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Background: Teratoma is a true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue derived from the three germinal layers but rarely occurs in the middle ear (ME). The features of middle ear teratomas (MET) have not been well described. Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the clinical and imaging features of MET, and report 2 rare cases of MET with ear malformation that have never been reported. Materials and Methods: The clinical, CT and MRI data of 8 patients with a pathological diagnosis of MET were collected and retrospectively mined, and 14 patients with MET reported in previous literature were also reviewed. Result: ① Female, left ear predominance in MET, and the most common symptoms were otorrhea and hearing loss. ② On CT and MRI, the MET presented as an irregular soft tissue mass that was heterogeneous, with fatty tissue and involved multiple sites, and the ET and tympanum were correspondingly expanded and locally destroyed. ③ Mictotia with MET in two patients was presented, which was the first report. Conclusion: MET has female sex and left ear predominance. CT and MRI can be used to diagnose MET and display its extent and its relationship to the carotid canal in detail. Complete surgical excision is the definitive treatment.

Background: Chondrosarcoma in the mastoid is extremely rare, and it is easily misdiagnosed as a facial nerve schwannoma. background: Chondrosarcoma in the mastoid is extremely rare and it is easily misdiagnosed as a facial nerve schwannoma. Objective: To identify and compare computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of chondrosarcoma in the mastoid involving the facial nerve, including diffusion-weighted MRI characteristics, with those of facial nerve schwannoma. Method: CT and MRI features of 11 chondrosarcomas in the mastoid involving the facial nerve and 15 facial nerve schwannomas, confirmed by histopathology, were retrospectively reviewed. The tumor location, size, morphological features, bone change, calcification, signal intensity, texture, enhancement characteristics, the extent of lesions, and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were evaluated. method: CT and MRI features of 11 chondrosarcomas in the mastoid involving the facial nerve and 15 facial nerve schwannomas, confirmed by histopathology, were retrospectively reviewed. The tumor location, size, morphological features, bone change, calcification, signal intensity, texture, enhancement characteristics, extent of lesions, and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were evaluated. Results: On CT imaging, calcification could be found in 81.8% of chondrosarcomas (9/11) and 33.3% of facial nerve schwannomas (5/15). Chondrosarcoma in the mastoid appeared significantly hyperintense on T2-weighted images (T2WI) with low signal intensity septa in eight patients (72.7%, 8/11). After contrast, all chondrosarcomas showed inhomogeneous enhancement, and septal and peripheral enhancement could be found in six cases (54.5%, 6/11). Facial nerve schwannoma demonstrated inhomogeneous hyperintensity on T2WI in 12 cases (80%, 12/15), with obvious hyperintense cystic changes in seven cases. There were significant differences in calcification (P=0.014), T2 signal intensity (P=0.006), and septal and peripheral enhancement (P=0.001) between chondrosarcomas and facial nerve schwannomas. The ADCs of chondrosarcoma were significantly higher than those of facial nerve schwannomas (P result: On CT imaging, calcification could be found in 81.8% of chondrosarcomas (9/11) and 33.3% of facial nerve schwannomas (5/15). Chondrosarcoma in the mastoid appeared significantly hyperintense with low signal intensity septa in eight patients (72.7%, 8/11). After contrast, all chondrosarcomas showed inhomogeneous enhancement, and septal and periphe on T2-weighted images ral enhancement could be found in six cases (54.5%, 6/11). On T2-weighted images, facial nerve schwannoma demonstrated inhomogeneous hyperintensity in 12 cases (80%, 12/15), with obvious hyperintense cystic changes in seven cases. There were significant differences in calcification (P=0.014), T2 signal intensity (P=0.006), and septal and peripheral enhancement (P=0.001) between chondrosarcomas and facial nerve schwannomas. The ADCs of chondrosarcoma were significantly higher than those of facial nerve schwannomas (P Conclusion: CT and MRI with ADCs had the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy of chondrosarcoma in the mastoid involving the facial nerve. other: none

As an important evolutionary innovation and unique organ, the rumen has played a crucial role in ruminant adaptation to complex ecological environments. However, the cellular basis of its complex morphology and function remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified eight major cell types from seven representative prenatal and postnatal rumen samples using ~56 600 single-cell transcriptomes. We captured the dynamic changes and high heterogeneity in cellular and molecular profiles before, during, and after the appearance of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with neatly arranged papillae and functional maturity. Basal cells, keratinocytes, differentiating keratinocytes, terminally differentiated keratinocytes, and special spinous cells provided the cellular basis for rumen epithelium formation. Notably, we obtained clear evidence of two keratinization processes involved in early papillogenesis and papillae keratinization and identified瘤胃是反刍动物最重要的进化创新和独特器官，它在反刍动物适应复杂的生态环境中发挥着重要作用。然而，瘤胃复杂的形态结构和创新功能的细胞基础仍不清楚。为此，该研究采集了妊娠期、胚胎期和出生后等7个阶段的瘤胃组织，基于5 6000个单细胞转录组数据，共鉴定出8种主要细胞类型，揭示了瘤胃上皮乳头和角质化发生发育细胞和分子特征及其动态变化规律和异质性。基底细胞、角质细胞、分化角质细胞、终末分化角质细胞和特殊棘状层细胞是瘤胃上皮的细胞基础。更为重要的是，该研究发现了两个重要的角质化过程，分别是发生在早期瘤胃乳头发生和乳头角质化阶段，

An aerobic copper-catalyzed oxidative domino cyclization of methyl azaarenes with 6-amino-pyrimidine-2,4-diones and pyrazol-5-amines has been developed, which enables access to dipyrimidine/dipyrazolo-fused pyridines. Cu(OTf)2 is used as a transition-metal catalyst. The oxidative annulation procedure exhibits excellent catalytic efficiency, high functional group compatibility and broad substrate scope, such as methyl quinolines, 2-methyl quinoxaline, 2-methyl benzo[f]quinoline, 2-methyl benzothiazole, 2-methyl benzoxazole and methyl pyridines.

Designing versatile materials for radiation protection is of great significance to the rapid development of nuclear technology. Here, BN@PbWO4 core-shell particles are successfully prepared via a facile sol-gel method. The structure and morphology of products are determined by XRD, SEM, TEM and FTIR techniques. Compared with PbWO4 and h-BN, BN@PbWO4 exhibits much more excellent photocatalytic ability to degrade the organic dye Rhodamine B (RhB). Furthermore, it also has a good ability to jointly shield neutron and gamma radiations, especially better gamma radiation shielding in comparison with PbWO4. This work provides an integrated solution with the material that could deal with organic wastes and shield complex radiations in nuclear industry.

Assembling anisotropic structures with versatility such as good thermal conductivity and mechanical loading for radiation shielding has recently attracted widespread attention. Herein, a facile strategy with (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (KH590) as a surfactant is used to synthesize one-dimensional (1D) PbWO4 structures. Their morphology evolution and crystal phase transition are traced during the growth process by SEM, TEM, and XRD techniques, respectively. The results show that monoclinic PbWO4 nanofibers with typical single-crystal attributes and high production are obtained with the addition of 5 wt% KH590. In addition, although PbWO4 nanoparticles display a slightly high attenuation coefficient for gamma radiation, 1D PbWO4 structures exhibit better thermal conductivity, tensile strength and elongation at break. These findings indicate that the prepared 1D PbWO4 structures have a very promising prospect in the application of state-of-the-art shielding materials for gamma radiation.

Radiation shielding materials have attracted much attention across academia and industry because of the increasing of nuclear activities. To achieve the materials with low toxicity but good protective capability is one of the most significant goals for personal protective articles. Here, bismuth tungstate nanostructures are controllably fabricated by a versatile hydrothermal treatment under various temperatures. The crystals structure and morphology of products are detailedly characterized with X-ray diffraction, electron microscope and specific surface area. It is noteworthy that desired Bi 2 WO 6 nanosheets treated with 190 °C show the higher specific surface area (19.5 m 2 g −1 ) than that of the other two products. Importantly, it has a close attenuating property to lead based counterpart for low energy gamma-rays. Due to the less toxicity, Bi 2 WO 6 nanosheets are more suitable than lead based materials to fabricate personal protective articles for shielding low energy radiations and have great application prospect as well as market potential.

In this paper, we propose a cluster-based senone selection method to speed up the computation of deep neural networks (DNN) at the decoding time of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. In DNN-based acoustic models, the large number of senones at the output layer is one of the main causes that lead to the high computation complexity of DNNs. Inspired by the mixture selection method designed for the Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based acoustic models, only a subset of the senones at the output layer of DNNs are selected to calculate the posterior probabilities in our proposed method. The senone selection strategy is derived by clustering acoustic features according to their transformed representations at the top hidden layer of the DNN acoustic model. Experimental results on Mandarin speech recognition tasks show that the average number of DNN parameters used for computation can be reduced by 22% and the overall speed of the recognition process can be accelerated by 13% without significant performance degradation after using our proposed method. Experimental results on the Switchboard task demonstrate that our proposed method can reduce the average number of DNN parameters used for computation by 38.8% for conventional DNN modeling and 22.7% for low-rank DNN modeling respectively with negligible performance loss.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often complicated by osteoporosis, a process which may involve osteoblast autophagy. As melatonin suppresses autophagy under certain conditions, we its investigated the effects on bone autophagy during diabetes. We first assessed different body parameters in a diabetic rat model treated with various concentrations of melatonin. Dynamic biomechanicalmeasurements, bone organization hard slice dyeing and micro-CT were used to observe the rat bone microstructure, and immunohistochemistry was used to determine levels of autophagy biomarkers. We also performed in vitro experiments on human fetal osteoblastic (hFOB1.19) cells cultured with high glucose, different concentrations of melatonin, and ERK pathway inhibitors. And we used Western blotting and immunofluorescence to measure the extent of osteogenesis and autophagy. We found that melatonin improved the bone microstructure in our rat diabetes model and reduced the level of autophagy(50 mg/kg was better than 100 mg/kg). Melatonin also enhanced osteogenesis and suppressed autophagy in osteoblasts cultured at high glucose levels (10 μM was better than 1 mM). This suggests melatonin may reduce the level of autophagy in osteoblasts and delay diabetes-induced osteoporosis by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway.

Objective: To explore the otoscopy, CT and MRI features of spontaneous temporomandibular joint(TMJ）herniation(STMJH) into the external auditory canal (EAC) through the persistent foramen of Huschke (PFH). Methods: 15 cases diagnosed STMJH were collected. The otoscopy, CT data of 15 cases and MRI data of 6 cases were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Otoscopy revealed a mass located in the anterior wall of the bony EAC that moved forwards and backwards during mouth opening and closing, respectively. CT showed a soft mass with bony defect in the anterior wall of the EAC, with no enhancement; the bony defect margin was well defined in all cases. The bone adjacent to the PFH was pressed and partially wrapped around the soft mass, as if “holding a ball,” in seven cases. Pseudobone shell around the soft mass was observed in eight cases. Six cases included MRI scans, which showed TMJ soft tissue herniated into the EAC. Conclusion: STMJHs have unique otoscopic, CT and MRI features. The examination strategy recommended is dynamic otoscopy and conventional CT, MRI can be chosen when the herniation is complicated by infection or otitis externa or when the patient has TMJ dysfunction; conservative management and follow-up observations are the main treatment strategy recommended. Advances in knowledge: Mechanical stress of TMJ on the EAC is thought to cause herniation and the special CT features, the location and size of the PFH, especially the location, are the major risk factors for TMJ herniation in patients with FH.

Previous studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) promotes recovery of motor function in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However the mechanisms are not completely understood. Clinically, the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a critical target for deep brain stimulation treatment of PD, and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1) plays an important role in the modulation of glutamate in the STN derived from the cortex. In this study, a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of PD was treated with 100 Hz EA for 4 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) showed that EA treatment had no effect on TH expression in the ipsilateral striatum or substantia nigra pars compacta, though it alleviated several of the parkinsonian motor symptoms. Compared with the hemi-parkinsonian rats without EA treatment, the 100 Hz EA treatment significantly decreased apomorphine-induced rotation and increased the latency in the Rotarod test. Notably, the EA treatment reversed the 6-OHDA-induced down-regulation of VGluT1 in the STN. The results demonstrated that EA alleviated motor symptoms and up-regulated VGluT1 in the ipsilateral STN of hemi-parkinsonian rats, suggesting that up-regulation of VGluT1 in the STN may be related to the effects of EA on parkinsonian motor symptoms via restoration of function in the cortico-STN pathway.

OBJECTIVE Fibulin-1 is a member of the fibulin gene family, characterized by tandem arrays of epidermal growth factor-like domains and a C-terminal fibulin-type module. Fibulin-1 plays important roles in a range of cellular functions including morphology, growth, adhesion and mobility. It acts as a tumor suppressor gene in cutaneous melanoma, prostate cancer and gastric cancer. However, whether fibulin-1 also acts as a tumor suppressor gene in lung adenocarcinoma remains unknown. We also determined the association of fibulin-1 expression with various clinical and pathological parameters, which would show its potential role in clinical prognosis. METHODS We investigated and followed up 140 lung adenocarcinoma patients who underwent lung resection without pre- and post-operative systemic chemotherapy at the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from 2009 to 2013. Western blot assay and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the expression of fibulin-1 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. We then analyzed the correlations between fibulin-1 expression and clinicopathological variables as well as the patients' overall survival rate. RESULTS Both western blot assay and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the level of fibulin-1 was downregulated in human lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared with that of normal lung tissues. Fibulin-1 expression significantly correlated with histological differentiation (P = 0.046), clinical stage (P< 0.01), lymph node status (P = 0.038) and expression of Ki-67 (P = 0.013). More importantly, multivariate analysis revealed that fibulin-1 was an independent prognostic marker for lung adenocarcinoma, and high expression of fibulin-1 was significantly associated with better prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients. CONCLUSIONS The results supported our hypothesis that fibulin-1 can act as a prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma progression.

BACKGROUND Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is an important inflammatory cytokine. The associations between IL-1β gene -511C>T/+3954C>T polymorphisms and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) susceptibility have been conflicting. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association of IL-1β genetic polymorphisms with susceptibility to AgP. MATERIAL AND METHODS PubMed and Embase electronic databases were searched for relevant studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) were used to assess the association between IL-1β polymorphisms and AgP risk. Heterogeneity, publication bias, and sensitivity analysis were performed to guarantee the statistical power. RESULTS Twenty published studies involving 965 patients and 1234 control subjects were included. No significant association between IL-1β polymorphisms and AgP was found. For -511C>T (T vs. C: OR=0.966, 95%CI=0.696-1.341, P=0.869; CT vs. CC: OR=0.936, 95%CI=0.761-1.151; TT vs. CC: OR=0.892, 95%CI=0.464-1.715, P=0.719; CT+TT vs. CC: OR=1.026, 95%CI=0.795-1.323; TT vs. CC+CT: OR=0.864, 95%CI=0.436-1.713). For +3954C>T (T vs. C: OR=1.069, 95%CI=0.901-1.268; CT vs. CC: OR=0.921, 95%CI=0.699-1.212; TT vs. CC: OR=1.064, 95%CI=0.747-1.515; CT+TT vs. CC: OR=0.990, 95%CI=0.764-1.283; TT vs. CC+CT: OR=1.229, 95%CI=0.919-1.643). Subgroup analyses were conducted with HWE, ethnicity, and study design, and no significant association was detected. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that IL-1β -511C>T and +3954C>T polymorphisms are not the risk factors for developing AgP.

Aim: Tanshinol is an important catechol in the antianginal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza roots (Danshen). This study aimed to characterize tanshinol methylation. Methods: Metabolites of tanshinol were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Metabolism was assessed in vitro with rat and human enzymes. The major metabolites were synthesized for studying their interactions with drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters and their vasodilatory properties. Dose-related tanshinol methylation and its influences on tanshinol pharmacokinetics were also studied in rats. Results: Methylation, preferentially in the 3-hydroxyl group, was the major metabolic pathway of tanshinol. In rats, tanshinol also underwent considerable 3-O-sulfation, which appeared to be poor in human liver. These metabolites were mainly eliminated via renal excretion, which involved tubular secretion mainly by organic anion transporter (OAT) 1. The methylated metabolites had no vasodilatory activity. Entacapone-impaired methylation did not considerably increase systemic exposure to tanshinol in rats. The saturation of tanshinol methylation in rat liver could be predicted from the Michaelis constant of tanshinol for catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Tanshinol had low affinity for human COMT and OATs; its methylated metabolites also had low affinity for the transporters. Tanshinol and its major human metabolite (3-O-methyltanshinol) exhibited negligible inhibitory activities against human cytochrome P450 enzymes, organic anion transporting polypeptides 1B1/1B3, multidrug resistance protein 1, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, and breast cancer resistance protein. Conclusion: Tanshinol is mainly metabolized via methylation. Tanshinol and its major human metabolite have low potential for pharmacokinetic interactions with synthetic antianginal agents. This study will help define the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia related to tanshinol methylation.

The glutamatergic projection from the motor cortex to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) constitutes the cortico-basal ganglia circuit and plays a critical role in the control of movement. Emerging evidence shows that the cortico-STN pathway is susceptible to dopamine depletion. Specifically in Parkinson's disease (PD), abnormal electrophysiological activities were observed in the motor cortex and STN, while the STN serves as a key target of deep brain stimulation for PD therapy. However, direct morphological changes in the cortico-STN connectivity in response to PD progress are poorly understood at present. In the present study, we used a trans-synaptic anterograde tracing method with herpes simplex virus-green fluorescent protein (HSV-GFP) to monitor the cortico-STN connectivity in a rat model of PD. We found that the connectivity from the primary motor cortex (M1) to the STN was impaired in parkinsonian rats as manifested by a marked decrease in trans-synaptic infection of HSV-GFP from M1 neurons to STN neurons in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats. Ultrastructural analysis with electron microscopy revealed that excitatory synapses in the STN were also impaired in parkinsonian rats. Glutamatergic terminals identified by a specific marker (vesicular glutamate transporter 1) were reduced in the STN, while glutamatergic neurons showed an insignificant change in their total number in both the M1 and STN regions. These results indicate that the M1-STN glutamatergic connectivity is downregulated in parkinsonian rats. This downregulation is mediated probably via a mechanism involving the impairments of excitatory terminals and synapses in the STN.

The operation behavior of the supply chain at all stages and the supply chain relationship based on input-output relationship were clarified through analysis of the three-stage supply chain network structure and the operation mode of each stage. In order to measure the efficiency of three-stage dairy supply chain, the network DEA model was constructed, and the supply chain of 29 Chinese dairy enterprises was studied. The total efficiency of three-stage dairy supply chain under DEA model was calculated. The relationship between the total efficiency and the efficiency of each fraction was introduced. By using the envelope model, the frontier was obtained and the corresponding measures were put forward to improve the efficiency of the three-stage dairy supply chain.

Mangosteen fruit is fermented with five different strains (i.e. GRE (Y1), Lalvin RC212 (Y2), Lalvin D254 (Y3), CGMCC2.23 (Y4) and CGMCC2.4 (Y5)) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to make mangosteen wines. A total of 36 volatile compounds of the mangosteen wines were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-pulsed flame photometric detection. A total of 35 odour-active compounds were identified by gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis and by the detection frequency (DF) method. The compounds with high DF values included ethyl octanoate, ethyl hexanoate and 3-methyl-2-butene-1-thiol. Principal component analysis was used to characterise the differences of the flavour profiles of those mangosteen wines. The result demonstrated that the samples could be divided into three groups that were associated closely with aroma-active compounds.

An improved iterative approach is proposed to design a diffractive axicon with long focal depth and high lateral resolution. Model designs of the diffractive axicon are carried out in order to convert multi-wavelength uniform beam and Gaussian beam into long focal depth focusing. The numerical results indicate that the designed axicon can achieve long extended focal depth, high transverse resolution and diffraction efficiency simultaneously. Furthermore, a uniform plateau profile can be obtained by using multiple weighted algorithm. The axicon that generates two preset focal depths has been designed, which can also exhibit two perfect long focal depths.

The corrosion behavior of Incoloy 800 as the receiver tube materials in a solar tower field exposed to a mixed molten nitrate salts (KNO3: 40wt.%, NaNO3: 60wt%) at 560°C, has been investigated by several methods. After Incoloy 800 specimens were immersed respectively in molten salts at 560°C for different times (5h, 10h, 20h, 30h, 40h, 60h, and 80h), the weight-loss of specimens were test, the morphology of oxide films on the Incoloy 800 specimens were observed by Optical microscope (OM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the phase composition of the oxide film were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The experimental results revealed that the corrosion kinetics of the tested alloy agreed with the parabolic law at 560°C, and the corrosion rate is 91.5μm/year. The analysis of the phase composition shows the oxide films had a duplex layer structure with Fe2O3in the outer layer, andγ-(Fe,Ni) and Cr2O3in the inner layer.

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) now is widely used in hybrid vehicle drive area. When the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is used in PMSM control, the stator three phase currents must be collected for its control calculation. In this paper, a PMSM stator current collection system based on C8051F500 and AD7865 is designed, and proved to be effective with experiments.

Gibberellin (GA) 20-oxidase (GA20ox) catalyses consecutive steps of oxidation in the late part of the GA biosynthetic pathway. A T-DNA insertion mutant (17S-14) in rice, with an elongated phenotype, was isolated. Analysis of the flanking sequences of the T-DNA insertion site revealed that an incomplete T-DNA integration resulted in enhanced constitutively expression of downstream OsGA20ox3 in the mutant. The accumulation of bioactive GA1 and GA4 were increased in the mutant in comparison with the wild-type plant. Transgenic plants overexpressing OsGA20ox3 showed phenotypes similar to those of the 17S-14 mutant, and the RNA interference (RNAi) lines that had decreased OsGA20ox3 expression exhibited a semidwarf phenotype. Expression of OsGA20ox3 was detected in the leaves and roots of young seedlings, immature panicles, anthers, and pollens, based on β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity staining in transgenic plants expressing the OsGA20ox3 promoter fused to the GUS gene. The OsGA20ox3 RNAi lines showed enhanced resistance against rice pathogens Magnaporthe oryzae (causing rice blast) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (causing bacterial blight) and increased expression of defense-related genes. Conversely, OsGA20ox3-overexpressing plants were more susceptible to these pathogens comparing with the wild-type plants. The susceptibility of wild-type plants to X. oryzae pv. oryzae was increased by exogenous application of GA3 and decreased by S-3307 treatment. Together, the results provide direct evidence for a critical role of OsGA20ox3 in regulating not only plant stature but also disease resistance in rice.

A new elastic element of fiber Bragg grating accelerometer which is four peripheral clamped trapezoidal beams is developed. On the basis of analyzing the mechanical condition of this elastic element, the theoretical model is obtained. This kind of elastic element not only can be used with fiber Bragg grating accelerometer, but also other types of sensors.

A new elastic element of fiber Bragg grating(FBG) accelerometer which is four peripheral clamped trapezoidal beams is developed. The simulation of this elastic element with ANSYS is carried out. From the results, it shows that as an elastic element, four beams have the advantages of lower cross-axis sensitivity which is smaller than 52 dB and nearly uniform strain along the grating area. In addition, its work frequency is higher than the single beam constituting four beams. This kind of elastic element not only can be used with fiber Bragg grating accelerometer, but also other types of sensors.

In this paper, we propose a cluster-based senone selection method to speed up the computation of deep neural networks (DNN) at the decoding time of speech recognition. In DNN-based acoustic models, the large number of senones at the output layer is one of the main causes that lead to the high computation complexity of DNNs. Inspired by the mixture selection method designed for the Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based acoustic modeling, only a subset of the senones at the output layer of DNNs are selected to calculate the posterior probabilities in our proposed method. The senone selection strategy is derived by clustering the acoustic inputs according to their linear outputs at the top hidden layer. Experimental results show that the number of senones need to be calculated can be reduced by 63% without significant performance loss after applying our proposed method. As a result, the overall speed of the recognition process can be accelerated by 13% compared to the baseline.

A new elastic element of fiber Bragg grating accelerometer which is four peripheral clamped trapezoidal beams is developed. On the basis of analyzing the mechanical condition of this elastic element, the theoretical model is obtained. Furthermore, the degree of strain uniformity of the beam will be discussed. The elastic element has nearly uniform stain near the fixed end , where can be as grating area. This kind of elastic element not only can be used with fiber Bragg grating accelero- meter, but also other types of sensors.

Research on performance of waste ceramics and ultra fine sand was carried on. And based on it, waste ceramics were crushed as recycled ceramic sand, and substituted for parts of ultra fine sand to make mortar. The feasibility, economic and social benefits of a combination of recycled ceramic sand and ultra fine sand was analyzed. The study provides us with a new solution for waste ceramics disposal and ultra fine sand usage.

Aim: Individual differences in chemosensitivity and clinical outcome in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy may be due to genetic factors. Our study aimed to investigate the prognostic role of GSTP1, XRCC1 and XRCC3 in NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 460 cases were consecutively selected from The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University between Jan. 2003 to Nov. 2006, and all were followed-up until Nov. 2011. Genotyping of GSTP1 Ile105Val, XRCC1 Arg194Trp, XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XRCC3 Thr241Met was conducted by duplex polymerase-chain-reaction with confronting-two-pair primer methods. Results: Patients with GSTP Val/Val exhibited a shorter survival time, and had a 1.89 fold greater risk of death than did those with the IIe/IIe genotype. For XRCC1 Arg194Trp, the variant genotype Trp/Trp was significantly associated with a decreased risk of death from NSCLC when compared with the Arg/Arg. Individuals carrying XRCC1 399Gln/Gln genotype had a longer survival time, with a lowered risk of death from NSCLC. Conclusion: This study indicated that GSTP1 Ile105Val, XRCC1 Arg194Trp and XRCC1Arg399Gln genes have a role in modifying the effect of platinum-based chemotherapy for NSCLC patients in a Chinese population. Our findings provide information for therapeutic decisions for individualized therapy in NSCLC cases.

Stable iron quantum wire with atomic-scale was successfully fabricated and electrically characterized with an electrochemical method in solution by a home-made electrochemically controlled system. By careful controlling the etching/deposition process, stepwise conductance behavior could be clearly observed. The I-V curve of the formed iron quantum wire showed the ohmic behavior with low bias voltage. The work is of great significance for molecular electronics, interface electrochemistry and sensing.

In this paper, the effects of xylanase modification on pulp and paper properties of masson pine mechanical pulp were investigated. After the modification, the Zeta potential of pulp and the cationic demand of whitewater increased，the drainage property of the pulp increased obviously. At the same time, the amount of shives decreased, it showed that using bio-enzyme could improve the utilization rate of raw materials as well as reduces the energy consumption of the mechanical pulp. On the other hand, xylanase modification had great effect on the dynamic contact angle, with the dosage of xylanase increased, the contact angle of the pulp first increased and then reduced.

Mechanical pulping is a kind of high yield pulping that comes with the comprehensive utilization of plant material. Mechanical pulp has lots of benefits, such as simple process, low pollution, good bulkiness, fine stiffness, excellent optical performance and good printability. However, it also has disadvantages of lower paper physical strength and higher refining energy. In this paper, AU-MTPE90 enzyme and acid xylanase were used to modify the masson pine mechanical pulp before refining. The effects of modification on the shape parameters of masson pine mechanical pulp fiber and pulp properties were studied. The results showed that after modified by AU-MTPE90 enzyme and acid xylanase，the drainability of the refined pulp increased, the average fiber length increased and the fines percent decreased. The curl index and kink index increased slightly after modified by AU-MTPE90 enzyme，while the kink index decreased after modified by xylanase.

Graphene, comprising of monolayer of carbon atoms packed into a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, has a series of peculiar properties such as the anomalously quantized Hall effects, the large charge carrier mobility and so on. Both micromechanical cleavage method and hydrazine reduction process are used to produce graphene sheet. Two kinds of graphene pattern have been placed between the source and the drain electrodes of a new type of combined three dimensional back-gated FET as the channel by location transplantation method. Micromechanical cleavage method can produce graphene which has uniform crystal lattice structure and the same chirality, while chemical reductions produce graphene with different chirality. The IDS-VDS curves of FET properties show that micromechanical cleavage graphene sheet channels have obvious response to the gate voltage.

In order to increase the sensitivity, a new measuring method is proposed that two sensing fiber gratings change differentially modulated with a matching grating. The simulation of this method indicates that it can raise the sensitivity one time higher than that of a sensing fiber grating, as well as restrict the effect of temperature.

A rapid and accurate method for simultaneous identification of foodborne infectious pathogens was developed based on oligonucleotide microarray technology. The proposed identification method is based on PCR amplification of the target region of the groEL genes with degenerate primers, followed by the PCR products hybridization with oligonucleotide probes specific for species. The groEL gene amplification products of seventeen species of pathogenic bacteria were hybridized to the oligonucleotide array. Hybridization results were analyzed with digoxigenin-linked enzyme reaction. Results indicated that fifteen species of pathogenic bacteria showed high sensitivity and specificity for the oligonucleotide array, while two other species gave cross-reaction with the E. coli. Our results suggested that microarray analysis of foodborne infectious pathogens might be very useful for simultaneous identification of bacterial pathogens. The oligonucleotide array can also be applied to samples collected in clinical settings of foodborne infections. The superiority of oligonucleotide array over other tests lies on its rapidity, accuracy and efficiency in the diagnosis, treatment and control of foodborne infections. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Interdigital ulcer is an exceptionally rare condition while erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica is common for candidiasis. Four Chinese patients with Candida interdigital ulcers were reported. The exudates were examined directly and cultured for fungi. Skin biopsies were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid Schiff. There were a man and three women (age range: 34-56 years) who presented with 1- to 3-month history of chronic cutaneous ulcer on the interdigital web of hand or foot. The lesions were located on hand for one woman, and on the left foot for the rest. The patients had poor response to the previous treatment of topical steroids and oral antimicrobials. Candida albicans was isolated from a man and two women, Candida tropicalis from another woman. Biopsy specimens revealed yeast and mycelium as well as inflammatory infiltrate in necrotic tissue in two patients; only inflammatory cells in the other two. The patients had complete remission with oral itraconazole and topical bifonazole cream therapy for 3- to 5-week. Candida species may cause interdigital ulcer on hand or foot. Oral itraconazole and topical bifonazole may be an optional therapy for such an ulcer.