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Osseointegration is a medical metal implant into the residual bone of an amputated limb. The prosthesis can be connected to this implant. Different prosthetic components were thoroughly assessed using a mix of experimental testing and simulation results. The prosthetic foot's outstanding mechanical qualities were revealed during tensile testing on composite materials made of carbon and glass fibers. The mechanical properties of these materials yield stress Ϭy =70MPa, ultimate tensile strength Ϭult =162 MPa, and Young's modulus =2 GPa. For osseointegrated prosthetic components, the implant material yield stress Ϭy =470MPa, ultimate tensile strength Ϭult =558 MPa, and Young's modulus =2.7 GPa, Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy, demonstrated excellent tensile and compression capabilities. Important information on both metallic and composite materials' durability under cyclic loads was obtained via fatigue testing. The numerical simulations were carried out utilizing the ANSYS 17.2 program. The analysis shows the safety factor for a prosthetic model with below knee osseointegration is 1.563. So that the Von-Mises stress and total deformation were acceptable. The integration of actual data, such as the results of tensile, compression, and fatigue tests, with numerical simulations, highlights the significance of materials and mechanical analysis in developing prosthetic technology, promising improved mobility and quality of life for amputees.

This study uses laminated composite materials made of hybrid glass and carbon fibers to determine the mechanical characteristics of the foot. Tensile, bending, and fatigue of composite material were evaluated and applied to the ANSYS model. The volume fraction for carbon and glass fibers was 22.5% and 10.04%, respectively. The mechanical property results: σy = 40 MPa, σult = 150 MPa, and E = 1.2 GPa. The patient is a 30-year-old male with a left amputation side, 1.60 meters tall, and weighs 74 kg. The analysis was carried out for the two scenarios (toe-off and heel contact) as boundary conditions. The overall deformation, equivalent stresses, and foot safety factor have been calculated using ANSYS17.2 software. In the end, it appears that the foot is secure based on equivalent stress calculations and the Von-Mises hypothesis. The computed safety factor for the foot is constructed of a chosen composite material with the subsequent layers. When the heel (stance phase) is fixed at 1.3449, and the metatarsal (toe off) is fixed at 1.259, the safety factor for a force of 860 N is reached. The foot is secure, according to the Von-Mises hypothesis.

One of the health issues that many people encounter on a daily basis is bone fracture, which can happen for a number of reasons, such as arthritis, sprains, or external trauma . The patient experiences instability as a result of these issues . Internal fixation is a type of surgery used to support and mend a damaged bone Treatment options include ankle joint fixation, a surgical procedure employing pins, plates, rods, or screws. This study uses gait analysis methods to assess lower limb biomechanics . Gait analysis is vital for understanding walking patterns and intervention effectiveness. The impact of different shoe designs on ankle mechanics, using the finite element method and ANSYS, is investigated The results of the EMG and the GRF were discussed. This research deepens our understanding of lower limb biomechanics and ankle joint health. By evaluating stress effects and designing custom shoes, it enhances ankle injury treatment and management strategies. The patient, a 70-year-old woman with an internal fixation on her ankle joint, underwent a CT scan of her ankle. The patient underwent a number of experiments to evaluate her stability. EMG was used to determine the muscle stress for a brief period of time, and ground reaction force was then used to determine the pressure of walking. Both EMG and GRF have two walking speeds of1.5and 2 km/h while wearing four different types of shoes. The behavior of the EMG demonstrates that the stress on the muscle increases as walking speed increases, and the results varies depending on the shoe. The patient is afraid to apply pressure to the injured foot, so the health foot has better pressure over the entire foot

Additionally, it has been demonstrated that osseointegrated implantation offers superior proprioception and control over the prosthesis, enabling more natural movement and improved functional results. Additionally, it lowers the chance of falling and increases energy transfer efficiency, making it simpler for amputees to engage in physical activity. Furthermore, as compared to conventional socket prosthesis attachment, osseointegrated implantation has been linked to higher patient satisfaction and quality of life. It is crucial to remember that osseointegration is a surgical operation with risks including infection and implant failure. Additionally, for effective implantation, it needs a specific amount and quality of bone, which may restrict its usage in some individuals. Furthermore, osseointegrated implantation could be more expensive than conventional socket prosthetics. Understanding the efficacy and safety of this method requires research on complication rates and outcome metrics in patients having osseointegrated prosthesis implantation. You may acquire information on things like infection rates, implant failure, patient satisfaction, and functional results by studying original research papers. Clinical decision-making can then be improved with the use of this information. In transfemoral amputees, osseointegration has showed promise as a powerful substitute for socket prostheses. A growing corpus of research has shown that osseointegrated implantation provides advantages in terms of increasing mobility, decreasing discomfort, and improving general quality of life. The efficiency of osseointegration for transtibial and upper extremity implants has received little attention. Minor soft tissue infections are the most frequent consequences, although they are manageable with the right treatment and monitoring. To further reduce the risk of problems and improve the overall success of osseointegrated implantation, research and development are ongoingly focused on enhancing surgical methods and implant design. Although osseointegration has a lot of potential, not all amputees may be good candidates for it. Considerations for osseointegrated implantation must take into consideration elements including the degree and nature of the amputation, the quality and density of the bone, and the desires of the patient.

This paper deals with calculate stresses in Knee-Ankle-Foot-Orthosis as a result of the effect vibration during gait cycle for patient wearing KAFO .Experimental part included measurement interface pressure between KAFO and leg due to action muscles and body weigh on Orthosis. also measurement acceleration result from motion of defected leg by accelerometer .Results of Experimental part used input in theoretical part so as to calculate stresses result from applying pressure and acceleration on KAFO by engineering analysis program ANSYS 14.Resultes show stresses values in upper KAFO greater than lower KAFO that is back to muscles more effective in thigh part lead to recoding pressure higher than pressure in shank part.

Using lower limb exoskeletons in healthcare sector like for rehabilitation is an important application. Lower limb exoskeletons can help in performing specific functions like gait assistance, and physical therapy support for patients who are lost their ability to walk again. Since active lower limb exoskeletons require more complicated control instrumentation and according to the limitations of the power/weight ratio that arises in such exoskeletons, many quasi-passive systems have developed and employed. This paper presents the design and testing of lightweight and adjustable two degree of freedom quasi-passive lower limb exoskeleton for improving gait rehabilitation. The exoskeleton consists of a high torque DC motor mounted on a metal plate above the hip joint, and a link that transmit assistance torque from the motor to the thigh. The knee joint is passively actuated with spring. The action of the passive component (spring) is combined with mechanical output of the motor to provide a good control on the designed exoskeleton during walking. The results show that muscles' efforts on both the front and the back sides of the user's leg were decreased when walking using the exoskeleton with the motor and spring.

The shot peening process is used mainly to harden the surface and increases the fatigue life of the rotating parts. This cold treatment will change the designed natural frequency of the part and change the vibration characteristics. Especially when these parts are driven by a high-speed velocity. This research investigates the behavior of the vibrations after a superficial treatment done by shot peening. An experimental test rig was manufactured, and different industrial applications and geometries have been tested and treated by the shot peening process. Three important commonly used industrial applications are selected to study and investigate its vibration characteristic after shot peening treatment namely connecting rod, crankshaft, and supercharger shaft for a (3Kv) generator. Vibration parameters such as acceleration velocity and displacement for specific time duration were recorded and analyzed also the natural frequency and first six mode shape. The fundamental increases after shot peening and the percentage of increase in natural frequency for the crankshaft, connecting rod, and supercharger shaft are (26%), (32%), and (20%) respectively where. For comparison reasons, different numerical finite element models for the connecting rod, crankshaft, and superchargers shaft are suggested and implemented in ANSYS 15. Good accuracy was achieved between numerical models and experimental measurements.

thetic socket, is due to its fiber strength and hardness, and low cost, but there are other more important things which must be considered than these specifications which are1the health1and safety. In this research fiberglass is replaced with monofilament fiber in order to be safe to on makers and users of this socket. In this paper two models of lamination manufacturing have been made and compared in terms of mechanical properties and fatigue life. The first is available and consists of: (4 perlon, 2 fiberglass and 4 perlon), The second is proposed lamination which consists of: (4 perlon, 1 cotton, 1 monofilament and 4 perlon). Simulations were conducted on the made socket made of two types of lamination by using ANSYS 14.5 to show the distribution of stresses, the amount of deformation and less safety factor for both cases. The results show an increase of 42% in the Young's modulus and a decrease in tensile stress and yield stress by 10.8% and 46% respectivel, As for the stress endurance it witnessed an increase of 140%.The simulation results show a decrease in the deformation by 40.7% and an increase in the minimum value of the safety factor of 0.323 to 1.05.

The aim of this study is to calculate the moisture expansion coefficient of the above-knee prosthetic socket lamination. Six laminations composite materials were used in manufacturing above knee prosthetic sockets using a vacuum device. The reinforced materials of these laminations were Perlon, Fiberglass, and Nanocarbon powder, while the matrix material was Polyurethane resin. The experimental work included a moisture absorption test to determine the time of absorption and calculate the percent moisture content and moisture expansion coefficient for these laminations. The humidity used in this study was (51, 75, 80, and 100 %). The results indicated that lamination (2perlon+2fiberglass+2perlon) has the highest value of moisture expansion coefficient, while lamination (5perlon+2fiberglass+5perlon) has the lowest value of moisture expansion coefficient.

The hard workers are usually suffering from big medical problems after working with vibrating equipment such as compressors and different types of drills. These and many relative problems give a big motivation to study, measure, and analyze the vibration. The data were resulting from the vibration of the power tools to the human hand of the user that is in touch with this vibrating equipment is considered one of the most interesting Biomechanical Engineering. This work studies the vibration frequency, displacement, and velocity acceleration that will be measured at different hand points. The examination was conducted on two workers (subjects) who are different in age, weight, and height. This investigation requires the design and manufacture of vibration measurement systems according to international standards ( ISO 28927-10).ANSYS 15 program was chosen in order to evaluate the numerical results and then compare them with experimental results. Different types were used of Anti-vibration gloves in order to reduce the vibration connecting to the hand-arm workers. The results show that values of acceleration and frequency are increased with the decreasing distance of the sensor point from the drill handle. When using the subject (1) as a grand foundation, the reduction in frequency and acceleration when wearing gloves, The reduction percentage in the metacarpal for the sponge handle is (34.4 %) while in the working gloves is (30.6 %), silicon gloves are (28.6 %), cloth gloves are (26.6 %), and leather gloves are (25.9 %)...

omfort, stability, weightiness, stiffness, flexibility, toughness and cost are the most important goals during which all researchers try to reach. In this work, the first challenge is to design and manufacture vibration measurement system which consists of a shaker ,cam, motors, speed varitor and accelerometer. This system is used to measure displacement ,velocity ,acceleration and frequency in amputation joint in the whole body in the selected eleven points with four speed motor (500,600,700 and 800 rpm).The amputee case study is of age, weight, length and the residual amputee limb of 28 years, 75kg, 175cm and 38 cm respectively. The amputee lost his lower limb due to a car accident since 2002.Results show that the value of acceleration and frequency increases when motor speed increases. While the acceleration and frequency decreases when accelerometer position from the shaking table increases . Moreover , the acceleration values for prosthetic limb will be more than of the healthy limb with percent of about (10.3,8.1,8.4,11.6,2.7,6.8)% for foot, ankle, leg, knee, thigh and hip respectively. While the acceleration values of artificial limb with liner are less than those of artificial limb without liner with (7.8,0.86,23.05,1.01,2.6 and 5.04)% for foot, ankle, leg, knee, thigh and hip, respectively .

Copyright of Journal of Engineering & Sustainable Development is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Osseointegration prostheses are a particular kind of prosthesis that is inserted surgically into an amputee's bone. These prostheses are made to connect the amputee's residual limb to the prosthesis in a way that feels more natural and sturdy, which can enhance the user's comfort, movement, and general quality of life. A short titanium rod or screw is surgically inserted into the bone of the amputee's remaining limb as a part of the osseointegration process. As the bone matures and integrates with the implant over time, a solid and reliable connection is made. The prosthetic limb is then joined to the implant, creating a stable and long-lasting connection. One of the main benefits of osseointegration prosthetics is their ability to lessen the discomfort and mobility restrictions that sometimes connected to conventional socket prosthetics. By relying on the residual limb's and the prosthetic socket's ability to fit together, socket prostheses run the risk of skin irritation or pressure ulcers. Since there is no longer a requirement for a socket, osseointegration prostheses fit more naturally and comfortably. However, because they need a specific level of bone density and healthy tissue in the residual limb, the osseointegration prosthesis is not appropriate for all amputees. The surgery is often more intrusive than the process for fitting conventional socket prostheses, and there is also a risk of infection or implant failure. Amputees should, as with any medical procedure, speak with their healthcare professional to ascertain whether osseointegration prostheses are a good fit for their particular needs and circumstances. The methods and design modifications employed in percutaneous implant systems for fastening artificial limbs to the skeleton are summarized in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study looked at a patient's gait when walking after above-knee amputation with osseointegration, examined a femoral bone model with an osseointegration implant using Ansys Workbench 17.2, and thoroughly evaluated the mechanical and fatigue properties of a Ti13Nb13Zr alloy implant. The findings of the tensile testing showed an ultimate tensile strength of 553 MPa, average yield strength of 480 MPa, an elongation of 19.66%, and a Young's modulus of 2.73 GPa. Furthermore, a compressive strength of 1010 MPa and compression yield strength of 700 MPa were found by compression testing. The results of fatigue testing, which were displayed as S-N curves, highlighted the alloy's time-dependent fatigue behavior by showing decreasing fatigue strength with an increase in cycles. Force plate data obtained throughout the gait cycle provided insights into the moments and ground response pressures on the implant's abutment, helping to assess implant loading patterns. A maximum force of 600 N was reported. The optimal performance seems to occur when L = 120 mm and D = 3 mm occur. In this case, the results show low stress levels (41.66 MPa), a high safety factor (6.01), and the least amount of total deformation (2.57 mm). If these values meet the design or usage requirements, this scenario might be considered good. Finally, the comprehensive results confirm the mechanical feasibility of the Ti13Nb13Zr alloy for prosthetic applications and offer important new information for improving prosthetic design, guaranteeing durability, and improving safety in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimum structural characteristics of lamination materials used in the fabrication of prosthetic and orthotic parts were investigated in this work. Optimization was chosen based on high yields, ultimate stresses, and bending stress properties. The ideal materials were determined through the use of an RSM (response surface methodology) which considers three factors: Perlon reinforcement, a layer of glass fiber, and the percentage of titanium nanoparticles combined with the matrix laminating resin. The RSM approach suggests thirteen samples by manipulating two variables: the Ti nano percentage and the number of Perlon layers. Laminating materials, defined by RSM methods and treated with a vacuum system, were submitted to a series of tests. The ideal lamination material was compared with the laminations from the initial study through the use of tensile, flexural, and fatigue testing according to ASTM standards. Tests carried out using version 10.0.2 of Design Expert software showed that, compared with the 12 other laminations, the one with 10 Perlon layers and 0.75 percent Ti nano had the highest overall yield and ultimate and bending loads. Fatigue eventually showed that stamina tension constraints were applied for optimal lamination, compared to ten Perlon lamination layers. We additionally tested the fatigue life of the best material and compared it with the available materials used at prosthetics and orthotics centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the health issues that many people encounter on a daily basis is bone fracture, which can happen for a number of reasons, such as arthritis, sprains, or external trauma. The patient experiences instability as a result of these issues. Internal fixation is a type of surgery used to support and mend a damaged bone Treatment options include ankle joint fixation, a surgical procedure employing pins, plates, rods, or screws. This study uses gait analysis methods to assess lower limb biomechanics. Gait analysis is vital for understanding walking patterns and intervention effectiveness. The impact of different shoe designs on ankle mechanics, using the finite element method and ANSYS, is investigated the results of the EMG and the GRF were discussed. This research deepens our understanding of lower limb biomechanics and ankle joint health. By evaluating stress effects and designing custom shoes, it enhances ankle injury treatment and management strategies. The patient, a 70-year-old woman with an internal fixation on her ankle joint, underwent a CT scan of her ankle. The patient underwent a number of experiments to evaluate her stability. EMG was used to determine the muscle stress for a brief period of time, and ground reaction force was then used to determine the pressure of walking. Both EMG and GRF have two walking speeds of 1.5 and 2 km/h while wearing four different types of shoes. The behavior of the EMG demonstrates that the stress on the muscle increases as walking speed increases, and the results varies depending on the shoe. The patient is afraid to apply pressure to the injured foot, so the healthy foot has better pressure over the entire, foot. The pressure reaches about 35 N/m2. The EMG of the rocker shoe with more damping has less muscle stress, using archfit and rocker gives the best distribution of GRF. Using a rocker gives the best distribution of pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additionally, it has been demonstrated that osseointegrated implantation offers superior proprioception and control over the prosthesis, enabling more natural movement and improved functional results. Additionally, it lowers the chance of falling and increases energy transfer efficiency, making it simpler for amputees to engage in physical activity. Furthermore, as compared to conventional socket prosthesis attachment, osseointegrated implantation has been linked to higher patient satisfaction and quality of life. It is crucial to remember that osseointegration is a surgical operation with risks including infection and implant failure. Additionally, for effective implantation, it needs a specific amount and quality of bone, which may restrict its usage in some individuals. Furthermore, osseointegrated implantation could be more expensive than conventional socket prosthetics. Understanding the efficacy and safety of this method requires research on complication rates and outcome metrics in patients having osseointegrated prosthesis implantation. You may acquire information on things like infection rates, implant failure, patient satisfaction, and functional results by studying original research papers. Clinical decision- making can then be improved with the use of this information. In transfemoral amputees, osseointegration has showed promise as a powerful substitute for socket prostheses. A growing corpus of research has shown that osseointegrated implantation provides advantages in terms of increasing mobility, decreasing discomfort, and improving general quality of life. The efficiency of osseointegration for transtibial and upper extremity implants has received little attention. Minor soft tissue infections are the most frequent consequences, although they are manageable with the right treatment and monitoring. To further reduce the risk of problems and improve the overall success of osseointegrated implantation, research and development are ongoingly focused on enhancing surgical methods and implant design. Although osseointegration has a lot of potential, not all amputees may be good candidates for it. Considerations for osseointegrated implantation must take into consideration elements including the degree and nature of the amputation, the quality and density of the bone, and the desires of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early-season vigor is an important morphological determinant of a crop's growth rate and duration. It results from metric parameters, such as light interception and dry matter production, loss, and partitioning. Formulating screening tools to assess early-season vigor by using root and shoot characteristics will be useful for identifying genotypes with superior performance during the juvenile growth stages. A 2-year study was conducted by using a sunlit pot culture set-up to assess genetic variation among 100 rice genotypes for shoot and root traits and several physiological parameters at the seedling growth stage (25-30 days after sowing). Given the absence of a significant year or experimental period × genotype interaction for the traits measured, the 2-year data were combined for each genotype. Individual (IVRI) and cumulative response indexes (CVRI) were estimated for each trait for all genotypes. Genotypes were classified into different categories by using CVRI values and standard errors. The majority of the genotypes exhibited low vigor (43%), followed by genotypes with moderate (33%) and very low (16%) vigor. However, five and three genotypes showed high- and very-high vigor, respectively. The CVRI values varied from a low value of 21.36 for RU1404196 to 36.17 for N-22, the most vigorous genotype. The high-vigor genotypes can be valuable genetic resources for developing new varieties with high early-season vigor as well as for physiological studies on canopy development for optimum light interception and weed competitiveness. The information and methods generated by this study can also be useful in identifying promising rice lines with potentially high vigor in rice breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering (17264073) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work involves three parts , first part is manufacturing different types of laminated below knee prosthetic socket materials with different classical laminated materials used in Baghdad center for prosthetic and orthotic (4perlon layers+2carbon fiber layer+4 perlon layers) , two suggested laminated materials(3perlon layers+2carbon fiber layer+3 perlon layers) and (3perlon layers+1carbon fiber layer+3 perlon layers) ) in order to choose perfect laminated socket . The second part tests (Impact test) the laminated materials specimens used in socket manufacturing in order to get the impact properties for each socket materials groups using an experimental rig designed especially for this purpose. The interface pressure between the residual leg and prosthetic socket is also measured to cover all the surface area of the B-K prosthetic socket by using piezoelectric sensor in order to estimate the resulting stress according to loading conditions. A male with age, length, mass, and stump length of 42 years, 164 cm, 67 Kg and 13 cm respectively with a right transtibial amputation is chosen to achieve the above mentioned test procedures. The last part suggests a theoretical and analytical models for each group of specimen to find out the absorbed energy behavior and subjected maximum stress for each laminated B-K prosthetic socket materials .

The residual limb within the prosthesis, is often subjected to tensile or fatigue stress with varying temperatures. The fatigue stress and temperatures difference which faced by amputee during his daily activities will produces an environmental media for growth of fungi and bacteria in addition to the damage that occurs in the prosthesis which minimizingthe life of the prosthetic limb and causing disconfirm feeling for the amputee. In this paper, a mechanical and thermal properties of composite materials prosthetic socket made of different lamination for perlon/fiber glass/perlon, are calculated by using tesile test device under varying temperatures ( from 20oC to 60oC), also in this paper a device for measuring rotational bending fatigue stress under varying temperatures was designed, manufactured, and calibrated ( this device is not available in Iraq), to achieve S – N curves for different lamination of perlon/fiber glass/perlon composite materials of prosthetic above knee socket. In this paper, the mechanical and thermal properties set ( E, σy, σult, K, and α ) results of the above composite materials are decreased when the temperatures are increased. The S–N curves results of rotational bending fatigue for these lamination of composite materials are decreased when the temperatures are increased,also the endurance limit stresses (σe) are decreased with the increasing of number of perlon, and increasing temperatures, generaly after about 107 cycles.

Temperature is one of the key abiotic stress factors that affect various stages of plant growth and development. In the US Midsouth, rice plants get exposed to variable temperatures depending on the planting date. We hypothesize that rice cultivars vary in their response to temperature, and developing a method for lowand high-temperature tolerance screening will help producers and breeders to select cultivars for management and breeding, respectively. Four rice cultivars, CL152, Bowman, Antonio, and Mermentau along with two hybrids XL 753 and CLXL 745 that were the most commonly grown in the US Midsouth were evaluated in this study for temperature tolerance. Five day/night temperature treatments, 20/12 (very low), 25/17 (low), 30/22 (optimum), 35/27 (high), and 40/32 °C (very high) were imposed after the seedling establishment, ten days after planting (DAP). Growth and developmental parameters including root and physiological parameters were recorded from plants harvested at 39 DAP. Rice cultivars and hybrids exhibited significant variability in their response to low and high temperatures. Based on total low- and high-temperature response indices, relative temperature response scores were derived. Total low-temperature response index values ranged from 18.48 to 23.15 whereas total high-temperature responses index values ranged from 42.01 to 48.82. Antonio, CLXL 745, and Mermentau were identified as sensitive to cold and heat, Bowman as sensitive to cold and moderately sensitive to heat, CL152 was moderately sensitive to cold and heat, and XL 753 was highly cold and heat tolerant cultivars/hybrids tested. These results may be useful for breeders to develop new rice cultivars which could withstand low- and high-temperature conditions during seedling stages. Further large-scale studies are needed to evaluate more cultivars or lines both in the controlled environments and field settings to come up with practical recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the optimal mechanical properties of the lamination materials that used in manufacturing prosthesis and orthoses parts are studied. The optimization is selected according to high yield, ultimate stresses, bending stress and fatigue properties. The method of selection the optimal materials is a response surface methodology (RSM) which depend on two parameters, reinforcement material Perlon fiber and percentage of multi-wall carbon nanotube MWCNTs which is mixed with matrix lamination resin. Thirteen samples are suggested according to RSM method by controlling two variables which are the layers number for Perlon and MWCNTs percentage. This method leads to select the optimum materials which give a maximum yield, ultimate and bending stresses. According to ASTM D638 and D790, the three imported tests are performed which are tensile, three-point bending and fatigue tests for all laminations materials as selected by RSM method and manufactured by vacuum method. Also, fatigue test is performed for optimal lamination material and compared with laminations manufactured in the previous study, 10 layers Perlon lamination and 424 laminations (4Perlon, 2carbon fiber and 4Perlon). The results obtained by Design Expert program version 10.0.2 showed that the lamination (10 layers Perlon and 0.75%of MWCNTs) is the optimum lamination according to the maximum yield, ultimate and bending stresses, and, endurance stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of the ultrasonic peening treatment (UPT) on the rotating bending fatigue behavior and the behavior of the vibrations of alloy steel DIN 41Cr4 were studied. Hardness test, Tensile test, Constant amplitude fatigue tests, and the vibrations measurements have been carried out on the specimens. Also, the fracture surface was examined and analyzed by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results of the investigations, e.g. stress to number of cycles to failure (S-N) curves, fatigue strength improvement factor was 7%. The decreasing percentage of maximum Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) acceleration of the ultrasonic peened condition compared to the untreated conditions was 45%.

The effects of shot peening treatment (SPT) were studied at (10,20, and 30) minutes on the rotating bending fatigue behavior and the behavior of the alloy steel DIN 41Cr4 vibrations. The hardness test, tensile test, constant amplitude fatigue tests, and the vibration measurements were performed on samples with and without cracks at room temperature (RT), also, the fracture surface was examined and analyzed by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results of the investigations, for example, Stress to Number of cycles to failure (S-N) curves, fatigue strength improvement factor of 5% to 10%, the decreasing percentage of maximum Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) acceleration of the shot-peened condition were compared to untreated conditions ranging between 25% and 40%. All these improvements occurred for up to 20 minutes of shot peening time (20 SPT), exceeding that time the fatigue behavior tended to decrease due to high roughness and the generation of tensile residual stress.

There are many patients who face a lot of things that hurt the knee joint. Knee replacement is the best solution to these problems. This research was based on reducing the vibrations of daily activities as measured by the frequency of foot and knee for the patient for three cases when the bare foot, sports shoes with ground air and sports shoes with ground air with silicon damping. Patient information for this work was of age, weight, height and leg length 48 years, 90 kg, 160 cm, 84 cm, respectively. The results was shown that the decline in acceleration results was in the case of sport shoes with ground air with silicon damping with 22.57%, while the decline in vibration results was in the case of sports shoes with ground air with -54.9%.

The aim of the present paper is to measure the stresses that result from vibration for knee-Ankle-Foot-orthosis (KAFO) at the different positions during dress-up by the patient by measuring the accelerometer of (KAFO). Also, the pressure between leg and knee -Ankle-Foot-orthosis was measured by using the piezoelectric sensor. Total stresses result from applied pressure and acceleration on the KAFO numerically calculated with ANSYS 14 package. The results showed that the values of stresses at the upper KAFO (thigh) are greater than the lower KAFO(shank).this is certainly because the values of pressure in the upper leg (thigh muscles)are higher than the pressure in shank muscles.

Effects of Cooling Media Viscosities during the Hardening process on the Mechanical Properties of Steel Materials. This study involves two parts: the first is manufacturing and testing the steel specimens without heat treatment, while the second is the treatment of the steel specimens by hardening process using different viscosity of quenching cooling oil media. In the beginning, the chemical and mechanical properties of steel specimens are measured and (mid so know the mechanical properties of untreated steel specimens using tensile and hardness and fatigue testing instruments, and the microstructure photo is taken for the same specimen The same tested procedures are followed for all the heat treated steel specimens using four types of cooling oils with different viscosities. The Four types are used with viscosities of(I60,480,960 and 1540) for (S1, S2, S3, and S4 ) respectively. The results show that using cooling oils with different viscosities in the hardening arcs raised (ultimate and yield stresses) with (8.5, 21.0)% '11.1)%,(0.85,13)% and (1.2, I.1)% for (S1, S2, S3, and S4 ), respectively. While young modulus , elongation and reduction in area increased with values of 4, 55,17.3)%, ( 7.7, 70, 30. 7) %, (9.2,100, 36.5)% and (10.2, 100, 34.15)% for S1, S2, S3 and S4, respectively. Brinell hardness also increased with (70.6,56.5,41.17and 23.5)% *S1 S2 ,53 and 54 )respectively. Finally, the endurance stress limit increased aid (62.5,50,3 0, and 5)%for (51 S2, S3, and S4 ), respectively, and the best fatigue life and fatigue limit are recorded with specimen S1...

Rice ( Oryza sativa ) is a human staple food and serves as a model organism for genetic and molecular studies. Few studies have been conducted to determine the effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) stress on rice. UV-B stress triggers morphological and physiological changes in plants. However, the underlying mechanisms governing these integrated responses are unknown. In this study, we conducted a proteomic response of rice leaves to UV-B stress using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified the selected proteins by mass spectrometry analysis. Four levels of daily biologically effective UV-B radiation intensities were imposed to determine changes in protein accumulation in response to UV-B stress: 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 kJ m -2 d -1 in two cultivars, i.e., IR6 and REX. To mimic the natural environment, we conducted this experiment in Sunlit Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research (SPAR) chambers. Among the identified proteins, 11% of differentially expressed proteins were found in both cultivars. In the Rex cultivar, only 45% of proteins are differentially expressed, while only 27.5% were expressed in IR6. The results indicate that REX is more affected by UV-B stress than IR6 cultivars. The identified protein TSJT1 (spot 16) in both cultivars plays a crucial role in plant growth and development during stress treatment. Additionally, we found that UV-B stress altered many antioxidant enzymes associated with redox homeostasis and cell defense response. Another enzyme, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), has been identified as spot 15, which plays an essential role in glycolysis and cellular energy production. Another vital protein identified is glycosyl hydrolase (GH) as spot 9, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in cell wall polymers and significantly affects cell wall architecture. Some identified proteins are related to photosynthesis, protein biosynthesis, signal transduction, and stress response. The findings of our study provide new insights into understanding how rice plants are tailored to UV-B stress via modulating the expression of UV-B responsive proteins, which will help develop superior rice breeds in the future to combat UV-B stress. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD032163., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Sah, Jumaa, Li and Reddy.)

Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is an essential staple food crop, but the per acre average rice yield is less than its substantial potential in many countries. Rice breeders and growers would benefit from a robust genotypes with better morpho-physiological and yield-related traits. Here, seventy-four new rice genotypes were phenotyped over two years for their gas exchange and yield potential-related traits under Mississippi rice-growing conditions. A wide range of variability was observed among genotypes for all measured traits. Detailed phenotyping of rice genotypes revealed two key relationships that function together to contribute to yield potential under the southern US climate. The first one, grain yield, grain number, and spikelet fertility, showed considerable correlation (r = 0.45 to 0.79, p < 0.001) to harvest index. Conversely, days to anthesis had a high and negative correlation with harvest index (r = -0.79, p < 0.001), which suggests that selection for short duration genotypes with efficient partitioning could improve the yields under southern US climatic conditions. Additive response index revealed a higher positive association with yield traits (R 2 = 0.59) than physiological (R 2 = 0.28) and morphological traits (R 2 = 0.21). Compared with the commercial genotype Rex, 21.6% and 47.3% of the rice genotypes had a higher gas exchange and yield response scores. IR08A172, IR07K142 and IR07F287 were ranked as high performers in physiological and yield response indices. Our study highlights that selection for short-duration yield-related traits with efficient sink capacity traits is desirable for future breeding programs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified eight loci that are associated with heart rate variability (HRV), but candidate genes in these loci remain uncharacterized. We developed an image- and CRISPR/Cas9-based pipeline to systematically characterize candidate genes for HRV in live zebrafish embryos. Nine zebrafish orthologues of six human candidate genes were targeted simultaneously in eggs from fish that transgenically express GFP on smooth muscle cells (Tg[acta2:GFP]), to visualize the beating heart. An automated analysis of repeated 30 s recordings of beating atria in 381 live, intact zebrafish embryos at 2 and 5 days post-fertilization highlighted genes that influence HRV (hcn4 and si:dkey-65j6.2 [KIAA1755]); heart rate (rgs6 and hcn4); and the risk of sinoatrial pauses and arrests (hcn4). Exposure to 10 or 25 µM ivabradine-an open channel blocker of HCNs-for 24 h resulted in a dose-dependent higher HRV and lower heart rate at 5 days post-fertilization. Hence, our screen confirmed the role of established genes for heart rate and rhythm (RGS6 and HCN4); showed that ivabradine reduces heart rate and increases HRV in zebrafish embryos, as it does in humans; and highlighted a novel gene that plays a role in HRV (KIAA1755).

The purpose of kidney transplantation is to improve the quality of life (QoL) for patients with end-stage renal disease. This study aims to measure QoL in renal transplant patients in Bethlehem and Hebron in Palestine. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed on 109 renal transplant patients referred to Palestinian Ministry of Health - primary health-care clinics of Bethlehem and Hebron in Palestine from December 2016 to April 2017, by using Kidney Transplant Questionnaire (KTQ-25) for the assessment of QoL and determining the effect of sociodemographic variables on QoL. The reliability of KTQ-25 was determined to be 0.74 by Cronbach's alpha method. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19.0 and descriptive analytic statistics. The mean QoL for kidney transplant patients was 4.02 ± 0.84. The highest score of the KTQ was the appearance dimension (5.40 ± 1.23), whereas the lowest was related to the uncertainty/fear dimension (3.36 ± 1.23). The sample consisted of mostly males (79.8%), and their mean age was (41 ± 24) years. Most were married (81.7%), 45.9% were without work, and 66.1% of kidney donors' type were biologically blood related. No statistically significant difference was observed (P ≥ 0.05) between the sociodemographic variables and QoL. Surprisingly, the majority of kidney transplant patients (83.3%) were on prednisone. The QoL for kidney transplant patients was moderate. The society, government, family, and medical staff need to support patients to alleviate fear and uncertainty they feel. Furthermore, high reliance on corticosteroids in treatment needs to be reconsidered.

Intracranial aspergillosis is an extremely rare manifestation of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompetent children and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We report a 12-year-old immunocompetent male child who was referred to the King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in May 2010 after a sudden-onset headache and loss of consciousness. Brain imaging revealed a large right space-occupying occipital lesion and the patient underwent a craniotomy and resection. Histopathology of the lesion revealed necrotising granulomatous fungal encephalitis with many hyphae engulfed by multinucleated giant histiocytes. Two days later, a computed tomography scan showed debulking of the fungal mass and the patient was discharged on oral voriconazole. However, imaging at a six-week follow-up showed progression of the abnormality. A residual or persistent fungal brain lesion was suspected. Further neurosurgical resection of the lesion was performed and cultures showed growth of Aspergillus flavus. The patient was treated successfully with antifungal therapy over the following two years.