Search

Objective: To investigate the difference of clinical outcomes between patients with and without Reactive Cutaneous Capillary Endothelial Proliferation (RCCEP) after camrelizumab treatment. Methods: A retrospective, matched case-control study was designed. A total of 92 patients with advanced solid tumors treated with camrelizumab at xx hospital between July 2019 and October 2020 were included, of whom 16 patients developed RCCEP (RCCEP group) and the remaining 76 served as the control group. The primary endpoint is Progression-Free Survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoint is Objective Response Rate (ORR) and Overall Survival (OS). Multivariate Cox regression analysis is used to assess the relevant indicators of PFS. Results: Compared with the control group, significantly increased ORR was observed in patients with RCCEP (56.3% vs 19.7%) (P

Background: Pyrotinib is a molecular and irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor independently developed in China, and its efficacy against HER2- positive breast cancer in the real world is not clear. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of pyrotinib in the treatment of HER2-positive advanced breast cancer based on real-world evidence. Materials and Methods: We designed a prospective observational study. Thirty-six patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer from a single medical center were included in the study from December 2018 to February 2021. All patients received the oral HER2 receptor inhibitor pyrotinib and received concurrent chemotherapy or endocrinotherapy. The follow-up endpoint is set as April 1, 2021. The primary endpoint is Objective Response Rate (ORR) and Disease Control Rate (DCR), and the secondary endpoint is Progression- Free Survival (PFS) and related side effects. Results: By the end point of follow-up, a total of 17 patients had progressed (including 6 deaths), and the progression-free survival rate was 52.78%. The median PFS was 13months (PFS range: 3-22 months). As the best response, 4 patients achieved CR, 20 patients achieved PR, 9 patients achieved SD, and 3 patient developed PD. The ORR was 66.67% and DCR was 91.67%. In the analysis, first-line pyrotinib treatment appeared to have higher ORR (88.88% vs 59.26%), but there was no significant difference. In addition, pyrotinib showed significant efficacy in patients with brain metastases, with an ORR of 42.85%. In terms of safety, the incidence of diarrhea was 80.55%, but only 4 patients had grade 3 diarrhea, which was tolerable after the drug dose was reduced; 1 patient had grade 4 neutropenia and grade 3 and thrombocytopenia, which were considered to be related to the chemotherapy drugs. The incidence of other adverse reactions was low, and all were grade 1 to 2. Conclusion: Pyrotinib combined with chemotherapy has a significant effect on HER2-positive breast cancer, and there is still a high ORR in patients who fail multiple lines of treatment. Side effects are overall controllable and safe.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To report the 4-year outcomes of a neonatal ophthalmic screening program in the Kunming Maternity and Child Care Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational case series study. Newborns who underwent neonatal eye screening using the RetCam system (Clarity Medical Systems, Pleasanton, CA) at the authors' hospital from March 2010 to February 2014 were included. RESULTS: Of the 15,284 full-term infants who participated in the program, 21% (3,171 of 15,284) had some ocular abnormalities. Among these abnormalities, retinal hemorrhage was the most frequent finding, accounting for 19% (2,899 of 15,284) of all cases. Other anomalies were found in 2% (272 of 15,284) of the cases. No major ocular or systemic complications were found to be associated with the screening process. CONCLUSION: Overall, 21% of the newborns who underwent the eye screening program were found to have an abnormality. The use of the RetCam for the screening program was both efficient and safe in identifying ocular anomalies. [ Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina . 2017;48:983–992.]

Background Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most frequent pediatric retinal tumor. In the present study, to elucidate chemoresistance mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers in RB, we utilized RNA sequencing (RNAseq) technological platforms to reveal transcriptome profiles and identify any differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between an etoposide drug-resistant subline (Y79/EDR) and parental Y79 cells. Methods To test whether Y79/EDR cells showed resistance to antineoplastic agents for RB, we treated the cells with etoposide, carboplatin and vincristine and analyzed them with a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Y79/EDR and parental Y79 cells were used for RNAseq and bioinformatics analysis to enable a genome-wide review of DEGs between the two lines using the DESeq R package (1.10.1). Then, DEG enrichment in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways was analyzed with KOBAS software. Next, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real time QRT-PCR) and cytotoxicity assays were performed to experimentally and functionally validate the identified candidate biomarkers. Results Y79/EDR cells showed resistance to etoposide, carboplatin and vincristine at different concentrations. In total, 524 transcripts were differentially expressed in Y79/EDR cells based on analysis of fragments per kilobase of transcript per million fragments mapped (FPKM); among these, 57 genes were downregulated and 467 genes were upregulated in Y79/EDR cells compared to parental Y79 cells. We selected candidate DEGs, including ARHGAP9, HIST1H4H, RELN, DDIT4, HK2, STC1 and PFKFB4, for mRNA expression validation with real time QRT-PCR assays and found that the expression levels determined by real time QRT-PCR were consistent with the RNAseq data. Further studies involving downregulation of ARHGAP9 with a specific siRNA showed that ARHGAP9 altered the cellular sensitivity of Y79 cells to etoposide and carboplatin. Conclusion Our initial findings provided a genomic view of the transcription profiles of etoposide-induced acquired resistance in RB. Follow-up studies indicated that ARHGAP9 might be a chemoresistance biomarker in RB, providing insight into potential therapeutic targets for overcoming acquired chemoresistance in RB. These findings can aid in understanding and overcoming chemoresistance during treatment of RB in the clinic.

Aim To describe the clinical presentation and group classification of newly diagnosed retinoblastoma patients in China, and to identify future priorities for improving the medical care of this disease. Methods The retrospective review included all patients who presented with previously untreated intraocular retinoblastoma at Beijing Tongren Hospital between August 2006 and August 2009. The clinical charts were reviewed and fundus images taken for all patients were analysed. The tumours were classified according to the International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification. Results The study included 595 eyes (470 patients) with untreated retinoblastoma. The mean age at diagnosis was 23 months, with 84% of the patients being younger than 3 years at the time of diagnosis. Bilateral retinoblastoma was present in 150 (32%) of the patients. Bilateral retinoblastoma as compared with unilateral retinoblastoma was diagnosed at a significantly (p0.001) younger mean age (15 months vs 27 months). Leucocoria was the most common leading sign (73% of patients). The vast majority of eyes (501/595 or 84%) presented with an advanced stage of the tumour (Group D or E of International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification). Conclusion In China, diagnosis of retinoblastoma occurs at a relatively advanced clinical stage of the disease. An intensified programme for earlier detection of retinoblastoma including educating parents and physicians may be warranted to improve clinical outcome with fewer enucleations.

Objective To document the findings of a newborn eye examination programme for detecting ocular pathology in the healthy full-term newborn. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of the majority of newborns born in the Kunming Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, China, between May 2010 and June 2011. Infants underwent ocular examination within 42 days after birth using a flashlight, retinoscope, hand-held slit lamp microscope and wide-angle digital retinal image acquisition system. The retinal fundus examination utilised the RetCam wide-field digital imaging system (Clarity Medical Systems, Pleasanton, California, USA). The external eye, pupillary light reflex, red reflex, opacity of refractive media, anterior chamber and posterior segments were also examined. Results A total of 3573 healthy full-term newborns were enrolled and examined in the programme. There was detection of 871 abnormal cases (24.4%). The majority of abnormal exams were 769 (21.52%) retinal haemorrhages. Of these, there were 215 cases of significant retinal haemorrhage, possible sight threatening or amblyogenic, representing 6.02% of the total. In addition, 67 cases (1.88%) involved macular haemorrhage. The other 107 cases (2.99%) with abnormal ocular findings included subconjunctival haemorrhage, congenital microphthalmos, congenital corneal leukoma, posterior synechia, persistent pupillary membrane, congenital cataract, enlarged C/D ratio, retinal hamartoma versus retinoblastoma, optic nerve defects, macular pigment disorder and non-specific peripheral retinopathy. Conclusion Ocular examination of healthy newborns leads to the detection of a significant number of ocular pathologies. The most commonly discovered ocular abnormality during examination of the newborns in this study is retinal haemorrhage. The long-term impact of these findings is unknown. Although presumed by some to benign, neonatal retinal haemorrhages due to birth trauma could be involved in altering visual development. Further work, including prospective examination of newborns with long-term follow-up, is needed and supported by our findings.

For the sake of measuring fuzzy uncertainty and rough uncertainty of real datasets, the fuzzy rough membership function (FRMF) defined in fuzzy rough set is introduced. A new fuzzy rough neural network (FRNN) is constructed based on neural network implementation of FRMF. FRNN has the merits of quick learning and good classification performance. And then a new neural network feature selection algorithm based on FRNN is designed. The input nodes of FRNN are pruned according to the descent of classification accuracy; thereby the search of optimal feature subset is realized with reference to residual input nodes. The test results on UCI datasets show that the algorithm is quick and effective, and has better selection precision and generalization capability than RBF feature selection.

Presently, many researches have been carried out on rough set based data reduction. However, this method encounters a problem when dealing with real-valued data and fuzzy information. By lucubrating the theory of fuzzy rough set and utilizing the definition of information entropy presented in literature [5], the information entropy model of fuzzy rough set has been constructed. Then the conditional information entropy of attributes is adopted to measure the significance of attributes. On this condition, a heuristic fuzzy-rough data reduction method based on information entropy (E-FRDR) has been put forward. Finally, the method is validated by an example that indicates the method is feasible.