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The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus outbreak is extremely concerning and poses a threat to the public health system. SARS-CoV-2 is a pathogen that affects people and caused fever, dry cough, dizziness and severe respiratory disease. By media time, greater than 662 million people were infected and 6.6 million people were died globally. The pandemic coronavirus was hurt the third world countries due to weak health infrastructure. A timely response is crucial for commercially and easily accessible resources since an actual pandemic emergency does not provide the necessary timescale for the test of innovative ways. Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was infected individuals without any indication and could still transfer the virus to others. The success of the quarantine effort during the SARS-CoV-2 eruption depended heavily on the identification of the infectious agent. It is thus urgent to develop a rapid and accurate detection method for coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and control the disease spreading. Here demonstrated an isothermal based SARS-CoV-2 amplification with quick colorimetric detection. The inorganic phosphate (Pi) was detected via colorimetric technique from SARS-CoV-2 after amplification by using the basic recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technique.

Human INO80 chromatin remodeling complex (INO80 complex) as a transcription cofactor is widely involved in gene transcription regulation and is frequently highly expressed in tumor cells. However, few reports exist on the mutual regulatory mechanism between INO80 complex and non-coding microRNAs. Herein, we showed evidence that the INO80 complex transcriptionally controls microRNA-372 (miR-372) expression through RNA-Seq analysis and a series of biological experiments. Knocking down multiple subunits in the INO80 complex, including the INO80 catalytic subunit, YY1, Ies2, and Arp8, can significantly increase the expression level of miR-372. Interestingly, mimicking miR-372 expression in HCT116 cells, in turn, post-transcriptionally suppressed INO80 and Arp8 expression at both mRNA and protein levels, indicating the existence of a mutual regulatory mechanism between the INO80 complex and miR-372. The target relationship between miR-372 and INO80 complex was verified using luciferase assays in HCT116 colon cancer cells. As expected, miR-372 mimics significantly suppressed the luciferase activity of pMIR-luc/INO80 and pMIR-luc/Arp8 3′-UTR in cells. In contrast, the miR-372 target sites in the 3′-UTRs linked to the luciferase reporter were mutagenized, and both mutant sites lost their response to miR-372. Furthermore, the mutual modulation between the INO80 complex and miR-372 was involved in cell proliferation and the p53/p21 signaling pathway, suggesting the synergistic anti-tumor role of the INO80 complex and miR372. Our results will provide a solid theoretical basis for exploring miR-372 as a biological marker of tumorigenesis.

Background and aim: Brucellosis is one of the world most common zoonotic diseases. The current study was aimed to prepare the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) antigen for the diagnosis of brucellosis and to determine its specificity and sensitivity. Material and methods: The Rose Bengal plate test antigen prepared from Brucella abortus (B. abortus) strain 99 was compared with two commercial Rose Bengal Plate Test antigens and its specificity and sensitivity are determined. Results: The were Rose Bengal plate test and I-ELISA result show that the in vitro antigen was superior to RBPT antigen University Diagnosis Laboratory (UDL) Lahore Pakistan, and RBPT antigen Veterinary Laboratory Agency (VLA) UK. Out of 196 samples analyzed by in vitro RBPT antigen, RBPT antigen (UDL), RBPT antigen (VLA), and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) 56.63 %, 53.57%, 41.84%, 35.71% were found B. abortus positively. The sensitivity calculated for the in vitro RBPT antigen was 96.62, while RBPT antigen (UDL) and RBPT antigen (VLA) were 89.77, 63.91 correspondingly. However, the specificity of the in vitro RBPT antigen was lower (77.57%), than the commercial RBPT antigen (VLA) (79.79%). Conclusions: A very sensitive and low-cost in vitro RBPT antigen compared to commercial RBPT was magnificently developed in the current study. It was determined that the in vitro RBPT antigen could substitute the available commercial RBPT antigen, which is comparatively expensive and less sensitive in the detection of brucellosis. Therefore, it is concluded that the in vitro RBPT antigen could be used for epidemiological surveillance of brucellosis.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global crisis for human public health which threatens the effective prevention and control of ever-increasing infectious diseases. The advent of pandrug-resistant bacteria makes most, if not all, available antibiotics invalid. Meanwhile, the pipeline of novel antibiotics development stagnates, which prompts scientists and pharmacists to develop unconventional antimicrobials. Bacteriophage-derived endolysins are cell wall hydrolases which could hydrolyze the peptidoglycan layer from within and outside of bacterial pathogens. With high specificity, rapid action, high efficiency, and low risk of resistance development, endolysins are believed to be among the best alternative therapeutic agents to treat multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. As of now, endolysins have been applied to diverse aspects. In this review, we comprehensively introduce the structures and activities of endolysins and summarize the latest application progress of recombinant endolysins in the fields of medical treatment, pathogen diagnosis, food safety, and agriculture.

Background: The trend of telemedicine is exponentially increasing worldwide due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, patient satisfaction is always a concern regarding the use of telemedicine. Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate the perception and satisfaction level of patients toward the use of telemedicine during the pandemic of COVID-19 among Pakistani population. Materials and Methods: The survey questionnaires were distributed to 251 patients who received telemedicine consultation in any of three specializations: orthopedic, ophthalmology, and general medicine. The questionnaire contains 15 questions that covered four categories of patient satisfaction: interpersonal communication, caring, care delivery, and proficiency. Descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained by analyzing data using SPSS software version 20. Results: A total of 251 patients responded to the telemedicine questionnaire. Overall, 61.35% patients reported that they did not need any support for using technology during consultation and 96.41% of the patient population reported that telemedicine saved their travel time. It was found that gender, education, and age were significantly associated with the ease in technology with the p-value 0.012, 0.004 and

Transcriptional activation of p21 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A) due to DNA damage often alters the distribution of histone variant H2A.Z at the p21 gene. However, whether the human INO80 complex regulates changes in H2A.Z at the p21 promoter is unclear. We show here that activation of p21 expression by doxorubicin (Doxo) in U2OS cells is required for removal of H2A.Z by INO80 at the p53-binding site proximal region (-2.2 kb) of the p21 promoter. A purified INO80 complex, but not the INO80E653Q mutant-complex, which lost DNA-sliding activity, is mainly responsible for removing H2A.Z from reconstituted nucleosomes in vitro. This activity was enhanced with MOF-mediated histone acetylation, suggesting that INO80 more readily removes H2A.Z from loosened nucleosomes. Also, co-occupancy of INO80 and H2A.Z -2.2 kb upstream of the p21 transcriptional start site (TSS) was observed. H2A.Z at this region was removed in a short time after Doxo treatment and activated p21 expression. However, p21 induction was inhibited by INO80 knockdown by delaying H2A.Z removal, indicating the need for INO80. Moreover, shMOF-mediated histone acetylation reduced recruitment of INO80 -2.2 kb upstream of p21 TSS and inhibited the removal of H2A.Z in Doxo-treated cells. These data provide new insights into the transcriptional regulation of p21 by the INO80 complex.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA transcripts (20–24 nucleotides) that bind to their complementary sequences in the 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTR) of targeted genes to negatively or positively regulate their expression. miRNAs affect the expression of genes in cells, thereby contributing to several important biological processes, including tumorigenesis. Identifying the miRNA cluster as a human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-specific miRNAs initially led to the identification of miR-371, miR-372, miR-373, and miR-373*, which can ultimately be translated into mature miRNAs. Recent evidence suggests that miR-371–373 genes are abnormally expressed in various cancers and act either as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, indicating they may be suitable as molecular biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prevention. In this article, we summarize recent studies linking miR-371–373 functions to tumorigenesis and speculate on the potential applications of miR-371–373 as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Both OGT1 (O-linked &beta, N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase isoform 1) and NSL3 (nonspecific lethal protein 3) are crucial components of the MOF (males absent on the first)/NSL histone acetyltransferase complex. We previously described how global histone H4 acetylation levels were modulated by OGT1/O-GlcNAcylation-mediated NSL3 stability. However, the specific modification site of NSL3 and its molecular mechanism of protein stability remain unknown. Here, we present evidence from biochemical experiments arguing that O-GlcNAcylation of NSL3 at Thr755 is tightly associated with holoenzyme activity of the MOF/NSL complex. Using in vitro O-GlcNAc-transferase assays combined with mass spectrometry, we suppose that the residue Thr755 on NSL3 C-terminus is the major site O-GlcNAc-modified by OGT1. Importantly, O-GlcNAcylation of this site is involved in the regulation of the ubiquitin-degradation of NSL3, because this site mutation (T755A) promotes the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of NSL3. Further in-depth research found that ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 S (UBE2S) accelerated the degradation of NSL3 via direct binding to it. Interestingly, OGT1 and UBE2S competitively bind to NSL3, suggesting the coordination of OGT1&ndash, UBE2S in regulating NSL3 stability. Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation of NSL3 Thr755 site regulates the histone H4 acetylation levels at lysine 5, 8, and 16, suggesting that the O-GlcNAcylation of NSL3 at Thr755 is required for maintaining the integrity and holoenzyme activity of the MOF/NSL complex. In colony formation assays, we found that the integrity of the complex impacts the proliferation of the lung carcinoma type II epithelium-like A549 cells. Taken together, our results provide new insight into the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of the MOF/NSL complex.

Background We hypothesized that the torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) demonstrates a great healing response after initial trauma and has competent cells leading to the healing but differs in its response based on the type of tear and duration of injury. This study aimed to evaluate the histological and cellular responses to the injured ACL. Methods Fifty-two tissue samples from the ACL were harvested from patients undergoing arthroscopy. Detailed histological and cellular examinations were performed for ligament angiogenesis, fibrocytes, and synovial tissue infiltration. We compared the cellular response to injury in partially and completely ruptured ACLs. The duration of ACL injury and its response to cellular characteristics were also examined. Immunohistochemical studies using cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) staining was used to evaluate endothelial cells and fibrocytes. Results We found a significantly higher density of synovial and ligament angiogenesis and fibrocytes at the torn end of ACL (Mann–Whitney, P < 0.050). Numerous fibrocytes were identified in complete ACL tears versus partial tears (Mann–Whitney = 0.020). Increased cellular proliferation was identified at the ruptured end of ACL remnant (Kruskal–Wallis, P < 0.050). The cellular proliferation of ruptured ACL decreased after 12 months. Conclusions Based on our findings of the time-dependent decrease in the cellular response at the torn ends of the ACL, we recommend early intervention, preservation of the ACL remnant, and primary ACL repair or augmented reconstruction.

2 Abstract: This study aimed to propagate starter culture locally for yogurt preparation and conduction of sensory evaluation trials for testing the quality of developed starter culture. Experiments were conducted to select the strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus having most suitable properties for preparation of quality yogurt. The selection criteria included lactic acid production ability and aroma production. To propagate the starter culture whey based medium was found to successfully support the growth of desirable bacterial isolates and, therefore, used to propagate the yogurt culture. The propagated culture was then used for preparation of yogurt and sensorial evaluation of the yogurt was done. The results indicated that the yogurt was liked very much in terms of colour, texture, flavour and taste. Finally a comparative sensory evaluation was done between a sample of local dahi and yogurt prepared from locally propagated culture. It was observed that the yogurt prepared from locally propagated culture was significantly better in quality as compared to yogurt (dahi) prepared by traditional method.

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan during winter 2015 in a simple randomized complete block design (RCBD) having three replications. Farmyard manure (FYM) application at four levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 ton ha-1) with variety (Inoculated and non-inoculated) were included in experiment. FYM application at the rate of 15 ton ha-1 resulted in higher grain yield (2198.53 kg ha-1) as compared to control (1762.68 kg ha-1). Similarly inoculated seeds produced higher grain yield (2083.06 kg ha-1) as compared to non­­-inoculated seeds (1915.92 kg ha-1). The pods plant-1 and thousand grain weight were significantly affected by FYM and inoculation while grains pod-1was significantly affected by only FYM. The grains were more pod-1 in plots supplied with 15 tons FYM ha-1 while less number of grains pod-1 (1.48) resulted in control plots. Plants formed more pods (63.68) and maximum thousand grain weight (260.21 g) was calculated in plots treated with FYM at the rate of 15 ton ha-1 as compared to other levels. In the same way more pods plant-1(58.44) and thousand grain weight (241.65 g) was observed in plots with inoculated seed sown. Hence application of FYM at the rate of 15 ton ha-1 and inoculation of seeds with rhizobium strains is recommended for better yield of chick pea. Keywords: Chick Pea; Farm Yard Manure; Rhizobium Inoculation http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2017.60033

The experiment was performed at the Agronomy Farm in The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan during winter 2015 using simple randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replications. The experiment contained a total of 32 treatment units. FYM application at four levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 ton ha-1) with variety (Inoculated and non-inoculated) were included in experiment. FYM application @ 15 ton ha-1resulted in a significant growth than5 ton ha-1, 10 ton ha -1and the control. Similarly inoculated seeds produced better crop growth as compared to non-­inoculated seed. The parameters such as plant height and nodule per plant were significantly affected by both the FYM and inoculation, while days required for emerging 50% plants and emergence per m2 were also significantly affected but only by FYM. Higher plant height (74.33) and nodule per plant (68.24) was counted in plots treated with FYM @ 15 ton ha-1 as compared to other levels. Similarly Higher plant height (73.54) and nodule per plant (69.50) was counted in plots with inoculated seeds. Hence application of FYM @15t ha-1 and inoculation with Rhizobium strains are the recommended practices for better growth and crop stand of chickpea. Keywords: Chickpea; Rhizobium inoculation; Farm yard manure http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2017.60037

To find the response of cut rose cv. Cardinal to sucrose and NaOCl concentration, an experiment was conducted with normal day light under room condition and natural ventilation. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used for the experiment by replicating 3 times. Solutions of different combination of Sucrose levels of 0, 4, 8 and 12% and sodium hypochlorite with 0 (control), 5, 10 and 15 mgL-1 concentrations were applied to the cut rose cv. Cardinal. By analyzing of data collected, illustrated that cut rose cv. Cardinal significantly responded to sucrose and NaOCl levels. Combination of 15 mgl-l NaOCl with 12% sucrose was found more favorable for the whole studied parameters. Early flower opening (4 days), maximum flower fresh weight (12.30g), flower size (6.01 cm), maximum flower longevity (16 days) and and dry weight (3.78) were observed for cut rose retained in solution mixture of 12% sucrose and 15 mgL-1 NaOCl. The solution containing 12% Sucrose and 15 mgL-1 NaOCl significantly increased (12.30 g) flower fresh weight. Less percent petal drop (10%) was observed by solution containing combination of 12% sucrose and 15 mgL-1 NaOCl as compared to control (33.80 %). As for sugar application individually on cut rose, early flower opening took place (4 days), maximum flower size (6.14 cm), flower fresh weight (11.57g), minimum flower wilting (15.58%), maximum flower dry weight (3.78 g), minimum petal drop (23.96 %) and longer vase life (3.39 days) were observed for 12 % sugar solution. For NaOCl application individualy, the cut rose showed early flower opening took place (4 days), maximum flower size (6.16 cm), maximum flower fresh weight (11.27g), minimum flower wilting (15%), maximum dry weight (4.13 g), minimum petal drop (18.75 %) and longer vase life (14.77) were observed for 15 mg.l-1 of NaOCl solution In general, 15 mg.l-1NaOCl and 12 % sucrose is considered a best solution combination to be used for cut rose flowers cv. cardinal longer and quality vase life. Key words: Cut Rose; Sucrose; NaOCl http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2017.60011

Field trail was conducted during kharif season, 2013 at Agronomy research farm the University of Agriculture, Peshawar to determine the effect of nitrogen and sulfur on the growth of sesame. The study was conducted in RCB design (control vs. rest) having three replications. Nitrogen (N) levels viz. 30, 70,110 and 150 and S levels viz. 10, 20 and 30 were used. Data were documented on Days to emergence, emergence m-2, days to flowering, leaf area, leaf area index, plant height, days to maturity and plant at harvest. It was found from these results that higher leaf area plant-1 (384.2 cm2) were gained from the plot that received 70 kg N ha-1, while minimum (366 cm2) were achieved from control plots. The application of N at the rate of 70 kg ha-1 resulted in optimum leaf area index (2.2), while control plots have lower leaf area index (1.95). Taller plants (187.1 cm) were observed in plot treated with 70 kg N ha-1 and dwarf plants (169 cm) were seen in control plots. In case of S the plant height increases up to (185.2 cm) in the plots that received 20 kg S ha-1which was statistically comparable to 30 kg S ha-1 against control. Plants at harvest were not influenced significantly by any of the factor and control vs. rest. Days to emergence, Emergence m-2 was non-significantly affected by nitrogen and sulfur. Yield and yield components were significantly improved by the sole addition of N and S or in combination. Sesame production enhances and profitable with application of N and S at the rate of 70 and 20 kg ha-1 respectively in this study. Keywords: Sesame; Nitrogen; Sulfur; RCB http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2016.50164

As one of the post-translational modifications, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification (O-GlcNAcylation) often occurs on serine (Ser) and threonine (Thr) residues of specific substrate cellular proteins via the addition of O-GlcNAc group by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). Maintenance of normal intracellular levels of O-GlcNAcylation is controlled by OGT and glycoside hydrolase O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Unbalanced O-GlcNAcylation levels have been involved in many diseases, including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. Recent research data reveal that O-GlcNAcylation at histones or non-histone proteins may provide recognition platforms for subsequent protein recruitment and further initiate intracellular biological processes. Here, we review the current understanding of the ‘O-GlcNAc code’ mediated intracellular biological functions of downstream proteins.