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Incoherent digital holographic imaging method was presented with utilizing polarization-dependent self-interference effects obtained by cycloidal diffractive lens made by a quarter-wave retardation condition for providing enhanced imaging properties as well as compact module conditions.

To investigate the effect of varicocelectomy (VCE) combined with medication of Qilin Pills (QLP) in the treatment of varicocele (VC)-associated male infertility.We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 180 cases of VC-associated male infertility treated in our hospitals between October 2017 and March 2019, 67 by VCE ( the control group) and 113 by VCE in combination with 6-month medication of QLP after operation (the VCE+QLP group). We obtained the semen parameters from the patients before and at 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after surgery, measured their sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) before and at 6 months after operation, and recorded the rate of pregnancy at months postoperatively.There were no severe complications in any of the cases after surgery or during the whole course of medication. Compared with the baseline, the patients in control group showed significant increases at 6 months postoperatively in sperm concentration (［17.1 ± 12.4］ vs ［29.5 ± 14.4］ ×10⁶/ml, P0.01), sperm motility (［33.6±13.5］% vs ［54.5±12.0］% , P) and the percentage of progressively motile sperm (PMS) (［22.8 ± 10.9］% vs ［43.7 ± 11.7］%, P) but a remarkable decrease in sperm DFI (16.5 ± 7.6］% vs ［13.3 ± 4.4］% , P), and so did those in the VCE+QLP group in sperm concentration (［16.8 ± 10.7］ vs ［38.9 ± 24.1)×10⁶/ml, P0.01), sperm motility (［32.8 ± 14.0］% vs ［50.1 ± 15.0)%, P), PMS (［21.8 ± 11.3］% vs ［39.6 ± 13.3］% , P) and sperm DFI (［17.8 ± 9.0］% vs ［11.8 ± 4.8］%, P). There were even more statistically significant differences between the control and VCE+QLP groups at 6 months in the above semen parameters (P0.01) and in the rate of natural pregnancy (32.8% ［22/67］ vs 48.7% ［55/113］, P0.05).Varicocelectomy combined with medication of Qilin Pills can effectively improve semen quality and increase the rate of natural pregnancy in the treatment of VC-associated male infertility.

Background. Sufentanil-induced cough is a common side effect during the induction of general anesthesia.This study is to determine the inhibitory effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS) on sufentanil-induced cough.Methods. A total of 339 patients were recruited in this trial.After the unqualified patients were removed,300 patients were enrolled and randomly allocated into five groups(n=60):Patients did not receive TEAS in control group(C group);Patients received 2Hz TEAS at Hegu/Neiguan(LI4/PC6) in 2A group;Patients received 100Hz TEAS at LI4/PC6 in 100A group;Patients received 2Hz TEAS at Zusanli/sanyinjiao(ST36/SP6) in 2B group;Patients received 100Hz TEAS at ST36/SP6 in 100B group.Except for C group,all groups received TEAS for 30 min before the induction.Then 0.5μg/kg sufentanil was given within 2 s,the occurrence of cough was observed and recorded for 1 min.The severity of cough was graded as mild(1-2 coughs),moderate(3-5 cough),and severe(>5 coughs).The mean arterial pressure(MAP) and heart rate(HR) before (T0) and 1 min after(T1) sufentanil injection were recorded.Results. The incidence of sufentani-induced cough in C group,2A group,2Bgroup,100A group and 100B group were 37%,27%,27%,12% and 13%,respectively.Compared with C group,the incidence of 100A group and 100B group were significantly lower(PConclusion. Groups the received 100Hz TEAS for 30 min before sufentanil injection can effectively reduce the incidence of sufentanil-induced cough during the induction of general anesthesia.Trial registration: Chinese clinical trial registry(ChiCTRINR16008759)

Fault ride-through (FRT) capability of a synchronous generator is required by most grid codes. The PCC voltage and critical fault clearing time (CFT) are two important parameters to assess the FRT capability. Current studies are mainly based on repetitive simulations, which are very time-consuming. Thus, a general method is proposed to calculate PCC voltage and CFT of a synchronous generator connected to an infinite bus through a linear network. First, equivalent Thevenin voltage and reactance before, during and after the fault are calculated respectively. Then, by applying the equal-area criteria, critical clearing angle can be obtained, and CFT can be calculated by improved Euler method. Finally, a four-bus network is used as a case study. The results are in consistent with the simulations and the theoretical analysis.

Lightweight materials applied in construction field were prepared using waste iron mine tailings (WIMT) as raw materials, the commercial silicate cement (CSC) as cementing agent, NaOH as the alkali activator, and triethanolamine lauryl sulfate (TLS) as foaming agent via foam-gelcasting method. The effects of water/cement (W/C) mass ratio (0.6-1.0), addition of NaOH (0-0.15wt%) and foaming agent (0-0.3vol%) on the porosity, bulk density, and mechanical properties of the iron mine tailing-based lightweight materials were studied. The results showed that the mechanical properties of iron mine tailing-based lightweight materials were improved by adding NaOH, the as-prepared materials had a 7-day compressive strength of 5.18 MPa, porosity of 51.40%, bulk density of 1.73 g/cm3and thermal conductivity of 0.193 W・(m-1K-1) when the W/C ratio was 0.8, the mass ratio of WIMT/CSC/NaOH 1.85:1:0.15, and foaming agent content 0.3vol%.

Graphitic carbon spheres (GCS) with an average diameter of 1.6 μm were prepared via a hydrothermal carbonization combined catalytic graphitization method using glucose as carbon source and cobalt nitrate as catalyst precursor. The as-prepared GCS were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the optimal weight ratio of Co catalyst for graphitization of amorphous carbonaceous spheres was 2.0 wt%, and the optimal temperature and dwelling time required for graphitization were respectively 1100 °C and 3 h.

Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants causing a lot of concerns and posing a threat to the aquatic environment and human health. In this study, graphene nanoplatelet/Boron Nitride composite aerogels (GNP/BNA) comprising BN ribbon fibers and multilayered graphene were prepared at a relatively low temperature of 1423 K for 3 h via a one-pot foam-gelcasting/nitridation route, and tested as an adsorbent for the removal of pharmaceutical ciprofloxacin (CIP) from its aqueous solutions. The density, porosity and compressive strength of the as-prepared GNP/BNA were respectively 28–34 mg/cm3, ~99% and 40–52 kPa. They exhibited a rapid adsorption rate and effective removal performance (99%) for CIP under the experimental conditions of C0 = 10.5 mg/L, pH = 7 and 295 ± 3 K, even at a low adsorbent dose of 250 mg/L. The maximum adsorption capacity and normalized adsorption capacity of the composite foam were respectively 185 mg/g and 2.03 mg/m2 at the CIP concentration of 10.5 mg/L. Based on the density functional theory calculations, the adsorption mechanism was clarified. BN and GNP exhibited evident selective adsorption for the functional groups of CIP. The COO ( C O, the carbonyl group in the carboxyl group) and CO were adsorbed stably on the BN nanosheets and GNP, respectively. The combined interactions of BN and GNP with the functional groups of CIP were responsible mainly for the excellent adsorption performance of the prepared composite foam. The as-prepared GNP/BNA composites with robust strength, good recyclability and high efficiency in the CIP removal, could be a promising candidate for efficient removal of a range of similar emerging contaminants.

NiO/SnO2 hybrid nanowires showed an enhanced sensitivity against NO2 gas of ppm concentrations (5–15 ppm) when compared to pristine SnO2 counterpart without the NiO decoration. The hybrid structure involved uniform deposition of NiO nano-islands with a size less than 10 nm in diameter on surface of the SnO2 nanowires. A fivefold increase on the sensing response, i.e., from 1.65 to 9.34, was found for the NiO/SnO2 hybrid nanowires at NO2 concentration of 15 ppm at 250 °C. This is attributable to the formation of local p-n heterojunctions at the NiO/SnO2 interface so that an enlarged electronic depletion layer was resulted near the surface. Accordingly, the reduced channel width for carriers migration impeded electron transportation and led to the increased electrical resistance upon reacted with the dilute NO2 gas mixtures.

Magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4) porous ceramics were in-situ synthesized by heating the mixture of Al2O3 and MgCO3 with MgCl2 salt at 1400~1600 °C for 3 h, and then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphology of as-prepared MgAl2O4 porous ceramics was dependent on the addition of MgCl2, and it indicated that the MgCl2 molten salt not only acted as a template for pore formation of the porous ceramics, but also provided a liquid environment for the synthesis of MgAl2O4.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with 20-40 nm in diameter and several micro-meters in length were prepared through catalytic pyrolysis of phenol resin at 400-1000 °C under Ar atmosphere using nickel nitrate as a catalyst precursor. Microstructure and morphology of pyrolysed resin were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the onset and optimal growth temperatures of CNTs were 400 and 800 °C respectively. Moreover, the optimal weight ratio of Ni catalyst to phenol resin was 0.75%.

The aim of the present study was to assess the oncological and functional outcomes of testis-sparing surgery (TSS) for testicular tumors compared with radical orchiectomy (RO) in a single center. A retrospective comparative cohort study was conducted in Changzheng Hospital. Patients were identified using the hospital information system from January 1999 to December 2016, collecting all of the data regarding clinical, treatment and prognostic profiles. Patient follow-up was also executed to obtain information on patients' survival status, serum markers profiles, disease progression, androgen substitution requirement and paternity status. In total 158 patients were enrolled into the cohort study, including 23 TSS cases. The TSS procedure was primarily conducted in younger patients (average age, 31.9 vs. 47.7 years) or those with smaller tumors (average tumor diameter, 26.0 vs. 51.5 mm). The overall survival and recurrence free survival revealed no differences in the two groups, suggesting similar oncological outcomes. Kaplan-Maier analysis demonstrated a higher cumulative paternity rate in the TSS group than in RO group, indicating a possible advantage of preserving patients' fertility in TSS over RO. TSS with proper adjuvant therapies proved to be a promising alternative in the avoidance of emasculation, infertility, life-long androgen substitution and other psychosexual difficulties, as the oncological outcomes were not inferior to RO in the selected cases. However, further investigation is required in order to assess its oncological and functional values.

A V-band transformer-base power amplifier (PA) is implemented in 40nm CMOS. It is a three-stage PA with eight-way transformer combining at output stage. This PA uses the transformers with dc path of metal-one and neutralization technique to improve the passive loss and asymmetric problem, as well as the gain and stability. The PA achieves a measured saturated output power (P sat ) of 19.8 dBm with 18.3% peak power-added efficiencies (PAE) at 60 GHz. The peak gain is 25.5 dB at 54.5 GHz with a 3-dB bandwidth of 11.4 GHz from 51 to 62.4 GHz.

For realizing energy conservation and burdening optimization of sintering process in iron and steel enterprises, as to the predictive issues of energy consumption and performance indices, the Support Vector Machine for Regression (ε-SVR) was introduced into sintering production system. A general modeling mode was proposed and the predictive model of energy consumption and several performances like chemical compositions was established by history data of sintering. Then, this model was compared with several other methods such as multiple linear regressions, ELM, BPNN and RBFN in a case study. Results show that the ε-SVR method can achieve qualified prediction results rapidly with the best accuracy and time efficiency.

A rapid reversed phase highperformance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of L-ascorbic acid and L-ascorbylpalmitate (AP). The chromatography was performed on a SSI model 2300-525 high performance liquid chromatographequipped with anAlltechApollo C18 column at 30 oC.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (90:10,v/v) with the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. UV detection wavelength was 250 nm. This method permits the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and AP in the synthesis of AP transesterified with methyl palmitate and ascorbic acid. The detection limit of ascorbic acid and AP was 0.07μg/mL and 0.12μg/mL, respectively. The recovery was 90.59 ± 3.04% for ascorbic acid and 101.3 ± 4.81% for AP. The linearity range for ascorbic acid and AP was in the range of 0.1 - 0.7 mg/mL and 0.4 - 4.0 mg/mL, respectively. Correlation coefficients (R2) were 0.9910 for ascorbic acid and 0.9986 for AP. The proposed method could be used for routine quality control of AP synthesis with methyl palmitate and ascorbic acidby enzymatic transesterification.

In this paper, a review of the control of fixed-bed reactors for biomass pyrolysis is presented, which is divided into several parts: the mechanism and identification modeling, model reduction methods and system parameter estimation and control methods of fixed-bed reactors etc. Fixed-bed reactors in chemical industry are much similar with those in biomass pyrolysis, so the control methods of fixed-bed reactors in chemical industry can be applied to biomass pyrolysis processes. As a result, some comments are given about control strategies in this field

The batch reactor has strong nonlinearity and hysteresis, the conventional control method is hard to meet the control requirements. According to the batch processes temperature control, this thesis proposed an intelligent control scheme. Combined neural networks with fuzzy logic control, searching and optimized parameters of fuzzy neural network by using Genetic Algorithm (GA), displayed the design method and optimization steps, and the simulation results verify the control scheme which proposed is feasible and effective.

本文針對專利侵權損害賠償制度之設計及實務上所採行的計算，進行實證研究，用以檢視制度之實施，並對相關現象提供解釋。 美國、台灣與中國大陸的法律與法院，在損害賠償計算的原理上相近，但在實務運作上有相當大之落差，其關鍵在於訴訟當事人對損害舉證的要求與法院採信的程度而定。美國專利訴訟判決自1980 年至2000 年之間，以所失利益（lost profit）為主要的計算方式（83%）。然而，自2000 年以降，採用合理權利金（reasonable royalty）之案件反而成為主流（65%）。台灣現行所採的「差額說」與「利益說」，因為舉證不易，司法實務上過份倚重證據來源與客觀性，賠償數額也有偏低的情形。中國大陸的判決則幾乎都是由法官依據法定範圍酌定其賠償額度。 本文之結論為：1.專利糾紛的損害賠償，在不同管轄範圍內，由於法院的經驗、專利權利範圍與市場影響的不確定，以及產業經濟與企業財務的基礎環境差異，而有不同的判決。美國法院的經驗與財經基礎環境都較為成熟，判決較具說服力；台灣與中國大陸的法院對於當事人之舉證，通常認為未能達到足以確信的程度；2.負舉證責任的一方，對於證據被法院採信的機率難以確定，以及財務與經營資料作為證據之提出，有洩漏營業秘密之顧慮，因此縱然所失利益之計算可以期待較高之賠償金額，因而實務上傾向以市場中通常之交易情形，例如美國的合理權利金，或兩岸由法院酌定之賠償額；3.台灣與大陸以小額損害賠償為絕大多數，高額損害賠償非常少見，裁定的金額有偏低的現象；4.大陸對於發明專利損害賠償之判決數量極其有限，以國內廠商間之實用新型及設計專利侵害之案件為絕大多數。外國廠商的專利訴訟則以市場的佔有為主要考量，包括以行政查處及邊境保護防制侵權產品的內國與國際銷售，並非以取得法院酌定之賠償為其訴訟之目的。 This paper performs an empirical study on the regulatory frameworks and practical measures of the court decisions of patent damages among US, Taiwan and China. The basic principles employed in assessing patent damages seem similar among the above jurisdictions. Nevertheless, the outcomes of court decisions vary significantly due to the burden and standard of proofs of losses suffered by the patentees. Since 2000, the approach of reasonable royalty has overtaken the lost profit as the dominant measure of damage awards in the U.S. 65% of awarded damages were based on the measure of reasonable royalty, as contrast to 83% of lost profits during 1980 to 2000. It is also found that the difficulties of proving the amount of actual loss of patentees, as well as the cause-effect relationship directly caused by the infringing conducts, the damages decided by the courts of Taiwan and China are in general much lower than expected. In China, most of the compensations are determined with the statutory damages ranged from RMB 5,000 to 500,000, and more than 98% are lower than RMB 300,000. It is concluded that: (1) Court decisions indicate the differences of the legal infrastructures, the experience of judges, the enforceability of patent types and market structures among different jurisdictions. The U.S. courts are more inclined to recognize the evidences on a relatively broad and reasonable basis, nevertheless, the courts of Taiwan and China are considered less experienced in such decisions. (2) The party bearing the burden of proof finds the uncertainty of convincing evidence and also the risk of disclosing proprietary information, thus it results that the damages are primarily statutory provisions in China. Furthermore, Taiwan’s courts tend to utilize objective, though may not be proper, financial data as the base for damage measures. (3) Small damages are commonly granted in the courts of Taiwan and China. (4) In China, most of the patent lawsuits occurred among domestic companies with the new model and design patents, only very limited cases are associated with invention patents. So far as most international firms are concerned, instead of seeking monetary compensations, their litigations are mainly focused on acquiring the market shares by preventing the distribution of infringing products in China, and in the meantime, reducing the exportation of infringing products from China. It therefore leads to the frequent use of administrative enforcement, injunctions and boarder measures, in lieu of the damage claims in the judicial courts.

In order to solve the problem of process and cost in 3D-IC, novel non-contact signal transmission with coupling loops have been presented. In this study, we design the broadband, well reproducibility, well directivity and low loss coupling loops to transmit signal between different chips or ICs in 3DIC application, and establishing physical model up to 10GHz with coupling effect and loop effect to restore the signal radiation. By this method, the overall signal transmission of TSV can be the same as the non-contact technology. People can use this design to replace the TSV technology in the future.

Objective To compare the quality of fresh semen samples collected by nocturnal emission (NE), penile vibratory stimulation (PVS), or electroejaculation (EEJ) from idiopathic anejaculation patients with those collected by masturbation from healthy control subjects. Design Retrospective clinical study. Setting University medical center. Patient(s) Ninety-one men with idiopathic anejaculation. Intervention(s) NE, PVS, EEJ, computer-assisted semen analysis system. Main Outcome Measure(s) Sperm volume, concentration, motility, and morphology. Result(s) The mean percentage of motile sperm in the NE group was 30.6% ± 3.5% (range 11.2%–50.9%), which is 1.5- and 1.9-fold higher than that of the PVS (20.5% ± 1.3%, range 6.9%–40.2%) and EEJ (16.1% ± 0.9%, range 3.7%–27.3%) groups, respectively. The percentage of sperm that have normal morphology in the NE group was 61.4% ± 4.8%, which is significantly higher than that in the PVS (38.4% ± 2.8%) and EEJ groups (29.5% ± 1.7%), respectively. However, compared with the healthy control group, the sperm motility and normal morphology in the NE, PVS, and EEJ groups were significantly lower. The sperm concentration in the NE group (149.4 ± 16.3 ×10 6 mL −1 ) was similar to that of the PVS group (143.8 ± 13.1 × 10 6 mL −1 ) but was higher than in the EEJ group (96.3 ± 8.6 × 10 6 mL −1 ) and lower than in the control group (225.0 ± 15.0 × 10 6 mL −1 ). Furthermore, the semen volume in the NE group (2.6 ± 0.2 mL) was lower than that of the control group (3.0 ± 0.1 mL). Conclusion(s) This study is the first to report on the quality of fresh semen obtained by NE in patients with idiopathic anejaculation. Sperm motility and normal morphology were higher in patients who collected sperm by NE than in those who collected sperm by PVS and EEJ.

To study the application of retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in renal carcinoma patients with intermediate risk PADUA score.From April 2005 to June 2011, 79 cases (48 males and 31 females) of intermediate risk PADUA score (range from 8 to 9 score) renal cell carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. Mean age was (54 ± 9) years, mean tumor size was (2.8 ± 0.8) cm in diameter, with 37 cases on the left side and 42 cases on the right side. Tumor located anteriorly in 35 cases, and 44 cases were located posteriorly. Preoperative imaging examinations showed tumor invasion of the collecting system was dislocated or infiltrated by tumor invasion were in 13 cases, renal sinus were involved in 5 cases, tumor located near the renal hilum were in 10 cases. All of the 79 patients received retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.The 79 cases were operated successfully without conversion to open surgery, no severe perioperative complications. The mean operation time was (105 ± 24) minutes, and the median of operation time was 115 minutes (range from 80 - 180 minutes), and mean warm ischemia time (WIT) was (20 ± 5) minutes, and mean blood loss was (24 ± 8) ml; mean postoperative hospital stay was (5.2 ± 1.5) days. Postoperative urinary leakage in 3 cases, symptoms disappeared one week after indwelling catheterization and ureteral catheter. Serum creatinine transient increased in 7 cases after surgery, and fell to normal range within 6 weeks. In a mean follow up for (34 ± 12) months (range from 10 to 84 months), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 6 months after operation was no statistical significance compared with preoperation in 77 cases, another 2 patients' eGFR decreased by 30% and 35%. Postoperative renal function remained in CKD3 period and CKD2 period were in 2 cases respectively, none of these cases were treated with hemodialysis, and the remaining patients with normal renal function after surgery, no tumor recurrence and metastasis during follow-up in all cases.Treatment of retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in renal carcinoma patients with intermediate risk PADUA score is safe and effective, but its long-term effects still need to study with large samples compare and long-term follow-up.

To summarize our preliminary clinical experiences of laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) retroperitoneal adrenalectomy.Since October 2009 to January 2011, the investigators have performed LESS retroperitoneal adrenalectomy for 7 patients with adrenal tumors. A waist axillary midline incision of around 2 - 3 cm was made and a single incision for inserting a homemade port. Cambridge endo flexible laparoscopic instrument and other common laparoscopic accessories were used during the surgical procedures.LESS retroperitoneal adrenalectomies were technically successful in 6 cases with no extra skin incisions, no conversion into an open procedure or standard laparoscopy. Conversion to standard laparoscopy (3 ports) was inevitable in one case. The reason for conversion was due to tumor size (6 cm). No perioperative complication occurred. The mean operative duration was 139 min (95 - 200 min), the mean volume of blood loss 96 ml (30 - 350 ml) and the mean hospital stay 5 d (3 - 8 d).LESS retroperitoneal adrenalectomy is technically feasible and safe for the treatment of small adrenal tumors.

Reaction propagation of ethylene/oxygen and methane/oxygen mixtures in capillary tubes of 1 and 2 mm in diameters with initial pressure and temperature at ambient condition were experimentally visualized and analysed using high speed cinematography. Deflagrative flame was initiated in middle of the smooth tube, and the reaction fronts accelerated as they propagated towards the exits in the opposite directions. Lengths of the tubes investigated ranged from 0.4 to 1 m (one side), and deflagration-to-detonation transitions were observed for equivalence ratios between 0.5 and 3. The visible reaction front propagates at speeds approach Chapman-Jouguet speed for ethylene/oxygen mixture in the 1 mm and 2 mm tubes. An overshoot in propagation velocity was found during transition process. For leaner and richer mixtures beyond the detonation limits, steady deflagration wave propagation was observed. Reaction propagation in methane/oxygen mixture was also investigated. Several near-limit propagation modes were found.Copyright © 2009 by ASME

The effects of pulsed water injection at the intake port of a modern port fuel injection gasoline engine were investigated. A port water injection system was developed and the water injector was installed on the intake runner of the single cylinder motorcycle engine at a location upstream of the fuel injector. The results show that with a water-gasoline injection ratio of 1, more than 80% of NOx emission can be removed. The trade-off was a 25% reduction in torque output at 4000 rpm and 20% throttle opening; however, the decrease on torque can be controlled to be within 5% by reducing water-gasoline mass ratios to less than 0.6. We also performed NOx emission modeling using one-dimensional gas dynamics code with extended Zeldovich mechanism, and consistent results were found between numerical prediction and experimental measurements. The port water injection approach appears to be an effective means for reducing NOx emission from a gasoline engine at low speed and high load conditions without largely sacrificing the performances on torque output and unburned hydrocarbon emissions.Copyright © 2009 by ASME

In the title compound, C15H14BrN, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 6.4 (2)° and the mol-ecule has an E conformation about the C=N bond. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming two-dimensional networks lying parallel to (001).