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Introduction: The use of ultrasound protocols has revolutionized care in emergency medicine and can help in the diagnosis of respiratory failure in emergency care; therefore, medical training for the use of these protocols has become important. It has also been demonstrated that medical smartphone apps have positive results in daily practice, in addition to being a potentially valuable educational tool. Objective: Thus, the objective was to develop an emergency pulmonary ultrasound application. The “BLUE SIM” is a cell phone application that simulates clinical cases using the “Bedside Lung Ultrasound in Emergency” protocol, which can help students and health professionals regarding the use of pulmonary ultrasound in the care of acute respiratory failure. The hypothesis is that the “BLUE SIM” will be a usable and acceptable application among users. Method: After the development, the application was evaluated with a group of 36 volunteers, which included 18 physical therapists and 18 other professionals consisting of physicians, nurses and medical students. The usability and usefulness of a mobile application for the iOS system was analyzed, using the System Utility Score (SUS) usability scale and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as references. The obtained data were tabulated and analyzed using Fisher’s exact test or Mann-Whitney test. Result: When applying the SUS questionnaire (usability), the application obtained a score of 76.8%. A score of 75% was obtained exclusively among physical therapists, with no statistical difference between the general group of all emergency professionals and the group of physical therapists only (p=0.239). According to the usefulness perception analysis, 93.9% of the emergency professionals had a positive response, while a score of 88.9% was obtained among physical therapists (p=0.04). Conclusion: It was concluded that the developed application was classified as useful in learning the diagnosis of respiratory failure among health professionals; however, they considered that training is necessary for its use.

Bacterial biofilms play a key role in the pathogenesis of major oral diseases. Nanoparticles open new paths for drug delivery in complex structures such as biofilms. This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of zein nanoparticles containing anacardic acid (AA) extracted from cashew shells of Anacardium occidentale on in vitro Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and mature biofilms. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bacterial concentration (MBC), and antibiofilm assays were performed. Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilms were formed on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite disk for 5 days. To evaluate the preventive effect on biofilm formation, before contact with the inoculum, the disks were immersed once for 2 min in (1) hydroethanolic solution; (2) blank zein nanoparticles; (3) zein nanoparticles containing AA; and (4) 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate. To determine the effect against mature biofilms, the disks containing 5-day preformed biofilms were further treated using the same procedure. The bacterial viability and dry weight were determined for both assays and used to compare the groups using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (p

Background: Vascular cerebral infarction (or stroke) is recognized as the third leading cause of death worldwide, and acute arterial occlusion comprises the main mechanism underlying ischemic stroke. Cerebrovascular diseases are treated by intracranial endovascular interventions employing minimally invasive intravascular techniques, such as neuroimaging. Conducting practical training in this area is a necessary task since patient safety is a considerably significant factor. There has been a steady increase in scientific research focused on validating endovascular simulation as a tool for training interventionists in endovascular procedures. Current literature confirms the idea that there is a beneficial role of simulation in endovascular training and skill acquisition and technique improvement. Objective: To develop an endovascular technique simulator for learning Neuroradiology. Methods: The methodology consisted of developing a simulator using 3D printing technology. Results: A literature search was carried out, commencing in August 2017, through consultation of the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) databases, using the PubMed and BIREME websites, respectively. Meetings were held between the neuroradiologist specialist and programmers to develop the simulator, which was carried out in three phases: design of the arterial system, design of the prototype of the arterial system in computer graphics, and confection of the arterial system simulator in 3D. Conclusion: The simulator is ready for testing by residents and can enable the student to learn through simulations that reproduce, as realistically as possible, the situation to be subsequently experienced using a concrete tool. RESUMO Introdução: O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) é a terceira causa de morte em todo o mundo e uma oclusão arterial aguda é o principal mecanismo subjacente ao AVC isquêmico. As doenças cerebrovasculares são tratadas por intervenções endovasculares intracranianas utilizando técnicas intravasculares minimamente invasivas, como a neuroimagem. Realizar treinamento prático nessa área é uma tarefa necessária, pois a segurança do paciente é um fator considerado significativo. Houve um aumento constante de pesquisas científicas focada na validação da simulação endovascular como uma ferramenta para treinar intervencionistas em procedimentos endovasculares. A literatura atual confirma a ideia de que existe um papel benéfico da simulação no treinamento endovascular e na aquisição de habilidades e aprimoramento da técnica. Objetivo: Desenvolver um simulador de técnica endovascular para o aprendizado de Neurorradiologia. Métodos: Desenvolvimento de um simulador utilizando a tecnologia de impressão em 3D. Resultados: Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica da literatura, tendo início em Agosto de 2017, com consulta feita ao banco de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System on Line (MEDLINE) e Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), por meio respectivamente dos sites PubMed e BIREME. Foram realizadas reuniões entre o especialista em Neurorradiologia e os programadores para desenvolver o simulador, que foi realizado em três fases: desenho do sistema arterial, desenho do protótipo do sistema arterial em computação gráfica e confecção do simulador do sistema arterial em 3D. Conclusão: O simulador está pronto para ser testado por residentes, podendo possibilitar ao aluno aprender por simulações que reproduzem, da forma mais realista possível, a situação a ser vivenciada posteriormente usando uma ferramenta concreta.

Emerging data have suggested that acid erosion has become an increasing clinical problem in pediatric dentistry. This study aimed to investigate the abrasive effects of two commercial toothpastes on primary enamel eroded by orange juice using an in vitro model. Thirty enamel slabs were obtained from primary teeth and then randomly assigned to three groups (n = 8) comprising two different toothpastes: G1-control-distilled water; G2-Dentifrice A (containing no fluoride); and G3-Dentifrice B (1.100 ppmF–NaF). Each slab had one half protected to provide a control side, and the other one was subjected to treatments. The slabs were submitted to daily erosive challenges (3×/day, 2 min) in concentrated orange juice (pH 3.38) associated with abrasive challenges using a tooth-brushing machine (150 brush movements for each cycle). During the experimental period, the slabs were kept in 37 °C artificial saliva, and the experiment was carried out for 5 days. The depths of the resulting eroded areas were measured by stylus profilometry. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Tukey–Kramer test (α = 5%). Tooth loss (µm, mean ± SD) was 2.46 ± 1.18 for G1, 3.32 ± 2.12 for G2 and 2.14 ± 1.03 for G3. Therefore, the NaF dentifrice (Dentifrice B) produced significantly less mineral loss (p = 0.04) than dentifrice A. The findings suggest that fluoride toothpaste could protect primary enamel against erosion.

Background: Dental caries comprises the most prevalent chronic disease in children worldwide and is considered a public health problem. Introduction: Few educational oral health applicatio...

Background: Medical smartphone applications have rendered positive results in daily practice and also serve as potentially valuable educational tools. In orthopedics, radiograph analysis and angle ...

Conducting research in the field of forensic sciences with methodologies that simulate situations found in the day-to-day practice of a given field of expertise is relevant insofar as this approach can produce results that are as close as possible to reality. In this context, the present study provided situations based on burial in a mangrove environment to estimate the changes in the mechanical properties (Knoop microhardness, roughness and color) of dental restorations utilizing silver amalgam, composite resin and glass ionomer cement over the time of burial. The silver amalgam showed a significant increase in surface roughness and a reduction in Knoop microhardness. Composite resin showed a statistically significant increase in color variation, and the glass ionomer cement showed significant increases in color variation and Knoop microhardness. These results allowed us to conclude that teeth restored with silver amalgam, composite resin and glass ionomer cement submitted to burial in mangrove environments produce different changes in surface roughness, Knoop microhardness and color properties depending on the time of burial to which the victims were submitted. These proprieties could help the forensic sciences to estimate time intervals for burial in mangrove environments.

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência de bebida corantes e ácidas na estabilidade de cor do esmalte clareado com peróxido de hidrogênio à 35%. Métodos: Vinte terceiros molares foram seccionados para obter fragmentos de 4x4mm e polidos com lixas de granulação 320, 400, 600 e 1200. Os espécimes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 6 grupos (n=6), de acordo com as bebidas: água destilada, refrigerante à base de cola, vinho tinto, açaí, café e cerveja escura. A cor de cada amostra foi avaliada com um espectrofotômetro em 3 momentos: antes do clareamento (baseline), após o clareamento com peróxido de hidrogênio a 35 %, durante 45 minutos, e após a imersão em bebidas corantes. A medição das cores foi baseada na escala CIE L*a*b*. Os dados foram analisados ​​com ANOVA e Kruskal-Wallis, as comparações pós-hoc foram testadas como teste de Student-Newman-Keuls e o nível de significância foi de p0,05). Conclusão: Refrigerantes à base de cola, vinho tinto, suco de açaí, café e cerveja escura interferem na estabilidade da cor do esmalte clareado com peróxido de hidrogênio a 35%.

This research explored the potential of Camellia sinensis-derived teas and active compounds to be used as treatments to prevent dentin wear. Human root dentin slabs were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 10) as follows: distilled water (DW, control), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), theaflavin gallate derivatives (TF), commercial green tea (GT), and commercial black tea (BT). The samples were submitted to a pellicle formation and an erosive cycling model (5x/day, demineralization using 0.01 M hydrochloric acid/60 s) followed by remineralization (human stimulated saliva/60 min) for three days. The samples were treated for 5 min using the test group solutions between the erosive cycles. Dentin changes were assessed with profilometry analysis and FT-Raman spectroscopy. The data regarding wear were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). EGCG, TF derivatives, and both regular teas significantly suppressed erosive dentin loss (38–47%, p < 0.05). No obvious changes in the Raman spectra were detected in the specimens; however, the DW group had a minor relationship of 2880/2940 cm−1. The phenolic contents in both green and black tea and the important catechins appear to have protective effects on dentin loss.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of erbium-doped: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser parameters and different degrees of demineralization on morphological features, diameter, and depth of prepared cavities.Minimally invasive dentin caries removal has been recommended. Ablation of deep caries lesions using Er:YAG laser should preserve remaining demineralized dentin; however, the influence of the degree of mineralization of this substrate had not been entirely described.A randomized, factorial design was used to study the effects of two factors. Laser parameter was tested at two levels (250 mJ/4 Hz vs. 200 mJ/2 Hz) and degree of demineralization was tested at four levels (control, two-four-eight cycles). Twelve slabs of human dentin were divided into four groups according to the number of cycles induced by pH-cycling: G1, zero cycles; G2, two cycles, G3, four cycles, and G4, eight cycles. An Er:YAG laser was used at an output energy of 250 mJ/4 Hz and 200 mJ/2 Hz for all groups, for 10 sec at 12 mm distance focus/object. Circumference and depth of the cavities were measured on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images using image analysis software. The mean values were subjected to two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests.When using 250 mJ/4 Hz, the mean values of circumferential area increased significantly in relation to control (503.54 μm(2)) with increasing demineralization level (eight cycles) (555.45 μm(2)). Regardless of the demineralization level, there was also significant statistical difference in the studied measurements of the cavities when 250 mJ/4 Hz and 200 mJ/2 Hz were used. SEM also showed that laser cavity preparations left no smear layer, and the dentinal tubules were clear.The circumferential area and depth measurements were affected by laser parameter and demineralization level (eight cycles). Energy level output represents a relevant factor for increased circumferential area and depth measurements. High demineralized artificially caries-affected dentin may also imply higher ablation. Appropriated parameter of laser pulse frequency/power density for demineralized dentin should be used for effective less-invasive caries treatment.

This study investigated the effect of phosphoric acid concentration on microshear bond strength (μSBS) of an etch-and-rinse adhesive system to demineralized irradiated enamel.Er:YAG laser irradiation may increase acid resistance of enamel; however, its use is associated with reduced bonding effectiveness.Three experimental etching agents and one bonding agent were fabricated. Enamel pretreatment was tested in two levels (bur and laser) and phosphoric acid was tested in four levels (control and at 35, 45, or 55%). Commercially available phosphoric acid and a bonding agent were used as control. Enamel samples were submitted to a pH-cycling model to induce demineralization. Half of the exposed demineralized enamel area was prepared with diamond bur and half was prepared with an Er:YAG laser (λ=2.94 μm, 300 mJ, 2 Hz). Specimens were randomly allocated to receive different acid etching concentrations and either the experimental or the commercial adhesive system. Microshear bond strength and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were determined. μSBS's data were evaluated by two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's method and Mann-Whitney test were used for ARI comparisons (α=5%).For μSBS, no significant difference among the groups was found, either for phosphoric acid concentration or surface preparation. For ARI scores, statistically higher resin retention was found for lased groups (p0.001).The increase of phosphoric acid concentration did not impair bond strength regardless of surface preparation; however, increased retention was found when demineralized enamel was prepared with laser.

The aim of this study was to determine the erosive potential of hydrogen perox- ide (HP) containing mouthwash on dentin assessed by Focus variation three-dimensional (3D) microscopy. Twenty dentin slabs were selected and randomly allocated into two groups (n 5 10): DW—Distilled water (pH 5 7.27) and HP—1.5% (pH 5 3.78). Each specimen was cyclically demineralized (4 3 60 s/day, 10 days) with HP or DW and brushed 33/day (200 g, 150 strokes— toothpaste with 1,450 ppmF as NaF). Between the challenges, the specimens were exposed to artificial saliva. Afterward, dentin loss was analyzed using focus variation 3D microscopy, and the data were submitted to unpairedt-test ( a5 0.05). Statistically significant difference was found between the mean wear rate (lm, 6SD) of HP (1.98 6 0.51) and DW (1.45 6 0.39). The results suggest that the use of HP-containing mouthwash associated to brushing may increase the risk of tissue loss and focus variation 3D microscopy may be used as a technique for quantify- ing dental wear. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:904-908, 2013. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Objectives The aim of this investigation was to give insights into the impact of carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks on the likely capacity of enamel surface dissolution and the influence of human saliva exposure as a biological protective factor. Materials and methods The pH, titratable acidity (TA) to pH 7.0, and buffer capacity (β) of common beverages ingested by patients under physical activity were analyzed. Then, we randomly distributed 50 specimens of human enamel into 5 groups. Processed and natural coconut water served as controls for testing three carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks. In all specimens, we measured surface microhardness (Knoop hardness numbers) and enamel loss (profilometry, µm) for baseline and after simulated intake cycling exposure model. We also prepared areas of specimens to be exposed to human saliva overnight prior to the simulated intake cycling exposure. The cycles were performed by alternated immersions in beverages and artificial saliva. ANOVA two-way and Tukey HDS tests were used. Results The range of pH, TA, and β were 2.85 - 4.81, 8.33 - 46.66 mM/L and 3.48 - 10.25 mM/L × pH, respectively. The highest capacity of enamel surface dissolution was found for commercially available sports drinks for all variables. Single time human saliva exposure failed to significantly promote protective effect for the acidic attack of beverages. Conclusions In this study, carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks usually consumed during endurance training may have a greater capacity of dissolution of enamel surface depending on their physicochemical proprieties associated with pH and titratable acidity.

Photo-disinfection of deep dentin caries lesions may be a useful tool for preserving tooth structure. However, increase of pulpal temperature higher than 5.5°C may put pulp vitality in danger.

The development of a method to ensure bacterial-free substrates without extensive cavity preparation would be highly useful to dentistry, since there is no currently available effective method for killing residual bacteria in dentinal tissue. This randomized in vitro study determined parameters for using toluidine blue O (TBO) with a light-emitting diode (LED) for dentine caries disinfection and monitored intrapulpal/periodontal temperatures during irradiation. Occlusal human dentine slabs were immersed in Streptococcus mutans culture for demineralization induction. Slabs were allocated to 10 groups (n = 15), which were treated with 0.1 mg ml−1 TBO with 5 min of incubation time or 0.9% NaCl solution for 5, 10 or 15 min, and submitted or not to irradiation for 5, 10 or 15 min (47, 94, and 144 J/cm2). Before and after treatments, dentine samples were analyzed with regard to S. mutans counts. In whole teeth, temperature in pulp and periodontium was measured by thermocouples during irradiation. Kruskal-Wallis/Student-Newman-Keuls, and ANOVA/Tukey test were respectively utilized to compare log reductions and temperature rises between groups. Bacterial reduction was observed when dentine was exposed to both TBO and LED at all irradiation times, as well as to LED alone for 10 and 15 min. Temperature increases lower than 2°C were observed for either pulp or periodontium. Concluding, LED combined with TBO is a safe and effective approach for dentine caries disinfection. Nevertheless, additional studies should be conducted to determine the influence of the irradiation in S. mutans viability in dentinal surface/tubules.

Context: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a flavonoid extracted from green tea that demonstrated antimicrobial activity. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of EGCG 0.5%, 1%, and 2% concentrations as an antimicrobial solution in dentin caries-like lesions induced in a bacterial-based in vitro model. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five human dentin specimens were submitted to a microbial-based caries model by immersion in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth inoculated with Streptococcus mutans UA159, for 5 days. After the demineralization period, the specimens were randomly divided into groups: Group I: 0.9% saline solution; Group II: 2% chlorhexidine digluconate; Group III: 0.5% EGCG; Group IV: 1% EGCG; and Group V: 2% EGCG. After the treatments, carious dentin samples were harvested from dentin specimens and analyzed by colony-forming unit (CFU) counts. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test. Results: Log reduction values (SD, CFU.mg-1) for Groups I–V were: 5.02 (0.16), 3.96 (0.43), 4.74 (0.26), 4.89 (0.56), and 4.91 (0.40), respectively. There was no statistical difference between the EGCG concentrations and saline solution (P > 0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistical difference between EGCG concentrations (P > 0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference between the chlorhexidine digluconate group and the other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: EGCG at the studied concentrations were not effective in eliminating S. mutans from dentin caries-like lesions.

Introduction Fluoride-containing materials have been suggested to control enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets during the treatment with fixed appliances. The improvement of their properties has been made through innovations, such as the application of nanotechnology by incorporation of nanofillers. Objective This in vitro study evaluated the capacity of fluoride releasing and enamel demineralization inhibition of fluoride-releasing nanofilled cement around orthodontic brackets using an artificial caries biofilm model. Materials and methods Forty bovine enamel discs were selected by evaluating surface microhardness and randomized into four groups (n=10): non-fluoride-releasing microfilled composite, fluoride-releasing microfilled composite, resin-modified glassionomercement (RMGI),and fluoride-releasingnanofilled composite (FN). After brackets bonding in each disc, the specimens were subjected to a cariogenic challenge through a Streptococcus mutans biofilm model. After the experimental period, the biofilm formed around the brackets was collected for fluoride analysis and the mineral loss around the brackets was determined by integrated demineralization via crosssectional microhardness measurement at 20 and 70 μ mf rom the bracket margin. Additionally, samples of each group were subjected to energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis examined under a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ANOVA followed by Tukey test were applied for fluoride concentration and mineral loss data, respectively. Results At both distances, only RMGI statistically differed from the other groups presenting the lowest demineralization, although there was a trend to a lower demineralization of enamel around brackets in FN group. Similar condition was found to fluoride concentration and EDX/SEM analysis. Conclusions Under the cariogenic exposure condition of this study, the fluoride-releasing nanofilled material had similar performance to fluoride-releasing microfilled materials. Clinical relevance The presence of nanofillers in the fluoridereleasing materials studied did not promote further benefits against caries lesion development around brackets and presented inferior demineralization inhibition than the resinmodified glass ionomer material.

The application of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (PACT) in dentistry emerged as an effective treatment in reducing microbial populations present in oral biofilms and dental caries lesions. In this context, the objectives of this work are: a) to compare the antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy using different photosensitizers and evaluate the production of singlet oxygen for each of them (chapter 1), b) to determine the penetration degree of toluidine blue ortho dye (TBO) in in vitro and in situ demineralized dentin using confocal Raman microspectroscopy (chapter 2), c) to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy and its ability to alter the expression of genes gtfB, gtfC, gbpB and luxS in Streptococcus mutans oral biofilms formed in vitro (Chapter 3), d) to investigate the performance of PACT by the association of toluidine blue ortho and a light emitting diode using a clinical trial (chapter 4). As methodological approaches, in vitro, in situ and clinical studies were performed. The results showed that the TBO was the only photosensitizer, which significantly reduced the counts of S. mutans (p < 0.05). However, the singlet oxygen generation was not directly related to the bactericidal activity of PACT (Chapter 1). The TBO penetration profiles in sound and demineralized dentin in vitro and in situ were similar, besides different degrees of demineralization (chapter 2). While PACT has been effective in killing S. mutans biofilms formed in vitro, the change in virulence genes was observed only for luxS, a oxidative stress related gene (chapter 3). Finally, the results of clinical trial demonstrated that dentin caries lesions showed a decrease in the cariogenic microflora when treated with PACT (Chapter 4). In summary, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is effective to kill S. mutans both as planktonic culture as well as biofilm, the photosensitizer used is able to penetrate into demineralized dentin in vitro and in situ, PACT can alter the expression of biofilm formation associated genes, and significantly reduce the in vivo microflora. However safe clinical protocols should be established for clinical use may be indicated. A aplicação da Terapia Fotodinâmica Antimicrobiana - TFA na Odontologia surge como um tratamento eficaz na redução das populações microbianas presentes nos biofilmes orais e nas lesões de cárie dental. Nesse contexto, os objetivos desse trabalho são: a)comparar o potencial antimicrobiano da TFA utilizando diferentes fotossensibilizadores e determinar a capacidade de produção de oxigênio singlete para cada um deles (capítulo 1); b) determinar o grau de penetração do corante azul de orto toluidina em dentina desmineralizada in vitro e in situ utilizando a microscopia confocal Raman (capítulo 2); c) avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano da TFA e sua habilidade de alterar a expressão dos genes gtfB, gtfC, gbpB e luxSem biofilmes orais de Streptococcus mutans formados in vitro (capítulo 3); d) investigar, através de um ensaio clínico, a performance da TFA utilizando a associação do azul de orto toluidina e um diodo emissor de luz (capítulo 4). Como abordagens metodológicas foram realizados estudos in vitro, in situ e um ensaio clínico. Como resultados, observou-se que o azul de orto toluidina foi o único fotossensibilizador que reduziu significantemente as contagens de S. mutans (p

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate a very short-term in vitro and in situ effect of 2% chlorhexidine-digluconate-based (CHX) cavity cleanser on the disinfection of dentin demineralized by cariogenic bacteria. Materials and Methods: Human dentin slabs were randomly allocated and used in 2 distinct phases, in vitro and in situ, for obtaining demineralized dentin. In vitro, the slabs (n=15) were immersed for 5 days in BHI broth inoculated with Streptococcus mutans CTT 3440. In situ, a double-blind design was conducted in one phase of 14 days, during which 20 volunteers wore palatal devices containing two human dental dentin slabs. On 5 th day in vitro and 14 th day in situ, the slabs were allocated to the two groups: Control group (5 μl of 0.9% NaCl solution) and CHX group (5 μl of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution, Cavity Cleanser™ BISCO, Schaumburg, IL, EUA), for 5 minutes. The microbiological analyses were performed immediately before and after the treatments. Results: The log reductions means found for CHX treatment on tested micro organisms were higher when compared to Control group either in vitro or in situ conditions. Conclusions: Our results showed that CHX was effective in reducing the cultivable microbiota in contaminated dentin. Furthermore, although the use of chlorhexidine-digluconate-based cavity disinfectant did not completely eliminate the viable microorganisms, it served as a suitable agent to disinfect tooth preparations.

– Autotransplantation is a safe and currently common procedure in cases of agenesis and tooth loss. Autotransplantation of premolars to replace missing maxillary central incisors has been shown to be an excellent treatment choice, especially in young patients in the 9–12-year-old age range. The choice for adequate restorative materials and techniques is also essential, direct composite resin being indicated in most cases. This paper reports the case of two premolars autotransplanted to replace both maxillary central incisors and addresses the esthetic issues involved in the reshaping of these teeth to incisor morphology.

Photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PACT) promotes bacterial death as a result of the photosensitization of microbial components. This study evaluated the effect of PACT on dentine caries produced in situ. Over the course of 14 d, 20 volunteers wore intra-oral devices containing human dentine slabs that were treated 10 times daily with a 40% sucrose solution. Afterwards, the antimicrobial effect of toluidine blue O, associated with 47 or 94 J cm(-2) of a light-emitting diode, was evaluated. Before and after the treatments, dentine samples were analysed with regard to the total number of microorganisms, total streptococci, mutans streptococci, and lactobacilli. Significant reductions in the bacterial count were observed for PACT with both energy densities tested, with the following values observed for 47 and 94 J cm(-2) of irradiation: for total streptococci, 3.45 and 5.18; for mutans streptococci, 3.08 and 4.16; for lactobacilli, 3.24 and 4.66; and for total microorganisms, 4.29 and 5.43, respectively. The control, treated with 94 J cm(-2) of irradiation alone, was also effective against all bacteria. To conclude, PACT was effective in killing oral microorganisms present in dentine caries produced in situ and may be a useful technique for eliminating bacteria from dentine carious lesions before restoration.

Objectives Since secondary caries is one of the main reasons for replacing restorations, this study assessed the effects of different restorative materials on the microbiological composition of dental biofilm and on enamel demineralisation around the restoration. Methods A randomized, double-blind, split-mouth in situ design was conducted in one phase of 14 days, during which, 20 volunteers wore palatal devices containing five human dental enamel slabs. Each slab was randomly restored with one of the following materials: Filtek-Z-250/Single Bond, control group (composite resin), Permite (amalgam), Fuji II (encapsulated resin-modified glass ionomer), Vitremer (resin-modified glass ionomer) and Ketac Molar (conventional glass ionomer). The volunteers used fluoride dentifrice, 3×/day and a 20% sucrose solution was dripped onto the slabs 8×/day. The biofilm formed on the slabs was analyzed to determine the counts of total streptococci, mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. Enamel demineralisation was determined by cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) at 20 and 70 μm from the margin of the restoration. Kruskal–Wallis and analysis of variance, followed by least mean squares (LMS) test, were used to evaluate microbiota and CSMH among the groups. The significance level used was 5%. Results No statistically significant differences were found in the cariogenic microbiota grown on the slabs. At a 20-μm distance, only Fuji II statistically differed from the other groups, showing the lowest demineralisation. At 70 μm, Fuji II significantly inhibited demineralisation when compared to Permite, Filtek-Z-250 and Ketac Molar. Conclusions In the context of fluoride dentifrice and under the cariogenic exposure conditions of this study, only the encapsulated resin-modified glass ionomer material provided additional protection against secondary caries.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-06-22T23:59:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-09-13 The prevalence of dental caries has decreased over the years and there has been an increase in restorative treatments of non-carious lesions. The presence of acids in the oral cavity is the main etiological factor of dental erosion, and may be due to dietary habits as well as systemic diseases. Another commonly diagnosed injury is abrasion caused by wear and tear because of the brushing technique. The use of resinous infiltrating agents has been used in the approach of preventive dentistry in cases of carious lesions of enamel, inhibiting the progression, and this material may be an alternative for prevention or paralysis of initial lesions of dental erosion, however, there are not enough studies performed at the dentin level. This study aimed to verify the preventive action of the resin infiltrating agent in erosion / abrasion at the dentin level. Dentin blocks were prepared, divided into 3 groups (n = 15) and submitted to cycles of erosion / abrasion and remineralization. Group 1 (AC-citric acid) received no treatment, groups 2 (ACI-citric acid and infiltrating) and 3 (ACDI-citric acid, deproteinization and infiltrating) received treatment with infiltrating agent and only 3 (ACDI) received previous deproteinization. The erosion / abrasion and remineralization cycle consisted of demineralization with citric acid for 60 seconds, washing with distilled water for 5 seconds, remineralization in artificial saliva for 60 minutes and abrasion by simulated brushing with fluoride dentifrice. At the end of a cycle, they were abrasioned by moist brushing with fluoride dentifrice. The cycles occurred 3 times a day for 5 days. The values of mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated by group. The ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to compare the groups (p¿0.05). For both groups there was loss of mineralized tissue (AC and ACI) and for the CIDI group, a protective film was formed after 5 days of erosion / abrasion and remineralization cycles. The tissue loss observed in the negative control (AC) and in the treatment (ACI) groups did not present a statistically significant difference [p = 0.063]. However, AC and ACI groups differed from the ACDI group which was deproteinized followed by treatment with (p