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Introduction The acronym BDSM combines terms describing various consensual sexual practices: bondage and discipline (B/D), dominance and submission (D/S), and sadism and masochism (S/M). In recent years, interest in BDSM culture has grown, both socially—likely driven by the popularity of related books and films—and academically. Purpose of the work This article aims to compile the most recent information on BDSM (bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadism and masochism) based on the latest available literature. Materials and Methods The PubMed database was searched for scientific articles in which the term "BDSM" appeared in the title, abstract, or keywords. Due to the limited number of publications on this topic, the search was restricted to articles published between 2014 and 2024. Results and Conclusions The prevalence of BDSM varies widely in studies, ranging from a few percent of the population to nearly half. Studies suggest a potential link between childhood sexual abuse and a heightened interest in BDSM, particularly among women who take on submissive roles. Societal stigma and widespread misconceptions about BDSM practices continue to have a negative impact on those who engage in them. Authors emphasize the necessity of further research on BDSM practices due to the limited and sometimes contradictory findings, particularly regarding the prevalence of BDSM interest and hormonal changes resulting from these practices.

Introduction and Objective: Voyeurism is characterized by recurrent and intense sexual arousal derived from observing unsuspecting individuals who are naked, disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity. Suggested risk factors for developing voyeurism include childhood sexual abuse, substance misuse, hypersexuality, emotional dysregulation, poor mental health, maladaptive coping strategies, and external pressures The aim of this publication is to discuss various aspects of voyeurism based on the latest literature. Review Methods: The PubMed database was searched to find scientific articles in which the terms “voyeurism” or “voyeuristic” appear in the title, abstract, or keywords. Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: Estimating the global prevalence of voyeurism is challenging due to inconsistent data, with reported rates ranging from over 10% to approximately 30–40%. Studies consistently indicate that voyeuristic behavior is more common among men. It often exhibits a compulsive and repetitive nature and can serve as a precursor to other sexual crimes, such as sexual sadism or pedophilia. Treatment primarily involves cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), with pharmacological support using SSRIs like fluoxetine and paroxetine, showing effectiveness. Summary: The authors highlight the importance of further exploration into this topic and emphasize the need for a more accurate understanding of voyeurism's prevalence in the general population, as current data may be inconclusive.

Introduction and objective: Fabry disease (FD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder that can manifest in classical and atypical forms, with the latter being more common. It results from deficient alpha-galactosidase activity, leading to the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), causing inflammation, cellular damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of this publication is to discuss various aspects of Fabry disease based on the latest literature. Review Methods: The PubMed database was searched for scientific articles where the terms "Fabry disease" or "FD" appear in the title, abstract, or keywords. The focus was on articles published between 2017 and 2024, although in some cases, older sources were consulted when more recent data was lacking. Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: The Fabry disease occurs with a frequency between 1:40,000 and 1:117,000 live male births. Symptoms include proteinuria, kidney failure, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, valve defects, peripheral neuropathy, and gastrointestinal issues. The disease affects life expectancy, primarily due to cardiovascular complications. Early diagnosis is often delayed due to non-specific symptoms, and prognosis tends to be worse in males. Current treatments include enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), chaperone therapy with migalastat, and second-generation ERT. Summary: Given the rarity of Fabry disease, research is limited, and there is a need for more studies to explore novel therapeutic options that could improve patient quality of life and mitigate the disease's complications.