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Although the gut microbial metabolites exhibit potential effects on coronary heart disease (CHD), the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the active gut microbial metabolites acting on CHD and their potential mechanisms of action were explored through a network pharmacological approach. We collected a total of 208 metabolites from the gutMgene database and 726 overlapping targets from the similarity ensemble approach (SEA) and SwissTargetPrediction (STP) database, and ultimately identified 610 targets relevant to CHD. In conjunction with the gutMGene database, we identified 12 key targets. The targets of exogenous substances were removed, and 10 core targets involved in CHD were eventually retained. The microbiota–metabolites–targets–signalling pathways network analysis revealed that C-type lectin receptor signalling pathway, Lachnospiraceae, Escherichia, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase 2, phenylacetylglutamine and alcoholic acid are notable components of CHD and play important roles in the development of CHD. The results of molecular docking experiments demonstrated that AKT1-glycocholic acid and PTGS2-phenylacetylglutamine complexes may act on C-type lectin receptor signalling pathways. In this study, the key substances and potential mechanisms of gut microbial metabolites were analysed via network pharmacological methods, and a scientific basis and comprehensive idea were provided for the effects of gut microbial metabolites on CHD.

Detection and counting of abalones is one of key technologies of abalones breeding density estimation. The abalones in the breeding stage are small in size, densely distributed, and occluded between individuals, so the existing object detection algorithms have low precision for detecting the abalones in the breeding stage. To solve this problem, a detection and counting method of juvenile abalones based on improved SSD network is proposed in this research. The innovation points of this method are: Firstly, the multi-layer feature dynamic fusion method is proposed to obtain more color and texture information and improve detection precision of juvenile abalones with small size; secondly, the multi-scale attention feature extraction method is proposed to highlight shape and edge feature information of juvenile abalones and increase detection precision of juvenile abalones with dense distribution and individual coverage; finally, the loss feedback training method is used to increase the diversity of data and the pixels of juvenile abalones in the images to get the even higher detection precision of juvenile abalones with small size. The experimental results show that the AP@0.5 value, AP@0.7 value and AP@0.75 value of the detection results of the proposed method are 91.14%, 89.90% and 80.14%, respectively. The precision and recall rates of the counting results are 99.59% and 97.74%, respectively, which are superior to the counting results of SSD, FSSD, MutualGuide, EfficientDet and VarifocalNet models. The proposed method can provide support for real-time monitoring of aquaculture density for juvenile abalones.

BackgroundCoptis deltoidea C.Y. Cheng et Hsiao (CD), commonly used in the treatment of heat-toxin congestion and excessiveness. However, CD needs to be processed with wine for alleviating the bitter and cold of CD, meanwhile, reducing the gastrointestinal damage. The research assessed the discrepant effects of CD on gastrointestinal system before and after processing with wine, and explore the potential mechanisms.MethodsThe ingredients in CD and CD processed with wine (PCD) were performed on Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The mice were treated with CD and PCD once a day for 6 weeks (0.65 and 2.6 g/kg, i.g.). The pathological changes of gastrointestinal tract were evaluated, and the serum inflammatory factors and Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) RelA (p65) protein of tissues were determined. The short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of feces were analyzed by UPLC-MS, the gut microbiota (GM) changes were performed on 16 S rRNA sequencing.ResultsIngredients analysis declared that the alkaloids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoid compounds were the main metabolites in CD and PCD. CD reduced body weight and food intake, and the effect of CD on fecal water content increased first and then decreased with the prolongation of administration time, while its effect on intestinal transport time was exactly the opposite, reduced the SCFAs contents of feces. CD caused different degree of damage to the gastrointestinal tract, and the effect on the small intestine and colon was more obvious, which increased the expression of NF-κB p65 and elevated the inflammatory factors levels. PCD were weaker than that of CD. In addition, CD and PCD can change the composition of GM, and reduced the levels of Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, Ruminococcus, and norank_f_S24-7, increased the levels of Akkermansia, Dorea, Bacteroides, and Blautia at the genus level. However, PCD induced a milder effect of GM dysregulation than that of CD.ConclusionCD can cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract, which may be related to the GM disorders, SCFAs changes-mediated by GM, abnormal NF-κB p65 expression and increased inflammatory factors levels, interestingly, PCD had a lower effect than CD, which may be related to the differences in the types and contents of ingredients in CD after processing. And this study provided data support for the mechanism of processing with wine to alleviate “bitter-cold injury the stomach” of CD.

Abstract Background The traditional surgical procedures for upper lumbar disc herniation (ULDH) usually lead to frequent complications. We aim to investigate the clinical efficacy of the unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) technique in treating upper lumbar disc herniation (ULDH). Methods From January 2020 to December 2021, the clinical data of 28 patients with ULDH treated with the UBE technique were collected and analyzed for surgery time under UBE, postsurgical drainage, postsurgical hospital stay, and complications. The clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the modified MacNab score, Oswestry disability index (ODI), and visual analogue scale (VAS) of low back pain and lower limb pain before the surgery; one week, one month, and three months after the surgery; and at the last follow-up. Results All patients underwent the UBE surgery successfully. The surgery time under UBE for non-fusion cases was 47.50 ± 11.84 min (monosegment) and 75.00 ± 20.66 min (two segments), while that for fusion cases was 77.50 ± 21.02 min. The postsurgical drainage for non-fusion cases was 25.00 ± 13.94 mL (monosegment) and 38.00 ± 11.83 mL (two segments), while that for fusion cases was 71.25 ± 31.72 mL. The postsurgical hospital stay was 8.28 ± 4.22 days. The follow-up time was 15.82 ± 4.54 months. The VAS score for each time period after the surgery was significantly lower (P

Chimonobambusa pleiacantha, a newly-identified species of the genus Chimonobambusa Makino from southeast Sichuan, China, is meticulously described and illustrated herein. It is morphologically similar to Ch. tuberculata, but differs in having 4-angled internodes, thicker wall to 4.5–8.5 mm, more reclinate and elongated root thorns to 5–8 mm long, culm internodes with three grooves and two longitudinal ridges on the branch-bearing side, persistent culm leaves, densely brown-purple setose at the bottom of culm leaf sheaths together with sheath scar, developed foliage leaf fimbriae, 6–8 on each shoulder, ca. 3–8 mm long, abaxially white pubescent foliage leaf blades. Phenologically, new shoots usually appear in September to October. In the light of these key morphological and phenological characteristics, Ch. pleiacantha was identified as a new species of the genus Ch. Makino which is different from published species of this genus.

Abstract The development of closed-loop recycling polymers that exhibit excellent performance is of great significance. Sulfur-rich polymers possessing excellent optical, thermal, and mechanical properties are promising candidates for chemical recycling but lack efficient synthetic strategies for achieving diverse structures. Herein, we report a universal synthetic strategy for producing polytrithiocarbonates, a class of sulfur-rich polymers, via the polycondensation of dithiols and dimethyl trithiocarbonate. This strategy has excellent compatibility with a wide range of monomers, including aliphatic, heteroatomic, and aromatic dithiols enabling the synthesis of polytrithiocarbonates with diverse structures. The present synthesis strategy offers a versatile platform for the construction of thermoplastics, elastomers, and vitrimers. Notably, these polytrithiocarbonates can be easily depolymerized via solvolysis into the corresponding monomers, which can be repolymerized to virgin polymers without changing the material properties.

Abstract Ultrashort pulses, characterized by their short pulse duration, diverse spectral content, and high peak power, are widely used in fields including laser processing, optical storage, biomedical sciences, and laser imaging. The complex, highly-nonlinear process of ultrashort pulse evolution within fiber lasers is influenced by numerous aspects such as dispersion, loss, gain, and nonlinear effects. Traditionally, the split-step Fourier transforms method is employed for simulating ultrashort pulses in fiber lasers, which involves traversing multiple parameters within the fiber to attain the pulse’s optimal state. The simulation is a significantly time-consuming process. Here, we use a neural network model to fit and predict the impact of multiple parameters on the pulse characteristics within fiber lasers, enabling parameter optimization through genetic algorithms to determine the optimal pulse duration, pulse energy, and peak power. Integrating artificial intelligence algorithms simplifies the acquisition of optimal pulse parameters and enhances our understanding of multiple parameters’ impact on the pulse characteristics. The investigation of ultrashort pulse optimization based on artificial intelligence holds immense potential for laser design.

Abstract Wound infections pose a major healthcare issue, affecting the well‐being of millions of patients worldwide. Effective intervention and on‐site detection are important in wound management. However, current approaches are hindered by time‐consuming analysis and a lack of technology for real‐time monitoring and prompt therapy delivery. In this study, a smart wound patch system (SWPS) designed for wireless closed‐loop and in‐situ wound management is presented. The SWPS integrates a microfluidic structure, an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) based sensor, an electrical stimulation module, and a miniaturized flexible printed circuit board (FPCB). The OECT incorporates a bacteria‐responsive DNA hydrogel‐coated gate for continuous monitoring of bacterial virulence at wound sites. Real‐time detection of OECT readings and on‐demand delivery of electrical cues to accelerate wound healing is facilitated by a mobile phone application linked with an FPCB containing low‐power electronics equipped with parallel sensing and stimulation circuitry. In this proof‐of‐concept study, the functionality of the SWPS is validated and its application both in vitro and in vivo is demonstrated. This proposed system expands the arsenal of tools available for effective wound management and enables personalized treatment.

BackgroundThere is a link between cardiovascular diseases and intestinal permeability, but it is not clear. This review aimed to elucidate intestinal permeability in cardiovascular diseases by meta-analysis.MethodsMultidisciplinary electronic databases were searched from the database creation to April 2023. All included studies were assessed for risk of bias according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. The heterogeneity of each study was estimated using the I2 statistic, and the data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 16.0.ResultsIn total, studies in 13 pieces of literature were included in the quantitative meta-analysis. These studies were conducted among 1,321 subjects mostly older than 48. Patients had higher levels of intestinal permeability markers (lipopolysaccharide, d-lactate, zonulin, serum diamine oxidase, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, intestinal fatty acid binding protein, and melibiose/rhamnose) than controls (standard mean difference SMD = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.31–1.88; p

Chimonobambusa farcta, a new species of temperate woody bamboos from western Guangxi, China is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to C. pubescens in the solid internodes of culms, but differs in having taller culm to 7 m with longer verrucose internodes to 23.5 cm and intranodes to 4 mm, intranode usually with a ring of 7–9 root thorns below mid-culm, abaxially brown or brown-purple verrucose-setose culm leaf sheaths with indistinct transverse veins, conspicuously developed culm leaf blades to 3.2 cm long, longer foliage leaf sheaths to 5.2 cm, larger and broader foliage leaf blades to 22 × 1.4 cm. It also somewhat resembles C. convoluta, but can be easily distinguished by having solid internodes and longer intranode 2–4 mm, very prominent nodes with supranodal ridge obviously more elevated than sheath scar, usually persistent and sometimes brownish striate culm leaf sheaths, longer culm leaf blades to 3.2 cm, and abaxially glabrous foliage leaf sheaths. Based on the morphological characteristics, this new species is assigned to C. sect. Chimonobambusa. The character description of C. pubescens are revised for its culm to 2.1 m tall, 1.1 cm in diameter and glabrous foliage leaf blades. The systematic position of C. luzhiensis is discussed, and this species is proposed as a member of C. sect. Chimonobambusa.

Abstract To evaluate the safety and efficacy of low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) therapy in facilitating fundus descent and relieving postpartum breast pain compared with sham treatment. A multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled, blinded trial was conducted. A cohort of 176 eligible participants, who had normal prenatal check-ups and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were recruited from three medical centres and subsequently randomized into either the LIFU or sham group. All participants received three treatment sessions, wherein LIFU signal was applied to the uterus and breast sites using coupling gel, with the absence of ultrasound signal output in the sham group. Fundal height measurement and breast pain score were performed after each treatment. The primary outcome, uterine involution, was presented by measuring the fundal height of the uterus. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, as a secondary outcome, was used to assess breast pain and determine the correlation between breast pain and fundal height as the outcome simultaneously. All participants were randomly assigned to either the LIFU group (n = 88) or sham group (n = 88), with seven individuals not completing the treatment. Overall, a statistically significant difference was noted in the rate and index of fundus descent after each treatment. The rate and index of fundus descent showed greater significance following the second treatment (rate: 1.5 (1.0, 2.0) cm/d; index: 0.15 (0.1, 0.18), P

Recent research has demonstrated that global warming significantly enhances peak vegetation growth on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), underscoring the influence of climatic factors on vegetation dynamics. Nevertheless, the effects of different drought types on peak vegetation growth remain underexplored. This study utilized satellite-derived gross primary productivity (GPP) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to assess the impacts of soil moisture (SM) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on peak vegetation growth (GPPmax and NDVImax) across the TP from 2001 to 2022. Our findings indicate that NDVImax and GPPmax exhibited increasing trends in most regions, displaying similar spatial patterns, with 65.28% of pixels showing an increase in NDVImax and 72.98% in GPPmax. In contrast, the trend for SM primarily showed a decrease (80.86%), while VPD showed an increasing trend (74.75%). Through partial correlation analysis and ridge regression, we found that peak vegetation growth was significantly affected by SM or VPD in nearly 20% of the study areas, although the magnitude of these effects varied considerably. Furthermore, we revealed that hydrothermal conditions modulated the responses of peak vegetation growth to SM and VPD. In regions with annual precipitation less than 650 mm and an annual mean temperature below 10 °C, decreased SM and increased VPD generally inhibited peak vegetation growth. Conversely, in warm and humid areas, lower SM and higher VPD promoted peak vegetation growth. These findings are crucial for deepening our understanding of vegetation phenology and its future responses to climate change.

Introduction: It is known that patients with immune-abnormal co-pregnancies are at a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Traditional pregnancy risk management systems have poor prediction abilities for adverse pregnancy outcomes in such patients, with many limitations in clinical application. In this study, we will use machine learning to screen high-risk factors for miscarriage and develop a miscarriage risk prediction model for patients with immune-abnormal pregnancies. This model aims to provide an adjunctive tool for the clinical identification of patients at high risk of miscarriage and to allow for active intervention to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods: Patients with immune-abnormal pregnancies attending Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital were collected through electronic medical records (EMR). The data were divided into a training set and a test set in an 8:2 ratio. Comparisons were made to evaluate the performance of traditional pregnancy risk assessment tools for clinical applications. This analysis involved assessing the cost-benefit of clinical treatment, evaluating the model's performance, and determining its economic value. Data sampling methods, feature screening, and machine learning algorithms were utilized to develop predictive models. These models were internally validated using 10-fold cross-validation for the training set and externally validated using bootstrapping for the test set. Model performance was assessed by the area under the characteristic curve (AUC). Based on the best parameters, a predictive model for miscarriage risk was developed, and the SHapley additive expansion (SHAP) method was used to assess the best model feature contribution.Results: A total of 565 patients were included in this study on machine learning-based models for predicting the risk of miscarriage in patients with immune-abnormal pregnancies. Twenty-eight risk warning models were developed, and the predictive model constructed using XGBoost demonstrated the best performance with an AUC of 0.9209. The SHAP analysis of the best model highlighted the total number of medications, as well as the use of aspirin and low molecular weight heparin, as significant influencing factors. The implementation of the pregnancy risk scoring rules resulted in accuracy, precision, and F1 scores of 0.3009, 0.1663, and 0.2852, respectively. The economic evaluation showed a saving of ¥7,485,865.7 due to the model.Conclusion: The predictive model developed in this study performed well in estimating the risk of miscarriage in patients with immune-abnormal pregnancies. The findings of the model interpretation identified the total number of medications and the use of other medications during pregnancy as key factors in the early warning model for miscarriage risk. This provides an important basis for early risk assessment and intervention in immune-abnormal pregnancies. The predictive model developed in this study demonstrated better risk prediction performance than the Pregnancy Risk Management System (PRMS) and also demonstrated economic value. Therefore, miscarriage risk prediction in patients with immune-abnormal pregnancies may be the most cost-effective management method.

As a well-known classical Chinese medicine prescription, Shengxian Decoction (SXD) has been applied for a century to treat cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary heart disease (CHD), but the potentially effective compounds and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. With ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) and network pharmacology analysis, the potential effective compounds of SXD and their pharmacological mechanisms against CHD were identified and revealed. 57 effective compounds with favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics and biological activities were screened through UPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis, database and literature mining, interacting with 96 CHD-related targets to support potential synergistic therapeutic actions. Systematic analysis of the PPI network and microarray data further revealed six core targets, including TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, TP53, VEGFA and PTGS2, which were mainly involved in fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, lipid and atherosclerosis, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway et al. Moreover, the proposed contribution indexes of effective compounds indicated these compounds, including isoferulic acid, quercetin, calycosin, ferulic acid, kaempferol, calycosin 7-O-glycoside, formononetin, astragaloside IV and saikosaponin D, as the core compounds of SXD. The molecular docking results confirmed that those core compound-target pairs exhibited strong binding energy. Furthermore, we validated that SXD significantly alleviated myocardial tissue injury in CHD rats and reversed H/R-induced decreases in H9c2 cell viability by attenuating the production of TNF, IL-6 and IL-1β, and reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis via down-regulating the TP53, caspase3 and cytochrome C mRNA expression levels as well as caspase3, caspase9 and cytochrome C protein expression levels according to RT-qPCR and Western blot results. Our findings explained the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of SXD in the treatment of CHD, and laid a foundation for future basic and clinical research of SXD.

The synthesis of glycols from the CO2-assisted hydration of epoxides is highly significant in terms of both CO2 utilization and the production of fine chemicals. Significant effort has been devoted to designing effective catalysts. However, the gas–liquid mass transfer of this process, which is critical for the efficiency of the transformation, has received less attention. In this study, propylene glycol (PG) was synthesized with high efficiency through the CO2-assisted hydration of propylene oxide (PO) using a jet loop reactor (JLR). A systemic investigation of the influence of the reaction conditions was carried out with respect to reaction temperature, CO2 pressure, and catalyst concentration. Under optimal reaction conditions, the CO2-assisted hydration of PO proceeded efficiently with a low H2O:PO molar ratio of 1:1, producing PG with a high selectivity of 99% and full conversion of PO. Notably, the JLR exhibited higher efficiency and product selectivity than a stirred-tank reactor, demonstrating its superior advantage in facilitating gas–liquid mass transfer.

BackgroundShort-term poor uterine involution manifests as uterine contraction weakness. This is one of the important causes of postpartum hemorrhage, posing a serious threat to the mother's life and safety. The study aims to investigate whether low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFUS) can effectively shorten lochia duration, alleviate postpartum complications, and accelerate uterine involution compared with the sham treatment.MethodsA multicenter, concealed, randomized, blinded, and sham-controlled clinical trial was conducted across three medical centers involving 176 subjects, utilizing a parallel group design. Enrollment occurred between October 2019 and September 2020, with a 42-day follow-up period. Participants meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria based on normal prenatal examinations were randomly divided into the LIFUS group or the sham operation group via computer-generated randomization. Patients in the LIFUS group received usual care with the LIFUS protocol, wherein a LIFUS signal was transmitted to the uterine site through coupling gel, or sham treatment, where no low-intensity ultrasound signal output was emitted. The primary outcome, lochia duration, was assessed via weekly telephonic follow-ups post-discharge. The involution of the uterus, measured by uterine fundus height, served as the secondary outcome.ResultsAmong the 256 subjects screened for eligibility, 176 subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the LIFUS group (n = 88) or the Sham group (n = 88). Data on the height of the uterine fundus were obtained from all the patients, with 696 out of 704 measurements (99%) successfully recorded. Overall, a statistically significant difference was noted in time to lochia termination (hazard ratio: 2.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.82-3.85; P < 0.001). The decline in fundal height exhibited notable discrepancies between the two groups following the second treatment session (mean difference: -1.74; 95% CI: -1.23 to -2.25; P < 0.001) and the third treatment session (mean difference: -3.26; 95% CI: -2.74 to -3.78; P < 0.001) after delivery. None of the subjects had any adverse reactions, such as skin damage or allergies during the treatment.ConclusionsThis study found that LIFUS treatment can promote uterine involution and abbreviate the duration of postpartum lochia. Ultrasound emerges as a safe and effective intervention, poised to address further clinical inquiries in the domain of postpartum rehabilitation.

Organic chemistry is the study of organic compounds containing hydrocarbons and their derivatives. It is similar to inorganic chemistry in terms of the cognitive model. However, the vast number of organic compounds has added to the difficulty in learning organic chemistry with compressed class hours in engineering majors. The integration of the process learning and reinforcement theories and organic chemistry content has led to a new notion, i.e., understanding and learning organic compounds with different functional groups in ionic reactions based on the acid-base theory. Thus, the organic chemistry content in the textbook was reorganized, and a three-stage teaching model including learning, learning transfer, and learning ability was designed. Comparative experimental results showed that the pedagogical scheme improved the learning efficiency of organic chemistry. In contrast, the learning process evaluation facilitated the learning acquisition transfer, innovative thinking development, and the high-quality growth of professional talent.

The high similarity of shellfish images and unbalanced samples are key factors affecting the accuracy of shellfish recognition. This study proposes a new shellfish recognition method FL_Net based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). We first establish the shellfish image (SI) dataset with 68 species and 93 574 images, and then propose a filter pruning and repairing model driven by an output entropy and orthogonality measurement for the recognition of shellfish with high similarity features to improve the feature expression ability of valid information. For the shellfish recognition with unbalanced samples, a hybrid loss function, including regularization term and focus loss term, is employed to reduce the weight of easily classified samples by controlling the shared weight of each sample species to the total loss. The experimental results show that the accuracy of shellfish recognition of the proposed method is 93.95%, 13.68% higher than the benchmark network (VGG16), and the accuracy of shellfish recognition is improved by 0.46%, 17.41%, 17.36%, 4.46%, 1.67%, and 1.03% respectively compared with AlexNet, GoogLeNet, ResNet50, SN_Net, MutualNet, and ResNeSt, which are used to verify the efficiency of the proposed method.

Abstract Accurate and reliable foot measurements at different stances offer comprehensive geometrical information on foot, thus enabling a more comfortable insole/footwear for practical use and daily activities. However, there lacks investigations on continuous deformation of foot shape during the roll-over process. This study analyses the foot deformation of 19 female diabetic patients during half weight bearing standing and self-selected walking speed by using a novel 4D foot scanning system. The scanning system has good repeatability and accuracy in both static and dynamic scanning situations. Point cloud registration for scanned image reorientation and algorithms to automatically extract foot measurements is developed. During the foot roll-over process, maximum deformation of length and girth dimensions are found at first toe contact. Width dimensions have maximum deformation at heel take off. The findings provide a new understanding of foot shape changes in dynamic situations, thus providing an optimal solution for foot comfort, function and protection.

As the most common histological subtype of primary lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) causes enormous cancer deaths worldwide. Radiotherapy has been frequently used in LUAD cases, and radiosensitivity is vital for LUAD therapy. This research sought to explore the genetic factors affecting radiosensitivity in LUAD and inner mechanisms. LINC00511, miR-497-5p, and SMAD3 expression in LUAD cells were detected via qRT-PCR and western blot. CCK-8 assays, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays were employed to explore the cell viability, apoptosis, and radiosensitivity in PC-9 and A549 cells. The targeting relationship between LINC00511, miR-497-5p, and SMAD3 was verified by dual luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, xenograft experiments were performed for the in vivo verification. In conclusion, LINC00511 was overexpressed in LUAD cells, which downregulated downstream miR-497-5p expression and mediately led to SMAD3 activation. LINC00511 downregulation suppressed cell viability while enhanced apoptosis rate in LUAD cells. Also, LINC00511 and SMAD3 were overexpressed, while miR-497-5p was downregulated in LUAD cells exposed to 4Gy irradiation treatment. Moreover, LINC00511 inhibition could block SMAD3 expression and promoted the radiosensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. These findings uncover LINC00511 knockdown promoted miR-497-5p expression and subsequently led to lower SMAD3 level, which enhanced radiosensitivity in LUAD cells. LINC00511/miR-497-5p/SMAD3 axis could be of considerable potential to enhance radiosensitivity in LUAD.

BackgroundPreeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder that always causes maternal and fetal serious adverse outcome. Disturbances in maternal immune tolerance to embryo at the maternal-fetal interface (MFI) may be associated with preeclampsia onset. Recent studies have revealed the reduced expression pattern of HLA-F at the MFI in preeclampsia, while the mechanism of it mediating maternal fetal immune tolerance has not been revealed.MethodsSingle-cell RNA sequencing on placental decidua was performed to reveal the immune disturbances landscape at the MFI in preeclampsia. Human Jar cells and NK-92MI cells were employed to study the role of HLA-F in trophoblasts and lymphocyte.ResultsA total of 101,250 cells were classified into 22 cell clusters. Disease-related IGFBP1+SPP1+ extracellular villus trophoblast (EVT) was identified in the preeclamptic placental decidua, accompanied by newly discovered immune cellular dysfunction such as reduced ribosomal functions of NK populations and abnormal expression of antigen-presenting molecules in most cell clusters. Certain genes that are characteristic of the intermediate stage of myeloid or EVT cell differentiation were found to have unexplored but important functions in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia; specifically, we detected enhanced cell cross-talk between IGFBP1+SPP1+ EVT2 or SPP1+M1 cells and their receptor cell populations at the MFI of PE patients compared to controls. With respect to HLA-F, mIF staining confirmed its reduced expression in PE samples compared to controls. Over-expression of HLA-F in Jar cells promoted cell proliferation, invasion, and migration while under-expression had the opposite effect. In NK-92MI cells, over-expression of HLA-F increased the secretion of immunoregulation cytokines such as CSF1 and CCL22, and promoted adaptive NKG2C+NK cell transformation.ConclusionsWe revealed the immune disturbance landscape at the MFI in preeclampsia. Our findings regarding cellular heterogeneity and immune cellular dysfunction, as revealed by scRNA-seq, and the function of HLA-F in cells provide new perspectives for further investigation of their roles in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, and then provide potential new therapeutic target.

A vertex set $ S $ of a graph $ G $ is called a double total dominating set if every vertex in $ G $ has at least two adjacent vertices in $ S $. The double total domination number $ \gamma_{\times 2, t}(G) $ of $ G $ is the minimum cardinality over all the double total dominating sets in $ G $. Let $ G \square H $ denote the Cartesian product of graphs $ G $ and $ H $. In this paper, the double total domination number of Cartesian product of paths is discussed. We determine the values of $ \gamma_{\times 2, t}(P_i\square P_n) $ for $ i = 2, 3 $, and give lower and upper bounds of $ \gamma_{\times 2, t}(P_i\square P_n) $ for $ i \geq 4 $.