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Over the past years, transport mode recognition has become a large field of research. However, flight as a type of transportation has been mostly overlooked. A system for flight detection might be useful for context-aware applications, but more importantly, it can be used to automatically manage airplane mode on smartphones. Smartphones transmit radio frequency signals which could potentially interfere with aircraft systems, and it is therefore important that devices enable airplane mode to avoid this problem. This paper proposes flyDetect, a method for automatic flight mode detection and an embodiment in the form of an app that demonstrates the viability of the method. Thus, the system uses the accelerometer and barometer in an Android smartphone, can detect the start and end of a flight, and notify other apps or systems on the device when this happens. Our evaluation shows that flyDetect meets the requirements set for the solution, and the results are very promising.

The analysis of microcirculation images has the potential to reveal early signs of life-threatening diseases such as sepsis. Quantifying the capillary density and the capillary distribution in microcirculation images can be used as a biological marker to assist critically ill patients. The quantification of these biological markers is labor intensive, time consuming, and subject to interobserver variability. Several computer vision techniques with varying performance can be used to automate the analysis of these microcirculation images in light of the stated challenges. In this paper, we present a survey of over 50 research papers and present the most relevant and promising computer vision algorithms to automate the analysis of microcirculation images. Furthermore, we present a survey of the methods currently used by other researchers to automate the analysis of microcirculation images. This survey is of high clinical relevance because it acts as a guidebook of techniques for other researchers to develop their microcirculation analysis systems and algorithms., Competing Interests: Maged Helmy is 50% funded by ODI Medical AS and 50% funded by the Research Council of Norway., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

Capillaries are the smallest vessels in the body which are responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to surrounding cells. Various life-threatening diseases are known to alter the density of healthy capillaries and the flow velocity of erythrocytes within the capillaries. In previous studies, capillary density and flow velocity were manually assessed by trained specialists. However, manual analysis of a standard 20-s microvascular video requires 20 min on average and necessitates extensive training. Thus, manual analysis has been reported to hinder the application of microvascular microscopy in a clinical environment. To address this problem, this paper presents a fully automated state-of-the-art system to quantify skin nutritive capillary density and red blood cell velocity captured by handheld-based microscopy videos. The proposed method combines the speed of traditional computer vision algorithms with the accuracy of convolutional neural networks to enable clinical capillary analysis. The results show that the proposed system fully automates capillary detection with an accuracy exceeding that of trained analysts and measures several novel microvascular parameters that had eluded quantification thus far, namely, capillary hematocrit and intracapillary flow velocity heterogeneity. The proposed end-to-end system, named CapillaryNet, can detect capillaries at ~0.9 s per frame with ~93% accuracy. The system is currently used as a clinical research product in a larger e-health application to analyse capillary data captured from patients suffering from COVID-19, pancreatitis, and acute heart diseases. CapillaryNet narrows the gap between the analysis of microcirculation images in a clinical environment and state-of-the-art systems., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Arterial, liver, and serum specimens were collected from Greenland Inuit at autopsy and apolipoprotein E genotyping was done on 42 females (mean age = 61.3 years) and 56 males (mean age = 56.8 years). Estimates of the allele frequencies of the apo E, derived from the observed frequencies of the six common apolipoprotein E genotypes, are E2: 0.015+/-0.009; E3: 0.776+/-0.030; and E4: 0.209+/-0.029. No significant difference was found between these frequencies and those previously reported for Greenland Inuit, Canadian Inuit, or Alaska natives; however, differences were observed in comparison with frequencies reported for Japan, Norway, Sweden, USA-Blacks and USA-Whites. Anthropometric data (body mass index, panniculus adiposus thickness), blood analyte levels (total serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL + VLDL-cholesterol, and glycohemoglobin), and prevalence and extent of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and coronary arteries were analyzed for any associations with apolipoprotein E genotype. The occurrence of apolipoprotein E2 alleles are very rare and the E4 alleles are slightly more frequent in the Greenland Inuit population as compared to other populations. No significant association between apolipoprotein E genotypes and the extent of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and coronary arteries were found, and there does not appear to be any strong evidence for an association of either serum lipids, glycohemoglobin levels, or adiposity measurements to apolipoprotein E genotype in Greenland Inuit.

The oxygen binding properties of hemoglobin and some hematological parameters in Eskimo dogs (belonging to Canis lupus familiaris) in Ilulissat/Jacobshavn, Greenland were analysed. The average [2,3-DPG] and [Hb] (n = 16) were 3.14 +/- 0.34 mmol l-1 blood and 9.53 +/- 0.65 g dl-1 (1.49 mmol l-1), respectively, giving a stoichiometric ratio of 2.11 mol 2,3-DPG/mol Hb. Oxygen binding analysis carried out on hemolysate in HEPES buffer at 20 and 37 degrees C revealed a high oxygen affinity (1.2 mmHg at pH 7.4, 20 degrees C) in the desalted condition, which decreased markedly in the presence of chloride and 2,3-DPG. A low apparent equilibrium constant for the binding of 2,3-DPG (1.0 x 10(-5) mol l-1) was found at pH 7.2 and 20 degrees C in the absence of chloride. Moreover, we show that chloride ions have an additive effect on oxygen affinity in the concentration range 10-300 mmol l-1 in the presence of 3 mmol l-1 2,3-DPG at low pH and temperature (pH < 7.4 and 20 degrees C). This feature may be of physiological importance to oxygen unloading under acidotic conditions when tissue temperature is low. Thermodynamic analysis reveal that in the presence of 3 mmol l-1 2,3-DPG and 100 mmol l-1 chloride, the Eskimo dog hemoglobin exhibits a low heat of oxygenation, which places this animal close to arctic ruminants with respect to the influence of temperature on oxygen binding in vivo.

Surveys taken of blood pressure in Greenland indicated prevailing levels similar to those in the USA. Morphometrically measured renovasculopathies in 88 autopsies confirmed blood pressure levels comparable to the survey findings. At clinic visits, the recorded blood pressures in 48 of the autopsies verified the morphometric conclusions (r = 0.559). By all three approaches, similar levels of blood pressure were determined for the population of Greenland. The agreements in outcome from these approaches serve to substantiate the validity of all three methods. The overall outcome verifies a previous report placing Greenland among the nations which experience rapid rise of blood pressure with age and high prevalence rates for hypertension.

Traditional food is culturally, economically and nutritionally important for the Greenlandic Inuit people. In the 1970s the preventive effect of marine fat on cardiovascular disease, thrombosis and atherosclerosis was described. The low incidence of ischemic heart disease among Greenlanders has been related to the high intake of marine food. Since 1990 routine autopsies have taken place in two towns in Greenland, Nuuk and Ilulissat. The autopsies represent 26% of the total number of deaths in these two towns. Samples have been collected from 104 autopsies. International cooperative studies have analysed specimens in relation to ischemic heart disease as a benefit related to diet, as well as the level of heavy metals and organochlorine in organs as a risk related to diet. High amounts of mono-unsaturated and Omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acid were found in adipose tissue. Liver analyses of selenium have confirmed the expected high intake among Greenlanders. Reduced atherosclerotic lesions were found in the coronary arteries. Blood pressure levels calculated from renovascholopathia of hypertension indicate prevailing levels similar to those in industrialized countries. Some factors in Greenland may be protecting the coronary arteries, thereby of setting the expected effect of hypertension. The level of methyl mercury in organs is generally high. PCB concentrations found in organs of Greenlanders are higher than among other populations. Health and risk effects of the traditional foods need further investigation.