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The new NMC standards for midwifery education present a challenge for midwifery educators in the UK as midwifery students are required to qualify with additional skills and competencies, as well as have the skills, knowledge and proficiencies to ensure inclusivity for each individual that accesses midwifery and maternity care. It is extremely challenging to prepare students for each and every practice scenario that they will encounter. The midwifery education team at Bangor University are utilising a concept-based pedagogical approach commonly used for health care education in North America

This article provides a critical commentary of Design Thinking education and proposes a new model for incorporating responsibility within these teaching and learning practices. The need for this approach becomes more urgent as Design Thinking is increasingly integrated across disciplinary boundaries into business schools where it is seen as a pathway to commercial innovation that ultimately impacts society. Within this article, Responsible Design literature is reviewed to identify principles and practices that can inform Design Thinking education, bringing critical depth, as well as social and environmental impact into its broader ambit. It is argued that principles of social responsibility, environmental sustainability, ethics, critical thinking and accountability can be combined with feasibility, viability and desirability to create a new model for Responsible Design Thinking education. Based on these principles, three different conceptualizations are presented to indicate how Responsible Design Thinking may be applied in teaching practice. This model is proposed with the intention of supporting educators who are seeking to introduce Responsible Design Thinking into their teaching practice, as well as provoking discussion about the current and future state of Design Thinking education.

Late in 2022 Julie Roberts and Jonathan Fisher caught up with Rob Proffitt-White to find out about the recent professional learning workshops he ran with teachers and school leaders around New Zealand. They asked Rob about the underlying approach to the short-term Just-in-Time Maths initiative and his thoughts about future professional learning in mathematics.

The aim of the study was to explore the potential of a timed word association task to generate detailed insights into the perception of Glasgow city and its people. The study investigated qualitative differences between earlier and later associations, based on grounded cognition theory. The extent to which word associations varied by participants’ relationship to Glasgow is identified, in terms of Aaker’s brand personality scale. Surveying of 1,219 UK participants generated a total of 5,993 terms (city; 1,144 unique) and 5,031 terms (people; 917 unique) and supported both preregistered hypotheses. Subsequent exploratory analyses suggested branding attempts have had a low impact on visitor, non-visitor, and resident perceptions, challenging prior investment in destination marketing. Finally, the study contributes to theory (dual processing theories in psychology; Linguistic and Situated Simulation), and offers a practical, fast, and replicable methodology for destination marketers to study perception.

Introduction The number of patients with long-term health condition (LTC) is increasing worldwide. Thus, regular update for clinical skills and knowledge among healthcare professionals’(HCPs) involved in LTC management using the best format is crucial. This scoping review protocol is an initial review that will inform the development of an effective training intervention using blended learning approach for healthcare professionals particularly in long-term management context. Methods and Analysis The review will follow Joanna Briggs Institute guidance. A wide range of electronic databases and grey literature sources will be searched from the year 2000 to the present. The review will include primary data from any databases. All review steps, the abstract and full-text screening as well as the data extraction will involve two or more reviewers. Thematic analysis will be used to develop overarching concepts. Ethics and dissemination The review will produce important new information on existing program, outcomes, implementation challenges and key points for future research around training using blended learning approach in various countries setting. The findings will be disseminated through professional bodies, employer organisations, conferences and research papers.

© The Author(s) 2021. Employing a material discursive approach, this article deconstructs advice within published guides to pregnancy and birth written by men for men. We deconstruct the representation of feelings and emotions in men during this period rejecting essentialist and social constructionist views of gendered emotionality. We find the texts are saturated with emotional advice, which is ambivalent and resorts to forms of essentialism that obscure male vulnerabilities and leave male forms of power intact. While men can expect to feel love, fear, and disgust, the case for male calm and stoicism is reconstructed, threatening dire consequences if he fails. Our study makes a unique contribution to our understanding of the affective assemblage that accompanies men who are now expected to care during pregnancy, labor, and birth. Men are constructed as having an embodied experience that cannot be admitted to, ensuring that hegemonic masculine understandings reinforce gendered constructions of care, caring and emotions during pregnancy, labor and birth.

Human-made and natural disasters can result in severely fragmented, compromised, and commingled human remains. The related disaster victim identification (DVI) operations are invariably challenging, with the state of the remains potentially precluding some identifications. Practitioners involved in these DVI operations will routinely face logistical, practical, and ethical challenges. This review provides information and guidance derived from first-hand experiences to individuals tasked with managing DVI operations with fragmented human remains. We outline several key issues that should be addressed during disaster preparedness planning and at the outset of an operation, when incident-specific strategies are developed. Specific challenges during recovery and examination of fragmented remains are addressed, highlighting the importance of experienced specialists at the scene and in the mortuary. DNA sample selection and sampling techniques are reviewed, as well as downstream effects of commingling and contamination, which can complicate reconciliation and emphasise the need for rigorous quality control. We also touch on issues that may arise during communication with families. While recommendations are provided, they are not intended as proscriptive policy but rather as an addition to the general recommendations given in the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) DVI Guide, to inform preparative discussions between government officials, judiciary, police, and forensic specialists.Key pointsA DVI operation for an incident characterised by many fragmented and otherwise compromised human remains poses specific challenges that may prolong and complicate identifications.Specialists should be consulted at the outset to address key issues related to the aim and extent of the operation.Specialist expertise in handling compromised human remains is indispensable at the scene, in the mortuary, during reconciliation, and for quality control.Continuous consultation between representatives from government, the judiciary, law enforcement, the media, and various forensic specialists will prevent unnecessary delay and facilitate accurate and timely communication.

The concept of ‘open social innovation’ (OSI) has not yet been fully understood, particularly in relation to social enterprises (SEs). This paper explores the use of OSI as a means of achieving social change through two in-depth, longitudinal, qualitative case studies with Scottish SEs. The researcher undertook participant observation for a year as well as conducting interviews and reviewing documents of the case study organizations. We build on Wikhamn (2013) by conceptualizing two approaches to OSI: ‘controlled’ which is closely connected to market-based attitudes, and ‘libre’ which is connected to the knowledge commons. Each approach has ramifications for how SEs achieve social change: either through exploitation of intellectual property as a means of income generation or freely revealing to accelerate social impact. The ways in which SEs manage OSI could thus determine the impact they can have on tackling some of society’s most challenging social problems.

Burning can have a profound effect on the appearance of bone and increase its susceptibility to mechanical damage. In criminal cases where there has been a deliberate attempt to dispose of human remains in this way; there is also often a need to distinguish between damage caused by heat, ante-mortem and peri-mortem trauma, and post-mortem damage. This case demonstrates how the forensic anthropologist and archaeologist contributed to a complex investigation where a homicide victim had been dismembered, burned and concealed. The use of archaeological and anthropological techniques at the scene, in the mortuary and the laboratory, provided evidence that enabled the sequence of events surrounding the disposal of the deceased to be reconstructed. The expert witness testimony given in court showed the benefits of employing these skills and assisted in securing the conviction of the offenders who are both serving life sentences.

Objectives To investigate midwifery students’ experiences of viewing childbirth on mainstream factual television and to explore implications for student career intentions and potential pedagogical uses of television excerpts in midwifery education. Design Twenty-two undergraduate midwifery students at one of two universities took place in focus groups between February and June 2019. Ethical approval was obtained at both sites. Thematic analysis was employed to generate key themes from the data. Setting Two UK universities based in the East Midlands and East Yorkshire regions of England. Participants Twenty-two midwifery students at any stage of their studies. Findings Researchers generated four key themes from the data a) Changed Perspectives on Televised Childbirth, b) Representations of Midwives and Social Implications, c) Representation of Childbirth and Social Implications and d) The Role of Televising Childbirth in Midwifery Education. Key conclusions Midwifery students often experience a change of perspective on birth on television as they acquire new knowledge and skills. They recognise the potential social implications of how childbirth and midwifery are represented on television. Pedagogical use of televised birth has potential benefits but needs further investigation in the context of midwifery education. Implications for practice Midwifery students are likely to begin their studies with pre-existing views and experiences around how birth is represented on mainstream factual television. They may need support to reflect on these to consider their expectations of the profession, to effectively support childbearing women and to potentially influence future production of media images of childbirth.

There is enough evidence that patient education and lifestyle modification has shown benefits in diabetes care, however the evidence is less for improving care of hypertension. Our study is the first in the UK to assess the impact of a structured hypertension education program in subjects with type 2 diabetes.Prospective randomised controlled study.From a diabetes clinic in a district and general hospital in UK 132 participants were equally randomised into intervention group and control group. Intervention included a once weekly education session for 4 weeks together with home blood pressure monitoring and dose changes in antihypertensives. Base line data was recorded with follow up after 3 and 6 months.More participants achieved target BP in the intervention group versus control. This difference appeared early at the 3rd months (48.8% versus 20.4% respectively, p = 0.007) and remained at the 6th month (58.1% versus 20.4% respectively, p 0.001). The change in number of pills was significantly lower in the intervention group. The mean increase in antihypertensive pills was 0.22 ± 0.48 (13 ± 30% increase) in the intervention group versus 0.62 ± 0.68 (41 ± 60% increase) in the routine group (p = 0.014), denoting less need to escalate treatment.We demonstrated that our structured education program has led to a significantly higher percentage of participants achieving the BP target, early after intervention, together with a significant reduction in the number of antihypertensive pills.

Being pregnant beyond one’s estimated due date is a relatively common experience and requires complex decisions about whether to induce labour or wait for spontaneous onset. We report a qualitative study undertaken in the UK in 2016. We interviewed fifteen women and eleven more took part in an online focus group. Using thematic analysis, resistance to the medicalisation of prolonged pregnancy was identified as a strong theme. Drawing on the work of Armstrong and Murphy, we identify both conceptual and behavioural resistance in the accounts of women who accepted, delayed or declined induction of labour. Experiential knowledge played a key role in resistance, but women found this was devalued. Some healthcare staff used risk discourse to pressure women to comply with induction protocols but were unwilling to engage in discussion. The social context provided further pressure to produce a baby ‘on time’, with induction normalised as the way to manage prolonged pregnancy. Online spaces provided additional information and support for women to question the medicalisation of prolonged pregnancy. We end by considering the implications for policies of choice and agency in maternity care as well as the need for additional social support for women who are ‘overdue’.

Related Research Data is available online at the end of the Discussion section at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14680777.2019.1690025#_i15 . Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Factual and reality television shows that depict childbirth are both commercially successful and controversial. Social debate focuses on the potential implications for women’s experiences of birth and their health. This scoping review critically analyses published literature to assess the state of knowledge about the influence of factual and reality television on the expectations and experiences of childbearing women, and to make recommendations for future research. Recognising the complexity of researching the relationship between the media and lived health experiences, we critically engage with the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of the published literature and its substantive findings. We argue that the field is limited by a disconnect between media studies and health studies. Feminist approaches have both criticised the medicalised view of childbirth seen to dominate mainstream media, and the valorisation of “natural childbirth” as a standard which also disciplines women. Very little research has engaged with pregnant women’s views and experiences. Future research should engage more rigorously with diverse women who are pregnant or have recently become mothers. Recommendations for future research also include transdisciplinary collaboration for methodological innovation, research about television production processes and research that takes social media and the changing nature of television into account. Wellcome Trust [grant number 110450/Z/15/Z].

Background Early labour care presents a challenge for maternity services and is a cause of dissatisfaction for women planning birth in an obstetric or midwifery unit who may feel unsupported or unwelcome at their planned place of birth. Little is known about the perspectives of men who support their partner during early labour. Methods Opportunity sample offathers (n = 12) in the UK who had been present during their partner’s labour in the previous twelve months. Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed before thematic analysis. Results Fathers learned about the stages of labour during antenatal education and felt well prepared for early labour but found their knowledge difficult to apply, and relied on their partners to decide when to travel to the planned place of birth. Early labour was described as the ‘calm before the storm’ during which they carried out practical tasks or rested to ensure they could fulfil their role when labour progressed. However, men frequently felt ‘like a spare part’ during the later stages of labour. Discussion The study has implications for antenatal educators, midwives and others supporting couples during pregnancy and labour. It supports reconsideration of how information about labour progress can be most usefully conveyed to couples. Professionals could acknowledge the value of supportive tasks carried out by fathers that might otherwise be experienced as doing ‘nothing’. Further research should recruit more diverse samples of men and same-sex couples. Dyadic data collection methods may be of value.

Glottal stop is a widely reported phenomenon in the United Kingdom, but it has been rarely studied in the United States. The current study follows up on work on this feature in a wide age range of speakers in Vermont. Currently the speakers comprise thirty-six children ages 2;6 to 5 from this same location. In addition to demonstrating that these children have acquired the phonological constraints, as well as the full range of allophones of /t/, the results provide a lens through which to explore other issues of language acquisition and language variation, most notably, the boundary between dialectal and developmental variation. In general, it is argued that sociolinguistically conditioned variation adds empirical as well as theoretical value to studies of phonetically and phonologically conditioned variation and acquisition of the phonological system by first language learners.

Previous research on speech in Vermont has revealed evidence of dialect leveling but with much individual variation. the purpose of the current study of the raising and fronting of /aʊ/ in Vermont is to explore this residual variation with an eye toward offering interpretations based upon group and personal identity and affiliation. broad demographically based analyses as well as the examination of interview content and individual vowel data provide insight into the process of dialect leveling in Vermont. Specifically, in addition to such demographic factors as age and gender, overall life affiliation differences and individual life choices gleaned from interview material are helpful in disambiguating what would otherwise seem to be anomalous variable features. this combination of methods may be particularly useful in situations of economic and cultural change.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and summarize the current body of evidence on the subject of birth plans to develop a research agenda.METHOD: A narrative review was undertaken to offer a comprehensive overview of themes emerging from previous research in this area.FINDINGS: Thirty-five papers from 33 studies were retrieved and grouped into three main themes: the impact of birth plans on obstetric outcomes, women’s experiences and opinions of completing and using birth plans, and health care professionals’ beliefs about and experiences of the use of birth plans. Key findings relate to beliefs about the benefits and challenges of birth plans, as described by women and health care professionals and the impact of birth plans on a range of obstetric outcomes.CONCLUSION: This review brings together a range of studies around birth plans and synthesizes key themes. Little homogeneity was seen in the studies identified, and a wide variety of care contexts and childbirth philosophies were represented. Findings suggest the need for further research into whether there are ideal circumstances and environments for the completion of birth plans antenatally and whether disparities between expectations described in women’s plans and experiences in labor and birth can be reduced.

Objective To explore and synthesise evidence of women's information needs, decision-making and experiences of membrane sweeping to promote spontaneous labour. Design A systematic review following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) meta-aggregative approach to qualitative evidence synthesis. Relevant databases were searched for literature published in English between 2000–19. Study quality was assessed using the JBI quality assessment tool for qualitative studies. Setting Qualitative research conducted in OECD countries describing women's information needs, decision-making and/or experiences of membrane sweeping to promote spontaneous labour. Findings One article met the criteria for inclusion. This article describes the experience of a membrane sweep given without consent. Key conclusions and Implications for practice There is a lack of evidence around women's information needs, decision-making and experiences of membrane sweeping. This is concerning, especially in the context of rising rates of formal induction of labour. Further research is needed to investigate how women are being offered membrane sweeping and what information women need to make informed choices about membrane sweeping to promote spontaneous labour.

BACKGROUND: Decisions made in early labor influence the outcomes of childbirth for women and infants. Telephone assessment during labor, the current norm in many settings, has been found to be a source of dissatisfaction for women and can present challenges for midwives. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore midwives’ views on the potential of video-calling as a method for assessing women in early labor. METHODS: A series of eight midwife focus groups (n=45) and interviews (n=4) in the Midlands region of England and the mid-South and Northeast regions of the United States were completed. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and coded using content analysis. Coding diagrams were used to help develop major themes in the data. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and coded using content analysis. Coding diagrams were used to help develop major themes in the data. RESULTS: Midwives were generally positive about the potential of video-calling in early labor and using visual cues to make more accurate assessments and to enhance trust. Some midwives expressed concerns about privacy, both for themselves and for women, and issues of accessibility. They suggested strategies for implementation and further research, such as the need for a private space in birth facilities and training for both staff and service users. CONCLUSIONS: Video-calling was seen as a viable option for assessment of women in early labor with some particular challenges related to implementation. This research focused on midwives’ views; the views of women and their families should also be considered. There is a lack of evidence on the clinical and cost effectiveness of video-calling in maternity care and further research is warranted.

Background While previous research has suggested that health care assistants supporting palliative care work in the community regard the provision of emotional labour as a key aspect of their role, little research has explored the experiences of family carers who are the recipients of such support. Objective To explore the emotional labour undertaken by health care assistants working in community palliative care from the perspectives of both health care assistants and bereaved family carers. Design We conducted a qualitative interview study in 2011–2012 with bereaved family carers of cancer patients who had received the services of health care assistants in the community, and health care assistants who provided community palliative care services. Transcripts were coded and analysed for emergent themes using a constant comparative technique. Settings Three different research sites in the United Kingdom, all providing community palliative care. Participants and methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 33 bereaved family carers and eight health care assistants. Results Health care assistants view one of their key roles as providing emotional support to patients and their family carers, and family carers recognise and value this emotional support. Emotional support by health care assistants was demonstrated in three main ways: the relationships which health care assistants developed and maintained on the professional–personal boundary; the ability of health care assistants to negotiate clinical/domestic boundaries in the home; the ways in which health care assistants and family carers worked together to enable the patient to die at home. Conclusion Through their emotional labour, health care assistants perform an important role in community palliative care which is greatly valued by family carers. While recent reports have highlighted potential dangers in the ambiguity of their role, any attempts to clarify the ‘boundaries' of the health care assistant role should acknowledge the advantages health care assistants can bring in bridging potential gaps between healthcare professionals and family carers.

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the exposure to mating pheromone activates a prototypic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and triggers a dose-dependent differentiation response. Whereas a high pheromone dose induces growth arrest and formation of a shmoo-like morphology in yeast cells, lower pheromone doses elicit elongated cell growth. Previous population-level analysis has revealed that the MAPK Fus3 plays an important role in mediating this differentiation switch. To further investigate how Fus3 controls the fate decision process at the single-cell level, we developed a specific translocation-based reporter for monitoring Fus3 activity in individual live cells. Using this reporter, we observed strikingly different dynamic patterns of Fus3 activation in single cells differentiated into distinct fates. Cells committed to growth arrest and shmoo formation exhibited sustained Fus3 activation. In contrast, most cells undergoing elongated growth showed either a delayed gradual increase or pulsatile dynamics of Fus3 activity. Furthermore, we found that chemically perturbing Fus3 dynamics with a specific inhibitor could effectively redirect the mating differentiation, confirming the causative role of Fus3 dynamics in driving cell fate decisions. MAPKs mediate proliferation and differentiation signals in mammals and are therapeutic targets in many cancers. Our results highlight the importance of MAPK dynamics in regulating single-cell responses and open up the possibility that MAPK signaling dynamics could be a pharmacological target in therapeutic interventions.

This article explores birth representations through a content analysis of two seasons of the U.K. program, One Born Every Minute (OBEM) (Channel 4, 2010–). Reality television (RTV) has been a fertile ground for the mediation of birth, but has also stoked controversy among feminist critics and the birth community about how birth is represented and the impacts this might have for women and society. International research has explored problematic over-representation of white, heterosexual couples, as well as noting a predominance of medicalized birth experiences. However, this research is formed largely of qualitative studies that are necessarily based on small samples of episodes. To contribute to this literature, we apply a quantitative and interdisciplinary lens through a content analysis of two seasons of the U.K. version of OBEM. Paying attention to the geographical and temporal context of OBEM, this article confirms over-representation of white, heterosexual couples and medicalized birth on RTV birth shows while also providing novel insights into the ambiguous representation of birthplace and lead caregivers, the medicalization of birth through the routinization of supposedly minor birth interventions, and the absence of the representation of women’s choice over such interventions.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the appropriateness and feasibility of cognitive rehabilitation for people with dementias associated with Parkinson's in a pilot randomised controlled study.\ud \ud METHODS: This was a single-blind pilot randomised controlled trial of goal-oriented cognitive rehabilitation for dementias associated with Parkinson's. After goal setting, participants were randomised to cognitive rehabilitation (n = 10), relaxation therapy (n = 10), or treatment-as-usual (n = 9). Primary outcomes were ratings of goal attainment and satisfaction with goal attainment. Secondary outcomes included quality of life, mood, cognition, health status, everyday functioning, and carers' ratings of goal attainment and their own quality of life and stress levels. Assessments were at 2 and 6 months following randomisation.\ud \ud RESULTS: At 2 months, cognitive rehabilitation was superior to treatment-as-usual and relaxation therapy for the primary outcomes of self-rated goal attainment (d = 1.63 and d = 1.82, respectively) and self-rated satisfaction with goal attainment (d = 2.04 and d = 1.84). At 6 months, cognitive rehabilitation remained superior to treatment-as-usual (d = 1.36) and relaxation therapy (d = 1.77) for self-rated goal attainment. Cognitive rehabilitation was superior to treatment as usual and/or relaxation therapy in a number of secondary outcomes at 2 months (mood, self-efficacy, social domain of quality of life, carers' ratings of participants' goal attainment) and at 6 months (delayed recall, health status, quality of life, carer ratings of participants' goal attainment). Carers receiving cognitive rehabilitation reported better quality of life, health status, and lower stress than those allocated to treatment-as-usual.\ud \ud CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive rehabilitation is feasible and potentially effective for dementias associated with Parkinson's disease.

Medical sociologists and anthropologists have studied the social significance of obstetric ultrasound for families but little is known about how women and families make use of commercially available ultrasound scans. This article draws on interviews with women who booked a scan with a commercial company in the UK. For some women, commercial ultrasound can be understood as a family practice. We investigate this theme by examining who accompanies women to commercial scan appointments, how scan images are shared and how sonograms are used as prompts to resemblance talk. We argue that commercial scans are more than an additional opportunity to acquire ‘baby’s first picture’ and offer a flexible resource to do family, creating and affirming family relationships and rehearsing roles as parents, siblings and grandparents. Our findings confirm the importance of imagination in doing family and raise questions about the role of technology and commercial interests in shaping family practices.

The premise that ultrasound technologies provide reassurance for pregnant women is well-rehearsed. However, there has been little research about how this reassurance is articulated and understood by both expectant mothers and health care professionals. In this article, we draw on two qualitative UK studies to explore the salience of ultrasound reassurance to women’s pregnancy experiences whilst highlighting issues around articulation and silence. Specifically, we capture how expectant parents express a general need for reassurance and how visualisation and the conduct of professionals have a crucial role to play in accomplishing a sense of reassurance. We also explore how professionals have ambiguities about the relationship between ultrasound and reassurance, and how they subsequently articulate reassurance to expectant mothers. By bringing two studies together, we take a broad perspectival view of how gaps and silences within the discourse of ultrasound reassurance leave the claims made for ultrasound as a technology of reassurance unchallenged. Finally, we explore the implications this can have for women’s experiences of pregnancy and health care professionals’ practices.

Background There is growing interest in developing non-pharmacological treatments to address the cognitive deficits apparent in Parkinson’s disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies. Cognitive rehabilitation is a goal-oriented behavioural intervention which focuses on improving everyday functioning through management of cognitive difficulties; it has been shown to be effective in Alzheimer’s disease. To date, no studies have assessed its potential efficacy for addressing the impact of cognitive impairment in people with Parkinson’s disease or dementia with Lewy bodies. Methods/design Participants (n = 45) will be recruited from movement disorders, care for the elderly and memory clinics. Inclusion criteria include: a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease, Parkinson’s disease dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies according to consensus criteria and an Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination – III score of ≤ 82. Exclusion criteria include: a diagnosis of any other significant neurological condition; major psychiatric disorder, including depression, which is not related to the patient’s Parkinson’s disease and unstable medication use for their physical or cognitive symptoms. A single-blind pilot randomised controlled trial, with concurrent economic evaluation, will compare the relative efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation with that of two control conditions. Following a goal-setting interview, the participants will be randomised to one of the three study arms: cognitive rehabilitation (eight weekly sessions), relaxation therapy (eight weekly sessions) or treatment as usual. Randomisation and treatment group allocation will be carried out by a clinical trials unit using a dynamic adaptive sequential randomisation algorithm. The primary outcomes are patients’ perceived goal attainment at a 2-months post-intervention assessment and a 6-months follow-up. Secondary outcomes include patients’ objective cognitive performance (on tests of memory and executive function) and satisfaction with goal attainment, carers’ perception of patients’ goal attainment and patients’ and carers’ health status and psychosocial well-being, measured at the same time points. Cost-effectiveness will be examined to explore the design of a larger cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a full trial. Discussion This pilot study will evaluate the application of cognitive rehabilitation for the management of cognitive difficulties associated with Parkinson’s disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies. The results of the study will inform the design of a fully powered randomised controlled trial. Trial registration ISRCTN16584442 DOI 10.1186/ISRCTN16584442 13 April 2015

Childbirth is highly visible on television at a time when few people see birth in the family or community and access to antenatal education is declining. One Born Every Minute (OBEM) is the most high-profile example of this programming in the United Kingdom. Now on its ninth series, the series won a BAFTA in its first year and now exports programmes to the United States and France. However, such programming is controversial within the birth community. This chapter examines objections to the series—drawing on an analysis of published commentaries and opinion pieces from midwives, doulas and activists. Firstly we evaluate claims that televised birth promotes fear among women and damages the midwifery profession in the light of available research evidence. Secondly we explore the dominant conceptual questions that emerged from the analysis around the identity of OBEM as educational programming or entertainment, and its claims to represent reality. The birth community has raised important questions about birth on television and we draw together insights from a range of disciplines to argue for further research that is theoretically grounded to move the debate forward and tackle the complex question of how televised birth might be influencing women’s experiences of pregnancy and birth. The commentaries and opinion pieces from within the ‘birth community’ raise vital questions about the impact of televised childbirth on women’s experiences and on wider birth culture. However, some of the claims identified—that OBEM increases fear of birth, that it damages the profession of midwifery—need a stronger empirical basis if they are to be supported. We argue that interdisciplinary, theoretically informed research has potential to further the debate and inform interventions in popular culture.

Objective. This paper presents the development of the Warwick Patient Experiences Framework (WaPEF) and describes how it informed the development of the NICE Guidance and Quality Standard, ‘Patient experience in adult NHS services: improving the experience of care for people using adult NHS services’. Design. The WaPEF was developed using a thematic qualitative overview that utilized a systematic review approach. Search strategies were developed, inclusion and exclusion criteria developed and data extracted from papers. Results. The WaPEF identifies seven key generic themes that are important to a high-quality patient experience: patient as active participant, responsiveness of services, an individualized approach, lived experience, continuity of care and relationships, communication, information and support. Conclusions. The WaPEF is the first patient experiences framework with an explicit link to an underpinning patient evidence base, linking themes and sub-themes with specific references. The WaPEF informed the structure and content of the NICE Patient Experiences Guidance. The guidance, published in February 2012, will form a key part of the NHS Outcomes Framework in the UK for the future evaluation of health and social care. The proposed framework could be adapted to other country contexts and settings.