., Özel, F., Palumbo, D. C. M., Park, J., Parsons, H., Patel, N., Pen, U. -L., Piétu, V., Plambeck, R., PopStefanija, A., Porth, O., Pötzl, F. M., Prather, B., Preciado-López, J. A., Psaltis, D., Pu, H. -Y., Ramakrishnan, V., Rao, R., Rawlings, M. G., Raymond, A. W., Rezzolla, L., Ricarte, A., Ripperda, B., Roelofs, F., Rogers, A., Romero-Cañizales, C., Roshanineshat, A., Rottmann, H., Roy, A. L., Ruiz, I., Ruszczyk, C., Rygl, K. L. J., Sánchez, S., Sánchez-Argüelles, D., Sánchez-Portal, M., Sasada, M., Satapathy, K., Savolainen, T., Schloerb, F. P., Schonfeld, J., Schuster, K., Shao, L., Shen, Z., Small, D., Sohn, B. W., SooHoo, J., Salas, L. D. Sosapanta, Souccar, K., Sun, H., Tazaki, F., Tetarenko, A. J., Tiede, P., Tilanus, R. P. J., Titus, M., Torne, P., Toscano, T., Trent, T., Trippe, S., Turk, M., van Bemmel, I., van Langevelde, H. J., van Rossum, D. R., Vos, J., Wagner, J., Ward-Thompson, D., Wardle, J., Washington, J. E., Weintroub, J., Wharton, R., Wiik, K., Witzel, G., Wondrak, M. F., Wong, G. N., Wu, Q., Yadlapalli, N., Yamaguchi, P., Yfantis, A., Yoon, D., Young, A., Young, K., Younsi, Z., Yu, W., Yuan, F., Yuan, Y. -F., Zhang, S., Zhao, G. Y., and Zhao, S. -S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

3C84 is a nearby radio source with a complex total intensity structure, showing linear polarisation and spectral patterns. A detailed investigation of the central engine region necessitates the use of VLBI above the hitherto available maximum frequency of 86GHz. Using ultrahigh resolution VLBI observations at the highest available frequency of 228GHz, we aim to directly detect compact structures and understand the physical conditions in the compact region of 3C84. We used EHT 228GHz observations and, given the limited (u,v)-coverage, applied geometric model fitting to the data. We also employed quasi-simultaneously observed, multi-frequency VLBI data for the source in order to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the core structure. We report the detection of a highly ordered, strong magnetic field around the central, SMBH of 3C84. The brightness temperature analysis suggests that the system is in equipartition. We determined a turnover frequency of $\nu_m=(113\pm4)$GHz, a corresponding synchrotron self-absorbed magnetic field of $B_{SSA}=(2.9\pm1.6)$G, and an equipartition magnetic field of $B_{eq}=(5.2\pm0.6)$G. Three components are resolved with the highest fractional polarisation detected for this object ($m_\textrm{net}=(17.0\pm3.9)$%). The positions of the components are compatible with those seen in low-frequency VLBI observations since 2017-2018. We report a steeply negative slope of the spectrum at 228GHz. We used these findings to test models of jet formation, propagation, and Faraday rotation in 3C84. The findings of our investigation into different flow geometries and black hole spins support an advection-dominated accretion flow in a magnetically arrested state around a rapidly rotating supermassive black hole as a model of the jet-launching system in the core of 3C84. However, systematic uncertainties due to the limited (u,v)-coverage, however, cannot be ignored., Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, published in A&A

Published
2024
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5. The role of the intestinal microvasculature in inflammatory bowel disease: studies with a modified Caco-2 model including endothelial cells resembling the intestinal barrier in vitro

Author

Kasper JY, Hermanns MI, Cavelius C, Kraegeloh A, Jung T, Danzebrink R, Unger RE, and Kirkpatrick CJ

Subjects
intestinal microvasculature, inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal barrier in vitro, Caco-2, ISO-HAS-1, inflammation, nano-sized contrast agents, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Jennifer Y Kasper,1 Maria Iris Hermanns,1 Christian Cavelius,2 Annette Kraegeloh,2 Thomas Jung,3 Rolf Danzebrink,3 Ronald E Unger,1 Charles James Kirkpatrick1 1Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Mainz, 2Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 3NanoGate AG, Goettelborn, Saarbrücken, Germany Abstract: The microvascular endothelium of the gut barrier plays a crucial role during inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. We have modified a commonly used intestinal cell model based on the Caco-2 cells by adding microvascular endothelial cells (ISO-HAS-1). Transwell filters were used with intestinal barrier-forming Caco-2 cells on top and the ISO-HAS-1 on the bottom of the filter. The goal was to determine whether this coculture mimics the in vivo situation more closely, and whether the model is suitable to evaluate interactions of, for example, prospective nanosized drug vehicles or contrast agents with this coculture in a physiological and inflamed state as it would occur in inflammatory bowel disease. We monitored the inflammatory responsiveness of the cells (release of IL-8, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and soluble E-selectin) after exposure to inflammatory stimuli (lipopolysaccharide, TNF-α, INF-γ, IL1-β) and a nanoparticle (Ba/Gd: coprecipitated BaSO4 and Gd(OH)3), generally used as contrast agents. The barrier integrity of the coculture was evaluated via the determination of transepithelial electrical resistance and the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of NaFITC. The behavior of the coculture Caco-1/ISO-HAS-1 was compared to the respective monocultures Caco-2 and ISO-HAS-1. Based on transepithelial electrical resistance, the epithelial barrier integrity of the coculture remained stable during incubation with all stimuli, whereas the Papp decreased after exposure to the cytokine mixture (TNF-α, INF-γ, IL1-β, and Ba/Gd). Both the endothelial and epithelial monocultures showed a high inflammatory response in both the upper and lower transwell-compartments. However, in the coculture, inflammatory mediators were only detected on the epithelial side and not on the endothelial side. Thus in the coculture, based on the Papp, the epithelial barrier appears to prevent a potential inflammatory overreaction in the underlying endothelial cells. In summary, this coculture model exhibits in vivo-like features, which cannot be observed in conventional monocultures, making the former more suitable to study interactions with external stimuli. Keywords: intestinal microvasculature, inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal barrier in vitro, Caco-2, ISO-HAS-1, soluble E-selectin, sICAM-1, nanosized gadolinium contrast agent

Published
2016

6. A monitoring campaign (2013-2020) of ESA's Mars Express to study interplanetary plasma scintillation

Author

Kummamuru, P., Calvés, G. Molera, Cimò, G., Pogrebenko, S. V., Bocanegra-Bahamón, T. M., Duev, D. A., Said, M. D. Md, Edwards, J., Ma, M., Quick, J., Neidhardt, A., de Vicente, P., Haas, R., Kallunki, J., Maccaferri, 1 G., Colucci, G., Yang, W. J., Hao, L. F., Weston, S., Kharinov, M. A., Mikhailov, A. G., and Jung, T.

Subjects
Physics - Space Physics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The radio signal transmitted by the Mars Express (MEX) spacecraft was observed regularly between the years 2013-2020 at X-band (8.42 GHz) using the European Very Long Baseline Interferometry (EVN) network and University of Tasmania's telescopes. We present a method to describe the solar wind parameters by quantifying the effects of plasma on our radio signal. In doing so, we identify all the uncompensated effects on the radio signal and see which coronal processes drive them. From a technical standpoint, quantifying the effect of the plasma on the radio signal helps phase referencing for precision spacecraft tracking. The phase fluctuation of the signal was determined for Mars' orbit for solar elongation angles from 0 - 180 deg. The calculated phase residuals allow determination of the phase power spectrum. The total electron content (TEC) of the solar plasma along the line of sight is calculated by removing effects from mechanical and ionospheric noises. The spectral index was determined as $-2.43 \pm 0.11$ which is in agreement with Kolomogorov's turbulence. The theoretical models are consistent with observations at lower solar elongations however at higher solar elongation ($>$160 deg) we see the observed values to be higher. This can be caused when the uplink and downlink signals are positively correlated as a result of passing through identical plasma sheets., Comment: The paper has 13 figures and one table. It has been accepted for publication in PASA and the article will receive its DOI in a week's time

Published
2023
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9. Robust but weak winter atmospheric circulation response to future Arctic sea ice loss

Author

Smith, DM, Eade, R, Andrews, MB, Ayres, H, Clark, A, Chripko, S, Deser, C, Dunstone, NJ, García-Serrano, J, Gastineau, G, Graff, LS, Hardiman, SC, He, B, Hermanson, L, Jung, T, Knight, J, Levine, X, Magnusdottir, G, Manzini, E, Matei, D, Mori, M, Msadek, R, Ortega, P, Peings, Y, Scaife, AA, Screen, JA, Seabrook, M, Semmler, T, Sigmond, M, Streffing, J, Sun, L, and Walsh, A

Subjects
Climate Action
Abstract

The possibility that Arctic sea ice loss weakens mid-latitude westerlies, promoting more severe cold winters, has sparked more than a decade of scientific debate, with apparent support from observations but inconclusive modelling evidence. Here we show that sixteen models contributing to the Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison Project simulate a weakening of mid-latitude westerlies in response to projected Arctic sea ice loss. We develop an emergent constraint based on eddy feedback, which is 1.2 to 3 times too weak in the models, suggesting that the real-world weakening lies towards the higher end of the model simulations. Still, the modelled response to Arctic sea ice loss is weak: the North Atlantic Oscillation response is similar in magnitude and offsets the projected response to increased greenhouse gases, but would only account for around 10% of variations in individual years. We further find that relationships between Arctic sea ice and atmospheric circulation have weakened recently in observations and are no longer inconsistent with those in models.

Published
2022

10. SYMBA: An end-to-end VLBI synthetic data generation pipeline

Author

Roelofs, F., Janssen, M., Natarajan, I., Deane, R., Davelaar, J., Olivares, H., Porth, O., Paine, S. N., Bouman, K. L., Tilanus, R. P. J., van Bemmel, I. M., Falcke, H., Akiyama, K., Alberdi, A., Alef, W., Asada, K., Azulay, R., Baczko, A., Ball, D., Baloković, M., Barrett, J., Bintley, D., Blackburn, L., Boland, W., Bower, G. C., Bremer, M., Brinkerink, C. D., Brissenden, R., Britzen, S., Broderick, A. E., Broguiere, D., Bronzwaer, T., Byun, D., Carlstrom, J. E., Chael, A., Chan, C., Chatterjee, S., Chatterjee, K., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Cho, I., Christian, P., Conway, J. E., Cordes, J. M., Crew, G. B., Cui, Y., De Laurentis, M., Dempsey, J., Desvignes, G., Dexter, J., Doeleman, S. S., Eatough, R. P., Fish, V. L., Fomalont, E., Fraga-Encinas, R., Friberg, P., Fromm, C. M., Gómez, J. L., Galison, P., Gammie, C. F., García, R., Gentaz, O., Georgiev, B., Goddi, C., Gold, R., Gu, M., Gurwell, M., Hada, K., Hecht, M. H., Hesper, R., Ho, L. C., Ho, P., Honma, M., Huang, C. L., Huang, L., Hughes, D. H., Ikeda, S., Inoue, M., Issaoun, S., James, D. J., Jannuzi, B. T., Jeter, B., Jiang, W., Johnson, M. D., Jorstad, S., Jung, T., Karami, M., Karuppusamy, R., Kawashima, T., Keating, G. K., Kettenis, M., Kim, J., Kino, M., Koay, J. Yi, Koch, P. M., Koyama, S., Kramer, M., Kramer, C., Krichbaum, T. P., Kuo, C., Lauer, T. R., Lee, S., Li, Y., Li, Z., Lindqvist, M., Lico, R., Liu, K., Liuzzo, E., Lo, W., Lobanov, A. P., Loinard, L., Lonsdale, C., Lu, R., MacDonald, N. R., Mao, J., Markoff, S., Marrone, D. P., Marscher, A. P., Martí-Vidal, I., Matsushita, S., Matthews, L. D., Medeiros, L., Menten, K. M., Mizuno, Y., Mizuno, I., Moran, J. M., Moriyama, K., Moscibrodzka, M., Müller, C., Nagai, H., Nagar, N. M., Nakamura, M., Narayan, R., Narayanan, G., Neri, R., Ni, C., Noutsos, A., Okino, H., Ortiz-León, G. N., Oyama, T., Özel, F., Palumbo, D. C. M., Patel, N., Pen, U., Pesce, D. W., Piétu, V., Plambeck, R., PopStefanija, A., Prather, B., Preciado-López, J. A., Psaltis, D., Pu, H., Ramakrishnan, V., Rao, R., Rawlings, M. G., Raymond, A. W., Rezzolla, L., Ripperda, B., Rogers, A., Ros, E., Rose, M., Roshanineshat, A., Rottmann, H., Roy, A. L., Ruszczyk, C., Ryan, B. R., Rygl, K. L. J., Sánchez, S., Sánchez-Arguelles, D., Sasada, M., Savolainen, T., Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, K., Shao, L., Shen, Z., Small, D., Sohn, B. Won, SooHoo, J., Tazaki, F., Tiede, P., Titus, M., Toma, K., Torne, P., Trent, T., Trippe, S., Tsuda, S., van Langevelde, H. J., van Rossum, D. R., Wagner, J., Wardle, J., Ward-Thompson, D., Weintroub, J., Wex, N., Wharton, R., Wielgus, M., Wong, G. N., Wu, Q., Young, A., Young, K., Younsi, Z., Yuan, F., Yuan, Y., Zensus, J. A., Zhao, G., Zhao, S., and Zhu, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Realistic synthetic observations of theoretical source models are essential for our understanding of real observational data. In using synthetic data, one can verify the extent to which source parameters can be recovered and evaluate how various data corruption effects can be calibrated. These studies are important when proposing observations of new sources, in the characterization of the capabilities of new or upgraded instruments, and when verifying model-based theoretical predictions in a comparison with observational data. We present the SYnthetic Measurement creator for long Baseline Arrays (SYMBA), a novel synthetic data generation pipeline for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations. SYMBA takes into account several realistic atmospheric, instrumental, and calibration effects. We used SYMBA to create synthetic observations for the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), a mm VLBI array, which has recently captured the first image of a black hole shadow. After testing SYMBA with simple source and corruption models, we study the importance of including all corruption and calibration effects. Based on two example general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) model images of M87, we performed case studies to assess the attainable image quality with the current and future EHT array for different weather conditions. The results show that the effects of atmospheric and instrumental corruptions on the measured visibilities are significant. Despite these effects, we demonstrate how the overall structure of the input models can be recovered robustly after performing calibration steps. With the planned addition of new stations to the EHT array, images could be reconstructed with higher angular resolution and dynamic range. In our case study, these improvements allowed for a distinction between a thermal and a non-thermal GRMHD model based on salient features in reconstructed images., Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2020
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12. White Paper on East Asian Vision for mm/submm VLBI: Toward Black Hole Astrophysics down to Angular Resolution of 1~R$_{S}$

Author

Asada, K., Kino, M., Honma, M., Hirota, T., Lu, R. -S., Inoue, M., Sohn, B. -W., Shen, Z. -Q., Ho, P. T. P., Akiyama, K., Algaba, J-C., An, T., Bower, G., Byun, D-Y., Dodson, R., Doi, A., Edwards, P. G., Fujisawa, K., Gu, M-F., Hada, K., Hagiwara, Y., Jaroenjittichai, P., Jung, T., Kawashima, T., Koyama, S., Lee, S-S., Matsushita, S., Nagai, H., Nakamura, M., Niinuma, K., Phillips, C., Park, J-H., Pu, H-Y., Ro, H-W., Stevens, J., Trippe, S., Wajima, K., and Zhao, G-Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

This White Paper details the intentions and plans of the East Asian Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) community for pushing the frontiers of millimeter/submillimeter VLBI. To this end, we shall endeavor to actively promote coordinated efforts in the East Asia region. Our goal is to establish firm collaborations among the East Asia VLBI community in partnership with related institutes in North America and Europe and to expand existing global mm/submm VLBI arrays for (a) exploring the vicinity of black holes with an ultimate angular resolution down to 1~R$_{S}$ (Schwarzschild radius) and (b) investigating the dynamics of circumstellar gas in star-forming regions and late-type stars, and circumnuclear gas around active galactic nuclei (AGNs). In the first half of this White Paper, we highlight scientific accomplishments of the East Asia (EA) VLBI community. Various VLBI research results on M87, Sgr A*, blazars, narrow-line Seyfert~1 galaxies, and compact symmetric objects are described, and future visions of our VLBI science are briefly presented. Maser science of star formation, stellar evolution, and physics of accretion disks around AGNs are also discussed. A new vision for conducting multi-transition maser studies using mm/submm VLBI together with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) is described. In the second half of this White Paper, we describe the EA community's vision for using mm/submm VLBI arrays in the framework or extended version of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) and the Global Millimeter VLBI Array (GMVA). The accomplishment of the aforementioned goal will maximize the overall scientific outcomes of mm/submm VLBI in the world., Comment: 93 pages, 54 figures. White Paper from East Asia VLBI community

Published
2017

13. The benefits of global high resolution for climate simulation process understanding and the enabling of stakeholder decisions at the regional scale

Author

Roberts, MJ, Vidale, PL, Senior, C, Hewitt, HT, Bates, C, Berthou, S, Chang, P, Christensen, HM, Danilov, S, Demory, ME, Griffies, SM, Haarsma, R, Jung, T, Martin, G, Minobe, S, Ringler, T, Satoh, M, Schiemann, R, Scoccimarro, E, Stephens, G, and Wehner, MF

Subjects
Astronomical And Space Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience
Abstract

AbstractThe time scales of the Paris Climate Agreement indicate urgent action is required on climate policies over the next few decades, in order to avoid the worst risks posed by climate change. On these relatively short time scales the combined effect of climate variability and change are both key drivers of extreme events, with decadal time scales also important for infrastructure planning. Hence, in order to assess climate risk on such time scales, we require climate models to be able to represent key aspects of both internally driven climate variability and the response to changing forcings. In this paper we argue that we now have the modeling capability to address these requirements—specifically with global models having horizontal resolutions considerably enhanced from those typically used in previous Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) exercises. The improved representation of weather and climate processes in such models underpins our enhanced confidence in predictions and projections, as well as providing improved forcing to regional models, which are better able to represent local-scale extremes (such as convective precipitation). We choose the global water cycle as an illustrative example because it is governed by a chain of processes for which there is growing evidence of the benefits of higher resolution. At the same time it comprises key processes involved in many of the expected future climate extremes (e.g., flooding, drought, tropical and midlatitude storms).

Published
2018

18. The resolution sensitivity of Northern Hemisphere blocking in four 25-km atmospheric global circulation models

Author

Schiemann, R, Demory, ME, Shaffrey, LC, Strachana, J, Vidale, PL, Mizielinski, MS, Roberts, MJ, Matsueda, M, Wehner, MF, and Jung, T

Subjects
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Oceanography, Geomatic Engineering
Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate if the representation of Northern Hemisphere blocking is sensitive to resolution in current-generation atmospheric global circulation models (AGCMs). An evaluation is conducted of how well atmospheric blocking is represented in four AGCMs whose horizontal resolution is increased from a grid spacing of more than 100 km to about 25 km. It is shown that Euro-Atlantic blocking is simulated overall more credibly at higher resolution (i.e., in better agreement with a 50-yr reference blocking climatology created from the reanalyses ERA-40 and ERA-Interim). The improvement seen with resolution depends on the season and to some extent on the model considered. Euro-Atlantic blocking is simulated more realistically at higher resolution in winter, spring, and autumn, and robustly so across the model ensemble. The improvement in spring is larger than that in winter and autumn. Summer blocking is found to be better simulated at higher resolution by one model only, with little change seen in the other three models. The representation of Pacific blocking is not found to systematically depend on resolution. Despite the improvements seen with resolution, the 25-km models still exhibit large biases in Euro-Atlantic blocking. For example, three of the four 25-km models underestimate winter northern European blocking frequency by about one-third. The resolution sensitivity and biases in the simulated blocking are shown to be in part associated with the mean-state biases in the models' midlatitude circulation.

Published
2017

19. An Overview of the 2014 ALMA Long Baseline Campaign

Author

Partnership, ALMA, Fomalont, E. B., Vlahakis, C., Corder, S., Remijan, A., Barkats, D., Lucas, R., Hunter, T. R., Brogan, C. L., Asaki, Y., Matsushita, S., Dent, W. R. F., Hills, R. E., Phillips, N., Richards, A. M. S., Cox, P., Amestica, R., Broguiere, D., Cotton, W., Hales, A. S., Hiriart, R., Hirota, A., Hodge, J. A., Impellizzeri, C. M. V., Kern, J., Kneissl, R., Liuzzo, E., Marcelino, N., Marson, R., Mignano, A., Nakanishi, K., Nikolic, B., Perez, J. E., Pérez, L. M., Toledo, I., Aladro, R., Butler, B., Cortes, J., Cortes, P., Dhawan, V., Di Francesco, J., Espada, D., Galarza, F., Garcia-Appadoo, D., Guzman-Ramirez, L., Humphreys, E. M., Jung, T., Kameno, S., Laing, R. A., Leon, S., Mangum, J., Marconi, G., Nagai, H., Nyman, L. -A., Radiszcz, M., Rodón, J. A., Sawada, T., Takahashi, S., Tilanus, R. P. J., van Kempen, T., Vilaro, B. Vila, Watson, L. C., Wiklind, T., Gueth, F., Tatematsu, K., Wootten, A., Castro-Carrizo, A., Chapillon, E., Dumas, G., de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I., Francke, H., Gallardo, J., Garcia, J., Gonzalez, S., Hibbard, J. E., Hill, T., Kaminski, T., Karim, A., Krips, M., Kurono, Y., Lopez, C., Martin, S., Maud, L., Morales, F., Pietu, V., Plarre, K., Schieven, G., Testi, L., Videla, L., Villard, E., Whyborn, N., Zwaan, M. A., Alves, F., Andreani, P., Avison, A., Barta, M., Bedosti, F., Bendo, G. J., Bertoldi, F., Bethermin, M., Biggs, A., Boissier, J., Brand, J., Burkutean, S., Casasola, V., Conway, J., Cortese, L., Dabrowski, B., Davis, T. A., Trigo, M. Diaz, Fontani, F., Franco-Hernandez, R., Fuller, G., Madrid, R. Galvan, Giannetti, A., Ginsburg, A., Graves, S. F., Hatziminaoglou, E., Hogerheijde, M., Jachym, P., Serra, I. Jimenez, Karlicky, M., Klaasen, P., Kraus, M., Kunneriath, D., Lagos, C., Longmore, S., Leurini, S., Maercker, M., Magnelli, B., Vidal, I. Marti, Massardi, M., Maury, A., Muehle, S., Muller, S., Muxlow, T., O'Gorman, E., Paladino, R., Petry, D., Pineda, J., Randall, S., Richer, J. S., Rossetti, A., Rushton, A., Rygl, K., Monge, A. Sanchez, Schaaf, R., Schilke, P., Stanke, T., Schmalzl, M., Stoehr, F., Urban, S., van Kampen, E., Vlemmings, W., Wang, K., Wild, W., Yang, Y., Iguchi, S., Hasegawa, T., Saito, M., Inatani, J., Mizuno, N., Asayama, S., Kosugi, G., Morita, K. -I., Chiba, K., Kawashima, S., Okumura, S. K., Ohashi, N., Ogasawara, R., Sakamoto, S., Noguchi, T., Huang, Y. -D., Liu, S. -Y., Kemper, F., Koch, P. M., Chen, M. -T., Chikada, Y., Hiramatsu, M., Iono, D., Shimojo, M., Komugi, S., Kim, J., Lyo, A. -R., Muller, E., Herrera, C., Miura, R. E., Ueda, J., Chibueze, J., Su, Y. -N., Trejo-Cruz, A., Wang, K. -S., Kiuchi, H., Ukita, N., Sugimoto, M., Kawabe, R., Hayashi, M., Miyama, S., Ho, P. T. P., Kaifu, N., Ishiguro, M., Beasley, A. J., Bhatnagar, S., Braatz III, J. A., Brisbin, D. G., Brunetti, N., Carilli, C., Crossley, J. H., D'Addario, L., Meyer, J. L. Donovan, Emerson, D. T., Evans, A. S., Fisher, P., Golap, K., Griffith, D. M., Hale, A. E., Halstead, D., Hardy, E. J., Hatz, M. C., Holdaway, M., Indebetouw, R., Jewell, P. R., Kepley, A. A., Kim, D. -C., Lacy, M. D., Leroy, A. K., Liszt, H. S., Lonsdale, C. J., Matthews, B., McKinnon, M., Mason, B. S., Moellenbrock, G., Moullet, A., Myers, S. T., Ott, J., Peck, A. B., Pisano, J., Radford, S. J. E., Randolph, W. T., Venkata, U. Rao, Rawlings, M. G., Rosen, R., Schnee, S. L., Scott, K. S., Sharp, N. K., Sheth, K., Simon, R. S., Tsutsumi, T., and Wood, S. J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

A major goal of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is to make accurate images with resolutions of tens of milliarcseconds, which at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths requires baselines up to ~15 km. To develop and test this capability, a Long Baseline Campaign (LBC) was carried out from September to late November 2014, culminating in end-to-end observations, calibrations, and imaging of selected Science Verification (SV) targets. This paper presents an overview of the campaign and its main results, including an investigation of the short-term coherence properties and systematic phase errors over the long baselines at the ALMA site, a summary of the SV targets and observations, and recommendations for science observing strategies at long baselines. Deep ALMA images of the quasar 3C138 at 97 and 241 GHz are also compared to VLA 43 GHz results, demonstrating an agreement at a level of a few percent. As a result of the extensive program of LBC testing, the highly successful SV imaging at long baselines achieved angular resolutions as fine as 19 mas at ~350 GHz. Observing with ALMA on baselines of up to 15 km is now possible, and opens up new parameter space for submm astronomy., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters; this version with small changes to affiliations

Published
2015
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20. ALMA Long Baseline Observations of the Strongly Lensed Submillimeter Galaxy HATLAS J090311.6+003906 at z=3.042

Author

Partnership, ALMA, Vlahakis, C., Hunter, T. R., Hodge, J. A., Pérez, L. M., Andreani, P., Brogan, C. L., Cox, P., Martin, S., Zwaan, M., Matsushita, S., Dent, W. R. F., Impellizzeri, C. M. V., Fomalont, E. B., Asaki, Y., Barkats, D., Hills, R. E., Hirota, A., Kneissl, R., Liuzzo, E., Lucas, R., Marcelino, N., Nakanishi, K., Phillips, N., Richards, A. M. S., Toledo, I., Aladro, R., Broguiere, D., Cortes, J. R., Cortes, P. C., Espada, D., Galarza, F., Garcia-Appadoo, D., Guzman-Ramirez, L., Hales, A. S., Humphreys, E. M., Jung, T., Kameno, S., Laing, R. A., Leon, S., Marconi, G., Mignano, A., Nikolic, B., Nyman, L. -A., Radiszcz, M., Remijan, A., Rodón, J. A., Sawada, T., Takahashi, S., Tilanus, R. P. J., Vilaro, B. Vila, Watson, L. C., Wiklind, T., Ao, Y., Di Francesco, J., Hatsukade, B., Hatziminaoglou, E., Mangum, J., Matsuda, Y., van Kampen, E., Wootten, A., de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I., Dumas, G., Francke, H., Gallardo, J., Garcia, J., Gonzalez, S., Hill, T., Iono, D., Kaminski, T., Karim, A., Krips, M., Kurono, Y., Lonsdale, C., Lopez, C., Morales, F., Plarre, K., Videla, L., Villard, E., Hibbard, J. E., and Tatematsu, K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We present initial results of very high resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the $z$=3.042 gravitationally lensed galaxy HATLAS J090311.6+003906 (SDP.81). These observations were carried out using a very extended configuration as part of Science Verification for the 2014 ALMA Long Baseline Campaign, with baselines of up to 15 km. We present continuum imaging at 151, 236 and 290 GHz, at unprecedented angular resolutions as fine as 23 milliarcseconds (mas), corresponding to an un-magnified spatial scale of ~180 pc at z=3.042. The ALMA images clearly show two main gravitational arc components of an Einstein ring, with emission tracing a radius of ~1.5". We also present imaging of CO(10-9), CO(8-7), CO(5-4) and H2O line emission. The CO emission, at an angular resolution of ~170 mas, is found to broadly trace the gravitational arc structures but with differing morphologies between the CO transitions and compared to the dust continuum. Our detection of H2O line emission, using only the shortest baselines, provides the most resolved detection to date of thermal H2O emission in an extragalactic source. The ALMA continuum and spectral line fluxes are consistent with previous Plateau de Bure Interferometer and Submillimeter Array observations despite the impressive increase in angular resolution. Finally, we detect weak unresolved continuum emission from a position that is spatially coincident with the center of the lens, with a spectral index that is consistent with emission from the core of the foreground lensing galaxy., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures and 3 tables, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters

Published
2015
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21. ALMA Observations of Asteroid 3 Juno at 60 Kilometer Resolution

Author

Partnership, ALMA, Hunter, T. R., Kneissl, R., Moullet, A., Brogan, C. L., Fomalont, E. B., Vlahakis, C., Asaki, Y., Barkats, D., Dent, W. R. F., Hills, R., Hirota, A., Hodge, J. A., Impellizzeri, C. M. V., Liuzzo, E., Lucas, R., Marcelino, N., Matsushita, S., Nakanishi, K., Perez, L. M., Phillips, N., Richards, A. M. S., Toledo, I., Aladro, R., Broguiere, D., Cortes, J. R., Cortes, P. C., Espada, D., Galarza, F., Garcia-Appadoo, D., Guzman-Ramirez, L., Hales, A. S., Humphreys, E. M., Jung, T., Kameno, S., Laing, R. A., Leon, S., Marconi, G., Mignano, A., Nikolic, B., Nyman, L. -A., Radiszcz, M., Remijan, A., Rodon, J. A., Sawada, T., Takahashi, S., Tilanus, R. P. J., Vilaro, B. Vila, Watson, L. C., Wiklind, T., de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I., Di Francesco, J., Mangum, J., Francke, H., Gallardo, J., Garcia, J., Gonzalez, S., Hill, T., Kaminski, T., Kurono, Y., Lopez, C., Morales, F., Plarre, K., Randall, S., van kempen, T., Videla, L., Villard, E., Andreani, P., Hibbard, J. E., and Tatematsu, K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.3 mm continuum images of the asteroid 3 Juno obtained with an angular resolution of 0.042 arcseconds (60 km at 1.97 AU). The data were obtained over a single 4.4 hr interval, which covers 60% of the 7.2 hr rotation period, approximately centered on local transit. A sequence of ten consecutive images reveals continuous changes in the asteroid's profile and apparent shape, in good agreement with the sky projection of the three-dimensional model of the Database of Asteroid Models from Inversion Techniques. We measure a geometric mean diameter of 259pm4 km, in good agreement with past estimates from a variety of techniques and wavelengths. Due to the viewing angle and inclination of the rotational pole, the southern hemisphere dominates all of the images. The median peak brightness temperature is 215pm13 K, while the median over the whole surface is 197pm15 K. With the unprecedented resolution of ALMA, we find that the brightness temperature varies across the surface with higher values correlated to the subsolar point and afternoon areas, and lower values beyond the evening terminator. The dominance of the subsolar point is accentuated in the final four images, suggesting a reduction in the thermal inertia of the regolith at the corresponding longitudes, which are possibly correlated to the location of the putative large impact crater. These results demonstrate ALMA's potential to resolve thermal emission from the surface of main belt asteroids, and to measure accurately their position, geometric shape, rotational period, and soil characteristics., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters

Published
2015
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22. First Results from High Angular Resolution ALMA Observations Toward the HL Tau Region

Author

Partnership, ALMA, Brogan, C. L., Perez, L. M., Hunter, T. R., Dent, W. R. F., Hales, A. S., Hills, R., Corder, S., Fomalont, E. B., Vlahakis, C., Asaki, Y., Barkats, D., Hirota, A., Hodge, J. A., Impellizzeri, C. M. V., Kneissl, R., Liuzzo, E., Lucas, R., Marcelino, N., Matsushita, S., Nakanishi, K., Phillips, N., Richards, A. M. S., Toledo, I., Aladro, R., Broguiere, D., Cortes, J. R., Cortes, P. C., Espada, D., Galarza, F., Garcia-Appadoo, D., Guzman-Ramirez, L., Humphreys, E. M., Jung, T., Kameno, S., Laing, R. A., Leon, S., Marconi, G., Mignano, A., Nikolic, B., Nyman, L. -A., Radiszcz, M., Remijan, A., Rodon, J. A., Sawada, T., Takahashi, S., Tilanus, R. P. J., Vilaro, B. Vila, Watson, L. C., Wiklind, T., Akiyama, E., Chapillon, E., de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I., Di Francesco, J., Gueth, F., Kawamura, A., Lee, C. -F., Luong, Q. Nguyen, Mangum, J., Pietu, V., Sanhueza, P., Saigo, K., Takakuwa, S., Ubach, C., van Kempen, T., Wootten, A., Castro-Carrizo, A., Francke, H., Gallardo, J., Garcia, J., Gonzalez, S., Hill, T., Kaminski, T., Kurono, Y., Liu, H. -Y., Lopez, C., Morales, F., Plarre, K., Schieven, G., Testi, L., Videla, L., Villard, E., Andreani, P., Hibbard, J. E., and Tatematsu, K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations from the 2014 Long Baseline Campaign in dust continuum and spectral line emission from the HL Tau region. The continuum images at wavelengths of 2.9, 1.3, and 0.87 mm have unprecedented angular resolutions of 0.075 arcseconds (10 AU) to 0.025 arcseconds (3.5 AU), revealing an astonishing level of detail in the circumstellar disk surrounding the young solar analogue HL Tau, with a pattern of bright and dark rings observed at all wavelengths. By fitting ellipses to the most distinct rings, we measure precise values for the disk inclination (46.72pm0.05 degrees) and position angle (+138.02pm0.07 degrees). We obtain a high-fidelity image of the 1.0 mm spectral index ($\alpha$), which ranges from $\alpha\sim2.0$ in the optically-thick central peak and two brightest rings, increasing to 2.3-3.0 in the dark rings. The dark rings are not devoid of emission, we estimate a grain emissivity index of 0.8 for the innermost dark ring and lower for subsequent dark rings, consistent with some degree of grain growth and evolution. Additional clues that the rings arise from planet formation include an increase in their central offsets with radius and the presence of numerous orbital resonances. At a resolution of 35 AU, we resolve the molecular component of the disk in HCO+ (1-0) which exhibits a pattern over LSR velocities from 2-12 km/s consistent with Keplerian motion around a ~1.3 solar mass star, although complicated by absorption at low blue-shifted velocities. We also serendipitously detect and resolve the nearby protostars XZ Tau (A/B) and LkHa358 at 2.9 mm., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters

Published
2015
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24. Ordered magnetic fields around the 3C 84 central black hole

Author

Paraschos, G. F., primary, Kim, J.-Y., additional, Wielgus, M., additional, Röder, J., additional, Krichbaum, T. P., additional, Ros, E., additional, Agudo, I., additional, Myserlis, I., additional, Moscibrodzka, M., additional, Traianou, E., additional, Zensus, J. A., additional, Blackburn, L., additional, Chan, C.-K., additional, Issaoun, S., additional, Janssen, M., additional, Johnson, M. D., additional, Fish, V. L., additional, Akiyama, K., additional, Alberdi, A., additional, Alef, W., additional, Algaba, J. C., additional, Anantua, R., additional, Asada, K., additional, Azulay, R., additional, Bach, U., additional, Baczko, A.-K., additional, Ball, D., additional, Baloković, M., additional, Barrett, J., additional, Bauböck, M., additional, Benson, B. A., additional, Bintley, D., additional, Blundell, R., additional, Bouman, K. L., additional, Bower, G. C., additional, Boyce, H., additional, Bremer, M., additional, Brinkerink, C. D., additional, Brissenden, R., additional, Britzen, S., additional, Broderick, A. E., additional, Broguiere, D., additional, Bronzwaer, T., additional, Bustamante, S., additional, Byun, D.-Y., additional, Carlstrom, J. E., additional, Ceccobello, C., additional, Chael, A., additional, Chang, D. O., additional, Chatterjee, K., additional, Chatterjee, S., additional, Chen, M. T., additional, Chen, Y., additional, Cheng, X., additional, Cho, I., additional, Christian, P., additional, Conroy, N. S., additional, Conway, J. E., additional, Cordes, J. M., additional, Crawford, T. M., additional, Crew, G. B., additional, Cruz-Osorio, A., additional, Cui, Y., additional, Dahale, R., additional, Davelaar, J., additional, De Laurentis, M., additional, Deane, R., additional, Dempsey, J., additional, Desvignes, G., additional, Dexter, J., additional, Dhruv, V., additional, Doeleman, S. S., additional, Dougal, S., additional, Dzib, S. A., additional, Eatough, R. P., additional, Emami, R., additional, Falcke, H., additional, Farah, J., additional, Fomalont, E., additional, Ford, H. A., additional, Foschi, M., additional, Fraga-Encinas, R., additional, Freeman, W. T., additional, Friberg, P., additional, Fromm, C. M., additional, Fuentes, A., additional, Galison, P., additional, Gammie, C. F., additional, García, R., additional, Gentaz, O., additional, Georgiev, B., additional, Goddi, C., additional, Gold, R., additional, Gómez-Ruiz, A. I., additional, Gómez, J. L., additional, Gu, M., additional, Gurwell, M., additional, Hada, K., additional, Haggard, D., additional, Haworth, K., additional, Hecht, M. H., additional, Hesper, R., additional, Heumann, D., additional, Ho, L. C., additional, Ho, P., additional, Honma, M., additional, Huang, C. L., additional, Huang, L., additional, Hughes, D. H., additional, Ikeda, S., additional, Impellizzeri, C. M. V., additional, Inoue, M., additional, James, D. J., additional, Jannuzi, B. T., additional, Jeter, B., additional, Jaing, W., additional, Jiménez-Rosales, A., additional, Jorstad, S., additional, Joshi, A. V., additional, Jung, T., additional, Karami, M., additional, Karuppusamy, R., additional, Kawashima, T., additional, Keating, G. K., additional, Kettenis, M., additional, Kim, D.-J., additional, Kim, J., additional, Kino, M., additional, Koay, J. Y., additional, Kocherlakota, P., additional, Kofuji, Y., additional, Koch, P. M., additional, Koyama, S., additional, Kramer, C., additional, Kramer, J. A., additional, Kramer, M., additional, Kuo, C.-Y., additional, La Bella, N., additional, Lauer, T. R., additional, Lee, D., additional, Lee, S.-S., additional, Leung, P. K., additional, Levis, A., additional, Li, Z., additional, Lico, R., additional, Lindahl, G., additional, Lindqvist, M., additional, Lisakov, M., additional, Liu, J., additional, Liu, K., additional, Liuzzo, E., additional, Lo, W.-P., additional, Lobanov, A. P., additional, Loinard, L., additional, Lonsdale, C. J., additional, Lowitz, A. E., additional, Lu, R.-S., additional, MacDonald, N. R., additional, Mao, J., additional, Marchili, N., additional, Markoff, S., additional, Marrone, D. P., additional, Marscher, A. P., additional, Martí-Vidal, I., additional, Matsushita, S., additional, Matthews, L. D., additional, Medeiros, L., additional, Menten, K. M., additional, Michalik, D., additional, Mizuno, I., additional, Mizuno, Y., additional, Moran, J. M., additional, Moriyama, K., additional, Mulaudzi, W., additional, Müller, C., additional, Müller, H., additional, Mus, A., additional, Musoke, G., additional, Nadolski, A., additional, Nagai, H., additional, Nagar, N. M., additional, Nakamura, M., additional, Narayanan, G., additional, Natarajan, I., additional, Nathanail, A., additional, Navarro Fuentes, S., additional, Neilsen, J., additional, Neri, R., additional, Ni, C., additional, Noutsos, A., additional, Nowak, M. A., additional, Oh, J., additional, Okino, H., additional, Olivares, H., additional, Ortiz-León, G. N., additional, Oyama, T., additional, Özel, F., additional, Palumbo, D. C. M., additional, Park, J., additional, Parsons, H., additional, Patel, N., additional, Pen, U.-L., additional, Piétu, V., additional, Plambeck, R., additional, PopStefanija, A., additional, Porth, O., additional, Pötzl, F. M., additional, Prather, B., additional, Preciado-López, J. A., additional, Psaltis, D., additional, Pu, H.-Y., additional, Ramakrishnan, V., additional, Rao, R., additional, Rawlings, M. G., additional, Raymond, A. W., additional, Rezzolla, L., additional, Ricarte, A., additional, Ripperda, B., additional, Roelofs, F., additional, Rogers, A., additional, Romero-Cañizales, C., additional, Roshanineshat, A., additional, Rottmann, H., additional, Roy, A. L., additional, Ruiz, I., additional, Ruszczyk, C., additional, Rygl, K. L. J., additional, Sánchez, S., additional, Sánchez-Argüelles, D., additional, Sánchez-Portal, M., additional, Sasada, M., additional, Satapathy, K., additional, Savolainen, T., additional, Schloerb, F. P., additional, Schonfeld, J., additional, Schuster, K., additional, Shao, L., additional, Shen, Z., additional, Small, D., additional, Sohn, B. W., additional, SooHoo, J., additional, Sosapanta Salas, L. D., additional, Souccar, K., additional, Sun, H., additional, Tazaki, F., additional, Tetarenko, A. J., additional, Tiede, P., additional, Tilanus, R. P. J., additional, Titus, M., additional, Torne, P., additional, Toscano, T., additional, Trent, T., additional, Trippe, S., additional, Turk, M., additional, van Bemmel, I., additional, van Langevelde, H. J., additional, van Rossum, D. R., additional, Vos, J., additional, Wagner, J., additional, Ward-Thompson, D., additional, Wardle, J., additional, Washington, J. E., additional, Weintroub, J., additional, Wharton, R., additional, Wiik, K., additional, Witzel, G., additional, Wondrak, M. F., additional, Wong, G. N., additional, Wu, Q., additional, Yadlapalli, N., additional, Yamaguchi, P., additional, Yfantis, A., additional, Yoon, D., additional, Young, A., additional, Young, K., additional, Younsi, Z., additional, Yu, W., additional, Yuan, F., additional, Yuan, Y.-F., additional, Zhang, S., additional, Zhao, G. Y., additional, and Zhao, S.-S., additional

Published
2024
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25. Worldwide forest surveys reveal forty-three new species in Phytophthora major Clade 2 with fundamental implications for the evolution and biogeography of the genus and global plant biosecurity

Author

Jung, T., primary, Milenković, I., additional, Balci, Y., additional, Janoušek, J., additional, Kudláček, T., additional, Nagy, Z.Á., additional, Baharuddin, B., additional, Bakonyi, J., additional, Broders, K.D., additional, Cacciola, S.O., additional, Chang, T.-T., additional, Chi, N.M., additional, Corcobado, T., additional, Cravador, A., additional, Đorđević, B., additional, Durán, A., additional, Ferreira, M., additional, Fu, C.-H., additional, Garcia, L., additional, Hieno, A., additional, Ho, H.-H., additional, Hong, C., additional, Junaid, M., additional, Kageyama, K., additional, Kuswinanti, T., additional, Maia, C., additional, Májek, T., additional, Masuya, H., additional, Magnano di San Lio, G., additional, Mendieta-Araica, B., additional, Nasri, N., additional, Oliveira, L.S.S., additional, Pane, A., additional, Pérez-Sierra, A., additional, Rosmana, A., additional, Sanfuentes von Stowasser, E., additional, Scanu, B., additional, Singh, R., additional, Stanivuković, Z., additional, Tarigan, M., additional, Thu, P.Q., additional, Tomić, Z., additional, Tomšovský, M., additional, Uematsu, S., additional, Webber, J.F., additional, Zheng, H.-C., additional, Zheng, F.-C., additional, Brasier, C.M., additional, and Horta Jung, M., additional

Published
2024
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26. Divergent consensuses on Arctic amplification influence on midlatitude severe winter weather

Author

Cohen, J., Zhang, X., Francis, J., Jung, T., Kwok, R., Overland, J., Ballinger, T. J., Bhatt, U. S., Chen, H. W., Coumou, D., Feldstein, S., Gu, H., Handorf, D., Henderson, G., Ionita, M., Kretschmer, M., Laliberte, F., Lee, S., Linderholm, H. W., Maslowski, W., Peings, Y., Pfeiffer, K., Rigor, I., Semmler, T., Stroeve, J., Taylor, P. C., Vavrus, S., Vihma, T., Wang, S., Wendisch, M., Wu, Y., and Yoon, J.

Published
2020
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28. VLBI instrument for Millimetron Space Observatory

Author

Zmuidzinas, Jonas, Gao, Jian-Rong, Khudchenko, A., Turygin, S., Golubev, E., Rudakov, K. I., Smirnov, A., Cherny, R., Baryshev, A., Andrianov, A., Andrianov, M., Arkhipov, M., Ozolin, A., Kostenko, V., Vodzyanovsky, Y. O., Nazarov, G. P., Ivashentseva, I., Tretyakov, I. V., Koshelets, V. P., Larchenkova, T. I., Shchurov, M. A., Syachina, T., Hesper, R., Lee, J.-W., Jung, T., Rudnitskiy, A., and Likhachev, S. F.

Published
2024
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29. Study of the interactions of pions in the CALICE silicon-tungsten calorimeter prototype

Author

Adloff, C., Karyotakis, Y., Repond, J., Yu, J., Eigen, G., Mikami, Y., Watson, N. K., Wilson, J. A., Goto, T., Mavromanolakis, G., Thomson, M. A., Ward, D. R., Yan, W., Benchekroun, D., Hoummada, A., Khoulaki, Y., Apostolakis, J., Ribon, A., Uzhinskiy, V., Benyamna, M., Cârloganu, C., Fehr, F., Gay, P., Blazey, G. C., Chakraborty, D., Dyshkant, A., Francis, K., Hedin, D., Lima, J. G., Zutshi, V., Hostachy, J. -Y., Krastev, K., Morin, L., D'Ascenzo, N., Cornett, U., David, D., Fabbri, R., Falley, G., Gadow, K., Garutti, E., Göttlicher, P., Jung, T., Karstensen, S., Lucaci-Timoce, A. -I., Lutz, B., Meyer, N., Morgunov, V., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Smirnov, P., Vargas-Trevino, A., Wattimena, N., Wendt, O., Feege, N., Groll, M., Haller, J., Heuer, R. -D., Morozov, S., Richter, S., Samson, J., Kaplan, A., Schultz-Coulon, H. -Ch., Shen, W., Tadday, A., Bilki, B., Norbeck, E., Onel, Y., Kim, E. J., Kim, G., Kim, D-W., Lee, K., Lee, S. C., Kawagoe, K., Tamura, Y., Dauncey, P. D., Magnan, A. -M., Yilmaz, H., Zorba, O., Bartsch, V., Postranecky, M., Warren, M., Wing, M., Green, M. G., Salvatore, F., Bedjidian, M., Kieffer, R., Laktineh, I., Fouz, M. -C., Bailey, D. S., Barlow, R. J., Kelly, M., Thompson, R. J., Danilov, M., Tarkovsky, E., Baranova, N., Karmanov, D., Korolev, M., Merkin, M., Voronin, A., Frey, A., Lu, S., Seidel, K., Simon, F., Soldner, C., Weuste, L., Bonis, J., Bouquet, B., Callier, S., Cornebise, P., Doublet, Ph., Giannelli, M. Faucci, Fleury, J., Li, H., Martin-Chassard, G., Richard, F., de la Taille, Ch., Poeschl, R., Raux, L., Seguin-Moreau, N., Wicek, F., Anduze, M., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Gaycken, G., Jeans, D., de Freitas, P. Mora, Musat, G., Reinhard, M., Rougé, A., Ruan, M., Vanel, J-Ch., Videau, H., Park, K-H., Zacek, J., Cvach, J., Gallus, P., Havranek, M., Janata, M., Marcisovsky, M., Polak, I., Popule, J., Tomasek, L., Tomasek, M., Ruzicka, P., Sicho, P., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., Belhorma, B., Belmir, M., Nam, S. W., Park, I. H., Yang, J., Chai, Jong-Seo, Kim, Jong-Tae, Kim, Geun-Bum, Kang, J., and Kwon, Y. -J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A prototype silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter for an ILC detector was tested in 2007 at the CERN SPS test beam. Data were collected with electron and hadron beams in the energy range 8 to 80 GeV. The analysis described here focuses on the interactions of pions in the calorimeter. One of the main objectives of the CALICE program is to validate the Monte Carlo tools available for the design of a full-sized detector. The interactions of pions in the Si-W calorimeter are therefore confronted with the predictions of various physical models implemented in the GEANT4 simulation framework.

Published
2010
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30. Construction and Commissioning of the CALICE Analog Hadron Calorimeter Prototype

Author

Adloff, C., Karyotakis, Y., Repond, J., Brandt, A., Brown, H., De, K., Medina, C., Smith, J., Li, J., Sosebee, M., White, A., Yu, J., Buanes, T., Eigen, G., Mikami, Y., Miller, O., Watson, N. K., Wilson, J. A., Goto, T., Mavromanolakis, G., Thomson, M. A., Ward, D. R., Yan, W., Benchekroun, D., Hoummada, A., Khoulaki, Y., Oreglia, M., Benyamna, M., Cârloganu, C., Gay, P., Ha, J., Blazey, G. C., Chakraborty, D., Dyshkant, A., Francis, K., Hedin, D., Lima, G., Zutshi, V., Babkin, V. A., Bazylev, S. N., Fedotov, Yu. I., Slepnev, V. M., Tiapkin, I. A., Volgin, S. V., Hostachy, J. -Y., Morin, L., D?Ascenzo, N., Cornett, U., David, D., Fabbri, R., Falley, G., Feege, N., Gadow, K., Garutti, E., Göttlicher, P., Jung, T., Karstensen, S., Korbel, V., Lucaci-Timoce, A. -I., Lutz, B., Meyer, N., Morgunov, V., Reinecke, M., Schätzel, S., Schmidt, S., Sefkow, F., Smirnov, P., Vargas-Trevino, A., Wattimena, N., Wendt, O., Groll, M., Heuer, R. -D., Richter, S., Samson, J., Kaplan, A., Schultz-Coulon, H. -Ch., Shen, W., Tadday, A., Bilki, B., Norbeck, E., Onel, Y., Kim, E. J., Kim, G., Kim, D-W., Lee, K., Lee, S. C., Kawagoe, K., Tamura, Y., Ballin, J. A., Dauncey, P. D., Magnan, A. -M., Yilmaz, H., Zorba, O., Bartsch, V., Postranecky, M., Warren, M., Wing, M., Giannelli, M. Faucci, Green, M. G., Salvatore, F., Kieffer, R., Laktineh, I., Fouz, M. C, Bailey, D. S., Barlow, R. J., Thompson, R. J., Batouritski, M., Dvornikov, O., Shulhevich, Yu., Shumeiko, N., Solin, A., Starovoitov, P., Tchekhovski, V., Terletski, A., Bobchenko, B., Chadeeva, M., Danilov, M., Markin, O., Mizuk, R., Novikov, E., Rusinov, V., Tarkovsky, E., Andreev, V., Kirikova, N., Komar, A., Kozlov, V., Soloviev, Y., Terkulov, A., Buzhan, P., Dolgoshein, B., Ilyin, A., Kantserov, V., Kaplin, V., Karakash, A., Popova, E., Smirnov, S., Baranova, N., Boos, E., Gladilin, L., Karmanov, D., Korolev, M., Merkin, M., Savin, A., Voronin, A., Topkar, A., Freyk, A., Kiesling, C., Lu, S., Prothmann, K., Seidel, K., Simon, F., Soldner, C., Weuste, L., Bouquet, B., Callier, S., Cornebise, P., Dulucq, F., Fleury, J., Li, H., Martin-Chassard, G., Richard, F., de la Taille, Ch., Poeschl, R., Raux, L., Ruan, M., Seguin-Moreau, N., Wicek, F., Anduze, M., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Gaycken, G., Cornat, R., Jeans, D., de Freitas, P. Mora, Musat, G., Reinhard, M., Rougé, A., Vanel, J-Ch., Videau, H., Park, K-H., Zacek, J., Cvach, J., Gallus, P., Havranek, M., Janata, M., Kvasnicka, J., Marcisovsky, M., Polak, I., Popule, J., Tomasek, L., Tomasek, M., Ruzicka, P., Sicho, P., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., Arestov, Yu., Ammosov, V., Chuiko, B., Gapienko, V., Gilitski, Y., Koreshev, V., Semak, A., Sviridov, Yu., Zaets, V., Belhorma, B., Belmir, M., Baird, A., Halsall, R. N., Nam, S. W., Park, I. H., Yang, J., Chai, Jong-Seo, Kim, Jong-Tae, Kim, Geun-Bum, Kim, Y., Kang, J., Kwon, Y. -J., Kim, Ilgoo, Lee, Taeyun, Park, Jaehong, Sung, Jinho, Itoh, S., Kotera, K., Nishiyama, M., Takeshita, T., Weber, S., and Zeitnitz, C.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

An analog hadron calorimeter (AHCAL) prototype of 5.3 nuclear interaction lengths thickness has been constructed by members of the CALICE Collaboration. The AHCAL prototype consists of a 38-layer sandwich structure of steel plates and highly-segmented scintillator tiles that are read out by wavelength-shifting fibers coupled to SiPMs. The signal is amplified and shaped with a custom-designed ASIC. A calibration/monitoring system based on LED light was developed to monitor the SiPM gain and to measure the full SiPM response curve in order to correct for non-linearity. Ultimately, the physics goals are the study of hadron shower shapes and testing the concept of particle flow. The technical goal consists of measuring the performance and reliability of 7608 SiPMs. The AHCAL was commissioned in test beams at DESY and CERN. The entire prototype was completed in 2007 and recorded hadron showers, electron showers and muons at different energies and incident angles in test beams at CERN and Fermilab., Comment: 36 pages, 32 figures

Published
2010
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33. First report of Phytophthora platani causing bark canker and dieback on London plane in the United Kingdom.

Author

Pérez‐Sierra, A., Chitty, R., Rodger, I., Chambers, J., Horta Jung, M., Cacciola, S. O., and Jung, T.

Subjects
ALUMINUM films, REGIONAL development, ALUMINUM foil, PLASTIC films, WOOD, BARK
Abstract

This article reports the first case of Phytophthora platani, a pathogenic fungus, causing bark canker and dieback on a London plane tree in the United Kingdom. The decline symptoms were observed in April 2020, and the affected limb died within a year. Phytophthora was isolated from the bark, wood, and soil associated with the diseased tree, and DNA analysis confirmed it as P. platani. An inoculation test on London plane trees showed that P. platani caused external lesions, while another species, P. plurivora, did not. This is the first report of P. platani in the UK, and it is still unknown how the pathogen infected the tree. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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34. Extensive morphological and behavioural diversity among fourteen new and seven described species in Phytophthora Clade 10 and its evolutionary implications

Author

Jung, T., Milenković, I., Corcobado, T., Májek, T., Janoušek, J., Kudláček, T., Tomšovský, M., Nagy, Z.Á., Durán, A., Tarigan, M., Sanfuentes von Stowasser, E., Singh, R., Ferreira, M., Webber, J. F., Scanu, B., Chi, N. M., Thu, P. Q., Junaid, M., Rosmana, A., Baharuddin, B., Kuswinanti, T., Nasri, N., Kageyama, K., Hieno, A., Masuya, H., Uematsu, S., Oliva, J., Redondo, M., Maia, Cristiana, Matsiakh, I., Kramarets, V., O'Hanlon, R., Tomić, Ž., Brasier, C. M., Horta Jung, M., and Naturalis journals & series

Subjects
Gondwana, Ecology, Evolution, Laurasia, phylogeny, allopatric, radiation, Biogeography, Behavior and Systematics, sympatric, oomycete, Allopatric, biogeography, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

During extensive surveys of global Phytophthora diversity 14 new species detected in natural ecosystems in Chile, Indonesia, USA (Louisiana), Sweden, Ukraine and Vietnam were assigned to Phytophthora major Clade 10 based on a multigene phylogeny of nine nuclear and three mitochondrial gene regions. Clade 10 now comprises three subclades. Subclades 10a and 10b contain species with nonpapillate sporangia, a range of breeding systems and a mainly soil-and waterborne lifestyle. These include the previously described P. afrocarpa, P. gallica and P. intercalaris and eight of the new species: P. ludoviciana, P. procera, P. pseudogallica, P. scandinavica, P. subarctica, P. tenuimura, P. tonkinensis and P. ukrainensis. In contrast, all species in Subclade 10c have papillate sporangia and are self-fertile (or homothallic) with an aerial lifestyle including the known P. boehmeriae, P. gondwanensis, P. kernoviae and P. morindae and the new species P. celebensis, P. chilensis, P. javanensis, P. multiglobulosa, P. pseudochilensis and P. pseudokernoviae. All new Phytophthora species differed from each other and from related species by their unique combinations of morphological characters, breeding systems, cardinal temperatures and growth rates. The biogeography and evolutionary history of Clade 10 are discussed. We propose that the three subclades originated via the early divergence of pre-Gondwanan ancestors > 175 Mya into water-and soilborne and aerially dispersed lineages and subsequently underwent multiple allopatric and sympatric radiations during their global spread.

Published
2022

36. Electroencephalographic brain dynamics following manually responded visual targets

Author

Makeig, Scott, Delorme, A, Westerfield, M, Jung, T P, Townsend, J, Courchesne, E, and Sejnowski, T J

Abstract

Scalp-recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) signals produced by partial synchronization of cortical field activity mix locally synchronous electrical activities of many cortical areas. Analysis of event-related EEG signals typically assumes that poststimulus potentials emerge out of a flat baseline. Signals associated with a particular type of cognitive event are then assessed by averaging data from each scalp channel across trials, producing averaged event-related potentials (ERPs). ERP averaging, however, filters out much of the information about cortical dynamics available in the unaveraged data trials. Here, we studied the dynamics of cortical electrical activity while subjects detected and manually responded to visual targets, viewing signals retained in ERP averages not as responses of an otherwise silent system but as resulting from event-related alterations in ongoing EEG processes. We applied infomax independent component analysis to parse the dynamics of the unaveraged 31-channel EEG signals into maximally independent processes, then clustered the resulting processes across subjects by similarities in their scalp maps and activity power spectra, identifying nine classes of EEG processes with distinct spatial distributions and event-related dynamics. Coupled two-cycle postmotor theta bursts followed button presses in frontal midline and somatomotor clusters, while the broad postmotor "P300" positivity summed distinct contributions from several classes of frontal, parietal, and occipital processes. The observed event-related changes in local field activities, within and between cortical areas, may serve to modulate the strength of spike-based communication between cortical areas to update attention, expectancy, memory, and motor preparation during and after target recognition and speeded responding.

Published
2004

43. The great unknown: How brand familiarity affects the relationship between augmented reality and brand attitude in the retail industry

Author

Jung, T., tom Dieck, M.C., Correia Loureiro, S.M., Morren, E.J., Ketelaar, P.E., Smink, A.R., Jung, T., tom Dieck, M.C., Correia Loureiro, S.M., Morren, E.J., Ketelaar, P.E., and Smink, A.R.

Abstract

XR: International XR Conference: XR 2022: Extended Reality and Metaverse (November 3-4, 2022), Item does not contain fulltext, Augmented Reality (AR) is increasingly being used in the retail industry in order to provide consumers the opportunity to virtually try on products. Particularly well-known retail brands invest in AR, but AR might be especially beneficial for lesser-known brands. Based on the Association Theory and Information Integration Theory, this study compared the effects of the use of AR on brand attitude between well-known brands, and unknown brands. An online experiment showed, as expected, that the use of an AR app had a more positive influence on brand attitude for an unknown than for a well-known brand. Not in line with expectations, both the enjoyment of using AR (perceived enjoyment) and the comfortable feeling when deciding for a product after using AR (decision comfort) did not explain this difference in brand attitude. To our knowledge, this is the first AR study that includes brand familiarity and shows that investing in AR pays off, especially for unknown brands.

Published
2023

44. EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces are Vulnerable to Backdoor Attacks.

Author

Meng, L, Jiang, X, Huang, J, Zeng, Z, Yu, S, Jung, T-P, Lin, C-T, Chavarriaga, R, Wu, D, Meng, L, Jiang, X, Huang, J, Zeng, Z, Yu, S, Jung, T-P, Lin, C-T, Chavarriaga, R, and Wu, D

Abstract

Research and development of electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have advanced rapidly, partly due to deeper understanding of the brain and wide adoption of sophisticated machine learning approaches for decoding the EEG signals. However, recent studies have shown that machine learning algorithms are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. This paper proposes to use narrow period pulse for poisoning attack of EEG-based BCIs, which makes adversarial attacks much easier to implement. One can create dangerous backdoors in the machine learning model by injecting poisoning samples into the training set. Test samples with the backdoor key will then be classified into the target class specified by the attacker. What most distinguishes our approach from previous ones is that the backdoor key does not need to be synchronized with the EEG trials, making it very easy to implement. The effectiveness and robustness of the backdoor attack approach is demonstrated, highlighting a critical security concern for EEG-based BCIs and calling for urgent attention to address it.

Published
2023

47. A monitoring campaign (2013–2020) of ESA’s Mars Express to study interplanetary plasma scintillation

Author

Kummamuru, P., primary, Molera Calvés, G., additional, Cimò, G., additional, Pogrebenko, S. V., additional, Bocanegra-Bahamón, T. M., additional, Duev, D. A., additional, Md Said, M. D., additional, Edwards, J., additional, Ma, M., additional, Quick, J., additional, Neidhardt, A., additional, de Vicente, P., additional, Haas, R., additional, Kallunki, J., additional, Maccaferri, G., additional, Colucci, G., additional, Yang, W. J., additional, Hao, L. F., additional, Weston, S., additional, Kharinov, M. A., additional, Mikhailov, A. G., additional, and Jung, T., additional

Published
2023
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48. Extensive morphological and behavioural diversity among fourteen new and seven described species inPhytophthora Clade 10 and its evolutionary implications

Author

Jung, T., primary, Milenković, I., additional, Corcobado, T., additional, Májek, T., additional, Janoušek, J., additional, Kudláček, T., additional, Tomšovský, M., additional, Nagy, Z.Á., additional, Durán, A., additional, Tarigan, M., additional, Sanfuentes von Stowasser, E., additional, Singh, R., additional, Ferreira, M., additional, Webber, J.F., additional, Scanu, B., additional, Chi, N.M., additional, Thu, P.Q., additional, Junaid, M., additional, Rosmana, A., additional, Baharuddin, B., additional, Kuswinanti, T., additional, Nasri, N., additional, Kageyama, K., additional, Hieno, A., additional, Masuya, H., additional, Uematsu, S., additional, Oliva, J., additional, Redondo, M., additional, Maia, C., additional, Matsiakh, I., additional, Kramarets, V., additional, O'Hanlon, R., additional, Tomić, Ž., additional, Brasier, C.M., additional, and Horta Jung, M., additional

Published
2022
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49. Arousing Real or Real Threat? How Realism in Avatars Affects the Perception of Virtual Reality Pornography and Relationships for Heterosexual Women

Author

Cijntje, E, Van Gisbergen, M.S., Jung, T, tom Dieck, C, Correia Loureiro, SM, and Academy for Games & Media

Subjects
Relationship, Fidelity, Virtual Reality, Realism, Pornography, Sexuality
Abstract

New immersive technologies and COVID lockdowns increase the attention for Virtual Reality Pornography (VRP). In this study, heterosexual women were interviewed about the effect of realism in VRP, using a new VRP Role-framework based on six dimensions. Results showed that VRP evokes strong negative and positive emotions. Different types of realism evoked confusion around fidelity and pornography and triggered different relationship boundaries, roles, and rules. Feelings of betrayal and fidelity seemed less when the partner experiences 360° recorded VRP (VR-type-dimension) alone (companion-dimension). Acceptance and confusion appear high around shared computer-generated experiences with control over avatars (interactive-dimension) that look like the self (resemblance-dimension). Feelings of doubt and betrayal seem high when the partner experiences VRP with strangers using realistic-looking avatars (realism-dimension) that resemble (well)known persons or the partner. This study helps companies explore ways to improve VRP content while considering ethical questions society raises concerning VRP’s impact on relationships.

Published
2023

50. Eddy-rich Arctic as future Sea ice disappears in a high-resolution view

Author

Li, X., Wang, Q., Koldunov, N., Sidorenko, D., Danilov, S., Müller, V., and Jung, T.

Abstract

The continuing retreat of sea ice affects the Arctic mesoscale eddies, and its future evolution will strongly influence air-sea-ice interactions. However, knowledge of eddy activity is limited to sparse observations and coarse resolution models. How future eddies and their effects will evolve remains uncertain. Here, we apply the global unstructured model FESOM2 for 143 years of 4.5 km-Arctic simulations up to 2100 and 1 km-Arctic simulations for 5 years from 2010; 2090 to reveal the interactions between eddies, winds, sea ice and the energy budget of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in a high resolution view. We demonstrate a significant increase in future Arctic EKE from 0-200 m, which is stronger in summer when sea ice melts. The future abundance of EKE can be explained by an increase in winter eddy generation and a decrease in summer eddy dissipation. This also leads to an enhancement of the horizontal velocity field, thus filling the Arctic Ocean with eddies in the future., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Published
2023
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