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Tetrastigma angustifolia (Roxb.) Deb is an evergreen shrub belonging to the family Vitaceae. This plant species has been used for thousand years in Ayurvedic medicine. Ethnomedicinal study also documents the use of T. angustifolia leaves in the management of diabetes. On the other hand, Oxalis debilis Kunth. is a tristylous plant commonly known as pink woodsorrel belong to the family Oxalidaceae. This plant has been used traditionally for the treatment of dysentery and diarrhea. Ethnobotanical study also reports the use of leaf decoction of O. debilis in the treatment of diabetes. In our earlier work, the antidiabetic activity of hydro-alcoholic leaf extracts of T angustifolia and O. debilis have been reported. In spite of ethnomedicinal implications and several scientific studies in the recent past, phytochemical investigations in support of the antidiabetic potential of these plant species are yet to be explored. Therefore, the present study was aimed at the isolation of bioactive phytoconstituents as antidiabetic principle( s) from T angustifolia and O. debilis leaves. In this paper, two bioactive compounds, namely apigenin derivative (AGD) and stigmasterol (STM) were isolated from the methanolic leaf extracts of T. angustifolia and O. debilis, respectively by column chromatographic technique. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by spectroscopic/ spectrometric techniques including FT-IR, H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR and Mass. The isolated flavonoids were identified as 8-hydroxyapigenin 7-O-beta-D glucopyranoside, a derivative of apigenin (AGD) and stigmasta-5,22-dien-3,beta-ol i.e., stigmasterol (STM). The antidiabetic potential of AGD and STM was evaluated by in vitro alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory assays. To validate the antidiabetic efficacy, molecular docking and dynamics studies were performed using AutoDock Vina and GROMACS software. In vitro assays revealed the antidiabetic potential of AGD and STM with alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities. From docking and MD simulation studies, promising binding affinity of AGD and STM for human lysosomal alpha-glucosidase (5NN8) and human pancreatic alpha-amylase enzymes (1B2Y) with favorable binding modes, stable protein-ligand complexes and well defined protein-ligand interactions were observed. Based on in vitro and in silico studies, our study reports the antidiabetic potential of the isolated apigenin derivative, AGD (a new flavonoid molecule) and stigmasterol, STM (an existing plant sterol) with alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities. However, the flavonoid molecule, AGD possesses better antidiabetic profile than the steroid molecule, STM particularly against human alpha-amylase enzyme. Our present investigation successfully validates the traditional as well as ethnomedicinal claims of T. angustifolia and O. debilis as antidiabetic medicines. (C) 2021 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ethnomedicinal survey documents the traditional uses of Oxalis debilis Kunth leaves in the management of diarrhea and helminthiasis. In our study, the antidiarrheal and anthelmintic activities were evaluated for ethyl acetate and hydro-alcoholic leaf extracts of O. debilis. Both the leaf extracts exhibited antidiarrheal and anthelmintic activities. The hydro-alcoholic extract exhibited better activity profile than that of ethyl acetate extract. Moreover, the anthelmintic activity was found to be more significant in comparison to the antidiarreal activity for the hydro-alcoholic extract. From phytochemical and TLC studies, the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids has been demonstrated in the extracts indicating their possible role in the bioactivity of O. debilis leaves. However, the potent antidiarrheal and anthelmintic activities are claimed with the hydro-alcoholic extract of O. debilis leaves. Our present work justifies the ethnomedicinal claims of O. debilis leaves in the treatment of diarrhea and helminthiasis, particularly in the northeastern region of India.

Ethnomedicinal survey documents the traditional practices of Tetrastigma angustifolia leaves in the management of diabetes in the North-eastern region of India. The present study was aimed at isolation of possible antidiabetic principle(s) from T. angustifolia leaves and evaluation of antidiabetic efficacy of isolated compound(s) in experimental animal model. The methanolic extract of T. angustifolia leaves was obtained by Soxhlet extraction method and subjected to silica gel column chromatography (100-200 mesh). Fraction 18-176 chloroform:methanol (70:30) yielded a pale yellow colored compound. The structure of pure compound was elucidated with the help of UV, IR, NMR and Mass spectrometric/techniques. The antioxidant activity of the isolated compound was evaluated in vitro by various radical scavenfing assay methods.. Oral acute toxicity study was carried out according to OECD guideline 423 in Wistar rats. The antidiabetic efficacy of the isolated compound was evaluated in STZ-induced diabetic rats at the dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. for duration of 21 days. The present study reports a new flavocnoid compound isolated from the methanolic extract of T. angustifolia leaves and identified as 8-hydroxyapigenin 7-O-D-glucopyranoside. The flavonoid compound exhibited potent antidiabetic (hypoglicemic) activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats with promising antioxidant (radical scavenging activity) potential in vitro.

Objective: The present work is undertaken for phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of Diplazium esculentum leaf's hydroalcoholic extract (DEHAe). Methods: Antioxidant activity was estimated by DPPH assay and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition was determined using Griess reagent. Diabetes was induced artificially by streptozotocin (STZ). DEHAe was administered orally to see its affect on fasting glucose level, lipid profile, biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity. Hepatoprotective activity was examined by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatic injury method. Histological slides of pancreas were prepared to observe the histological changes. Results: The experiments yielded expected activity of the plant extract in animal model. IC50 value of DEHAe for in vitro antioxidant activity and NO inhibition activity was found to be 138.8 and 151.9 μg/mL respectively. Fasting blood glucose level was reduced 50.2% by DEHAe (500 mg/kg) in STZ induced diabetic rats. Significant normalization (p

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia generally associated with oxidative stress. The present study aims to evaluate the hypoglycaemic activity of hydro-ethanolic (3:7) leaf extracts of Tetrastigma angustifolia (Roxb.) (Family: Vitaceae) to streptozotocin induced diabetic wistar albino rats. The blood glucose level was measured using single touch blood glucose test strips and glucometer on weekly intervals until the end of 21st day. Other blood parameters like total lipid and liver profiles were investigated after oral administration of extracts to diabetic rats after the treatment of three weeks. The Histopathological changes of the diabetic and vehicle control rats were also investigated in this study. Daily oral administration of hydro-alcoholic leaf extracts (HSE 250 mg/kg & 500 mg/kg body weight) and metformin hydrochloride (5 mg/kg body weight) showed improvement effect on blood glucose level as well as hyperlipidaemia and liver functions due to streptozotocin induced diabetes (Type II). The extract has beneficial effects to maintain the animal body weight and has the regenerating power to pancreatic cells. The hydro-alcoholic leaf extracts dose fractions of Tetrastigma angustifolia (Roxb.) exhibited significant anti-hyperglycemic activities. The extract showed improvement in parameters like body weight and lipid profiles as well as regeneration of â-cells of pancreas and so might be of value for the treatment of diabetes (Type- II).

Despite the availability of synthetic antidiabetic drugs, diabetes mellitus is still affecting millions of people with increasing rate of disease incidence and mortality throughout the world. Ethnomedicinal survey documents the traditional usefulness of Callicarpa arborea Roxb. stem bark in the management of diabetes mellitus.In our study, hydro-alcoholic extract (HAE) of Callicarpa arborea stem bark was prepared according to WHO guidelines for herbal drugs, and screened for antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Acute oral toxicity and in vitro antioxidant activity studies along with phytochemical analyses of HAE were also carried out.Acute oral toxicity study indicated that HAE was safe up to a dose of 2000mg/kg body weight of rats. Results of antidiabetic activity study revealed that HAE of C. arborea stem bark possesses significant (p0.05) hypoglycemic activity compared to normal control group in experimental rats. Histological observations of treated pancreas and liver tissues confirmed the antidiabetic efficacy of HAE. In antioxidant activity, HAE exhibited significant radical scavenging activity.From results, it can be concluded that HAE of C. arborea stem bark may have possible role as herbal antioxidants in the prevention and/or treatment of oxidative stress-induced diabetes mellitus. The antioxidant property of plant phenolic and flavonoid contents present in HAE might be responsible for the antidiabetic efficacy of C. arborea stem bark.

Compromised stability of pharmaceutical formulations loaded with volatiles is a serious problem associated with devices designed to deliver volatile compounds. The present study has been focused to evaluate the stability potential of matrix-type polymeric patches composed of volatile ethyl anthranilate for prophylaxis against vector-borne diseases. Ethyl anthranilate-loaded matrix-type polymeric patches were fabricated by solvent evaporation method on an impermeable backing membrane and attached to temporary release liners. Stability testing of the polymeric patches was performed as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for 6 months under accelerated conditions. In addition, the quantification of residual solvents was also performed as per the ICH guidelines. After conducting the stability studies for 6 months, the optimized patches showed the best possible results with respect to uniformity of drug content, physical appearance, and other analytical parameters. Furthermore, the amount of residual solvent was found well below the accepted limit. Thus, the present report outlined the analytical parameters to be evaluated to ensure the stability of a certain devices consisting of volatile compounds.