1. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography enhanced by virtual reality as a novel tool to improve the understanding of biliary anatomy and the teaching of surgical trainees
- Author
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Sebastian M. Staubli, Peter Maloca, Christoph Kuemmerli, Julia Kunz, Amanda S. Dirnberger, Andreas Allemann, Julian Gehweiler, Savas Soysal, Raoul Droeser, Silvio Däster, Gabriel Hess, Dimitri Raptis, Otto Kollmar, Markus von Flüe, Martin Bolli, and Philippe Cattin
- Subjects
magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography (MRCP) ,minimally invasive cholec ,bile duct anatomy ,surgical skills training ,immersive virtual reality ,3D printing ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
ObjectiveThe novel picture archiving and communication system (PACS), compatible with virtual reality (VR) software, displays cross-sectional images in VR. VR magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) was tested to improve the anatomical understanding and intraoperative performance of minimally invasive cholecystectomy (CHE) in surgical trainees.DesignWe used an immersive VR environment to display volumetric MRCP data (Specto VRTM). First, we evaluated the tolerability and comprehensibility of anatomy with a validated simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ) and examined anatomical landmarks. Second, we compared conventional MRCP and VR MRCP by matching three-dimensional (3D) printed models and identifying and measuring common bile duct stones (CBDS) using VR MRCP. Third, surgical trainees prepared for CHE with either conventional MRCP or VR MRCP, and we measured perioperative parameters and surgical performance (validated GOALS score).SettingThe study was conducted out at Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, Basel, Switzerland.ParticipantsFor the first and second study step, doctors from all specialties and years of experience could participate. In the third study step, exclusively surgical trainees were included. Of 74 participating clinicians, 34, 27, and 13 contributed data to the first, second, and third study phases, respectively.ResultsAll participants determined the relevant biliary structures with VR MRCP. The median SSQ score was 0.75 (IQR: 0, 3.5), indicating good tolerability. Participants selected the corresponding 3D printed model faster and more reliably when previously studying VR MRCP compared to conventional MRCP: We obtained a median of 90 s (IQR: 55, 150) and 72.7% correct answers with VR MRCP versus 150 s (IQR: 100, 208) and 49.6% correct answers with conventional MRCP, respectively (p
- Published
- 2022
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