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Studies showed that Brazilian Amazon indigenous territories (Its) are efficient models for preserving forests by reducing deforestation, fires, and related carbon emissions. Here, we used official remote sensing datasets to analyze deforestation inside and outside indigenous territories within Brazil's Amazon biome in the 2013-2021 period. We found that deforestation has increased by 129% inside ITs since 2013, followed by an increase in illegal mining areas. In the 2019-2021 period, deforestation was 195% higher and 30% further from the borders towards the interior of indigenous territories than in previous years (2013-2018). Furthermore, about 59% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions within ITs in the 2013-2021 period (96 million tons) occurred in the last three years of analyzed years, revealing the magnitude of increasing deforestation to climate impacts. Therefore, curbing deforestation in indigenous territories must be a priority for the Brazilian government to secure these peoples' land rights, ensure the forests' protection and regulate the global climate.

A recent proposal to regulate mining within Indigenous Lands (ILs) threatens people and the unique ecosystems of Brazil's Legal Amazon. Here, we show that this new policy could eventually affect more than 863,000 km2 of tropical forests—20% more than under current policies—assuming all known mineral deposits will be developed and impacts of mining on forests extend 70 km from lease boundaries. Not only are these forests home to some of the world's most culturally diverse communities, they also provide at least US $5 billion each year to the global economy, producing food, mitigating carbon emissions, and regulating climate for agriculture and energy production. It is unclear whether new mines within ILs will be required to compensate for their direct and indirect environmental and social impacts but failing to do so will have considerable environmental and social consequences., Graphical Abstract, Highlights • Mining within Indigenous Lands may impact 20% more forests than the current scenario • Proposed bill could affect forests providing at least $5 billion in ecosystem services annually • Impact assessments must comply with best practices to safeguard ecosystems and people, Science for Society In February 2020, Brazilian President Bolsonaro signed a bill (PL 191/2020) that would permit mining inside Indigenous Lands, a unique category of protected area covering 23% of the Legal Amazon. In this study, we assess the potential impacts of this proposed legislation. We find that this proposal threatens 863,000 km2 of Amazon forests. These forests are home to 222 culturally unique indigenous groups and provide more than US $5 billion annually to society. The social and environmental impacts caused by new mines will unlikely be mitigated given the lack of environmental requirements and safeguards to indigenous rights in the current proposal. This policy could have long-lasting negative effects for Brazil's socio-biodiversity., The impacts of proposed legislation to allow mining within Indigenous Lands in the Brazilian Amazon could affect a large extent of forests—up to 20% more than the potentially affected area under current trends of mining expansion. These forests are home to 222 culturally unique indigenous groups, and it is estimated to provide more than US $5 billion annually in benefits for society; their loss will impact Brazil's socio-biodiversity.

Political pressure to expand mining to protected areas in near-pristine regions urges strategic-level anticipation of the impacts of infrastructure provision necessary to support mining development. Undeveloped niobium deposits in Northwestern Amazon were broadcasted as of primary interest of Brazilian politicians, what called attention to the risks to ecosystem conservation and indigenous people in this key biodiversity area. Given this current threat, we investigated different scenarios of mining expansion in the region and found that it would entail significant cumulative forest loss, affecting biodiversity and ecosystem services. If conciliation of niobium exploitation and conservation is possible, it would require strengthening the assessment of cumulative impacts under the current environmental impact assessment process by: (i) providing terms of reference with straightforward requirements and criteria; (ii) produce a public database and standardize procedures for data acquisition; (iii) use and development of retrospective and prospective investigative protocols. These ingredients are lacking in the current political trend of weakening environmental legislation and governance, therefore Amazon niobium should be kept in the ground.

Mining entails cumulative impacts on forests not only by directly clearing land for minerals facilities construction, but also by building associated infrastructure, such as transmission lines, access roads, railways, pipelines, and terminals to transport ore, as well as attracting workforce and expanding urban areas. The impacts extend far from the leases, causing landscape-wide consequences. Proposals to expand mining in the Brazilian Amazon, including initiatives of protected areas downgrading, downsizing and degazettement (PADDD), have been discussed given the importance of the potentially affected ecosystems and their relevance for biodiversity conservation. This thesis aims at investigating the cumulative impacts of mining and associated infrastructure on forests and testing the influence of protected areas on these impacts in the Brazilian Amazon. As results, it was found that these impacts were investigated by analyzing historic land use and cover changes and calibrating a cellular automata model to simulate scenarios of PADDD in regions under pressure for development. The interplay of land use and land cover changes leading to cumulative impacts varied according to the associated industry and infrastructure required for the mining operation. Not only the extent of the cumulative impacts is relevant, but further effects in the landscape, such as habitat fragmentation. The affected forests protect unique ecosystems and provide benefits for communities at the local, regional, and global scale, evidencing the need to comprehensively assessing the long-lasting and difficult to mitigate impacts in mineral-rich areas. This research unfolded five main recommendations for addressing cumulative impacts on forests in mining regions: (i) spatial boundaries determination should tackle the dynamic of land use and land cover change across the landscape; (ii) temporal boundaries should undertake rates of changes influencing interaction and accumulation of impacts; (iii) causal relation of impacts should take into account the importance of roads as source for impacts and further effects of forest loss on biodiversity and ecosystem services; (iv) the impact evaluation should properly consider the relevance of direct and indirect impacts; (v) protecting the landscape and optimizing roads design are opportunities for impacts mitigation. Neglecting the cumulative impacts on forests in mining regions would perversely affect ecosystems and the services they provide. A mineração causa impactos cumulativos nas florestas não apenas pelo desmatamento direto da construção de suas instalações, mas também por meio da construção de infraestrutura associada, como linhas de transmissão, estradas de acesso, estradas de ferro, atraindo mão de obra e expandindo núcleos urbanos. Esses impactos se estendem para além das concessões de lavra, causando consequências em toda paisagem. Propostas para expansão da mineração na Amazonia brasileira, que incluem iniciativas de redução, recategorização e extinção de unidades de conservação (PADDD em inglês), têm sido discutidas dada a importância dos ecossistemas a serem afetadas e sua relevância para conservação da biodiversidade. Esta tese tem como objetivo investigar os impactos cumulativos da mineração e infraestrutura associada nas florestas e testar a influência das áreas protegidas nesses impactos na Amazônia brasileira. Impactos cumulativos da mineração nas florestas foram investigados por meio da análise histórica de mudanças de uso e cobertura da terra e calibração de modelo de autômatos celulares para simular diferentes cenários de PADDD em áreas sob pressão para desenvolvimento de projetos de mineração. Como resultados, evidenciou-se que as mudanças de uso e cobertura da terra que desencadeiam impactos cumulativos podem variar de acordo com a indústria relacionada e infraestrutura necessária para implantação e operação do projeto, causando alterações na paisagem como a fragmentação de habitats. As florestas a serem afetadas protegem ecossistemas únicos que provêm diversos benefícios para as comunidades em escala local, regional e global, evidenciando a necessidade de se avaliar de forma abrangente os impactos resultantes do desenvolvimento mineral em regiões com alta biodiversidade. Essa pesquisa propõe cinco principais recomendações para avaliação dos impactos cumulativos nas florestas em áreas de mineração: (i) a determinação dos limites espaciais deve considerar a dinâmica do uso da terra em toda a paisagem; (ii) os limites temporais devem contabilizar taxas de mudanças que influenciam na interação e nos processos de cumulatividade dos impactos; (iii) a relação causal dos impactos deve considerar a importância das estradas como fonte de impactos bem como demais efeitos da perda de floresta sobre a biodiversidade e os serviços ecossistêmicos; (iv) a avaliação da importância dos impactos deve considerar adequadamente a relevância dos impactos diretos e indiretos; (v) impactos cumulativos nas florestas podem ser mitigados por meio da proteção da paisagem e otimização do desenho de estradas. Negligenciar impactos cumulativos sobre as florestas em regiões de mineração afetaria permanentemente os ecossistemas e os serviços que eles provêm.

Small hydropower plants (SHPs) are rapidly sprawling, both globally and across the Amazon's free flowing rivers, threatening provision of ecosystem services, river connectivity, biodiversity conservation, and the livelihoods of indigenous and traditional communities. In Brazil, cumulative impacts of SHPs have been largely neglected in planning and policy instruments. In this perspective article, we highlight current policy challenges and options for assessing the impacts of small hydroelectric plants in the Amazon, which deserve more attention in both academic research and public policies. We review environmental licensing of seven small and one large dam in the Cupari river, a Tapajos tributary, which is being challenged in Federal Courts based on inadequate cumulative impact assessment. We argue for the need of adopting good practices in cross-scale environmental assessment when applying existing or new policy instruments, including: the adoption of Strategic Environmental Assessment in planning for hydropower expansion taking into consideration other plans, programs and policies at regional and Amazon-wide scales; developing integrated environmental assessments considering inventoried SHPs and large hydropower plants; using scientific evidence and technological tools in planning and siting of SHPs; complying with policies that protect human and environmental rights; and strengthening intersectoral dialogue and multi-stakeholder forums and committees.

The current challenge of promoting the sustainable provision of social housing for the global population requires an integrated evaluation of the infrastructure and service availability across a territory. Few applications are recognized for supporting social housing plans with spatial information, especially regarding the ability to provide room for new initiatives. The aim of this research is to propose a Social Housing Index (SHI) for integrating and quantifying urban spatial socio-environmental information to support social housing plans. To this end, data about land use and sectoral activities are integrated using a standardizing methodological framework. The SHI supports studies on location alternatives for new housing projects and the availability of infrastructure and services for the implemented housing complexes. The proposed index also harmonizes the development of housing plans by making different demands compatible for supporting urban sustainability.

Developing conservation strategies to mitigate cumulative impacts requires the understanding of historic land use and land cover changes at the regional scale. By using a multisensory and multitemporal approach, we identified the major changes driving cumulative impacts on native vegetation in northeastern Amazon. Comparing two regions, one with mining as the key driver and another where mining is associated with other industrial activities (cellulose), we explore the land use and land cover historic dynamics and derive implications for the assessment of cumulative impacts. Transitions of forest cover to pastureland, silviculture, and urban expansion were mapped in detail over a 20-year period, revealing that silviculture growth cleared more forests than pastureland expansion when associated with pulp mill activities and kaolin mining. In contrast, in a region with gold and iron mining, pastureland expansion was more relevant, clearing mainly areas surrounding new roads. This research shows that the interplay of major mining and industrial investments can produce cumulative losses of native vegetation, depending on the associated industries and infrastructure required for the project development. Our findings emphasize that the definition of spatial and temporal boundaries for the assessment of cumulative impacts must consider different trends in impact accumulation and changes in their spatial distribution over time.

Increased prices and political pressure are boosting illegal gold mining in the Brazilian Amazon, threatening forests, indigenous people, and conservation of biodiversity in protected areas. The rate of illegal mining deforestation increased more than 90% from 2017 to 2020, reaching 101.7 km2 annually in 2020 compared to 52.9 km2 annually in 2017. In that period, illegal mining deforestation rate grew more than the rate of clearing within mining leases. While formal mining is required to comply with environmental regulations, most small-scale or artisanal mining and especially illegal mining areas are abandoned after reserves are exhausted, without proper rehabilitation. Deforestation due to illegal mining is likely to increase in the next years, calling for coordination between local and regional policies as well as for strengthening and expanding international mechanisms to increase traceability of mineral supply chains with certification schemes to help to curb illegal mining.

Recent public policies in developing countries have emerged to address challenges of delivering water-related ecosystem services in urban areas. Some initiatives, such as the Brazilian Plan for Adaptation to Climate Change (BPACC) highlights sustainable urban drainage as a key strategy for promoting sustainable cities, including ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) measures. Despite the importance of these national guidelines, little is known about how the recommendations are incorporated and the provision of ecosystem services are perceived in local initiatives. We aim to explore stakeholders’ perception of ecosystem services in relation to public urban programs for improving the local environment through EbA measures. For this, we studied a stream revitalization project in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, as an emblematic case by integrating three public programs: re-urbanization of irregular settlements, implementation of linear parks and cleansing of urban streams. Our methods involved literature review, documentary data, field surveys and semi-structured interviews with local populations, public agents, and NGOs. Despite some positive results of supplying ecosystem services, we recommend that local programs expand the scope of EbA measures based on BPACC guidelines, strengthen the specific objectives of the three individual public programs and better manage public resources, especially in the context of promoting resilient cities in developing countries. At the same time, local programs can teach lessons and show opportunities for improving national guidelines on climate change adaptation.

Infrastructure projects and agriculture expansion are increasingly threatening forest conservation in Pará state (Brazil). It becomes necessary to address the implications of these activities on the Amazon complex socio-ecological system, considering both material and non-material aspects of Nature´s Contributions to People (NCP). Multiple studies developed future scenarios for the Amazon, but only a few have focused on discussing positive futures derived from policies and interventions based on conservation and human well-being. Here, we aim at understanding the drivers of forest cover change to produce positive scenarios for the future of the Amazon forest in Pará state. By using the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) conceptual framework, we identified as direct drivers of forest cover change: (i) roads construction; (ii) forest degradation; (iii) hydropower projects; (iv) urban expansion; (v) agriculture and pasture expansion; (vi) rural land occupation; (vii) mining; (viii) climate change. As indirect drivers we identified: (i) energy demand; (ii) population growth; (iii) land prices; (iv) commodity demand; (v) consumption behavior. The development of conservation strategies in the borders of deforested areas is needed given the high demand for Nature´s Contributions to People supply. We also propose policies to address the main drivers of forest cover change, influencing land management and consumption behavior in the state. At last, we envision future positive scenarios that would emerge from policy applications and sustainable actions. Based on our study, we discuss the importance of social learning for developing pathways leading to positive futures that consider the integrity and development of both ecological and social systems. Resumo: Projetos de infraestrutura e expansão agrícola estão cada vez mais ameaçando a conservação florestal no estado do Pará (Brasil). Assim, torna-se necessário abordar as implicações dessas atividades no complexo sistema sócio ecológico da Amazônia, considerando aspectos materiais e não materiais das Contribuições da Natureza para as Pessoas (NCP).Vários estudos desenvolveram cenários para o futuro da floresta Amazônica, porém poucos foram aqueles focados em discutir futuros positivos, derivados da aplicação de políticas e de intervenções baseadas em estratégias de conservação e de sustentabilidade. Neste trabalho buscamos entender os principais fatores determinantes da mudança na cobertura florestal no estado do Pará, de forma a produzir cenários positivos para o futuro da floresta amazônica nesse estado. A partir da estrutura conceitual proposta pela Plataforma Intergovernamental sobre Biodiversidade e Serviços Ecossistêmicos (IPBES) identificamos as principais pressões diretas e indiretas que influenciam na perda de floresta no estado, e os articulamos em um modelo conceitual. As pressões diretas identificadas foram: (i) construção de estradas; (ii) degradação florestal; (iii) projetos para construção de hidrelétricas; (iv) expansão urbana; (v) expansão da agricultura e da pecuária; (vi) ocupação de terras rurais; (vii) mineração; (viii) mudanças climáticas. As pressões indiretas identificadas foram: (i) demanda por energia; (ii) crescimento populacional; (iii) preços da terra; (iv) demanda por commodities; (v) hábitos de consumo. Assim, evidenciamos a importância do desenvolvimento de estratégias de conservação nas áreas de fronteiras de desmatamento devido à alta demanda e oferta por Contribuições da Natureza para as Pessoas (NCPs). Foram propostas políticas para influenciar mudança no gerenciamento da terra e nos hábitos de consumo de forma a abordar os principais fatores de mudança da cobertura florestal no estado. Por fim, nós construímos cenários futuros positivos que emergiriam da aplicação de políticas e ações voltadas para sustentabilidade da natureza e dos serviços ecossistêmicos. Com base em nossa avaliação, enfatizamos a importância do aprendizado social para que possam ser discutidos os caminhos que levam a futuros positivos, que consideram a integridade e o desenvolvimento tanto dos sistemas sociais quanto dos sistemas ecológicos..

In the practice of urban and environmental planning, especially in the context of adaptation to environmental changes, there is a demand for studies that integrate social, economic and environmental information of the population and related risk. Particularly in large urban centers, waterproofing and verticalization have the potential to increase local air temperature, triggering the phenomenon of heat islands. Therefore, this phenomenon has side effects such as public health problems, pollution and changes in the air circulation. In view of the risks and consequences of the urban heat islands, this paper aims to analyze the priority areas for implementing measures to mitigate the effects of the urban heat islands phenomenon in São Paulo City (Brazil). A vulnerability index was proposed considering the social and environmental dimensions, relating the capacity of adaptation, sensitivity and exposure to the occurrence of the phenomenon of urban heat islands. Besides that, measures to mitigate the effects associated with heat islands in urban planning were identified. The central regions are critical for exposure and the outskirts, for adaptive capacity and sensitivity, both considered priorities for the implementation of mitigation measures. In addition, strategies such as implementation and conservation of green spaces, preservation of water bodies, urban design change, as well as use of materials with high reflectance are also listed and partially foreseen in the Municipal Strategic Master Plan to mitigate the effects of urban heat island.

In the practice of urban and environmental planning, especially in the context of adaptation to environmental changes, there is a demand for studies that integrate social, economic and environmental information of the population and related risk. Particularly in large urban centers, waterproofing and verticalization have the potential to increase local air temperature, triggering the phenomenon of heat islands. Therefore, this phenomenon has side effects such as public health problems, pollution and changes in the air circulation. In view of the risks and consequences of the urban heat islands, this paper aims to analyze the priority areas for implementing measures to mitigate the effects of the urban heat islands phenomenon in Sao Paulo City (Brazil). A vulnerability index was proposed considering the social and environmental dimensions, relating the capacity of adaptation, sensitivity and exposure to the occurrence of the phenomenon of urban heat islands. Besides that, measures to mitigate the effects associated with heat islands in urban planning were identified. The central regions are critical for exposure and the outskirts, for adaptive capacity and sensitivity, both considered priorities for the implementation of mitigation measures. In addition, strategies such as implementation and conservation of green spaces, preservation of water bodies, urban design change, as well as use of materials with high reflectance are also listed and partially foreseen in the Municipal Strategic Master Plan to mitigate the effects of urban heat island.

Practitioners play a key role in implementing environmental impact assessment (EIA) policies. Gauging their perception can help in designing legislation or regulation reforms and signals what needs more attention in research. The Brazilian EIA system is under review by lawmakers, but there is scant information about the views of professionals. A survey was conducted to inquiry on practitioners’ perception of the Brazilian EIA system regarding: (1) quality of the process, (2) quality of the environmental impact studies (EIS), and (3) proposals to change the system. Four hundred and fourteen professionals participated in an online survey responding to 44 questions. Results show positive perceptions about some aspects of current practice, but there is a clear predominance of negative appraisal both about the quality of the process and the quality of EIS. The poorest practices are the consideration of cumulative impacts and determination of impact significance. As for proposals to change the system, r...

Mining is a significant driver of deforestation. Not only do mines clear native forests for mineral extraction, they also often establish new infrastructure, which indirectly facilitates new access to land and further clearing. Forest loss and fragmentation have serious effects on biodiversity, yet rarely are these cumulative impacts of mining studied at the regional scale. Here, we examine potential impacts of mining in a biodiverse region of the Brazilian Amazon. The National Reserve of Copper and Associates (“Renca”) is currently off limits to mining activities but was recently threatened with a move to permit mineral exploration. We analyzed historic forest loss and fragmentation within two mining regions neighboring Renca. We also investigated historic deforestation trajectories within Renca's protected areas, to determine how well conserved these forests are against current threats. We found that mining, and other infrastructure associated with mines (i.e. roads), caused significant forest loss and fragmentation within neighboring mining sectors, and that Renca's protected areas are not currently immune to forest loss. Permitting new mines within and surrounding Renca will place additional pressure on its biodiversity. If mineral development is to proceed, huge regulatory changes will be required to effectively manage negative impacts on forests and biodiversity. Environmental Impact Assessments for new mining projects must assess and mitigate the cumulative region-wide effects on forests, while existing protected areas must be strengthened to ensure they are not directly or indirectly compromised by mining activities.

Biodiversity offsets are increasingly required as a condition to develop new projects in the context of the mitigation hierarchy. There is widespread understanding that conservation and restoration measures are necessary to maintain the supply of ecosystem services, but the relationship between biodiversity offsets and ecosystem services affected by development projects is still poorly understood. The extent to which biodiversity offsets can compensate for impacts on priority ecosystem services is analysed for a large iron ore mining project in Southeast Brazil. Evidence obtained from reviewing offsets and mitigation measures implemented as part of environmental impact assessment shows that specific ecosystem services-oriented offset strategies are necessary and that mitigation devoted to other impacts - especially on water - have potential to address impacts on ecosystem services. Actions such as conducting an ex ante ecosystem services review, integrating biodiversity with social mitigation measures and stakeholder engagement are necessary to simultaneously offset impacts on biodiversity and on priority ecosystem services.

The need of providing social housing for a growing urban population triggers government action in several countries. Considering that these initiatives can cause significant environmental and social impacts, the potential contribution of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) to address such challenges is investigated. By reviewing the documents of the major Brazilian housing plan named “My House My Life” and building on the literature, a framework to mainstream environmental and social considerations is proposed. The potential outcomes of its application are outlined as recommendations for both housing planning and project development. The results show that SEA systematic, comprehensive and flexible approach can contribute to inform and influence decision-making about initiatives to reduce housing shortage by: (i) fostering sustainability-oriented related strategic actions, such as the promotion of clean energy and sustainable materials industries and the creation of corresponding jobs; (ii) identifying and assessing alternatives for achieving the strategic goal of providing affordable housing, defining an adequate mix of means to reduce shortage, such as social rent and incentives for using the existing stock, especially in inner cities, and; (iii) identifying risks to achieve the strategic goal, such as economic constraints for delivering social houses with sustainable materials and management of the land and housing stock.

Transportation systems can be conceptualized as an instrument of connecting people and their activities over the territory, playing an important role in developing sustainable cities. The current rationale of transport provision is based on population demand and rarely considers the potential of minimizing spatial disparities and uneven distribution of services. To meet the challenge of supporting a more equitable resources distribution, this work aims at identifying and describing patterns of urban services supply, their accessibility, and household income. By using a multidimensional approach, the spatial inequalities of a large city of the global south reveal that the low-income population has low access mainly to hospitals and cultural centers. A low-income group presents an intermediate level of accessibility to public schools and sports centers, evidencing the diverse condition of citizens in the peripheries. These complex outcomes generated by the interaction of land use and public transportation emphasize the importance of comprehensive methodological approaches to support decisions of urban projects, plans and programs. Reducing spatial inequalities, especially providing services for deprived groups, is fundamental to promote the sustainable use of resources and optimize the daily commuting.

Part of the literature of transportation planning understand transportation infrastructure as a mean of distributing people and opportunities across the territory. Therefore, the spatial inequalities become a relevant issue in transportation and land use planning. To meet the challenge of evaluating the heterogeneity of transportation provision and land use in the urban environment, this work aims at identifying and describing patterns hidden the distribution of accessibility to different urban facilities and socioeconomic information using Machine Learning (ML) techniques to inform the decision making of transportation plans. To feature the current consideration of spatial inequalities measures in the practice of transportation planning in Brazil, nine mobility plans were reviewed. For investigating the potentialities and restrictions of ML application, unsupervised and supervised analysis of income and accessibility indicators to health, education and leisure were performed. The data of the São Paulo municipality from the years of 2000 and 2010 was explored. The analyzed plans do not present measures for evaluating spatial inequalities. It is possible to identify that the low-income population has low accessibility to all facilities, especially, hospital and cultural centers. The east zone of the city presents a low-income group with intermediate level to public schools and sports centers, revealing the heterogeneity in regions out of the city center. Finally, a framework is proposed to incorporate spatial inequalities by using ML techniques in transportation plans. Parte da literatura de planejamento de transportes conceitua a infraestrutura de transportes como uma forma de distribuir pessoas e oportunidades no território. Portanto, as desigualdades espaciais tornaram-se uma questão relevante a ser endereçada no planejamento de transportes e uso do solo. De maneira a contribuir com o desafio de avaliar desigualdades e sua heterogeneidade no ambiente urbano, esse trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e descrever padrões existentes na distribuição acessibilidade a diferentes equipamentos urbanos e dados socioeconômicos por meio de técnicas de Aprendizagem de Máquina (AM) para informar a tomada de decisão em planos de transportes. De forma a caracterizar a atual consideração de métricas de desigualdades espaciais na prática do planejamento de transportes no Brasil, nove planos de mobilidade foram revisados. Para investigar as potencialidades e restrições da aplicação de AM, análises supervisionadas e não supervisionadas de indicadores de renda e acessibilidade a saúde, educação e lazer foram realizadas. Os dados do município de São Paulo dos anos de 2000 e 2010 foram explorados. Os Planos de Mobilidade analisados não apresentam medidas para avaliação de desigualdades espaciais. Além disso, é possível identificar que a população de baixa renda tem baixa acessibilidade a todos os equipamentos urbanos, especialmente hospitais e centros culturais. A zona leste da cidade apresenta um grupo de baixa renda com nível intermediário de acessibilidade a escolas públicas e centros esportivos, evidenciando a heterogeneidade nas regiões periféricas da cidade. Finalmente, um quadro de referência é proposto para incorporação de técnicas de AM no planejamento de transportes.