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This study presents the results of a vaccination inquire in 2,078 schoolchildren: 807 students in the first year of General Basic Education (G.B.E.) and 1,227 students in the last year of G.B.E. attending public and private schools of the Council of Madrid. The presence of antibodies against the three polio-viruses was determined in 1,509 schoolchildren. About 68.3% of the students received the complete schedule of vaccinations, with 84.7% belonging the group of children in the first year of G.B.E. and 51.2% belonging to that in the last year of G.B.E. (p < 0.01). The percentage of children immunized against the three polioviruses was 92.7%, with 94% of the students in the first year of G.B.E. being immunized and 92% of those in the last year of G.B.E. (p < 0.01). We found differences in the immunization rate between those students receiving more or less than three doses of vaccine. We compared our study with other seroepidemiologic studies undertaken in our country.