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Objective As personality changes and personality disorders are frequently observed in multiple sclerosis (MS), personality may be a prognostic factor for this disease. The present study investigated the influence of personality on disability, progression, and treatment adherence in MS. Method Personality was assessed in 41 patients with Relapsing–Remitting MS (30 females; mean age = 42.63 years) using the NEO Personality Inventory—3rd edition. Disability was measured with the Expanded Disability Status Scale, and treatment adherence information was collected from the Swiss MS Cohort. Correlation, multiple linear and partial least square regressions were performed to examine relations between personality, disability, and treatment adherence in MS. Results After accounting for age and time since disease onset, our analysis revealed that Neuroticism (β = 0.32, p = 0.01) and its Vulnerability facet (β = 0.28, p Conclusions Overall, our study showed that some personality traits can impact disability in MS, indicating that these should be considered in clinical practice, as they could be used to adapt and improve patients’ clinical support.

Background. Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are an important early feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD), encompassing a variety of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms, that seem to manifest differently depending on the asymmetry of motor symptoms. Different factors, such as uric acid (UA) and sex, also seem to influence NMS expression in PD. However, the interactions between UA, sex, and motor symptom asymmetry remains to be better understood in PD. Methods. Participants taking part in the Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative were studied based on the side of motor-symptom asymmetry and sex. Three-way interaction modeling was used to examine the moderating effects of sex and UA in time on NMS. Results. Significant three-way interactions were highlighted at one year follow-up between motor symptom asymmetry, UA and sex, for immediate memory, delayed memory, processing speed and sleepiness for female patients only. Also, female patients exhibiting predominantly right-sided motor symptoms demonstrated the most preserved NMS in the presence of lower serum UA levels. Conclusion. These findings suggest that in the earliest stages of the disease, serum UA and sex moderate NMS expression differently depending on motor asymmetry. This holds important clinical implications for symptom management in early-stage PD patients.

The longitudinal trajectories of cognitive-neuropsychiatric symptoms from the early stages of Parkinson's disease, as a function of motor symptom asymmetry at the onset of the disease, remain to be fully explored. Moreover, the relationship to biomarkers warrants further investigation.Non-motor and biospecimen data from 413 patients with Parkinson's disease, dissociating predominantly left-sided motor symptoms patients (n = 179), predominantly right-sided motor symptoms patients (n = 234), and matched healthy controls (n = 196), were extracted from the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative database during a 3-Year follow-up. Non-parametric and conservative corrections for multivariate comparisons were carried out on neuropsychiatric and biomarker data.A decline for global cognitive efficiency scores in predominantly right-sided motor symptoms patients was observed, whereas depressive and anxiety symptoms were greater overtime for predominantly left-sided motor symptoms patients. Biomarker analysis revealed that predominantly right-sided patients expressed decreased levels of total-tau and phospho-tau over time, while left-sided patients didn't differ from healthy controls.From the early course of the disease, the existence of different clinical phenotypes is proposed, associated to emerging evidences of distinct pathological pathways and a left-hemispheric vulnerability for cognitive decline.

Among the long-COVID symptoms, neuropsychological sequelae are frequent after an infection by SARS-CoV-2, whatever the severity of the respiratory disease in the acute phase. These deficits seem to result from a neurological disorder, but also from psychiatric symptoms. Not only inflammatory components, which can play a major role in the genesis of the neuropsychological sequelae, but also the hypotheses of vascular systemic lesions, the neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2, or the effect of the stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) are suggested. Psychiatric complications due to SSARS-CoV-2 infection would partly explain these neuropsychological sequelae.Parmi les symptômes de Covid long, les séquelles neuropsychologiques sont fréquentes dans les suites d’une infection par le SARS-CoV-2, et ce quel que soit le degré de sévérité de l’atteinte respiratoire en phase aiguë. Ces déficits semblent résulter d’une atteinte neurologique, mais aussi de l’installation de troubles psychiatriques. En plus de l’inflammation, qui joue un rôle majeur dans la genèse des séquelles neuropsychologiques, les hypothèses de lésions endothéliales systémiques, de l’existence d’un neurotropisme du SARS-CoV-2, de même que de celles de l’effet du stress et de la mise en jeu de l’axe hypothalamo-hypophysaire-surrénalien, sont proposées. Les complications psychiatriques de l’infection par le SARS-CoV-2 semblent, quant à elles, n’expliquer qu’une partie des séquelles neuropsychologiques.

L’etude des consequences affectives de la stimulation cerebrale profonde du noyau sous-thalamique dans la maladie de Parkinson fournit un modele unique pour etudier les substrats neuronaux sous-tendant les processus emotionnels chez l’Homme. En effet, un nombre croissant de travaux met en evidence la presence de troubles emotionnels suite a la stimulation cerebrale profonde du noyau sous-thalamique, traitement neurochirurgical qui constitue une avancee therapeutique, notamment pour les patients parkinsoniens lourdement handicapes. Dans ce contexte, apres avoir defini la notion de processus emotionnels selon une perspective multicomponentielle, l’objectif de la presente revue va consister a fournir un synopsis des etudes ayant investigue les capacites de traitement des emotions dans la maladie de Parkinson apres stimulation cerebrale profonde du noyau sous-thalamique. Cette revue permet de conclure que plusieurs composantes emotionnelles seraient perturbees apres stimulation cerebrale profonde du noyau sous-thalamique dans la maladie de Parkinson : le sentiment subjectif, l’activation neurophysiologique, et l’expression motrice. Nous discuterons ensuite des roles fonctionnels des circuits striato-thalamo-corticaux et du noyau sous-thalamique dans le traitement des emotions chez l’Homme. Il semble en effet raisonnable de proposer que les circuits striato-thalamo-corticaux sont impliques dans le traitement des emotions et que le noyau sous-thalamique joue un role central dans ces processus.

Altered awareness of neuropsychological disorders (i.e., anosognosia) is a striking symptom of post-COVID-19 syndrome. Some leukocytes markers in the acute phase might predict the presence of anosognosia in the chronic phase, but they have not been identified yet. This study aims to determine whether patients with anosognosia for their memory deficits in the chronic phase present specific leukocytes distribution in the acute phase, and if so, whether these leukocytes parameters could predict this anosognosia. First, we compare the acute immunological data of the leukocytes distribution of 20 patients infected with SARS-Cov-2 who displayed anosognosia 69 months after SARS-Cov-2 infection (230.25 ± 46.65 days) versus 41 patients infected with SARS-Cov-2 without developing anosognosia. Second, we performed a ROC analysis to evaluate the predictive value of the leukocytes markers that emerged from this comparison. Blood circulating monocytes (%) at the acute phase of SARS-CoV2 infection is associated with long term post-COVID-19 anosognosia. Finally, serology on admission showing a percentage rate of monocytes of 7.35% of the total number of leukocytes, seems to predict the presence of chronic anosognosia for 6–9 months after infection.