19 results on '"Julia M. Chandler"'
Search Results
2. Delayed appearance of mature ganglia in an infant with an atypical presentation of total colonic and small bowel aganglionosis: a case report
- Author
-
Fereshteh Salimi Jazi, Julia M. Chandler, Chad M. Thorson, Tiffany J. Sinclair, Florette K. Hazard, John A. Kerner, Sanjeev Dutta, James C.Y. Dunn, and Stephanie D. Chao
- Subjects
Aganglionosis ,Hirschsprung’s disease ,Total colonic aganglionosis ,Total colonic and small bowel aganglionosis ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Abstract Background Total colonic and small bowel aganglionosis (TCSA) occurs in less than 1% of all Hirschsprung’s disease patients. Currently, the mainstay of treatment is surgery. However, in patients with TCSA, functional outcomes are often poor. A characteristic transition zone in TCSA can be difficult to identify which may complicate surgery and may often require multiple operations. Case presentation We present the case of a male infant who was diagnosed with biopsy-proven total colonic aganglionosis with extensive small bowel involvement as a neonate. The patient was diverted at one month of age based on leveling biopsies at 10 cm from the Ligament of Treitz. At 7 months of age, during stoma revision for a prolapsed stoma, intra-operative peristalsis was observed in nearly the entire length of the previously aganglionic bowel, and subsequent biopsies demonstrated the appearance of mature ganglion cells in a previously aganglionic segment. Conclusions TCSA remains a major challenge for pediatric surgeons. Our case introduces new controversy to our understanding of aganglionosis. Our observations warrant further research into the possibility of post-natal ganglion maturation and encourage surgeons to consider a more conservative surgical approach.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Financial burden of pediatric firearm-related injury admissions in the United States.
- Author
-
Jordan S Taylor, Sriraman Madhavan, Ryan W Han, Julia M Chandler, Lakshika Tenakoon, and Stephanie Chao
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Pediatric firearm-related injuries pose a significant public health problem in the United States, yet the associated financial burden has not been well described. This is the first study examining national data on the cost of initial hospitalization for pediatric firearm-related injuries. In this retrospective review, the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database from the years 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012 was used to identify all patients 18 years of age and under who were admitted with firearm-related injuries. We compared demographic and discharge-level data including injury severity score, hospital length of stay, income quartile, injury intent, and inflation-adjusted hospital costs across age groups (0-5, 6-9, 10-15, 16-18 years). There were approximately 4,753 pediatric firearm-related admissions each year, with a median hospitalization cost of $12,984 per patient. Annual initial hospitalization costs for pediatric firearm injuries were approximately $109 million during the study period. Pediatric firearm-related injuries predominately occured among older teenagers (74%, 16-18 years), males (89%), black individuals (55%), and those from the lowest income quartile (53%). We found significant cost variation based on patient race, income quartile, injury severity score, intent, hospital length of stay, disposition, and hospital region. Inflation-adjusted hospitalization costs have increased significantly over the study period (p < 0.001). Pediatric firearm-related injuries are a large financial burden to the United States healthcare system. There are significant variations in cost based on predictable factors like hospital length of stay and injury severity score; however, there are also substantial discrepancies based on hospital region, patient race, and income quartile that require further investigation.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Small surgeries, big smiles: using virtual reality to reduce the need for sedation or general anesthesia during minor surgical procedures
- Author
-
Samuel Rodriguez, Jordan S. Taylor, Thomas J Caruso, Michelle Gibson, Stephanie D. Chao, Julia M. Chandler, John R Austin, Katherine I. Portelli, Maria Menendez, and Modupeola Diyaolu
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Sedation ,Minor surgical procedure ,General Medicine ,Virtual reality ,Clinical trial ,Anesthesia ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Pediatric surgery ,medicine ,Anxiety ,Surgery ,Local anesthesia ,medicine.symptom ,Patient compliance ,business - Abstract
Children often require anesthesia for simple diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using virtual reality (VR) to reduce sedation in children undergoing minor surgical procedures. In this prospective, non-randomized clinical trial, pediatric patients at a free-standing children’s hospital undergoing hormone implant placement, removal, or exchange were recruited to use VR and local anesthesia instead of procedural sedation or general anesthesia (GA). Patients were enrolled between November 2017 and March 2020, and were compared to historic controls who underwent similar procedures without VR between April 2016 and February 2020. Primary outcome measure was successful procedure completion without sedation or GA. Secondary measures included assessments of pain, fear and anxiety, patient compliance, procedural and recovery times. Twenty-eight patients underwent 29 procedures with VR. Hormone implants (72%), removals (7%), or exchanges (21%) were completed without GA, sedation or IV placement. Procedure lengths and pain scores were similar between VR patients and historic controls, but recovery times were significantly shorter in VR patients (18 vs 65 min, p
- Published
- 2021
5. Mental health outcomes in pediatric trauma patients: A 10 year real world analysis using a large database approach
- Author
-
Ryan Han, Stephanie D. Chao, Julia M. Chandler, and Katelyn Chan
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Adjustment disorders ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,education ,Child ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Emergency department ,medicine.disease ,Mental health ,United States ,Hospitalization ,Traumatic injury ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Emergency medicine ,Anxiety ,Surgery ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,Pediatric trauma - Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic injury is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children in the United States. Single institution studies suggest an increased risk of poor mental health outcomes among these patients, but there are few population-based studies assessing this risk. METHODS The IBMⓇ MarketScanⓇ private insurance claims database was used to identify children (6-17yo) with traumatic injuries between 2007 and 2016. Time-to-event analysis was performed to compare rates of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorder among children admitted to the hospital compared to children treated in the emergency department (ED), urgent care (UC), or in the outpatient setting, and to children admitted with uncomplicated appendicitis. RESULTS Among children admitted for traumatic injury, 3.3% developed a subsequent mental health diagnosis, and 1.6% developed PTSD. Children admitted for traumatic injury were at increased risk of developing a mental health condition (HR 1.34, p
- Published
- 2021
6. Two-Stage Versus One-Stage Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: Timing of Surgery Prevents Nipple Loss
- Author
-
Julia M. Chandler, Dung Nguyen, Jacqueline Tsai, Irene Wapnir, Arash Momeni, Tammy Ju, and Geoffrey C. Gurtner
- Subjects
Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Mammaplasty ,Mastectomy, Subcutaneous ,One stage ,Breast Neoplasms ,Odds ratio ,Surgery ,Oncology ,Ptosis ,Median time ,Nipples ,medicine ,Humans ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Stage (cooking) ,business ,Mastectomy ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
BACKGROUND Devascularization of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) before nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) enhances blood flow to the skin. This study analyzed the effect of the interval between stages in two-stage (2S) operations and compared the ischemic events with those of one-stage (1S) NSM. METHODS Ischemic complications were defined as partial/reversible (PR) or full-thickness/irreversible (FI) skin necrosis of the NAC or flap. The latter encompassed limited areas of the NAC, resulting in loss of nipple height or areolar circumference without affecting the integrity or appearance of the NAC. Outcomes between the two groups were compared using chi-square and both uni- and multivariate analyses. RESULTS From 2015 to 2019, 109 breasts underwent 2S NSM and 103 breasts underwent 1S NSM. Grade 2 or 3 breast ptosis was more common in the 2S group than in the 1S group (60.5% vs 30.5%; p < 0.01). The median time between devascularization and NSM was 30 days (range, 11-415 days). After devascularization, ischemic events occurred in 25.7% of the breasts. Nipple loss occurred in 7.8% of the 1S group and 0% of the 2S group. Both PR and FI NAC ischemic events were observed in 66.7% of the breasts when NSM took place fewer than 20 days (n = 9) after devascularization versus 15% when NSM took place 20 days or longer afterward (n = 100). Overall, NAC, flap ischemic complications, or both occurred in 35.9% of the 1S group versus 20.2% of the 2S group (p < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, the odds ratio of ischemic complications in the 2S versus the 1S group was 0.38 (range, 0.19-0.75). CONCLUSIONS Fewer ischemic complications and no nipple loss occurred in 2S NSM. Ischemic events are fewer when the interval between devascularization and NSM is 20 days or longer.
- Published
- 2021
7. Financial burden of pediatric firearm-related injury admissions in the United States
- Author
-
Stephanie D. Chao, Sriraman Madhavan, Ryan W. Han, Jordan S. Taylor, Julia M. Chandler, and Lakshika Tenakoon
- Subjects
Male ,Economics ,Epidemiology ,Social Sciences ,Pediatrics ,Injury Severity Score ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Medicine ,Hospital Costs ,Child ,National data ,Multidisciplinary ,Health Care Costs ,Hospitals ,Hospitalization ,Quartile ,Child, Preschool ,Hospitalization cost ,Engineering and Technology ,Female ,Weapons ,Research Article ,Firearms ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Patients ,Science ,MEDLINE ,Equipment ,Age groups ,Humans ,Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project ,Retrospective Studies ,Finance ,Inpatients ,business.industry ,Public health ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Length of Stay ,Health Care ,Health Care Facilities ,Age Groups ,People and Places ,Wounds, Gunshot ,Population Groupings ,business - Abstract
Pediatric firearm-related injuries pose a significant public health problem in the United States, yet the associated financial burden has not been well described. This is the first study examining national data on the cost of initial hospitalization for pediatric firearm-related injuries. In this retrospective review, the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids’ Inpatient Database from the years 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012 was used to identify all patients 18 years of age and under who were admitted with firearm-related injuries. We compared demographic and discharge-level data including injury severity score, hospital length of stay, income quartile, injury intent, and inflation-adjusted hospital costs across age groups (0–5, 6–9, 10–15, 16–18 years). There were approximately 4,753 pediatric firearm-related admissions each year, with a median hospitalization cost of $12,984 per patient. Annual initial hospitalization costs for pediatric firearm injuries were approximately $109 million during the study period. Pediatric firearm-related injuries predominately occured among older teenagers (74%, 16–18 years), males (89%), black individuals (55%), and those from the lowest income quartile (53%). We found significant cost variation based on patient race, income quartile, injury severity score, intent, hospital length of stay, disposition, and hospital region. Inflation-adjusted hospitalization costs have increased significantly over the study period (p < 0.001). Pediatric firearm-related injuries are a large financial burden to the United States healthcare system. There are significant variations in cost based on predictable factors like hospital length of stay and injury severity score; however, there are also substantial discrepancies based on hospital region, patient race, and income quartile that require further investigation.
- Published
- 2021
8. ASO Visual Abstract: Two-Stage Versus One-Stage Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: Timing of Surgery Prevents Nipple Loss
- Author
-
Julia M. Chandler, Irene Wapnir, Jacqueline Tsai, Geoffrey C. Gurtner, Tammy Ju, Arash Momeni, and Dung Nguyen
- Subjects
Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Oncology ,Surgical oncology ,business.industry ,medicine ,One stage ,Surgery ,Stage (cooking) ,business - Published
- 2021
9. Treating children with achalasia using per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM): Twenty-one cases in review
- Author
-
James Wall, Jordan S. Taylor, William Kethman, Julia M. Chandler, Katherine E Portelli, and Lauren Wood
- Subjects
Myotomy ,Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Radiography ,Per-oral endoscopic myotomy ,Achalasia ,Chest pain ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Postoperative Complications ,030225 pediatrics ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,CLIPS ,Prospective cohort study ,Child ,Intraoperative Complications ,computer.programming_language ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Evidence-based medicine ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Esophageal Achalasia ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine.symptom ,business ,computer - Abstract
Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), a modern treatment for achalasia, has only recently emerged as an option for pediatric patients. Here we describe and characterize the success of POEM in children with achalasia.A single-institution prospective cohort study was performed of patients18 years old who underwent POEM from 2014 to 2019. Main outcomes were success at one year (Eckardt ≤3), procedure duration, complications, reintervention.The median age of patients (n = 21) was 13 years (range 2-17). Median procedure duration was 92 min (range 52-259) with case duration plateau of 87.4 min and learning rate of 15.5 cases. Intraoperative complications included capnoperitoneum requiring needle decompression and mucosotomy requiring additional clips. One patient experienced chest pain with small capnoperitoneum seen on chest radiography, and three patients had extraluminal carbon dioxide found incidentally on routine radiography. All were managed with observation. Pre- versus 1-month postprocedure Eckardt scores were significantly improved (7 ± 2 versus 1 ± 2, p 0.0001, and median ± SD) with 100% symptomatic relief at one year. To achieve this, 13 patients required further dilation(s), one required laparoscopic Heller myotomy, and two required repeat POEM.POEM is a viable and safe treatment for pediatric patients with achalasia. We demonstrate improvement in symptoms and procedure proficiency with minimal intra- and postoperative complications.Prospective cohort study.Level II.
- Published
- 2020
10. Correction to: Two-Stage Versus One-Stage Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: Timing of Surgery Prevents Nipple Loss
- Author
-
Julia M. Chandler, Geoffrey C. Gurtner, Tammy Ju, Jacqueline Tsai, Irene Wapnir, Arash Momeni, and Dung Nguyen
- Subjects
Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Oncology ,Surgical oncology ,business.industry ,medicine ,One stage ,Surgery ,Stage (cooking) ,business - Published
- 2021
11. Treating children with achalasia using per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM): twenty cases in review
- Author
-
Jordan S. Taylor, William Kethman, James Wall, Lauren Wood, Julia M. Chandler, and Katherine I. Portelli
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,General surgery ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Per-oral endoscopic myotomy ,medicine ,Achalasia ,medicine.disease ,business - Published
- 2020
12. Seven-Year Experience with Laparoscopic Pedicled Omental Flap for Cerebral Revascularization in Patients with Moyamoya Disease
- Author
-
Jordan S. Taylor, Sanjeev Dutta, Lauren Wood, Matias Bruzoni, Ruth Ellen Jones, Julia M. Chandler, and Gary K. Steinberg
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine ,Surgery ,Cerebral Revascularization ,In patient ,Moyamoya disease ,Omental flap ,business ,medicine.disease - Published
- 2019
13. Dilemma in management of hemorrhagic myositis in dermatomyositis
- Author
-
Julia M. Chandler, Irene Wapnir, Justin L. Bauer, and Yoo Jung Kim
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Immunology ,Hemorrhage ,Conservative Treatment ,Methylprednisolone ,Dermatomyositis ,Pectoralis Muscles ,Quadriceps Muscle ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hematoma ,Rheumatology ,Muscular Diseases ,Internal medicine ,Compression Bandages ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,Immunologic Factors ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Mortality ,Anterior compartment of thigh ,Glucocorticoids ,Myositis ,030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,business.industry ,Mortality rate ,Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ,Middle Aged ,Mycophenolic Acid ,medicine.disease ,Rash ,Hemostasis, Surgical ,Surgery ,Drainage ,Prednisone ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Hypotension ,business ,Complication - Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare inflammatory disorder affecting the muscle and skin. DM patients can present with spontaneous muscle hemorrhage, a potentially fatal complication. The best practice for management of hemorrhagic myositis in these patients remains unclear. Here we discuss the case of a patient who presented with progressive muscle weakness and intermittent rash that was diagnosed with dermatomyositis. During admission, she developed spontaneous hemorrhagic myositis of the right pectoralis major treated with surgical evacuation. She also developed a spontaneous left anterior thigh hematoma which was treated conservatively. She recovered and showed no evidence of recurrent bleeding at either location. We performed a literature review and identified ten cases of spontaneous hemorrhage in DM patients, with a 60% mortality rate among reported cases. Given the high mortality rate associated with spontaneous hemorrhage in DM patients, it is important for physicians to be aware of the diagnosis, workup, and management strategies.
- Published
- 2019
14. Correction to: Delayed appearance of mature ganglia in an infant with an atypical presentation of total colonic and small bowel aganglionosis: a case report
- Author
-
Chad M. Thorson, Tiffany J. Sinclair, Florette K. Hazard, Sanjeev Dutta, Julia M. Chandler, James C.Y. Dunn, John A. Kerner, Fereshteh Salimi Jazi, and Stephanie D. Chao
- Subjects
Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Colon ,Biopsy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Text mining ,030225 pediatrics ,Intestine, Small ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Hirschsprung Disease ,Total colonic aganglionosis ,Hirschsprung's disease ,business.industry ,lcsh:RJ1-570 ,Infant, Newborn ,Correction ,lcsh:Pediatrics ,medicine.disease ,Radiography ,Intestinal Diseases ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Ganglia ,Presentation (obstetrics) ,business - Abstract
Total colonic and small bowel aganglionosis (TCSA) occurs in less than 1% of all Hirschsprung's disease patients. Currently, the mainstay of treatment is surgery. However, in patients with TCSA, functional outcomes are often poor. A characteristic transition zone in TCSA can be difficult to identify which may complicate surgery and may often require multiple operations.We present the case of a male infant who was diagnosed with biopsy-proven total colonic aganglionosis with extensive small bowel involvement as a neonate. The patient was diverted at one month of age based on leveling biopsies at 10 cm from the Ligament of Treitz. At 7 months of age, during stoma revision for a prolapsed stoma, intra-operative peristalsis was observed in nearly the entire length of the previously aganglionic bowel, and subsequent biopsies demonstrated the appearance of mature ganglion cells in a previously aganglionic segment.TCSA remains a major challenge for pediatric surgeons. Our case introduces new controversy to our understanding of aganglionosis. Our observations warrant further research into the possibility of post-natal ganglion maturation and encourage surgeons to consider a more conservative surgical approach.
- Published
- 2019
15. Firearm Legislation Stringency and Firearm-Related Fatalities among Children in the US
- Author
-
Stephanie D. Chao, Kristan Staudenmayer, Jordan S. Taylor, Julia M. Chandler, and Sriraman Madhavan
- Subjects
Male ,Suicide Prevention ,Firearms ,Adolescent ,Poison control ,Legislation ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Injury prevention ,Medicine ,Humans ,Child ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Infant ,United States ,Suicide ,Mortality data ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Child, Preschool ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Surgery ,Female ,Wounds, Gunshot ,business ,Homicide ,Reporting system - Abstract
Firearm-related injuries are the second leading cause of pediatric deaths in the US. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of both state child access prevention (CAP) laws and gun regulations on pediatric firearm mortality. We hypothesized that states with more stringent firearm legislation had lower pediatric firearm mortality.We used 2014-2015 firearm mortality data from the Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System, 2014 Brady scores (used to quantify stringency of state gun regulations) and CAP laws. State-level covariates were obtained from government sources, including the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Department of Education. Spearman rank correlations and linear regression were used to determine the relationship between overall pediatric firearm mortality and gun regulations. We also examined the relationship between gun regulations and firearm-related homicides and suicides.Annually, there were approximately 2,715 pediatric firearm fatalities among children; 62.1% were homicides and 31.4% suicides. There was a moderate negative correlation between states' firearm legislation stringency and overall pediatric firearm mortality (ρ = -0.66; p0.001), and between CAP laws and firearm suicide rates (ρ = -0.56; p0.001). After controlling for poverty, unemployment, substance abuse, and the number of registered firearms, the association between firearm legislation stringency and overall pediatric firearm mortality remained significant (p = 0.04). The association between CAP laws and firearm suicide rate remained significant after controlling for socioeconomic factors, registered firearms, and other firearm legislation (p = 0.04).Strict gun legislation and CAP laws are associated with fewer pediatric firearm fatalities and firearm suicides, respectively, though no such association was identified with pediatric firearm homicides. Although more studies are needed to determine causality, state-level legislation could play an important role in reducing pediatric firearm-related deaths.
- Published
- 2018
16. Yellow nail syndrome with chylothorax after coronary artery bypass grafting
- Author
-
Natalie S. Lui, David M. Hovsepian, Julia M. Chandler, Jack H. Boyd, and Sarah Waliany
- Subjects
Male ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,lcsh:Surgery ,Case Report ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Coronary artery bypass grafting complications ,Chylothorax ,Thoracic duct ,Thoracic Duct ,lcsh:RD78.3-87.3 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Postoperative Complications ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Embolization ,Coronary Artery Bypass ,Post-operative chylothorax ,Pleurodesis ,integumentary system ,Yellow nail syndrome ,business.industry ,Lymphography ,Cisterna chyli ,lcsh:RD1-811 ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Surgery ,Cardiac surgery ,Chest tube ,Lymphedema ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030228 respiratory system ,Talc ,lcsh:Anesthesiology ,Chest Tubes ,Doxycycline ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Background Yellow nail syndrome is a rare condition considered secondary to functional anomalies of lymphatic drainage. Yellow nail syndrome is diagnosed through the triad of intrathoracic findings (30% being pleural effusions), nail discoloration, and lymphedema, with any two features sufficient for diagnosis. We report the second case of post-operative yellow nail syndrome. Case presentation After coronary artery bypass grafting, our patient presented with chylothorax on post-operative day 13 and yellow toenail discoloration on post-operative day 28, diagnosing yellow nail syndrome. Initial conservative management with pigtail catheter drainage and low-fat diet with medium-chain triglycerides reduced chylous drainage from 350 mL/day on post-operative day 14 to
- Published
- 2018
17. Open vs Laparoscopic vs Robotic Surgery for Rectal Cancer: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
- Author
-
Jill Huckels, Rajdeep K. Pooni, Joshua A. Salomon, Douglas K Owens, Lauren J. Zarnett, Julia M. Chandler, Alison A. Conway, Cindy Kin, and Kyueun Lee
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Colorectal cancer ,medicine ,Surgery ,Robotic surgery ,Cost-effectiveness analysis ,business ,medicine.disease - Published
- 2019
18. Activation of CPP32 and Mch3α in wild-type p53-induced apoptosis
- Author
-
Marion MacFarlane, Julia M. Chandler, Emad S. Alnemri, and Gerald M. Cohen
- Subjects
Proteases ,Apoptosis ,Cleavage (embryo) ,Biochemistry ,Substrate Specificity ,Mice ,Coumarins ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Animals ,Molecular Biology ,Polymerase ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Inhibitor of apoptosis domain ,biology ,Caspase 3 ,Chemistry ,Intrinsic apoptosis ,Wild type ,Cell Biology ,Molecular biology ,Cell biology ,Enzyme Activation ,Cysteine Endopeptidases ,Leukemia, Myeloid ,Caspases ,biology.protein ,Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ,Oligopeptides ,Lamin ,Research Article - Abstract
DNA-damaging agents induce apoptosis primarily by a p53-dependent pathway. LTR6 cells containing a temperature-sensitive p53 were used to dissect further the mechanisms of p53-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis was accompanied by the processing and activation of CPP32 and Mch3α, together with the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and lamin B1. These results demonstrate a critical role for the activation of interleukin-1β-converting enzyme-like proteases in p53-induced apoptosis.
- Published
- 1997
19. Different subcellular distribution of caspase-3 and caspase-7 following Fas-induced apoptosis in mouse liver
- Author
-
Julia M. Chandler, Marion MacFarlane, and Gerald M. Cohen
- Subjects
Male ,Programmed cell death ,Caspase 2 ,Caspase 3 ,Apoptosis ,Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors ,Biochemistry ,Caspase 7 ,Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones ,Substrate Specificity ,Mice ,Animals ,fas Receptor ,Molecular Biology ,Caspase ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,biology ,Endoplasmic reticulum ,Hydrolysis ,Intrinsic apoptosis ,Cell Biology ,Molecular biology ,Cell biology ,Cell Compartmentation ,Cysteine Endopeptidases ,Liver ,Caspases ,biology.protein ,Subcellular Fractions - Abstract
Caspases plays a key role in the execution phase of apoptosis. "Initiator" caspases, such as caspase-8, activate "effector" caspases, such as caspase-3 and -7, which subsequently cleave cellular substrates thereby precipitating the dramatic morphological changes of apoptosis. Following treatment of mice with an agonistic anti-Fas antibody to induce massive hepatocyte apoptosis, we now demonstrate a distinct subcellular localization of the effector caspases-3 and -7. Active caspase-3 is confined primarily to the cytosol, whereas active caspase-7 is associated almost exclusively with the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. These data suggest that caspases-3 and -7 exert their primary functions in different cellular compartments and offer a possible explanation of the presence of caspase homologs with overlapping substrate specificities. Translocation and activation of caspase-7 to the endoplasmic reticulum correlates with the proteolytic cleavage of the endoplasmic reticular-specific substrate, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1. Liver damage, induction of apoptosis, activation and translocation of caspase-7, and proteolysis of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 are all blocked by the caspase inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp fluoromethyl ketone (Z-VAD. fmk). Our data demonstrate for the first time the differential subcellular compartmentalization of specific effector caspases following the induction of apoptosis in vivo.
- Published
- 1998
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.