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Abstract Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors regulate numerous cellular processes, such as metabolism and signal transduction, but can also drive tumorigenesis. Specifically, in lung cancer, the overexpression of FGFs, as well as the amplification, mutation and fusion of FGFR genes, are closely linked to the initiation, progression and resistance of the disease, suggesting that targeting FGF/FGFR is an attractive therapeutic strategy for lung cancer treatment. Nintedanib, a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) used in combination with docetaxel, has shown some success as a second-line therapy for lung cancer. However, clinical trials evaluating other FGFR inhibitors have yielded mixed results, indicating substantial complexity in targeting aberrant FGF/FGFR signaling. In this review, we describe the aberrations in FGF/FGFR signaling in lung cancer and summarize the clinical efficacy of FGFR inhibitors, such as multitarget TKIs, selective FGFR-TKIs and biological agents. We also discuss various challenges associated with FGFR targeting in lung cancer, including precision patient selection, toxicity and resistance. Finally, we provide perspectives on future directions, namely, developing novel FGFR-targeting drugs, such as FGFR degraders and more specific FGFR-TKIs, adopting combination therapy and targeting FGFs.

Abstract Background The number of registered male nurses has increased in China, yet research specifically addressing their turnover intentions remains limited. While high turnover intention is known to exacerbate the workforce shortage of nurses, the national level and unique factors contributing to turnover intention among registered male nurses in China are unclear and underexplored. Aim This study aimed to investigate the turnover intention of registered male nurses in China and its unique influencing factors, with focus on variables that have received limited attention in previous research. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 13,088 registered male nurses were recruited from over 1,000 hospitals across China between May and August 2023. Data collection was conducted through an online questionnaire. Univariate analysis and multinomial logistics regression were performed to analyze the data. Clinical trial number Not applicable. Results Our analysis revealed that 71.6% of registered male nurses in China exhibited medium to high turnover intentions. Male nurses with no children, lower occupational prestige, and lower work values were more likely to exhibit a higher turnover intention. Other significant factors contributing to a high turnover intention included low income satisfaction, limited career development opportunities, and minimal support from hospitals. Conclusions A substantial proportion of registered male nurses in China express moderate to high turnover intentions, driven by factors that extend beyond traditional occupational concerns. This study highlights the importance of addressing less explored variables such as work value, occupational prestige and marital pressures in developing targeted interventions to enhance job satisfaction and reduce turnover within this essential workforce segment.

The problem of spontaneous combustion of coal left in the goaf poses a serious threat to coal mine safety, and the accurate positioning of its hidden ignition source is the key to effective governance. In order to accurately detect the location of the hidden ignition source of spontaneous combustion, combining the latest research results of scholars at home and abroad, the principles and applications of drilling detection method, infrared detection method, optical fiber temperature measurement method, thermocouple temperature measurement method, geological radar detection method, isotopic radon measurement method, and indicator gas detection method are reviewed. The above methods solve the problem of determining the dangerous area of spontaneous combustion, but are limited by their own technical characteristics and cannot fully adapt to the complex environment of the goaf, making it difficult to accurately detect the location of the ignition source. Compared with traditional methods, acoustic temperature measurement technology has the advantages of wide applicability, high reliability, and low economic investment. It has been successfully applied to the temperature field monitoring of grain storage warehouses. The porous medium characteristics of loose coal bodies in the goaf are similar to those of grain storage particles, based on which the idea of acoustic detection of hidden ignition sources in the goaf is proposed. We review and discuss the implementation methods and research progress of active acoustic wave temperature measurement method in the detection of hidden ignition sources in the goaf spontaneous combustion hazard area, focusing on the deficiencies in the current acoustic detection technology research related to acoustic feature recognition, acoustic attenuation, acoustic bending, temperature field reconstruction algorithm optimization, etc.

With the continuous exploitation of coal resources, the economic losses and casualties caused by coal spontaneous combustion have become increasingly prominent. It is of great significance to study the mechanism of coal spontaneous combustion, coping strategies and utilization of coal fire resources to promote the green prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion. This paper summarizes and combs the research status of coal spontaneous combustion, mainly reviews the mechanism and prevention technology of coal spontaneous combustion, the thermal dynamic evolution of coal fire disaster and the extraction and utilization of coal fire thermal energy. The purpose is to provide reference for the research and practice in the field of coal spontaneous combustion, and to promote the effective control of coal fire disasters and the rational use of resources.

In order to investigate the evolution characteristics of the key groups and their thermal effects under the effect of oxygen-depleted, the thermal reaction process of coal under different oxygen concentrations and the change law of its microscopic groups were studied by using Differential Scanning Calorimetry experiments and in-situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy experiments. The results indicate that the coal spontaneous combustion exothermic process can be divided into five stages: evaporation heat absorption, oxidation heat release, decomposition heat storage, combustion heat release, and burnout, and the groups can be categorized into four groups: aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds, hydroxyl groups and carbon-oxygen groups. With the increase of reaction temperature, —C=C— in coal decreased gradually, aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds and carbon-oxygen groups first increased and then decreased, and hydroxyl groups showed a two-stage decreasing trend. With the decrease of oxygen concentration, the coal reaction heat flow curve and characteristic temperature shifted to the high temperature region, and the reaction intensity, heat release and exothermic characteristic parameters decreased. Oxygen did not change the laws of the coal spontaneous combustion exothermic process and variations of groups, but it would significantly affect its key temperature nodes. Further, the grey correlation and quantum chemical methods were used to determine the evolutionary characteristics of key groups and their reactive thermal effects. The results showed that the trend of the most key groups of exothermic process of coal spontaneous combustion at any oxygen concentration was —OH-1→—COO—→Ar—CH→Ar—CH, but the key groups were attributed to hydroxyl group → carbon-oxygen → aliphatic compound → carboxylic compound. The key groups and their attribution had not been changed in the exothermic process of coal spontaneous combustion in the oxygen-depleted state. The production of H2O and CO during coal spontaneous combustion is a spontaneous exothermic reaction, whereas the reaction of C2H4 and C2H2 production is a non-spontaneous absorptive reaction, and the sensitivity of C2H4 and C2H2 as spontaneous combustion indicator gases is stronger than that of the first two. The C2H2 generation reaction is one of the key reasons for the emergence of a significant endothermic peak in the coal oxidation exothermic stage, and the combustion of aromatic hydrocarbons to produce CO and CO2 is one of the main reasons for the intense exothermic process of coal combustion.

Abstract Background Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSCs) is associated with high mortality (20–30%) and lacks of effective treatments. Almost all LUSC exhibit somatic mutations in TP53. Wee1, a tyrosine kinase, regulates the cell cycle at the G2/M checkpoint. In TP53-deficient cells, the dependence on G2/M checkpoints increases. PD0166285 is the first reported drug with inhibitory activity against both Wee1 and PKMYT1. Methods Protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. Cell proliferation was assessed using cell colony formation and CCK-8 assays. Cell cycle was performed by PI staining with flow cytometry. Apoptosis was evaluated using Annexin V-Phycoerythrin double staining and flow cytometry. DNA damage was detected through comet assay and immunofluorescence assay. In vivo, apoptosis and anti-tumor effects were assessed using the TUNEL assay, a nude mouse model, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Co-immunoprecipitation assay was used to detect protein–protein interactions. We analyzed Wee1, PKMYT1, and Stat1 expression in pan-cancer studies using the Ualcan public database and assessed their prognostic implications with Kaplan–Meier curves. Result PD0166285, a Wee1 inhibitor, effectively inhibits Wee1 activity, promoting cell entry into a mitotic crisis. Moreover, PD0166285 sensitizes cells to cisplatin, enhancing clinical outcomes. Our study demonstrated that PD016628 regulates the cell cycle through Rad51 and results in cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. We observed increased apoptosis in tumor cells treated with PD0166285, particularly when combined with cisplatin, indicating an enhanced apoptotic response. The upregulation of γ-H2AX serves as an indicator of mitotic catastrophe. Co-immunoprecipitation and data analysis revealed that apoptosis in LUSC is mediated through the Stat1 pathway, accompanied by decreased levels of Socs3. Furthermore, IHC staining confirmed significant differences in the expression of Phospho-CDK1 and γ-H2AX in LUSCs, suggesting involvement in DNA damage. Conclusions In summary, our study suggests that PD0166285, an inhibitor of Wee1, sensitizes LUSC cells to cisplatin and modulates DNA damage and apoptosis pathways through Rad51 and Stat1, respectively. These findings highlight the combination of PD0166285 and cisplatin as a promising therapeutic approach for treating LUSC.

Epoxy resin is widely used in electrical equipment and electronic devices fields due to its excellent electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. However, its internal three-dimensional covalent interconnection structure brings barriers to its degradability and recycling because covalent bonds cannot be broken easily. With the replacements of power equipment and electronic devices, there will be more and more epoxy resins and their composites in them to be treated and effective recycling is of great significance for resource conservation and environmental protection. In this review article, recent progress in degradation and recycling of epoxy resin is introduced and the effect of three traditional degradation methods is discussed. The drawbacks of these methods are thought to come from the intrinsic properties of these epoxy resins. So the urgency of developing new kinds of degradable epoxy resins is proposed. Then different types of new degradable epoxy resins are reviewed. Degradation mechanisms of the opened-loop recycling and recycling methods of the closed-loop recycling are summarized in detail. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are discussed based on their current developments. This review comprehensively considers both traditional degradation methods and new methods for developing degradable epoxy resins. It covers not only an overview of the state-of-the-art advances of degradation and recycling of epoxy resin but also the prospects that provide reference for the synthesis of degradable epoxy resin materials.

Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the potential signaling mechanism of Aconitum tanguticum (Maxim.) Stapf (ATS) and its impact on intestinal fibrosis in vitro. Methods: Network pharmacology was used to screen the active components of ATS and predict their potential targets in intestinal fibrosis. The protein–protein interaction network graph was constructed using drug–disease intersection targets retrieved from the Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database. The network diagram was analyzed using Cytoscape 3.6.1’stopology function. The gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were conducted using the database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery platform. Intestinal fibroblast model in vitro was constructed using transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced CCD-18Co cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the network pharmacology-predicted antifibrotic signaling pathway of ATS and the traditional antifibrotic signaling pathway. Results: Network pharmacology revealed that there were 19 active components in ATS, suggesting that ATS could be involved in the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), PIK3CA, MAPK3, and other important targets that are present in cancer pathways, including proteoglycans, influenza A, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways. The results of quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) demonstrated that 0.1–1 μg/mL ATS may suppress tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, collagen I, and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression levels. The expression of the TGF-β/suppressor of the mother against decapentaplegic (Smad) and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways was controlled by ATS. In addition, ATS inhibited the PI3K/Akt pathway by reducing the expression of MAPK1, HSP90AA1, and PIK3CA. Conclusions: It has been confirmed that ATS is a multipathway and multitarget treatment for intestinal fibrosis. This study suggested that ATS might alleviate intestinal fibrosis by blocking both the TGF-β/Smad and the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Highlights A large-scale metabolic adaptation in M1-polarized macrophages compared with M2 macrophages, along with multiple altered metabolite parameters that can serve as potential targets, have been discussed. Nanomaterial-based repurposing of macrophage metabolism and its applications are systematically summarized and illustrated using representative examples. Potential challenges, additional information about future research objectives, and priorities of nanomaterial-based macrophage immunotherapy are highlighted.

Abstract The cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi, a polyphagous pest, poses a significant threat to the global citrus industry. The hermaphroditic self-fertilization observed in I. purchasi is an exceptionally rare reproductive mode among insects. In this study, we successfully assembled a chromosome-level genome sequence for I. purchasi using PacBio long-reads and the Hi-C technique, resulting in a total size of 1,103.38 Mb and a contig N50 of 12.81 Mb. The genome comprises 14,046 predicted protein-coding genes, with 462,722,633 bp occurrence of repetitive sequences. BUSCO analysis revealed a completeness score of 93.20%. The genome sequence of I. purchasi serves as a crucial resource for comprehending the reproductive modes in insects, with particular emphasis on hermaphroditic self-fertilization.

Background and aimsThe clinical aspects of Crohn’s disease (CD) at diagnosis determine its therapy and management. The onset of CD follows a seasonal pattern. We aimed to analyze changes in the clinical features and seasonal variations of newly CD patients over the last decade.MethodsCD patients were divided into cohort 1 (2012–2016) and cohort 2 (2017–2021). The clinical characteristics were collected and the trends according to the year and season of diagnosis were analyzed.ResultsA total of 2038 patients were included. Cohort 1 had a considerably greater proportion of diarrhea, fever, hematochezia, weight loss and extraintestinal manifestations. The levels of platelet and C-reactive protein were higher in cohort 2 patients, but the opposite was true for albumin levels (p

In this study, coal samples' reactive group contents were changed using extractants, and the effects of the reactive group contents spontaneous coal combustion were investigated using infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that the coal samples' hydroxyl group contents decreased in the order ethylenediamine (3.832 %) > N-methyl-2-pyrollidone mixed solution (2.091 %) > petroleum ether (0.882 %) > toluene (0.495 %) and that the hydroxyl group content was inversely related to the characteristic temperature point. RDG analysis showed that ethylenediamine formed N–H–O hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl-group-bearing molecules, coal molecules formed C–H–O hydrogen bonds with NMP molecules, petroleum ether generated a cumulative dispersive force with aliphatic side chains, and toluene molecules' benzene rings formed a very stable spatial structure with coal molecules' benzene rings. The thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry curves showed that because the characteristic temperature points of the extracted coal samples moved to the high-temperature region from T5 onward, the coal samples had to be heated to a higher temperature to reach the energy required for the reaction. From the DSC thermograms, the exergy decreased in the order toluene (110.68 J/g) > NMP (110.52 J/g) > ethylenediamine (78.29 J/g) > petroleum ether (65.45 J/g). With increasing temperature from T1 to T6, the Pearson correlation coefficients of the alcoholic and phenolic hydroxyl groups were calculated at −0.7, −0.72, −0.93, −0.84, −0.8, −0.8, and −0.93 and −0.72, −0.91, −0.83, −0.79, −0.815, and −0.91, respectively, indicating that the hydroxyl group content influenced the coal's spontaneous combustion more than the other groups' contents.

Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) plays an essential role in the cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA repair, and oncogene activation through p53-dependent and p53-independent signaling pathways. Several preclinical studies have shown that MDM2 is involved in tumor immune evasion. Therefore, MDM2-based regulation of tumor cell-intrinsic immunoregulation and the immune microenvironment has attracted increasing research attention. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1 have been widely used in the clinic. However, the effectiveness of a single agent is only approximately 20%–40%, which may be related to primary and secondary drug resistance caused by the dysregulation of oncoproteins. Here, we reviewed the role of MDM2 in regulating the immune microenvironment, tumor immune evasion, and hyperprogression during immunotherapy. In addition, we summarized preclinical and clinical findings on the use of MDM2 inhibitors in combination with immunotherapy in tumors with MDM2 overexpression or amplification. The results reveal that the inhibition of MDM2 could be a promising strategy for enhancing immunotherapy.

ABSTRACT Background Since the development of the first‐generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI), it has played a crucial role in the treatment of BCR::ABL1‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, ABL1 kinase domain (ABL1 KD) mutations confer resistance to several TKIs. These mutations have been extensively studied in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) but less so in BCR::ABL1‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods Our study aimed to analyze the the ABL1 KD mutations in 97 consecutive newly‐diagnosed adults with BCR::ABL1‐positive ALL before therapy, in cytogenetic complete remission and at relapse with next generation sequencing (NGS). The relationship between ABL1 KD mutations and TKI selection was also analyzed. Results Previously unreported ABL1 KD mutations R239G, F401V/L, R516L and K262T were the most prevalent in pre‐therapy and cytogenetic remission samples, whereas T315I/P and P‐loop mutations were most prevalent in relapse samples. R239G, F401V/L, R516L and K262T are related to the BCR::ABL1 structure, whereas T315I/P and P‐loop mutations directly alter kinase activity. BaF3 cells transfected with ABL1 KD F401V, K262T, R239G, or R516L mutations were resistant to imatinib but strongly inhibited by olverembatinib with IC50 values of 0.73 to 1.52nM. Meanwhile, olverembatinib had advantages in increasing complete molecular response (CMR) and good prognosis. Conclusion Overall, our findings indicate the prevalence and impact of new ABL1 KD mutations in BCR::ABL1‐positive ALL patients, highlighting the necessity for effective therapies targetingthese mutations.

Injectable hydrogels, which are polymeric materials that are characterized by their ability to be injected in a liquid form into cavities and subsequently undergo in situ solidification, have garnered significant attention. These materials are extensively used in a range of biomedical applications. This study synthesized several injectable composite hydrogels through the mild Schiff base reaction while imposing different concentrations of quaternary ammonium chitosan and oxidized pullulan. Subsequent characterizations revealed a consistent and coherent porous structure within the hydrogels with smooth inner walls. The hydrogels were also determined to possess good adhesion, mechanical properties, self-healing ability, and injectability. Furthermore, antimicrobial tests against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated antibacterial properties, which improved with increasing concentrations of quaternary ammonium chitosan. Co-culturing with skin fibroblasts demonstrated that the injectable hydrogels exhibited favourable biocompatibility and the capacity to boost cellular activity, thus underscoring its potential for use in biomedical applications.

Sulfur mustard (2,2′-dichloroethylsulfide; SM) is a bifunctional alkylating agent that can easily penetrate skin and cause persistent pain and damage. Effective biological dressings are required to treat wounds caused or poisoned by SM. Though the use of SM is regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention, it is still a threat during wars and terrorist attacks. Herein, we present a photothermal-enhanced detoxification microneedles array (MNA) encapsulated with ZnIn2S4@UiO-66-NH2 (ZnInS/UIO) catalysts for the treatment of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES, SM analog)-poisoned wounds under simulated sunlight (SSL) irradiation. Due to the excellent photothermal detoxification capability possessed by ZnInS/UIO, the conversion rate of CEES can be significantly increased under SSL exposure. When encased in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) MNA and piercing into the skin, ZnInS/UIO catalysts can be released quickly from MNA for detoxification. After applying the resultant ZnInS/UIO-MNA to the CEES-poisoned wound bed, acceleration of the wound healing process and a reduced inflammatory response can be confirmed. In conclusion, ZnInS/UIO-MNA has encouraging potential as a first-aid dressing for CEES-poisoned wound healing in battlefields and injuries related to acts of terrorism.

Abstract Background Advanced unresectable gastric cancer (GC) patients were previously treated with chemotherapy alone as the first-line therapy. However, with the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) 2022 approval of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor combined with chemotherapy as the first-li ne treatment for advanced unresectable GC, patients have significantly benefited. However, the significant costs and potential adverse effects necessitate precise patient selection. In recent years, the advent of deep learning (DL) has revolutionized the medical field, particularly in predicting tumor treatment responses. Our study utilizes DL to analyze pathological images, aiming to predict first-line PD-1 combined chemotherapy response for advanced-stage GC. Methods In this multicenter retrospective analysis, Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)-stained slides were collected from advanced GC patients across four medical centers. Treatment response was evaluated according to iRECIST 1.1 criteria after a comprehensive first-line PD-1 immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy. Three DL models were employed in an ensemble approach to create the immune checkpoint inhibitors Response Score (ICIsRS) as a novel histopathological biomarker derived from Whole Slide Images (WSIs). Results Analyzing 148,181 patches from 313 WSIs of 264 advanced GC patients, the ensemble model exhibited superior predictive accuracy, leading to the creation of ICIsNet. The model demonstrated robust performance across four testing datasets, achieving AUC values of 0.92, 0.95, 0.96, and 1 respectively. The boxplot, constructed from the ICIsRS, reveals statistically significant disparities between the well response and poor response (all p-values

Abstract The mechanisms responsible for invisible gold enrichment driven by coupled dissolution-reprecipitation reaction (CDR) are debated. Here we report the micro- to nano-scale textures of arsenian pyrite in a high-grade (>10 g/t) gold ore from the Chang’an deposit to trace the gold enrichment process. Our study records a CDR-driven evolution of mineral growth from an As-rich, Au-poor pyrite core, with numerous fine arsenopyrite inclusions, to an inclusion-free, As-Au-rich oscillatory pyrite rim. The reaction occurred at ~260 °C under 4.7 to 5.8 pH and –36.6 to –32.9 logfO2 conditions. The elevated As but depleted S contents in the pyrite core indicate a combined elevation of S fugacity and solubility of Au. The coprecipitation of arsenopyrite inclusions in the core caused a depletion of S fugacity to –13.8 ~ –11.7, triggering Au enrichment in the rim. This non-unique process has the potential to explain the upgrade of invisible Au in arsenian sulfides, worldwide.

For reducing the incidence of mine fires, the limitations and shortcomings of the existing monitoring and early warning technologies for coal spontaneous combustion disaster are sorted out, and it is pointed out that the future development should focus on the application of advanced monitoring technology, the improvement of the accuracy of prediction technology, the development of early warning system and intelligent management. Aiming at the hidden, persistent, proliferation and difficult to control characteristics of coal spontaneous combustion disaster, the future development direction of coal spontaneous combustion disaster monitoring and early warning technology is proposed: improve the comprehensiveness of the method for determining the critical value of natural ignition of coal, and use emerging equipment and advanced technology to improve the method of determining the critical value of natural ignition of coal; for the complex coal spontaneous combustion environment of the mine, and the comprehensive and refined monitoring parameters of the spontaneous combustion of coal can be improved by studying new advanced technologies such as acoustic wave detection; promote the innovation of coal spontaneous combustion monitoring and early warning technology and the intelligence of decision-making, and use digital twin technology to provide accurate simulation and prediction capabilities, optimize prevention and control plans, provide training and emergency management, as well as the help in data analysis and decision support; focus on the intelligent integration of comprehensive perception, accurate prediction and prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion disasters, and strengthen the research on technologies such as data analysis of coal spontaneous combustion disasters, active early warning before disasters, post-disaster accident management, and automatic closure of fire areas.

The total amount and scope of mined-out areas caused by the coal mining activities in China are large. Effective identification and detection of the coal spontaneous combustion point in the mined-out zone is an important guarantee for the safe production of coal mines. From the process of coal spontaneous combustion in the mining area and the characteristics of the formation and transfer of high-temperature points, the characteristics of the generation and evolution of high-temperature points in the mining area are summarized, and the basic theoretical support is provided for the effective identification and detection of high-temperature points of coal spontaneous combustion in the mining area. Focusing on the basic principles, research progress and practical application effects of underground direct exploration technology, surface and airborne detection technology, the authors conduct multiple comparisons in terms of reliability and stability, and analyze the applicability of the existing detection technologies for identifying the high-temperature point of coal spontaneous combustion. Aiming at the difficulties in detection, the research status and application potential of emerging technologies such as the mine acoustic temperature information detection, the heat source detection based on quantum technology, and the millimeter radar wave detection technology are expanded and analyzed. The future development trend of coal spontaneous combustion hidden ignition source detection technology is envisioned through the comprehensive assessment of existing technologies and the prospective thinking of emerging technologies. Combined with the current development trend of physical exploration technology and multiple information fusion theory, the concept of intelligent visualization system for the dynamic transfer of high-temperature points in the mined-out zone is proposed. The significance of the construction of the platform for the whole life cycle of mining is explained in terms of the application of the integrated time-division and multi-dimensional detection mode of “space-sky-earth-hole” and the digital twin model of the step-by-step spatial-temporal evolution of “feature acquisition-scenario simulation planning-dynamic decision-making”. Through the gradual implementation of the concept, it provides a new decision-making idea for realizing the efficient identification and prediction of hidden fire sources in the mined-out area and the intelligent construction of mines.

Abstract The use of digital twins (DTs) has proliferated across various fields and industries, with a recent surge in the healthcare sector. The concept of digital twin for health (DT4H) holds great promise to revolutionize the entire healthcare system, including management and delivery, disease treatment and prevention, and health well-being maintenance, ultimately improving human life. The rapid growth of big data and continuous advancement in data science (DS) and artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to significantly expedite DT research and development by providing scientific expertise, essential data, and robust cybertechnology infrastructure. Although various DT initiatives have been underway in the industry, government, and military, DT4H is still in its early stages. This paper presents an overview of the current applications of DTs in healthcare, examines consortium research centers and their limitations, and surveys the current landscape of emerging research and development opportunities in healthcare. We envision the emergence of a collaborative global effort among stakeholders to enhance healthcare and improve the quality of life for millions of individuals worldwide through pioneering research and development in the realm of DT technology.

Abstract Background The effectiveness of anti-programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1(PD-L1) therapy in treating certain types of cancer is associated with the level of PD-L1. However, this relationship has not been observed in colorectal cancer (CRC), and the underlying regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 in CRC remains unclear. Methods Binding of TMEM160 to PD-L1 was determined by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and GST pull-down assay.The ubiquitination levels of PD-L1 were verified using the ubiquitination assay. Phenotypic experiments were conducted to assess the role of TMEM160 in CRC cells. Animal models were employed to investigate how TMEM160 contributes to tumor growth.The expression and clinical significance of TMEM160 and PD-L1 in CRC tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry(IHC). Results In our study, we made a discovery that TMEM160 interacts with PD-L1 and plays a role in stabilizing its expression within a CRC model. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TMEM160 hinders the ubiquitination-dependent degradation of PD-L1 by competing with SPOP for binding to PD-L1 in CRC cells. Regarding functionality, the absence of TMEM160 significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, clonogenicity, and radioresistance of CRC cells, while simultaneously enhancing the cytotoxic effect of CD8 + T cells on tumor cells. Conversely, the upregulation of TMEM160 substantially increased these capabilities. In severely immunodeficient mice, tumor growth derived from lentiviral vector shTMEM160 cells was lower compared with that derived from shNC control cells. Furthermore, the downregulation of TMEM160 significantly restricted tumor growth in immune-competent BALB/c mice. In clinical samples from patients with CRC, we observed a strong positive correlation between TMEM160 expression and PD-L1 expression, as well as a negative correlation with CD8A expression. Importantly, patients with high TMEM160 expression exhibited a worse prognosis compared with those with low or no TMEM160 expression. Conclusions Our study reveals that TMEM160 inhibits the ubiquitination-dependent degradation of PD-L1 that is mediated by SPOP, thereby stabilizing PD-L1 expression to foster the malignant progress, radioresistance, and immune evasion of CRC cells. These findings suggest that TMEM160 holds potential as a target for the treatment of patients with CRC.

Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic form of cell death characterized by iron dependence and lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis is involved in a range of pathological processes, such as cancer. Many studies have confirmed that ferroptosis plays an essential role in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. In addition, a series of small-molecule compounds have been developed, including erastin, RSL3, and FIN56, which can be used as ferroptosis inducers. The combination of ferroptosis inducers with anticancer drugs can produce a significant synergistic effect in cancer treatment, and patients treated with these combinations exhibit a better prognosis than patients receiving traditional therapy. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the roles of ferroptosis in cancer is of great significance for the treatment of cancer. This review mainly elaborates the molecular biological characteristics and mechanism of ferroptosis, summarizes the function of ferroptosis in cancer development and treatment,illustrates the application of ferroptosis in patient's prognosis prediction and drug discovery, and discusses the prospects of targeting ferroptosis.

In the quest for sustainable, high-yield crop production, achieving the optimal balance between nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) stands as a pivotal goal. We carried out a 3-year field experiment to evaluate the impacts of the combined application of three N rates (90, 120,180 kg N ha−1) and three K rates (120, 160, 210 kg K2O ha−1) on rice yield, fertilizer use efficiency, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, global warming potential (GWP), GHG intensity (GHGI), and net ecosystem economic benefits (NEEB) in rice paddy. Our results showed that increasing K under the same N treatment proves beneficial for yield gains (average increase of 4.8 %). Such beneficial effect is also reflected in different N treatments, evidenced by the comparable grain yields between N120 × K160 (9.1 t ha−1) and N180×K120 (9.2 t ha−1). Increasing K significantly enhanced N use efficiency (NUE) through the stimulation of NR, GS/GOGAT, and GDH enzyme activities. This enhancement, along with the strengthened radiation use efficiency (4.7 %), contributed to an overall improvement in grain yield. Compared with N180×K120, both rice varieties, under N120×K160 treatment, showed higher NUE with a 47.6 % increase in PFPN, 12.1 % in NHI, 7.6 % in NUEg, and 9.5 % in NUEb, respectively. Higher NUE also reduced GHGI and improved NEEB. Compared with N180 ×K120 treatment, the GWP and GHGI under N120×K160 treatment decreased by 32.7 % and 31.0 %, while the NEEB increased by $31 ha−1. The composite sustainability scores suggested that the N120×K160 treatment was generally more sustainable compared with other treatments. These findings underscore the significance of optimizing N and K application ratios in rice paddy cultivation, not only for maximizing yields and nutrient use efficiency but also for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing economic sustainability, ultimately promoting a more environmentally and economically responsible approach to rice farming.

Background: This study aims to clarify the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of LINC01006, which is involved in migration, invasion and proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and methods: LINC01006 and METTL3 expressions were analyzed in TCGA-LUAD cohort. Colony formation assay, wound-healing assay and transwell assay were performed to evaluate the ability of colony formation, migration and invasion. Q-PCR and western blot analysis determined gene expressions. M6A-RNA immunoprecipitation and m6A quantification assay were used to evaluate m6A modification. qChIP assay was used to validate transcriptional target. Luciferase assay validated the miRNA targets and transcriptional targets. In-situ xenograft model were included to evaluate tumor proliferation in vivo. Results: LINC01006 and METTL3 expressions were elevated in NSCLC cells and tissues. LINC01006 promoted the migration and invasion of NSCLC via epithelial – mesenchymal transition (EMT). The expression of LINC01006 was positively correlated to the expression of METTL3. METTL3 promoted tumor formation and proliferation in the in-situ xenograft model of NSCLC. The expression of LINC01006 was increased by METTL3 via m6A modification. c-MYC directly induced METTL3. Both c-MYC and LINC01006 were commonly targeted by miR-34a/b/c and miR-2682, and thereby c-MYC/METTL3/LINC01006 formed a positive feedback loop through miRNA targets in NSCLC. Conclusions: LINC01006 is an oncogenic lncRNA, which induces migration, invasion and proliferation of NSCLC. METTL3 increases LINC01006 expression through stabilizing LINC01006 mRNA. c-MYC, as a transcription factor, activates METTL3, which results in an elevated level of LINC01006. c-MYC, METTL3 and LINC01006 form a positive feedback loop through multiple miRNA targets in NSCLC.

Background: Previous research on the association between serum albumin (ALB) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) has produced inconclusive results. The polygenic risk score is constructed from a set of independent risk variants associated with a disorder, enabling the identification of a larger fraction of the population at comparable or greater disease risk. It is still unknown whether ALB and genetic factors jointly contribute to the incidence of VTE. Objectives: The present study aimed to explore ALB, genetic susceptibility, and the risk of VTE. Methods: The present investigation was an analysis of prospectively collected data from UK Biobank, a population-based, longitudinal cohort. Cox proportional models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% CIs for VTE. The Kaplan–Meier curve was utilized to visualize the cumulative risk of VTE according to different serum ALB levels, and the restricted cubic spline model was leveraged to explore the exposure–response relationship among ALB levels and VTE risk. Results: During median follow-up of 13.5 years, 11,502 cases with VTE were diagnosed among 417,113 participants in the UK Biobank. The lower ALB levels were associated with a higher risk for VTE. Individuals with both a high genetic risk and lowest ALB level had the highest risk of VTE (hazard ratio, 3.89; 95% CI, 3.41-4.43), compared with those with low genetic risk and highest ALB level. The positive joint effects of low ALB and polygenic risk score increased the risk of VTE in individuals with high genetic risk. This study excluded non-European patients and primarily focused on the European population, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Conclusion: Low serum ALB levels were linked to an increased risk of VTE, which was in accordance with a linear dose–response relationship. There was a positive additive effect of ALB and genetic susceptibility on the risk of VTE. ALB could serve as a biomarker for predicting the risk of VTE.

Abstract Studies on the associations of blood pressure (BP) and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) had been performed neither among pregnant women nor in Chinese population. This study included participants of pregnant women from a retrospective multicenter cohort, between May 2020 and April 2023. Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) of the participants were measured in the third trimester. The incidences of VTE (including deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism) at 42 days postpartum were followed. With regards to SBP, pregnant women in the Q1 (≤114 mmHg), Q2 (115–122 mmHg), and Q4 group (≥131 mmHg) had increased risk of VTE than those in Q3 group (123–130 mmHg), with ORs 4.48 [1.69, 11.85], 3.52 [1.30, 9.59], and 3.17 [1.12, 8.99], respectively. Compared with pregnant women with the Q4 of DBP (≥85 mmHg), women of Q1 (≤71 mmHg) were found to have elevated risk of VTE (OR 2.73 [1.25, 5.96]). A one standard deviation decrease of DBP (9 mmHg) was related with 37% elevated risk of VTE (OR 1.37 [1.05, 1.79]). This study demonstrated a U‐shaped association of SBP in the third trimester and VTE postpartum and inverse association of DBP in the third trimester and VTE postpartum.

Spontaneous combustion of coal increases the risk of fires during its storage and transportation, posing a challenge to the sustainable development of the coal industry. This study employs various similarity criteria, including geometric, time, kinematic, dynamical, Euler’s, Strohal’s, Vernold’s, and Reynolds’ criteria, to investigate the rules of the spread of loose coal body combustion under wind flow conditions using a self-built, open-vehicle coal transportation simulation experimental device. The device recreates the temperature rise process in loose coal bodies, the formation of high-temperature areas, and their subsequent spread. It also analyzes the internal high-temperature area spread and gas distribution rules under wind flow. During the experiment, the temperature of each measurement point changed as the constant temperature time increased, with the measurement points closer to the heat source showing a significant temperature increase compared with those farther away. The experiments were conducted for 70, 54, and 48 h under wind flows of 0, 1, and 2 m·s−1, respectively. The results reveal that the crosswind flow on the surface significantly accelerates the spread of the seed of coal sample combustion. Compared to wind flow at 0 m·s−1, the high-temperature area spread time is 0.3 times quicker (wind flow at 1 m·s−1) and 0.5 times quicker (wind flow at 2 m·s−1); moreover, the maximum temperature of the high-temperature area increases by 120 ± 20 ℃, eventually stabilizing at 510 ℃–560 ℃. The spreading path of the high-temperature area drifts toward the wind under the influence of crosswind flow on the surface. When the wind flow is 0 m·s−1 the difference between the time when the CO concentration peaks at the critical point of each layer and when the critical point reaches 300 ℃ (Δh1) gradually increases with the number of layers. However, under the effect of wind flow, Δh1 is maintained at 1.4 ± 1 h (wind flow at 1 m·s−1) and 0.9 h (wind flow at 2 m·s−1), thus intensifying the coal–oxygen reaction and causing the combustion to spread more rapidly. For each critical point of the oxygen volume fraction of the layers, the time elapsed during the rapid decline phase of the O2 volume fraction at the high-temperature point of combustion gradually increases with depth. When the wind flow is 0 m·s−1, the difference between the time to reach the limiting O2 volume fraction at the critical point and the time to reach 300 ℃ at the critical point (Δh2) increases with depth. However, under the effect of wind flow, Δh2 is maintained at 0.6 ± 0.3 h (wind flow at 1 m·s−1) and 1 ± 0.2 h (wind flow at 2 m·s−1), indicating that surface airflow can exacerbate the rate of O2 consumption during the downward spread of high temperatures. Therefore, controlling air leakage can delay the spread of coal fires. These findings offer valuable insights for developing guidelines to control coal fires during coal transportation and storage.

In order to strengthen the construction of mine fire intelligent monitoring and early warning system, the research idea of mine fire intelligent monitoring and early warning technology, and summarizes the research progress of mine fire intelligent monitoring and early warning technology is put forward. The research progress from three aspects of mine fire intelligent perception technology and equipment, prediction technology and modeling, and intelligent early warning system and platform is summarized. First, the internal and external cause fire information monitoring technology and equipment are summarized, the recognition process based on image-video recognition is summarized, and the content of multi-source information fusion and its application in the fire monitoring process are described. Secondly, the prediction techniques and models for mine fires are introduced, including machine learning algorithms such as support vector machine, artificial neural network, and random forest algorithms. Then, the mine fire early warning system and platform are elaborated. On the basis of summarizing the graded early warning technology for spontaneous coal combustion and exogenous fires in mines, the progress of the mine fire early warning system platform in terms of perception layer, network layer, service fusion layer and application layer is introduced. The connotation of each layer of the early warning system and the application framework are summarized, and the intelligent monitoring and early warning system for fires in mines is constructed. Finally, the future development trend of mine fire intelligent monitoring and early warning technology in China is outlooked including following aspects. In terms of intelligent perception technology of mine fire information, it is proposed to strengthen the research and development of sensing technology and equipment. In terms of intelligent prediction technology for mine fires, it is proposed to strengthen the research on the location exploration method of hidden fire sources and construct a transparent model of fire disasters. In terms of the construction of an intelligent early warning system for mine fires, it is proposed to integrate big data into intelligent judgment, identify the risk sources of mine fire and forecast the sources’ location of hidden fire, and realize the early warning of spontaneous coal combustion under special conditions. In terms of the linkage between the intelligent judgment and prevention and control technology for mine fires, it is proposed to utilize large-scale linguistic models to realize the self-adaptive prevention and control of mine fires on the basis of intelligent judgment.

The influence of carrier mobility on the space charge transport behavior inside the oil-impregnated pressboard insulation of converter transformers cannot be neglected. However, at present, current knowledge is usually derived from empirical or theoretical values, lacks experimental studies, and often ignores the effects of temperature and field strength under actual operating conditions. In this paper, based on the variable-temperature surface potential decay (SPD) method, a carrier mobility measurement platform for oil-impregnated pressboard is established, and the carrier mobility values for different combinations of oil and oil-impregnated pressboard are obtained experimentally to analyze and reveal the influence mechanisms of temperature and field strength on the carrier mobility. The results indicate the following: (1) The positive and negative carrier mobilities of oil-impregnated pressboard are in the range of 10−12–10−13 m2·V−1·s−1, and the negative carrier mobility is always higher than the positive carrier mobility. (2) The carrier mobility is positively correlated with the changes of temperature and field strength, and when the temperature increases from 20 °C to 80 °C, the positive and negative carrier mobilities increase by 4.01 times and 4.72 times, respectively; when the field strength increases from 1 kV/mm to 7 kV/mm, the positive and negative carrier mobility increases by 2.53 and 2.72 times, respectively. (3) The carrier mobility of the pressboard with a higher oil absorption rate changes more significantly with temperature; when the field strength is 7 kV/mm and the temperature increases from 20 °C to 80 °C, the positive polarity carrier mobility increases from 3.96 × 10−13 m2·V−1·s−1 to 2.64 × 10−11 m2·V−1·s−1, an increase of 66.67 times, while the increase in the carrier mobility of the pressboard with a lower oil absorption rate is only 1.59 times. (4) The carrier mobility of the naphthenic transformer oil-impregnated pressboard is higher than that of the paraffin-based transformer oil-impregnated pressboard, and the carrier mobility of two kinds of naphthenic transformer oil-impregnated pressboard is 3.16 times and 2.47 times higher than that of the paraffin-based transformer oil-impregnated pressboard, respectively, under the conditions of 60 °C and 7 kV/mm. (5) Utilizing the Darcy model and microscopic scanning results of the pressboard morphology, it was revealed that permeability and fiber structure are key factors influencing the variation in carrier mobility. The research results of this paper can provide theoretical basis for the calibration and optimization of the oil-pressboard insulation structure of converter transformers.

Coal-to-liquid technology is a key technology to ensuring national energy security, with the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis process at its core. However, in actual production, Fischer–Tropsch wax residue exhibits the characteristics of spontaneous combustion due to heat accumulation, posing a fire hazard when exposed to air for extended periods. This significantly threatens the safe production operations of coal-to-liquid chemical enterprises. This study primarily focuses on the experimental investigation of the oxidative spontaneous combustion process of three typical types of wax residues produced during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to test the thermal flow curves of the three wax residue samples. Kinetic analysis was performed using the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) methods to calculate their apparent activation energy. This study analyzed the thermal behavior characteristics, exothermic properties, and kinetic parameters of three typical wax residue samples, exploring the ease of reaction between wax residues and oxygen and their tendency for spontaneous combustion. The results indicate that Wax Residue 1 is rich in low-carbon chain alkanes and olefins, Wax Residue 2 contains relatively fewer low-carbon chain alkanes and olefins, while Wax Residue 3 primarily consists of high-carbon chain alkanes and olefins. This leads to different thermal behavior characteristics among the three typical wax residue samples, with Wax Residue 1 having the lowest heat release and average apparent activation energy and Wax Residue 3 having the highest heat release and average apparent activation energy. These findings suggest that Wax Residue 1 has a higher tendency for spontaneous combustion. This research provides a scientific basis for the safety management of the coal chemical industry, and further exploration into the storage and handling methods of wax residues could reduce fire risks in the future.

Oil-pressboard/paper insulation materials are essential in transformers for ensuring their safe and stable operation, primarily due to their roles in spatial electric field distribution and charge migration mechanisms. Current spatial distribution analyses rely on computational methods that lack empirical validation, particularly for oil-pressboard/paper composites. This study leverages the principles of the Kerr electro-optic effect to develop a rapid measurement platform for electric fields within oil-pressboard/paper insulation under impulse voltage conditions, which measures the spatial electric field characteristics using Cu-Cu and Al-Al electrodes under various scenarios: with asymmetric and symmetric pressboard coverage and different numbers of insulating paper layers. Findings indicated: (1) In asymmetric pressboard models, Cu-Cu electrodes exhibit a consistent peak electric field of approximately 16 kV/mm, while Al-Al electrodes show peak values of 18.13 kV/mm and −14.98 kV/mm. Charge density patterns are similar, with Cu-Cu at about 68 μC/m2 and Al-Al at 11.2 μC/m2 and −124.8 μC/m2. (2) Symmetric models present consistent peak electric fields and charge densities for both polarities. (3) Increasing insulating paper layers elevates electric field strengths. Both electrodes show the similar peak field of about 17 kV/mm with differing paper layers due to higher charge injection from the Al electrode. (4) Utilizing the Schottky effect and field emission principles, the study clarifies charge generation and migration mechanisms. These insights could provide a theoretical foundation for designing and verifying oil-pressboard/paper insulation structures in transformers.

Systematic management of corporate safety risks in industrial parks has become a hot topic. And risk prevention and control mutual aid is a brand-new model in the risk and emergency management of the park. In the context of blockchain, how to incentivize enterprises to actively invest in safety risk prevention and control mutual aid has become a series of key issues facing government regulators. This paper innovatively combines Prospect Theory, Mental Accounting, and Evolutionary Game Theory to create a hypothetical model of limited rationality for the behavior of key stakeholders (core enterprises, supporting enterprises, and government regulatory departments) in mutual aid for safety risk prevention and control. Under the static prize punishment mechanism and dynamic punishment mechanism, the evolutionary stabilization strategy of stakeholders was analyzed, and numerical simulation analysis was performed through examples. The results show: (1) Mutual aid for risk prevention and control among park enterprises is influenced by various factors, including external and subjective elements, and evolves through complex evolutionary paths (e.g., reference points, value perception). (2) Government departments are increasingly implementing dynamic reward and punishment measures to address the shortcomings of static mechanisms. Government departments should dynamically adjust reward and punishment strategies, determine clearly the highest standards for rewards and punishments, and the combination of various incentives and penalties can significantly improve the effectiveness of investment decisions in mutual aid for safety risk prevention and control. (3) Continuously optimizing the design of reward and punishment mechanisms, integrating blockchain technology with management strategies to motivate enterprise participation, and leveraging participant feedback are strategies and recommendations that provide new insights for promoting active enterprise investment in mutual aid for safety risk prevention and control. The marginal contribution of this paper is to reveal the evolutionary pattern of mutual safety risk prevention and control behaviors of enterprises in chemical parks in the context of blockchain.

The function of SLC7A11 in the process of ferroptosis is well-established, as it regulates the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), thereby influencing tumor development along with drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the determinants governing SLC7A11's membrane trafficking and localization remain unknown. Our study identified SPTBN2 as a ferroptosis suppressor, enhancing NSCLC cells resistance to ferroptosis inducers. Mechanistically, SPTBN2, through its CH domain, interacted with SLC7A11 and connected it with the motor protein Arp1, thus facilitating the membrane localization of SLC7A11 — a prerequisite for its role as System Xc−, which mediates cystine uptake and GSH synthesis. Consequently, SPTBN2 suppressed ferroptosis through preserving the functional activity of System Xc− on the membrane. Moreover, Inhibiting SPTBN2 increased the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to cisplatin through ferroptosis induction, both in vitro and in vivo. Using Abrine as a potential SPTBN2 inhibitor, its efficacy in promoting ferroptosis and sensitizing NSCLC cells to cisplatin was validated. Collectively, SPTBN2 is a potential therapeutic target for addressing ferroptosis dysfunction and cisplatin resistance in NSCLC.

Abstract Refractory diabetic wounds are associated with high incidence, mortality, and recurrence rates and are a devastating and rapidly growing clinical problem. However, treating these wounds is difficult owing to uncontrolled inflammatory microenvironments and defective angiogenesis in the affected areas, with no established effective treatment to the best of our knowledge. Herein, we optimized a dual functional therapeutic agent based on the assembly of LL‐37 peptides and diblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG–PPS). The incorporation of PEG–PPS enabled responsive or controlled LL‐37 peptide release in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS). LL‐37@PEG–PPS nanomicelles not only scavenged excessive ROS to improve the microenvironment for angiogenesis but also released LL‐37 peptides and protected them from degradation, thereby robustly increasing angiogenesis. Diabetic wounds treated with LL‐37@PEG–PPS exhibited accelerated and high‐quality wound healing in vivo. This study shows that LL‐37@PEG–PPS can restore beneficial angiogenesis in the wound microenvironment by continuously providing angiogenesis‐promoting signals. Thus, it may be a promising drug for improving chronic refractory wound healing.

Abstract Purpose To investigate prognostic values of prostatic urethra involvement (PUI) and construct a prognostic model that estimates the probability of cancer-specific survival for T1 bladder cancer patients. Method and materials We investigated the national Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2004–2015) to get patients diagnosed with T1 bladder cancer. An external validation cohort was obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. The Kaplan–Meier method with the log-rank test was applied to assess cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Moreover, the propensity score matching (PSM) and multivariable Cox proportional hazard model were performed. All patients were randomly divided into the development cohort and validation group at the ratio of 7:3. The performance of the model was internally validated by calibration curves and the concordance index (C-index). Results The PUI group had a lower survival rate of both CSS and overall survival OS before and after PSM when compared to non-involved patients (All P

Abstract Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common and life-threatening digestive disorder. However, its diagnosis and treatment are still impeded by our limited understanding of its etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations, as well as by the available detection methods. Fortunately, the progress of microenvironment-targeted nanoplatforms has shown their remarkable potential to change the status quo. The pancreatic inflammatory microenvironment is typically characterized by low pH, abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enzymes, overproduction of inflammatory cells, and hypoxia, which exacerbate the pathological development of AP but also provide potential targeting sites for nanoagents to achieve early diagnosis and treatment. This review elaborates the various potential targets of the inflammatory microenvironment of AP and summarizes in detail the prospects for the development and application of functional nanomaterials for specific targets. Additionally, it presents the challenges and future trends to develop multifunctional targeted nanomaterials for the early diagnosis and effective treatment of AP, providing a valuable reference for future research. Graphical Abstract

High-entropy oxides (HEOs) have received significant attention because of their tunable mechanical properties and wide range of functional applications. However, the conventional method used for sintering HEOs requires prolonged processing time, which results in excessive grain growth, thereby compromising their performance. Here, an ultrafast high-temperature sintering (UHS) strategy was adopted, and rock-salt composite (Mg0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2)O was selected as model materials. Experimental parameters were tuned to illustrate the influence of applied current and soaking time on the densification process and resulting grain size. Additionally, the electrochemical performance of UHS-synthesized microparticles as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries was investigated. The results show that the ultrafast heating rate results in fine grains with a diameter of ~6–8 μm and density of 95%, which are much smaller and similar to those obtained using the conventional sintering method (25 μm and 96%). Moreover, the high surface area and reactivity of the microparticles, as well as their sluggish diffusion effect and structural stability, contribute to outstanding performance with high capacity (336 mA·h/g at 1 A/g) and ultralong cyclability (1000 cycles). This novel technique offers valuable insights into the densification process of HEOs and other materials and can thus broaden their application range.

Abstract Interlayer decoupling plays an essential role in realizing unprecedented properties in atomically thin materials, but it remains relatively unexplored in the bulk. It is unclear how to realize a large crystal that behaves as its monolayer counterpart by artificial manipulation. Here, we construct a superlattice consisting of alternating layers of NbSe2 and highly porous hydroxide, as a proof of principle for realizing interlayer decoupling in bulk materials. In (NaOH)0.5NbSe2, the electric decoupling is manifested by an ideal 1D insulating state along the interlayer direction. Vibration decoupling is demonstrated through the absence of interlayer models in the Raman spectrum, dominant local modes in heat capacity, low interlayer coupling energy and out-of-plane thermal conductivity (0.28 W/mK at RT) that are reduced to a few percent of NbSe2’s. Consequently, a drastic enhancement of CDW transition temperature (>110 K) and Pauling-breaking 2D superconductivity is observed, suggesting that the bulk crystal behaves similarly to an exfoliated NbSe2 monolayer. Our findings provide a route to achieve intrinsic 2D properties on a large-scale without exfoliation.

Abstract Supernormal enrichment of cadmium in sphalerite is frequently observed in some sedimentary-hosted zinc-lead deposits, although related fluid process remains unconstrained. At the Jinding Mississippi Valley-type deposit, a considerable portion of cadmium has been remobilized from early sphalerite through coupled dissolution-reprecipitation reaction to form high-grade ores. Here we report natural occurrence of various sulfide nanoparticles and related textures in sphalerite that help document this process. A nanoscale study by transmission electron microscopy provides a rare glimpse of phase transition of cadmium from lattice-bond impurity, composition anomaly along planar defects, aggregates of hexagonal cadmium sulfide nanoparticles, to crystalline greenockite inclusions. Such a process may be mediated by oxidative dissolution on early-formed cadmiferous sphalerite during injection of cadmium-rich oxidative acidic fluids. This study provides an alternative mechanism versus exclusively solid-state diffusion for dispersed elements’ redistribution in hydrothermal ore deposits. It also sheds light on artificial synthesis of II-VI semiconductor nanomaterials by similar methods.

Abstract Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and the most common type is lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). LUAD is frequently diagnosed in people who never smoked, patients are always diagnosed at advanced inoperable stages, and the prognosis is ultimately poor. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of novel targeted therapeutics to suppress LUAD progression. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of DNA replication and sister chromatid cohesion 1 (DSCC1) was higher in LUAD samples than normal tissues, and the overexpression of DSCC1 or its coexpressed genes were highly correlated with poor outcomes of LUAD patients, highlighting DSCC1 might be involved in LUAD progression. Furthermore, the expression of DSCC1 was positively correlated with multiple genetic mutations which drive cancer development, including TP53, TTN, CSMD, and etc. More importantly, DSCC1 could promote the cell proliferation, stemness, EMT, and metastatic potential of LUAD cells. In addition, DSCC1 interacted with HSP90AB1 and promoted the progression of LUAD via regulating ER stress. Meanwhile, DSCC1 expression negatively correlated with immune cell infiltration in lung cancer, and DSCC1 positively regulated the expression of PD-L1 in LUAD cells. Collectively, this study revealed that DSCC1 is a novel therapeutic target to treat LUAD and a biomarker for predicting the efficiency of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade treatment.

Abstract Excitons, which represent a type of quasi-particles consisting of electron-hole pairs bound by the mutual Coulomb interaction, are often observed in lowly-doped semiconductors or insulators. However, realizing excitons in semiconductors or insulators with high charge-carrier densities is challenging. Here, we perform infrared spectroscopy, electrical transport, ab initio calculations, and angle-resolved-photoemission spectroscopy study of the van der Waals degenerate-semiconductor Bi4O4SeCl2. A peak-like feature (α peak) is present around ~125 meV in the optical conductivity spectra at low temperature T = 8 K and room temperature. After being excluded from the optical excitations of free carriers, interband transitions, localized states and polarons, the α peak is assigned as an exciton absorption. Assuming the existence of weakly-bound Wannier-type excitons in this material violates the Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation. Moreover, the exciton binding energy of ~375 meV, which is about an order of magnitude larger than those of conventional semiconductors, and the charge-carrier concentration of ~1.25 × 1019 cm−3, which is higher than the Mott density, further indicate that the excitons in this highly-doped system should be tightly bound. Our results pave the way for developing optoelectronic devices based on tightly bound and room-temperature-stable excitons in highly-doped van der Waals degenerate semiconductors.

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in serious economic and health burdens. Current treatments remain inadequate to extinguish the epidemic, and efficient therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 are urgently being sought. Interestingly, accumulating evidence suggests that microenvironmental disorder plays an important role in the progression of COVID-19 in patients. In addition, recent advances in nanomaterial technologies provide promising opportunities for alleviating the altered homeostasis induced by a viral infection, providing new insight into COVID-19 treatment. Most literature reviews focus only on certain aspects of microenvironment alterations and fail to provide a comprehensive overview of the changes in homeostasis in COVID-19 patients. To fill this gap, this review systematically discusses alterations of homeostasis in COVID-19 patients and potential mechanisms. Next, advances in nanotechnology-based strategies for promoting homeostasis restoration are summarized. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of using nanomaterials for COVID-19 management. This review provides a new strategy and insights into treating COVID-19 and other diseases associated with microenvironment disorders.

A study of the mealybug genus Planococcus Ferris, 1950 (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Pseudococcidae) known from China is presented and 12 species are recognised. Of these, Planococcus camelliae Zhang, sp. nov. is described as new to science based on the morphology of the adult female, and P. bambusifolii (Takahashi, 1951) is recorded from China for the first time. Molecular analyses based on the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of the new species and a key to species of the genus Planococcus in China are also given.

Socioeconomic development induced nonpoint source (NPS) pollution has aroused an increasing concern, however, most of the previous studies were concentrated on the impacts of environmental determinants. Here, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations from 13 sampling sites were collected biweekly from January 2018 to October 2021, and 26 potential factors including environmental and socioeconomic were considered in the Wangjiaqiao watershed of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. Impacts of these factors on TN and TP were evaluated by partial least squares regression (PLSR) model. It showed that average TN and TP concentrations in wet seasons (TN,14.68 mg L−1; TP, 0.113 mg L−1) were higher than that in dry seasons (TN, 11.73 mg L−1; TP, 0.087 mg L−1). Additionally, the TN concentrations were greater in downstream than upstream, however, the highest TP concentrations were found in the middle of the watershed. The optimal PLSR model explained 69.6%, 73.1% and 66.1% of the variance in TN concentration, as well as 65.7%, 79.5% and 67.4% of the variance in TP concentration during the annual, dry and wet seasons, respectively. Moreover, TN was primarily influenced by topographic wetness index, planting structure, interspersion and juxtaposition index, orchard proportion, nitrogen fertilization, per capita income, and catchment area, whereas TP was mainly controlled by slope gradient, topographic wetness index, hypsometric integral, interspersion and juxtaposition index, and population density. Collectively, environmental factors had greater impacts on the TN and TP concentrations than socioeconomic factors. Raising farmers' awareness of the hazards of NPS pollution is beneficial to watershed NPS pollution control.

To investigate the influence of moisture on the exothermic properties of coal oxidation, this study investigated the variation in thermal effect and radical parameters in the oxidation process of coal under different moisture content. This was achieved through thermogravimetric–differential thermal experiments and electron spin resonance experiments. Additionally, the study analyzed the impact of free radicals on the characteristics of the thermal effect of coal at different oxidation stages using the product–moment correlation method. The results indicate that the moisture content of 8% is a critical point for promoting or inhibiting the oxidation reaction of coal. Below this threshold, it promotes the oxidation reaction, while above it, it plays an inhibitory role. The most significant promotional effect was observed at 8% moisture content, which increased both the weight loss and heat release by 8.61% and 1567.04 J/g, respectively, while also significantly enhancing free radical species and complexity. Conversely, when the moisture content of coal reached 20%, there was a notable inhibition effect, with a reduced weight loss and exothermic capacity by 4.94% and 2705.03 J/g, respectively, along with decreased free radical species and complexity. The free radical species and heat effect parameters in coal showed a strong correlation at all stages of low-temperature oxidation, thus indicating that g-factor can characterize the coal oxidation process to some extent.

In order to study the effects of combined application of compound fertilizer and branch fertilizer on the growth and yield of machine-transplanted rice, four hybrid rice varieties were used as experimental materials, and four fertilization treatments were set up by completely random design: compound fertilizer (T0), compound fertilizer + conventional branch fertilizer (T1), compound fertilizer + (branch fertilizer − 20%) (T2), compound fertilizer + (branch fertilizer + 20%) (T3). The results showed that the branch fertilizer could effectively promote the early growth and rapid development of tillers, and increase the agronomic traits such as chlorophyll content, LAI and dry matter accumulation. Among the four varieties, the yield of the V4 variety was the highest under T3 treatment, which was 11,471.15 kg·hm−2, which was 37.34% higher than that of the control, and the yield increase effect was the most significant. The correlations showed that dry matter accumulation and LAI were significantly or highly significantly positively correlated with the number of effective spikes and yield, and the number of effective spikes was highly significantly positively correlated with the yield. In general, the application of pitchfork fertiliser increased the effective number of spikes and the number of grains per spike of each variety to different degrees, which effectively promoted the improvement of the rice yield.