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Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, driven by excessive lipid peroxidation and/or inactivation/depletion of protective molecules against lipid peroxidation. Ionizing radiation can induce ferroptosis in both normal tissues and tumor cells. Here, we reviewed the findings of ionizing radiation-induced ferroptosis.Ionizing radiation induces an increase in hydroxyl radicals, free iron, and lipid metabolic enzymes, which subsequently synergistically initiate a high level of lipid peroxidation, making ionizing radiation an exogenous inducer of ferroptosis. In addition, ferroptosis may be the primary form of cell death in the bone marrow under hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome. Ionizing radiation can also induce changes in iron metabolism, which may be a target for regulating ferroptosis. Finally, ionizing radiation-induced ferroptosis initiates from the cytoplasm and ends on the membrane, and is independent of DNA damage.

Introduction Space radiation can influence the health of astronauts, and neutron radiation plays a crucial role. We researched the effect of neutron on visual organs of rats, and hope to find the possible mechanism. Materials and methods We irradiated rats with neutrons. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus photography (FP) were used to study the morphological changes of visual organs in living rats. Electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) were measured to research the changes in visual function. ITRAO/TMT labeling and high PH reverse separation were used to identify and quantify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the retina to explore the mechanisms. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were used to screen the key proteins closely related to neutron-induced retinal damage. Results Irradiated rats developed posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). The vessel density of retina increased. The amplitude of b-wave of dark adaptation ERG was increased, which suggested that bipolar cells and Muller cells in retina might be abnormal. The latency of N2-wave of VEP was prolonged, which suggested that combined with the results of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)，the the intracranial pressure (ICP) of rats may be increased. Aquaporin-1, vinculin, Tropomyosin-1 and Myosin light chain kinase may be closely related to the retinal damage by neutron. Conclusion The morphology and function of visual organs are affected by neutrons. The ERG and VEP analysis would be likely to provide reference for non-destructive detection of retinal damage to astronauts in orbit.

In this paper, we construct a new linear second-order finite difference scheme with two parameters for space-fractional Allen–Cahn equations. We first prove that the discrete maximum principle holds under reasonable constraints on time step size and coefficient of stabilized term. Secondly, we analyze the maximum-norm error. Thirdly, we can see that the proposed scheme is unconditionally energy-stable by defining the modified energy and selecting the appropriate parameters. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to verify the theoretical results.

Our studies showed that the living irradiated Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a good biosorption capacity for strontium and high tolerance to irradiation, but the mechanisms of this bioaccumulation ar...

In this paper, we produced Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae)-Fe3O4 (S@F) by a low-cost and self-assembly technique called the one-step method. The results of SEM and XRD showed that nano-Fe3O4 particles had successfully attached to the surface of S. cerevisiae and the results of TEM indicted that nano-Fe3O4 particles had a uniform core–shell structure to the composite S. cerevisiae with a magnetic core. The results of FTIR showed that nano-Fe3O4 particles were mainly combined with S. cerevisiae through chemical bonds. Meanwhile, the VSM analysis and SBET results reflected that S@F had a good magnetization and big surface area. Strontium ion sorption of S@F was independent of ionic concentration and pH, indicating that the complexion and electrostatic attraction dominated the sorption. Besides, the results of VSM analysis and SBET reflected that S@F had good magnetization and large surface area, and we found that the adsorption capacity of S@F for strontium ions was independent of ion concentration and pH, which indicated that complexation and electrostatic attraction played a dominant role in the adsorption process. S@F needed 16 h to get the maximum from our pseudo-second-order kinetic study analysis and The maximum adsorption capacity of S@F calculated by the Langmuir isotherm model is 20.47 mg g−1. Moreover, whether it is in a single working condition, in simulated low-level wastewater or a radiation environment, S@F always has good regeneration ability and reusable performance (after three cycles, S@F almost maintains the same adsorption capacity). In summary, these findings indicate that S@F can be a renewable material for nuclear wastewater treatment.

Purpose: To study whether radiation-induced bleeding in the bone marrow induced iron accumulation, and subsequently caused ferroptosis in granulocyte-macrophage hematopoietic progenitor cells.Mater...

Accumulating evidence suggests that ionizing radiation (IR)-induced cataract may be associated with oxidative stress. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) serves as a master regulator of the antioxidant defense system against oxidative stress. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of neutron radiation on the Nrf2-reegulated antioxidant defense system in rat lens and assess the status of oxidative stress. A total of 24 SD rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: i) Control group; iis) 0.4 Sv group; iii) 1.2 Sv group; and iv) 3.6 Sv group. The rats were sacrificed 7 days after radiation and lenses were dissected for histological, biochemical (malondialdehyde, glutathione and superoxide dismutase) and western blot (Nrf2, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and heme oxygenase 1) analyses. The morphological features of the lenses remained intact in the 0.4 Sv, 1.2 Sv and control groups, whilst the lenses in the 3.6 Sv group exhibited injuries. Results from the TUNEL assay demonstrated apparent apoptosis in lens epithelial cells following 3.6 Sv neutron radiation whereas sparse apoptosis was observed following 0.4 Sv and 1.2 Sv radiation. Malondialdehyde levels were reduced in the 0.4 Sv and 1.2 Sv groups but increased in the 3.6 Sv group, compared with those in the control group. Conversely, glutathione expression and the activity of superoxide dismutase were higher in the 0.4 Sv and 1.2 Sv groups, but lower in the 3.6 Sv group, compared with those in the control group. In addition, the total and nuclear protein levels of Nrf2 were increased following neutron radiation compared with those in the control group, though the Nrf2 protein levels decreased in the 3.6 Sv group compared with those in the 1.2 Sv group. The levels of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and heme oxygenase 1, downstream antioxidant enzymes of Nrf2, demonstrated the same profile as that in Nrf2. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that neutron radiation affects Nrf2-regulated antioxidant systems in a two-stage process. Namely, the induction phase for low-dose radiation and regression phase for high-dose radiation. Therefore, it was hypothesized that activation and enhancement of the Nrf2-regulated antioxidant system may be useful in preventing or delaying IR-induced cataract, which may be extended even for other diseases associated with oxidative stress.

Baicalein (an anti-ferroptosis drug) was recently reported to synergistically improve the survival rate of mice following a high dose of total body irradiation with anti-apoptosis and anti-necroptosis drugs. At the same time, our group has demonstrated that ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, improves the survival rate of a mouse model of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome to 60% for 150 days (Male ICR mice (8-10 weeks old) were exposed to doses of 0, 8, or 10 Gy irradiated from aFerrostatin-1 increased the number of red and white blood cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes in the peripheral blood after total body irradiation in mice by mitigating the ferroptosis of BMMCs. Total body irradiation induced ferroptosis in BMMCs by increasing the iron and lipid peroxidation levels and depleting the acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ASCL4), lipoxygenase 15, glutathione peroxidase 4, and glutathione levels. Ferroptotic BMMCs did not release TNF-α, IL-6, or IL-1β at the early stage of radiation exposure. Ferrostatin-1 mitigated the lipid peroxidation of radiation-induced ferroptosis by attenuating increases in levels of hemosiderin and liable iron pool and decreases in levels of ASCL4 and glutathione peroxidase 4.The onset of total body irradiation-induced ferroptosis in BMMCs involved changes in iron, lipid metabolic enzymes, and anti-lipid peroxidation molecules. Ferrostatin-1 could be a potential radiation mitigation agent by acting on these targets.

In this work, magnetic yeast (MY) was produced through an in situ one-step method. Then, MY was used as the core and the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as the template to produce highly selective magnetic yeast-molecularly imprinted polymers (MY@MIPs). The physicochemical properties of MY@MIPs were assessed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), specific surface area (SBET) determination, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to compare MY@MIPs with MY and MY@NIPs (magnetic yeast-molecularly imprinted polymers without template), with MY@MIPs showing a better performance in the removal of SMX from water. Adsorption of SMX onto MY@MIPs was described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm, with maximum adsorption capacities of 77 and 24 mg g−1 from ultrapure and wastewater, respectively. Furthermore, MY@MIPs displayed a highly selective adsorption toward SMX in the presence of other pharmaceuticals, namely diclofenac (DCF) and carbamazepine (CBZ). Finally, regeneration experiments showed that SMX adsorption decreased 21 and 34% after the first and second regeneration cycles, respectively. This work demonstrates that MY@MIPs are promising sorbent materials for the selective removal of SMX from wastewater., This work is a contribution to the research project WasteMAC (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028598) funded by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., through national funds, and the co-funding by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020. Thanks are due to FCT/ Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (MCTES), for the financial support to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020), through national funds. The work was also sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (SBK201404182); the environmental protection scientific research subject in Jiangsu province (Grant NO.2016003); and the A Project Fund by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). Marta Otero and Vânia Calisto are thankful to FCT for the Investigator Program (IF/00314/2015) and for the Scientific Employment Stimulus (CEECIND/00007/2017), respectively. Guilaine Jaria thanks for her FCT PhD grant (SFRH/BD/138388/2018) supported by the National Funds and FSE, POCH (Programa Operacional Capital Humano), and the European Union. María V. Gil acknowledges support from a Ramón y Cajal grant (RYC-2017-21937) of the Spanish Government, co-financed by the European Social Fund (ESF).

We describe synthesis of high-quality crystalline ZnO thin films via hydrothermal solution method at low temperature. A variety of ZnO material structures (nanowires, nanorods , and thin films) have been obtained with various Cu(NO 3)2 concentrations of the precursor solution. Interdigitated finger metal-semiconductor-metal structure UV photodetector with gold Schottky contact is fabricated based on the ZnO materials, which has been employed to investigate the UV photo detection performance. Our results indicate that the performance of the device depends on the structure of the ZnO materials. With Cu(NO 3)2 concentration of 0.25 mM, the photodetector with the lowest dark current of 1.88 nA, responsivity of 1.46A/W, and UV-to-Visible rejection ratio up to four orders at 1 V bias has been achieved.

In this study, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) was modified by γ-ray. The RNA-seq results reflect that the high γ-ray energies could change some gene fragments, such as deletion, recombination, and mutation. The biosorption of strontium ions (Sr2+) to different types of S. cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae (K-0), modified S. cerevisiae (Y-7), and non-living S. cerevisiae (H-K)) from the simulated high-level liquid waste (S-HLLW) was assessed at different experimental conditions. The sorption experimental results show that, under an appropriate condition, γ-ray radiation can enhance its biosorption capacity slightly of Sr2+ to S. cerevisiae. The maximum metal uptake and efficiency of Y-7 under S-HLLW were 11.656 mg g−1 and 37.91% at 32 h (wet weight), respectively. They decreased to 9.46 mg g−1 and 30.76% under radiation conditions. SEM-EDX and TEM analysis indicates that Sr2+ was adsorbed both on the cellular surface and the inner parts of the cells. Our experimental results fit well to the Langmuir and Freundlich model isotherms (r2 > 0.94), and the maximum biosorption capacity values reached qmax > 24.74 mg g−1 at 32 °C. Negative values of ΔG0 and positive values of ΔH0 were observed, indicating the spontaneous and endothermic nature of Sr2+ biosorption on modified S. cerevisiae. The biosorption kinetics follow a pseudo-second-order equation at 32 °C (r2 > 0.94). The desorption efficiency of Sr2+ adsorbed onto Y-7 was 7.65 ± 0.52%, 76.51 ± 2.13%, and 65.62 ± 2.42% by deionized water, 1 M HCl, and 0.1 M EDTA-Na, respectively. However, they were lower than H-K (18.82, 83.32, and 73.32%). Our findings demonstrate that living S. cerevisiae (Y-7) is a promising sorbent material for the treatment of radioactive process streams.

Radiotherapy is one of the main therapeutic methods for cancers, but radiation resistance of cancer cells still remains a serious concern. Searching for radiosensitizers to overcome such resistance is therefore urgently required. The goal of this study is to evaluate and compare the radiosensitizing efficacy of Fe3O4-OA, Ag and Fe3O4@Ag nanoparticles on U251 cells. The results show that Fe3O4@Ag nanoparticles have the highest ability of radiosensitization among the three nanoparticles. The underlying mechanism of Fe3O4@Ag nanoparticles' radiosensitivity enhancement is through decrease of the cytoprotective autophagy at the early stage, and increase of the calcium-dependent apoptosis at the later stage. These findings suggest the potential application of Fe3O4@Ag nanoparticles as a highly effective nano-radiosensitizer for the treatment of glioblastoma cells.

In this paper, we propose a new linear second-order finite difference scheme for Allen–Cahn equations. We use a modified Leap-Frog finite difference scheme with stabilized term and a central finite difference scheme for temporal and spatial discretization respectively. It is shown that the discrete maximum principle holds under reasonable constraints on time step size and coefficient of stabilized term. Based on the maximum stability, the maximum-norm error is analyzed. Moreover, we can see that the proposed scheme is unconditionally energy-stable. Finally, a numerical experiment is performed to verify the theoretical results.

The long-term corrosion resistance of CrMoSiCN coating is investigated in seawater using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique; it proved that the long-term corrosion resistance is improved by the reaction layer formed on the CrMoSiCN coating during the long-immersion test. It demonstrated that CrMoSiCN coating could provide a long-term protective effect on Ti6Al4V alloy. Besides, a novel method enhanced the antibacterial effect of CrMoSiCN coating induced by friction behaviors is reported. The antibacterial test showed that the H3O+ and H2MoO4 generated by friction-induced behaviors could effectively kill the bacteria.

Adsorption behavior and mechanism of Sr(II) and Cs(I) in single and binary solutions using irradiated Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. The effects of several environmental factors on Sr(II) and Cs(I) adsorption to irradiated Saccharomyces cerevisiae was determined. The equilibrium experimental data were simulated by different kinetic models and isotherm models. The combined effect of Sr(II) and Cs(I) on Saccharomyces cerevisiae is generally antagonistic. SEM and EDS analyses indicate that crystals formed on the cell surface are precipitate of Sr(II) and Cs(I), respectively.

As a new-emerging method for strontium disposal, biosorption has shown advantages such as high sorption capacity; low cost. In this study, we investigated the potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) in strontium disposal under culture conditions and the effects of irradiation on their biosorption capabilities. We found that S. cerevisiae can survive irradiation and grow. Pre-exposure to irradiation rendered S. cerevisiae resistant to further irradiation. Surprisingly, the pre-exposure to irradiation can increase the biosorption capability of S. cerevisiae. We further investigated the factors that influenced the biosorption efficiency, which were (strongest to weakest): pH > strontium concentration > time > temperature. In our orthogonal experiment, the optimal conditions for strontium biosorption by irradiated S. cerevisiae were: pH 7, 150 mg L-1 strontium at the temperature of 32 °C with 30 h. The equilibrium of strontium biosorption was analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models, from which the formal model is found to provide a better fit for the experimental results. The kinetics of strontium biosorption by living irradiated S. cerevisiae was found to be comprised of three phases: dramatically increased during 0-9 h, decreased during 12-24 h, and increased during 30-50 h. These results provide a systematic understanding of the biosorption capabilities of irradiated S. cerevisiae, which can contribute to the development of remediating nuclear waste water.

The objective of this work was to explore the mechanisms participating in strontium sorption by living Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae). The location of strontium adsorbed by S. cerevisiae was studied by our plasmolysis treatment. The contribution of physical and chemical mechanisms was determined quantitatively by desorption and blockage of functional groups. Moreover, our results indicated that bioaccumulation also played a major role in biosorption by living cells. Thus, supplementary methods including 2-DE (two-dimensional electrophoresis) and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Tandem Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF) were employed to analyze the different proteins. The subsequent desorption % of Sr2+ by Distilled Water (DW), NH4NO3 and EDTA-Na2 from Sr2+ loaded sorbents indicated a minor role for physical adsorption, while ion exchange and complexation were responsible for approximately 20% and 40%. Specific blockage of functional groups revealed that carboxyl and amine groups played an important role in Sr2+ binding to the living S. cerevisiae. From our MALDI-TOF-TOF results, we concluded that 38 proteins showed up-regulated expression profiles and 11 proteins showed down-regulated after biosorption. Moreover, proteins belong to: phagocytic function (Act1p); ion channel (S-adenosylmethionine synthase); glycolysis (Tubulin) may directly involve in strontium bioaccumulation. In conclusion, the present work indicates that the strontium sorption mechanism by living S. cerevisiae is complicated including ion-exchange along with complexation as the main mechanism, whereas the other mechanisms such as physical adsorption play a minor contribution. Metabolically-dependent proteins may play an important role in bioaccumulation.

Radiotherapy is one of the main therapeutic methods for cancers, but radiation resistance of cancer cells still remains a serious concern. Searching for radiosensitizers to overcome such resistance is therefore urgently required. The goal of this study is to evaluate and compare the radiosensitizing efficacy of Fe

ABS TRACT: Chin trembling induced by combined use of OROS methylphenidate and procaterol hydrochloride in a boy with ADHD Recently, asthma has been reported to be a potential comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is, therefore, possible to have combined use of medications for both ADHD and asthma although, potential adverse reactions are unknown. The case presented here is that of a 61/2-year-old boy diagnosed as having both ADHD and asthma. He presented with chin trembling after the first administration of OROS methylphenidate and procaterol hydrochloride. This is the first report of an adverse event in patients using a combination of these two types of drugs. It raises an awareness of chin trembling as an adverse effect in patients using a combination of methylphenidate and procaterol hydrochloride, especially among those who are younger and underweight.

Potassium iron hexacyanoferrate/polyacrylamide nanohybrid hydrogel (PB/PAM-gel) was successfully synthesized via a convenient one-pot gamma radiation route. The as-prepared PB/PAM-gel has compact internal three-dimensional porous structures with well-dispersed PB nanowires, which exhibit good elasticity and excellent swelling performance. The adsorption experiments reveal that the PB/PAM-gel can rapidly and selectively adsorb Cs[Formula: see text] from the solution in a wide range of pH. The maximum adsorption capacity reaches 131[Formula: see text]mg[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text]. This nanohybrid hydrogel is very stable and can be easily separated from the solution after adsorption. It can be applied as a potential adsorbent for Cs[Formula: see text] removal from radioactive wastewater.

To investigate the effect of endostar on specific angiogenesis induced by human hepatocellular carcinoma, this research systematically elucidated the inhibitory effect on HepG2-induced angiogenesis by endostar from 50 ng/mL to 50000 ng/mL. We employed fluorescence quantitative Boyden chamber analysis, wound-healing assay, flow cytometry examination using a coculture system, quantitative analysis of tube formation, andin vivoMatrigel plug assay induced by HCC conditioned media (HCM) and HepG2 compared with normal hepatocyte conditioned media (NCM) and L02. Then, we found that endostar as a tumor angiogenesis inhibitor could potently inhibit human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration in response to HCM after four- to six-hour action, inhibit HCM-induced HUVEC migration to the lesion part in a dose-dependent manner between 50 ng/mL and 5000 ng/mL at 24 hours, and reduce HUVEC proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion. Endostar inhibited HepG2-induced tube formation of HUVECs which peaked at 50 ng/mL.In vivoMatrigel plug formation was also significantly reduced by endostar in HepG2 inducing system rather than in L02 inducing system. It could be concluded that, at cell level, endostar inhibited the angiogenesis-related biological behaviors of HUVEC in response to HCC, including migration, adhesion proliferation, and tube formation. At animal level, endostar inhibited the angiogenesis in response to HCC in Matrigel matrix.