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Background: PMS causes purposeful impairment in efficiency at school/work, impaired relations with friends,, poor social life activities and home responsibilities affecting quality of life. Aims &Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in adolescent girls and to assess the impact of premenstrual syndrome on their quality of life. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done among 380 adolescent girls using a pretested semistructured questionnaire residing in rural field study areas of Department of Community Medicine of a medical college. Results: The prevalence of PMS was reported to be 65.7 % . Head ache (66%) was the most frequent symptom followed by acne (60%) and generalized body ache (57%). Only 37.8% of the girls take their quality of life to be good followed by 1.8% as very good when they were asked about experiencing any negative feelings prior to menses like blue mood, despair,anxiety etc .Around one fourth (26%) of them reported that they never experience any kind of negative feeling .Conclusion: The adolescent girls are in greatest need for physical, psychological support as they experience the most severe PMS symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elderly individuals are more likely to suffer from both short and long-term consequences of COVID19, including exacerbation of existing illnesses, psychological issues, and increased risk of death. This study aimed to understand the medical, perceived psychological, and social health problems faced by the elderly due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This hospital-based study included 225 elderly patients (aged >60 years) with chronic health conditions. Hypertension (70.2%) and diabetes mellitus (64.0%) were the most common morbidities among the study participants. At least 34.7% of the participants had one or more symptoms suggestive of psychological problems due to COVID-19 pandemic. Among the participants, 56.9% had difficulty with routine activities, 10.2% had trouble accessing medications and 8% faced issues in receiving routine medical care. There is a need to protect the interests of the elderly and suggest potential preventive measures and solutions for their medical, social and psychological problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambient air pollution is a major factor that can affect lung growth and reduce lung capacity. This study aims at drawing parallel between respiratory discomfort and lung function between youth of Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR) where air pollution level is poor and hazardous as compared to that of Pauri Garhwal (Uttarakhand) where air pollution level is low via a comparative cross-sectional study. A community-based cross-sectional study conducted among 354 never-smoker subjects (177 from NCR and 177 from Pauri) between the ages of 15 and 29 years. Pulmonary Function Test coupled with COPD Assessment Test (CAT)-based questionnaire for respiratory problems helped elicit information regarding lung health of subjects. Mean forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1st second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow 25–75%, FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak expiratory flow rate were lower by 12.9%, 17%, 5%, 7.8%, and 7.3%, respectively, in NCR participants as compared to that of Pauri. Upon spirometry, restrictive pattern was present in 40 (22.6%), and obstructive pattern was present in 9 (5.1%) of NCR participants. Out of these, nine (5.1%) having obstructive pattern, five (55.6%) had 50% ≤ FEV1<80%, and four (44.4%) had 30% ≤ FEV1<50% of predicted value. Neither restrictive nor obstructive pattern was found evident in subjects from Pauri. The mean CAT score in subjects from NCR was 5.2 ± 4.9 and.46 ± 1.1 in subjects from Pauri. Subjects belonging to NCR performed poorly in spirometry and reported higher respiratory complaints in comparison to participants from Pauri Garhwal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lockdown represents a remarkably effective strategy of social distancing to break the chain of transmission of COVID-19. This state of lockdown led to a significant influence on physical and mental wellbeing of people. The present study was conducted to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety level of general public and find out the associated factors. Methods: The present web based cross-sectional study was carried out among 450 participants in India in the month of May 2020. Data collection was done using online Google form. A semi-structured questionnaire was used. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) Scale was used to assess anxiety symptoms among the participants. Descriptive Statistics and Chi-square test were done using SPSS version 21. Results: Age of the participants ranged between 18 to 71 years. Nearly one-third of the participants were health care professionals. Symptoms of mild anxiety was reported by 17.1% of participants, while 20.2% reported moderate anxiety. Anxiety was found to be significantly more among female gender, health care professional and among the study participants who were going to work daily. Conclusion: Covid-19 pandemic has increased the anxiety level among general public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Flipped classroom aims at exposing the students to teaching material outside of class first and utilizing the class time in deeper understanding of the topic with the discussion in the presence of the teacher. It is a method of teaching learning wherein the students take responsibility of their learning. The present study was to conducted to introduce flipped classroom approach as teaching learning method and to obtain students feedback. Materials and method: The study was descriptive study done in the Department of Anatomy after obtaining the IEC clearance. First year MBBS students who volunteered to participate (138 out of 150) were included in the study after obtaining informed consent. The students were given a pre-class reading material in form of PowerPoint Presentation with voice over for the topics selected for flipped class using Institutional Learning Management System (LMS) seven days before the class. Class time was utilized in discussion of the topic. A questionnaire was used which was validated by other faculty members. Responses were collected using a 5 point Likert scale. Analysis was done by Microsoft Excel 2010. Results: The concept of flipped classroom was well accepted by the students. It was observed that 70% of the students found flipped classroom is more interesting method of learning anatomy compared to traditional lectures. 30% of the students believed flipped class required more time and more preparation. They were of the view that these classes were more interesting, interactive, and motivated them to learn compared to the didactic lectures. Conclusion: Flipped classroom is not a new concept. However, in our country this concept of teaching learning is not very commonly used in medical colleges and can be used as an alternative to the traditional lectures for better understanding of the topic and can be used more often. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nationwide lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic, rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and more intense second wave of pandemic in terms of high caseload, reduced essential supplies and scarcity of beds, and unpredictable mortality had a huge impact on mental health of general population. Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and determine the factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among the general population of India during the second wave of pandemic. Methodology: An online survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence and assess the factors responsible for PTSD among 614 participants who were above 18 years of age. The prevalence of PTSD was measured using PTSD checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder-5 (DSM-5). Results: In the present study, there were a total of 614 participants and the mean age of the participants was 23.64 years. More than half of the participants were female and majority of them were unmarried (76.7%). The prevalence of PTSD was 30.62%. A significant association was observed between occupation and PTSD prevalence. Also, COVID-19 illness, COVID-19 infection among the family members, work outside the home, hospital admissions, difficulty in acquiring the required medication were significantly associated with PTSD. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic and nationwide lockdown led to increased prevalence of psychological effects like PTSD. This highlights the importance of focusing on mental health during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetic foot syndrome is one of the most common and devastating preventable complications of diabetes resulting in major economic consequences for the patients, their families, and the society. Aims & Objectives: The present study was carried out to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of Diabetic Foot Wound Care among the patients suffering from Diabetic Foot and to correlate them with the socio-demographic parameters. Material & Methods: It was a Hospital based cross-sectional study involving clinically diagnosed adult (>18 years) patients of Diabetic Foot visiting the Surgery and Medicine OPDs at Teerthankar Mahaveer Medical College & Research Centre, Moradabad, India. Results: Significant association KAP (Knowledge, Attitude and Practices) score was seen with age of the patient, education, addiction, family history of Diabetes Mellitus, prior receipt of information regarding Diabetic foot-care practices, compliance towards the treatment and the type of foot wear used. Conclusions: The results highlight areas especially Health education, use of safe footwear and life style adjustments, where efforts to improve knowledge and practice may contribute to the prevention of development of Foot ulcers and amputation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Low birthweight has long been used as an important public health indicator. Low birthweight is not a proxy for any one dimension of either maternal or perinatal health outcomes rather this indicator is a good summary measure of a multifaceted public health problem that includes long-term maternal malnutrition, ill health, hard work and poor pregnancy health care. Methods: The present Community based prospective study was conducted in the field practice areas of the Urban and Rural Health Training Centers, Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. Registered pregnant women who were in their first trimester and whose Expected Date of Delivery lie within our study period of one year were considered for study. Three home visits were made (two in antenatal period, one in post-natal period). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Percentages, and Chi Square Test used. Results: Prevalence of LBW was found to be 40%. Statistically significant association was found between antenatal visits, iron folic acid supplementation and birth weight of baby. Conclusion: More number of antenatal visits equate to better antenatal care of females. It may result in better compliance with irofol supplementation and dietary intake and also early detection of any complications thus resulting in lower rates of LBW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]