22 results on '"Judith M. Segall"'
Search Results
2. Does function follow form?: Methods to fuse structural and functional brain images show decreased linkage in schizophrenia.
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Andrew Michael, Stefi A. Baum, Tonya White, Oguz Demirci, Nancy Andreasen, Judith M. Segall, Rex E. Jung, Godfrey D. Pearlson, Vincent P. Clark, Randy L. Gollub, S. Charles Schulz, Joshua L. Roffman, Kelvin O. Lim, Beng-Choon Ho, Henry Jeremy Bockholt, and Vince D. Calhoun
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- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A baseline for the multivariate comparison of resting state networks
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Elena A Allen, Erik B Erhardt, Eswar Damaraju, William Gruner, Judith M Segall, Rogers F Silva, Martin eHavlicek, Srinivas Rachakonda, Jill Fries, Ravi Kalyanam, Andrew M Michael, Arvind Caprihan, Jessica A Turner, Tom Eichele, Steven eAdelsheim, Angela D Bryan, Juan eBustillo, Vincent P Clark, Sarah W Feldstein Ewing, Francesca eFilbey, Corey C Ford, Kent eHutchison, Rex E Jung, Kent A Kiehl, Piyadasa eKodituwakku, Yuko M Komesu, Andrew R Mayer, Godfrey D Pearlson, John P Phillips, Joseph R Sadek, Michael Stevens, Ursina eTeuscher, Robert J Thoma, and Vince D Calhoun
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fMRI ,functional connectivity ,Independent Component Analysis ,connectome ,resting-state ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
As the size of functional and structural MRI datasets expands, it becomes increasingly important to establish a baseline from which diagnostic relevance may be determined, a processing strategy that efficiently prepares data for analysis, and a statistical approach that identifies important effects in a manner that is both robust and reproducible. In this paper, we introduce a multivariate analytic approach that optimizes sensitivity and reduces unnecessary testing. We demonstrate the utility of this mega-analytic approach by identifying the effects of age and gender on the resting state networks of 603 healthy adolescents and adults (mean age: 23.4 years, range: 12 to 71 years). Data were collected on the same scanner, preprocessed using an automated analysis pipeline based in SPM, and studied using group independent component analysis. Resting state networks were identified and evaluated in terms of three primary outcome measures: time course spectral power, spatial map intensity, and functional network connectivity. Results revealed robust effects of age on all three outcome measures, largely indicating decreases in network coherence and connectivity with increasing age. Gender effects were of smaller magnitude but suggested stronger intra-network connectivity in females and more inter-network connectivity in males, particularly with regard to sensorimotor networks. These findings, along with the analysis approach and statistical framework described here, provide a useful baseline for future investigations of brain networks in health and disease.
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- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Cortical thickness and subcortical gray matter reductions in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Rex E Jung, Judith M Segall, Rachael G Grazioplene, Clifford Qualls, Wilmer L Sibbitt, and Carlos A Roldan
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Within systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients can be divided into groups with and without central nervous system involvement, the latter being subcategorized as neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). While a number of research groups have investigated NPSLE, there remains a lack of consistent application of this diagnostic criteria within neuroimaging studies. Previous neuroimaging research suggests that SLE patients have reduced subcortical and regional gray matter volumes when compared to controls, and that these group differences may be driven by SLE patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms. The current study sought to compare measures of cortical thickness and subcortical structure volume between NPSLE, SLE, and healthy controls. We hypothesized that patients with NPSLE (N = 21) would have thinner cortex and reduced subcortical gray matter volumes when compared to SLE (N = 16) and control subjects (N = 21). All subjects underwent MRI examinations on a 1.5 Tesla Siemens Sonata scanner. Anatomical reconstruction and segmentation were performed using the FreeSurfer image analysis suite. Cortical and subcortical volumes were extracted from FreeSurfer and analyzed for group differences, controlling for age. The NPSLE group exhibited decreased cortical thickness in clusters of the left frontal and parietal lobes as well as in the right parietal and occipital lobes compared to control subjects. Compared to the SLE group, the NPSLE group exhibited comparable thinning in clusters of the frontal and temporal lobes. Controlling for age, we found that between group effects for subcortical gray matter structures were significant for the thalamus (F = 3.06, p = .04), caudate nucleus (F = 3.19, p = .03), and putamen (F = 4.82, p = .005). These results clarify previous imaging work identifying cortical atrophy in a mixed SLE and NPSLE group, and suggest that neuroanatomical abnormalities are specific to SLE patients diagnosed with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Future work should help elucidate the underlying mechanisms underlying the emerging neurobiological profile seen in NPSLE, as well as clarify the apparent lack of overlap between cortical thinning and functional activation results and other findings pointing to increased functional activation during cognitive tasks.
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- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Correspondence between structure and function in the human brain at rest.
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Judith M. Segall, Elena A. Allen, Rex E. Jung, Erik B. Erhardt, Sunil Kumar Arja, Kent A. Kiehl, and Vince D. Calhoun
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- 2012
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- View/download PDF
6. Mining the mind research network: a novel framework for exploring large scale, heterogeneous translational neuroscience research data sources.
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Henry Jeremy Bockholt, Mark Scully, William Courtney, Srinivas Rachakonda, Adam Scott, Arvind Caprihan, Jill Fries, Ravi Kalyanam, Judith M. Segall, Raul de la Garza, Susan R. Lane, and Vince D. Calhoun
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- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Function–structure associations of the brain: Evidence from multimodal connectivity and covariance studies
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René J. Huster, Vince D. Calhoun, Jing Sui, Qingbao Yu, and Judith M. Segall
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Modalities ,Resting state fMRI ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Brain morphometry ,Brain ,Electroencephalography ,Neuroimaging ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Cognition ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Multimodal Imaging ,Article ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,Neurology ,medicine ,Humans ,Nerve Net ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
Despite significant advances in multimodal imaging techniques and analysis approaches, unimodal studies are still the predominant way to investigate brain changes or group differences, including structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and electroencephalography (EEG). Multimodal brain studies can be used to understand the complex interplay of anatomical, functional and physiological brain alterations or development, and to better comprehend the biological significance of multiple imaging measures. To examine the function-structure associations of the brain in a more comprehensive and integrated manner, we reviewed a number of multimodal studies that combined two or more functional (fMRI and/or EEG) and structural (sMRI and/or DTI) modalities. In this review paper, we specifically focused onmultimodal neuroimaging studies on cognition, aging, disease and behavior. We also compared multiple analysis approaches, including univariate and multivariate methods. The possible strengths and limitations of each method are highlighted, which can guide readers when selecting a method based on a given research question. In particular, we believe that multimodal fusion approaches will shed further light on the neuronalmechanisms underlying the major structural and functional pathophysiological features of both the healthy brain (e.g. development) or the diseased brain (e. g. mental illness) and, in the latter case, may provide a more sensitive measure than unimodal imaging for disease classification, e. g. multimodal biomarkers, which potentially can be used to support clinical diagnosis based on neuroimaging techniques. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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- 2014
8. Heritability of Multivariate Gray Matter Measures in Schizophrenia
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John G. Csernansky, Randy L. Gollub, Vince D. Calhoun, Lei Wang, Beng-Choon Ho, S. Charles Schulz, Judith M. Segall, Steven G. Potkin, Andrew M. Michael, Jessica A. Turner, Stefan Ehrlich, Juan R. Bustillo, and Theo G.M. van Erp
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Adult ,Male ,Multivariate statistics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Quantitative trait locus ,Audiology ,computer.software_genre ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Article ,Young Adult ,Quantitative Trait, Heritable ,Voxel ,medicine ,Humans ,Sibling ,Psychiatry ,Genetics (clinical) ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Brain ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Organ Size ,Heritability ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Endophenotype ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Schizophrenia ,Female ,Psychology ,Occipital lobe ,computer - Abstract
Structural brain measures are employed as endophenotypes in the search for schizophrenia susceptibility genes. We analyzed two independent structural imaging datasets with voxel-based morphometry and with source-based morphometry, a multivariate, independent components analysis, to determine the stability and heritability of regional gray matter concentration abnormalities in schizophrenia. The samples comprised 209 and 102 patients with schizophrenia and 208 and 96 healthy volunteers, respectively. The second sample additionally included non-ill siblings of participants with and without schizophrenia. A standard voxel-based analysis showed reproducible regional gray matter deficits in the affected participants compared with unrelated, unaffected controls in both datasets: patients showed significant gray matter concentration deficits in cortical frontal, temporal, and insular lobes. Source-based morphometry (SBM) was applied to the gray matter images of the entire sample to determine the effects of diagnosis on networks of covarying structures. The SBM analysis extracted 24 significant sets of covarying regions (components). Four of these components showed significantly lower gray matter concentrations in patients (p < .05). We determined the familiality of the observed SBM components based on 66 sibling pairs (25 discordant for schizophrenia). Two components, one including the medial frontal, insular, inferior frontal, and temporal lobes, and the other including the posterior occipital lobe, showed significant familiality (p < .05). We conclude that structural brain deficits in schizophrenia are replicable, and that SBM can extract unique familial and likely heritable components. SBM provides a useful data reduction technique that can provide measures that may serve as endophenotypes for schizophrenia.
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- 2012
9. Does function follow form?: Methods to fuse structural and functional brain images show decreased linkage in schizophrenia
- Author
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Joshua L. Roffman, Judith M. Segall, Godfrey D. Pearlson, Kelvin O. Lim, Vince P. Clark, Andrew M. Michael, Stefi A. Baum, Tonya White, H. Jeremy Bockholt, Vince D. Calhoun, Beng-Choon Ho, Randy L. Gollub, S. Charles Schulz, Rex E. Jung, Nancy C. Andreasen, and Oguz Demirci
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Adult ,Male ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,computer.software_genre ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Brain mapping ,Article ,Text mining ,Voxel ,Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Humans ,Linkage (software) ,Brain Mapping ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Brain morphometry ,Brain ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Function (mathematics) ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Neurology ,Schizophrenia ,Female ,Psychology ,business ,Neuroscience ,computer - Abstract
When both structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) data are collected they are typically analyzed separately and the joint information is not examined. Techniques that examine joint information can help to find hidden traits in complex disorders such as schizophrenia. The brain is vastly interconnected, and local brain morphology may influence functional activity at distant regions. In this paper we introduce three methods to identify inter-correlations among sMRI and fMRI voxels within the whole brain. We apply these methods to examine sMRI gray matter data and fMRI data derived from an auditory sensorimotor task from a large study of schizophrenia. In Method 1 the sMRI-fMRI cross-correlation matrix is reduced to a histogram and results show that healthy controls (HC) have stronger correlations than do patients with schizophrenia (SZ). In Method 2 the spatial information of sMRI-fMRI correlations is retained. Structural regions in the cerebellum and frontal regions show more positive and more negative correlations, respectively, with functional regions in HC than in SZ. In Method 3 significant sMRI-fMRI inter-regional links are detected, with regions in the cerebellum showing more significant positive correlations with functional regions in HC relative to SZ. Results from all three methods indicate that the linkage between gray matter and functional activation is stronger in HC than SZ. The methods introduced can be easily extended to comprehensively correlate large data sets.
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- 2010
10. Voxel-based Morphometric Multisite Collaborative Study on Schizophrenia
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James T. Voyvodic, S. Charles Schulz, Vince D. Calhoun, Beng C. Ho, Judith M. Segall, Vince P. Clark, H. Jeremy Bockholt, Randy L. Gollub, Rex E. Jung, Robert W. McCarley, V. Magnotta, Michele T. Diaz, John Lauriello, Tonya White, Jessica A. Turner, and Theo G.M. van Erp
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Adult ,Male ,Psychosis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Schizoaffective disorder ,Audiology ,computer.software_genre ,Gyrus Cinguli ,Voxel ,medicine ,Medical imaging ,Humans ,Schizophreniform disorder ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Brain ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Temporal Lobe ,Frontal Lobe ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Frontal lobe ,Theme: Wide Spread Cortical Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: The FBIRN Imaging Consortium Guest Editors: Steven Potkin and Judith Ford ,Schizophrenia ,Female ,Psychology ,computer ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Regional gray matter (GM) abnormalities are well known to exist in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) has been previously used on structural magnetic resonance images (MRI) data to characterize these abnormalities. Two multisite schizophrenia studies, the Functional Biomedical Informatics Research Network and the Mind Clinical Imaging Consortium, which include 9 data collection sites, are evaluating the efficacy of pooling structural imaging data across imaging centers. Such a pooling of data could yield the increased statistical power needed to elucidate effects that may not be seen with smaller samples. VBM analyses were performed to evaluate the consistency of patient versus control gray matter concentration (GMC) differences across the study sites, as well as the effects of combining multisite data. Integration of data from both studies yielded a large sample of 503 subjects, including 266 controls and 237 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective or schizophreniform disorder. The data were analyzed using the combined sample, as well as analyzing each of the 2 multisite studies separately. A consistent pattern of reduced relative GMC in schizophrenia patients compared with controls was found across all study sites. Imaging center-specific effects were evaluated using a region of interest analysis. Overall, the findings support the use of VBM in combined multisite studies. This analysis of schizophrenics and controls from around the United States provides continued supporting evidence for GM deficits in the temporal lobes, anterior cingulate, and frontal regions in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
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- 2009
11. Patterns of Gray Matter Abnormalities in Schizophrenia Based on an International Mega-analysis
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Alejandro Arias-Vasquez, Andrew R. Mayer, Godfrey D. Pearlson, Judith M. Ford, Scott R. Sponheim, Vince D. Calhoun, Emma Sprooten, Srinivas Rachakonda, Julia M. Stephen, Steven G. Potkin, Marcel P. Zwiers, Simon E. Fisher, Barbara Franke, Theo G.M. van Erp, Cota Navin Gupta, Sarah McEwen, Lei Wang, Bryon A. Mueller, Jessica A. Turner, Hyo Jong Lee, Ingrid Agartz, Jiayu Chen, Juan R. Bustillo, Jingyu Liu, Judith M. Segall, Veena Patel, Ole A. Andreassen, Daniel H. Mathalon, Stefan Ehrlich, Douglas N. Greve, Randy L. Gollub, Jan K. Buitelaar, Rex E. Jung, Guillén Fernández, José M. Cañive, and David C. Glahn
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,education ,Stress-related disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 13] ,Inferior frontal gyrus ,computer.software_genre ,Severity of Illness Index ,Temporal lobe ,Young Adult ,Superior temporal gyrus ,Voxel ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Gray Matter ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Cerebral Cortex ,Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7] ,Regular Article ,Voxel-based morphometry ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Frontal lobe ,Schizophrenia ,Female ,Brainstem ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Cartography ,Insula ,computer - Abstract
© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved.Analyses of gray matter concentration (GMC) deficits in patients with schizophrenia (Sz) have identified robust changes throughout the cortex. We assessed the relationships between diagnosis, overall symptom severity, and patterns of gray matter in the largest aggregated structural imaging dataset to date. We performed both sourcebased morphometry (SBM) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses on GMC images from 784 Sz and 936 controls (Ct) across 23 scanning sites in Europe and the United States. After correcting for age, gender, site, and diagnosis by site interactions, SBM analyses showed 9 patterns of diagnostic differences. They comprised separate cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar regions. Seven patterns showed greater GMC in Ct than Sz, while 2 (brainstem and cerebellum) showed greater GMC for Sz. The greatest GMC deficit was in a single pattern comprising regions in the superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and medial frontal cortex, which replicated over analyses of data subsets. VBM analyses identified overall cortical GMC loss and one small cluster of increased GMC in Sz, which overlapped with the SBM brainstem component. We found no significant association between the component loadings and symptom severity in either analysis. This mega-analysis confirms that the commonly found GMC loss in Sz in the anterior temporal lobe, insula, and medial frontal lobe form a single, consistent spatial pattern even in such a diverse dataset. The separation of GMC loss into robust, repeatable spatial patterns across multiple datasets paves the way for the application of these methods to identify subtle genetic and clinical cohort effects.
- Published
- 2015
12. Multinuclear NMR Investigations of the Oxygen, Water, and Hydroxyl Environments in Sodium Hexaniobate
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Todd M. Alam, Judith M. Segall, May Nyman, Brian R. Cherry, and Leslie E. Lybarger
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Deuterium NMR ,Proton ,Chemistry ,Carbon-13 NMR satellite ,Sodium hexaniobate ,Inorganic chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of nucleic acids ,General Medicine ,Crystal structure ,General Chemistry ,Nuclear magnetic resonance crystallography ,Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,Fluorine-19 NMR ,Carbon-13 NMR ,Kinetic energy ,Oxygen ,Biochemistry ,Catalysis ,Bridging oxygen ,Crystallography ,Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,Cluster (physics) ,Transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy ,Double quantum - Abstract
Solid-state (1)H, (17)O MAS NMR, (1)H-(93)Nb TRAPDOR NMR, and (1)H double quantum 2D MAS NMR experiments were used to characterize the oxygen, water, and hydroxyl environments in the monoprotonated hexaniobate material, Na(7)[HNb(6)O(19)].15H(2)O. These solid-state NMR experiments demonstrate that the proton is located on the bridging oxygen of the [Nb(6)O(19)](8-) cluster. The solid-state NMR results also show that the NbOH protons are spatially isolated from similar protons, but undergo proton exchange with the water species located in the crystal lattice. On the basis of double quantum (1)H MAS NMR measurements, it was determined that the water species in the crystal lattice have restricted motional dynamics. Two-dimensional (1)H-(17)O MAS NMR correlation experiments show that these restricted waters are preferentially associated with the bridging oxygen. Solution (17)O NMR experiments show that the hydroxyl proton is also attached to the bridging oxygen for the compound in solution. In addition, solution (17)O NMR kinetic studies for the hexaniobate allowed the measurement of relative oxygen exchange rates between the bridging, terminal, and hydroxyl oxygen and the oxygen of the solvent as a function of pH and temperature. These NMR experiments are some of the first investigations into the proton location, oxygen and proton exchange processes, and water dynamics for a base stable polyoxoniobate material, and they provide insight into the chemistry and reactivity of these materials.
- Published
- 2004
13. Structural perturbations on the bridging oxygen 17O NMR EFG parameters in ultraphosphates: an ab initio study
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Judith M. Segall and Todd M. Alam
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Coupling constant ,Field (physics) ,Chemistry ,Ab initio ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Biochemistry ,Crystallography ,Molecular geometry ,Ab initio quantum chemistry methods ,Computational chemistry ,Cluster (physics) ,Molecular orbital ,Density functional theory ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry - Abstract
Ab initio molecular orbital calculations (Hartree–Fock, HF and density functional theory, DFT) of the 17 O NMR electrical field gradient (EFG) parameters for the bridging oxygen (O B ) in the model cluster H 4 P 2 O 7 are presented. The variation of the quadrupolar coupling constant ( C Q ) and asymmetry parameter ( η Q ) for the EFG of the bridging oxygen was shown to be a function of both the bridging P–O B –P bond angle and the OP–O B –PO conformation. These ab initio calculations allowed empirical relationships between the 17 O NMR EFG parameters and the P–O B –P bond angle to be tabulated for a wide range of OP–O B –PO conformations. For experimentally realistic ranges of the P–O B –P bond angle, the 17 O NMR EFG parameters are dominated by variations in the P–O B –P bond angle, with minor changes due to the OP–O B –PO conformation. These calculations also demonstrated systematic differences in the predicted 17 O EFG parameters obtained using HF and DFT level of theory.
- Published
- 2004
14. Resuscitating Hypothermic Dogs after 2 Hours of Circulatory Arrest Below 6°C
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Harold D. Waitz, John Whitehair, Paul E. Segall, Hal Sternberg, Stephen Kehrer, George V Letsou, Marc L. Leavitt, Eugene M Breznock, Shawn Shermer, Robert S. Kurtz, Judith M. Segall, Mark A. Voelker, and Roger Jacobs
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Male ,Resuscitation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Plasma Substitutes ,Blood Pressure ,Hypothermia ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Blood substitute ,law.invention ,Dogs ,law ,Intensive care ,medicine ,Cardiopulmonary bypass ,Animals ,Hetastarch ,business.industry ,Shock ,Recovery of Function ,Heart Arrest ,Surgery ,Survival Rate ,Disease Models, Animal ,Anesthesia ,Circulatory system ,Fluid Therapy ,Female ,Blood Gas Analysis ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Perfusion - Abstract
Background: Ultraprofound hypothermia may have a place in trauma rescue and resuscitation. We describe resuscitation of dogs after asanguhteous perfusion and circulatory arrest of 2 hours at 2° to 4°C. Methods: Nine dogs were cooled using a bypass apparatus and their circulating blood replaced with bicarbonated Hextend (Abbott, North Chicago, IL). Perfusion was continued to 2° to 4°C, and 60 mL of 2 mol/L KCl and 20 mL of 50% MgSO 4 .7H 2 O were infused intra-arterially, and circulation was arrested for 2 hours. The dogs were then rewarmed, transfused, defibrillated, weaned from bypass, and allowed to awaken. Preoperative and postoperative biochemistry and hematology were compared. Results: Six dogs recovered fully. One of these dogs died of an infection 2 weeks later. Three other dogs never recovered because of technical or procedural difficulties. Biochemical and hematologic parameters were normal by 3 weeks. Conclusion: Hypothermic blood substitution with Hextend allows resuscitation after 2 hours of ice-cold circulatory arrest in dogs.
- Published
- 2003
15. WITHDRAWN: Erratum to 'Does function follow form?: Methods to fuse structural and functional brain images show decreased linkage in schizophrenia' [NeuroImage 49 (2010) 2626-2637]
- Author
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Godfrey D. Pearlson, Tonya White, Vince D. Calhoun, Randy L. Gollub, S. Charles Schulz, Kelvin O. Lim, Vince P. Clark, Joshua L. Roffman, Andrew M. Michael, Nancy C. Andreasen, Judith M. Segall, Stefi A. Baum, H. Jeremy Bockholt, Beng-Choon Ho, Oguz Demirci, and Rex E. Jung
- Subjects
Linkage (software) ,Functional brain ,Fuse (automotive) ,Neurology ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming) ,Function (mathematics) ,Psychology ,Neuroscience - Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
- Published
- 2010
16. Cortical thickness and subcortical gray matter reductions in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus
- Author
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Clifford Qualls, Carlos A. Roldan, Rex E. Jung, Rachael G. Grazioplene, Wilmer L. Sibbitt, and Judith M. Segall
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Caudate nucleus ,lcsh:Medicine ,Biology ,Brain mapping ,Lateralization of brain function ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Atrophy ,Neuroimaging ,medicine ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Lupus vasculitis ,lcsh:Science ,030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,Brain Mapping ,Multidisciplinary ,Putamen ,Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System ,lcsh:R ,Neurological Disorders/Cerebrovascular Disease ,Radiology and Medical Imaging/Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Brain ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Subcortical gray matter ,Neurological Disorders/Neuroimaging ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Rheumatology/Systemic Lupus Erythematosos ,Case-Control Studies ,Regression Analysis ,Female ,lcsh:Q ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article - Abstract
Within systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients can be divided into groups with and without central nervous system involvement, the latter being subcategorized as neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). While a number of research groups have investigated NPSLE, there remains a lack of consistent application of this diagnostic criteria within neuroimaging studies. Previous neuroimaging research suggests that SLE patients have reduced subcortical and regional gray matter volumes when compared to controls, and that these group differences may be driven by SLE patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms. The current study sought to compare measures of cortical thickness and subcortical structure volume between NPSLE, SLE, and healthy controls. We hypothesized that patients with NPSLE (N = 21) would have thinner cortex and reduced subcortical gray matter volumes when compared to SLE (N = 16) and control subjects (N = 21). All subjects underwent MRI examinations on a 1.5 Tesla Siemens Sonata scanner. Anatomical reconstruction and segmentation were performed using the FreeSurfer image analysis suite. Cortical and subcortical volumes were extracted from FreeSurfer and analyzed for group differences, controlling for age. The NPSLE group exhibited decreased cortical thickness in clusters of the left frontal and parietal lobes as well as in the right parietal and occipital lobes compared to control subjects. Compared to the SLE group, the NPSLE group exhibited comparable thinning in clusters of the frontal and temporal lobes. Controlling for age, we found that between group effects for subcortical gray matter structures were significant for the thalamus (F = 3.06, p = .04), caudate nucleus (F = 3.19, p = .03), and putamen (F = 4.82, p = .005). These results clarify previous imaging work identifying cortical atrophy in a mixed SLE and NPSLE group, and suggest that neuroanatomical abnormalities are specific to SLE patients diagnosed with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Future work should help elucidate the underlying mechanisms underlying the emerging neurobiological profile seen in NPSLE, as well as clarify the apparent lack of overlap between cortical thinning and functional activation results and other findings pointing to increased functional activation during cognitive tasks.
- Published
- 2010
17. Neuroanatomy of creativity
- Author
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Ranee A. Flores, Judith M. Segall, H. Jeremy Bockholt, Rex E. Jung, Richard J. Haier, Shirley M. Smith, and Robert S. Chavez
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Male ,Psychometrics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,Cohort Studies ,Creativity ,Lingual gyrus ,Young Adult ,Neuroimaging ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Humans ,Computer Simulation ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,media_common ,Cerebral Cortex ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,Novelty ,Brain ,Cognition ,Organ Size ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Anatomy ,Psychology ,Monte Carlo Method ,Divergent thinking ,Neuroanatomy - Abstract
Creativity has long been a construct of interest to philosophers, psychologists and, more recently, neuroscientists. Recent efforts have focused on cognitive processes likely to be important to the manifestation of novelty and usefulness within a given social context. One such cognitive process – divergent thinking – is the process by which one extrapolates many possible answers to an initial stimulus or target data set. We sought to link well established measures of divergent thinking and creative achievement (Creative Achievement Questionnaire – CAQ) to cortical thickness in a cohort of young (23.7 ± 4.2 years), healthy subjects. Three independent judges ranked the creative products of each subject using the consensual assessment technique (Amabile, 1982) from which a “composite creativity index” (CCI) was derived. Structural magnetic resonance imaging was obtained at 1.5 Tesla Siemens scanner. Cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation were performed with the FreeSurfer image analysis suite. A region within the lingual gyrus was negatively correlated with CCI; the right posterior cingulate correlated positively with the CCI. For the CAQ, lower left lateral orbitofrontal volume correlated with higher creative achievement; higher cortical thickness was related to higher scores on the CAQ in the right angular gyrus. This is the first study to link cortical thickness measures to psychometric measures of creativity. The distribution of brain regions, associated with both divergent thinking and creative achievement, suggests that cognitive control of information flow among brain areas may be critical to understanding creative cognition. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Published
- 2009
18. Analytical investigation of AlCl[3]/SO[2]Cl[2] catholyte materials for secondary fuze reserve batteries
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Mark A. Rodriguez, Manuel Garcia, Judith M. Segall, Nicholas L. Andrews, R. L. Simpson, Nancy H. Clark, Brian Ray Cherry, Todd M. Alam, Paul C. Butler, Timothy J. Boyle, David Ingersoll, Louis A. Malizia, and David R. Tallant
- Subjects
Dimer ,Mineralogy ,Reaction intermediate ,Electrochemistry ,Adduct ,Metal ,symbols.namesake ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crystallography ,Octahedron ,chemistry ,visual_art ,symbols ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Raman spectroscopy ,Single crystal - Abstract
Exploration of the fundamental chemical behavior of the AlCl{sub 3}/SO{sub 2}Cl{sub 2} catholyte system for the ARDEC Self-Destruct Fuze Reserve Battery Project under accelerated aging conditions was completed using a variety of analytical tools. Four different molecular species were identified in this solution, three of which are major. The relative concentrations of the molecular species formed were found to depend on aging time, initial concentrations, and storage temperature, with each variable affecting the kinetics and thermodynamics of this complex reaction system. We also evaluated the effect of water on the system, and determined that it does not play a role in dictating the observed molecular species present in solution. The first Al-containing species formed was identified as the dimer [Al({mu}-Cl)Cl{sub 2}]{sub 2}, and was found to be in equilibrium with the monomer, AlCl{sub 3}. The second species formed in the reaction scheme was identified by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies as [Cl{sub 2}Al({mu}-O{sub 2}SCl)]{sub 2} (I), a scrambled AlCl{sub 3}{center_dot}SO{sub 2} adduct. The SO{sub 2}(g) present, as well as CL{sub 2}(g), was formed through decomposition of SO{sub 2}CL{sub 2}. The SO{sub 2}(g) generated was readily consumed by AlCl{sub 3} to form the adduct 1 which was experimentally verified when 1 was also isolated from the reaction of SO{sub 2}(g) and AlCl {sub 3}. The third species found was tentatively identified as a compound having the general formula {l_brace}[Al(O)Cl{sub 2}][OSCl{sub 2}]{r_brace}{sub n}. This was based on {sup 27}Al NMR data that revealed a species with tetrahedrally coordinated Al metal centers with increased oxygen coordination and the fact that the precipitate, or gel, that forms over time was shown by Raman spectroscopic studies to possess a component that is consistent with SOCl{sub 2}. The precursor to the precipitate should have similar constituents, thus the assignment of {l_brace}[Al(O)Cl{sub 2}][OSCl{sub 2}]{r_brace}{sub n}. The precipitate was further identified by solid state {sup 27}Al MAS NMR data to possess predominantly octahedral A1 metal center which implies {l_brace}[Al(O)Cl{sub 2}][OSCl{sub 2}]{r_brace}{sub n} must undergo some internal rearrangements. A reaction sequence has been proposed to account for the various molecular species identified in this complex reaction mixture during the aging process. The metallurgical welds were of high quality. These results were all visually determined there was no mechanical testing performed. However, it is recommended that the end plate geometry and weld be changed. If the present weld strength, based on .003' - .005' penetration, is sufficient for unit performance, the end plate thickness can be reduced to .005' instead of the .020' thickness. This will enable the plug to be stamped so that it can form a cap rather than a plug and solve existing problems and increase the amount of catholyte which may be beneficial to battery performance.
- Published
- 2004
19. Chemistry of a novel family of tridentate alkoxy tin(II) clusters
- Author
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Mark A. Rodriguez, Timothy J. Boyle, Todd M. Alam, Jessica M. Santana, and Judith M. Segall
- Subjects
Stereochemistry ,Chemistry ,Carbon-13 ,General Chemistry ,Crystal structure ,Biochemistry ,Medicinal chemistry ,Catalysis ,Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,Yield (chemistry) ,X-ray crystallography ,Alkoxy group ,Molecule ,SN2 reaction ,Stoichiometry - Abstract
The chemical interconversions observed for a novel family of trihydroxymethyl ethane (THME-H(3)) ligated Sn(II) compounds have been determined using single-crystal X-ray and (119)Sn NMR experiments. (mu-THME)(2)Sn(3) (1) was isolated from the reaction of 3 equiv of [Sn(NR(2))(2)](2) (R = SiMe(3)) with 4 equiv of THME as a unique trinuclear species capped above and below the plane of Sn atoms by two THME ligands. Upon reaction with "Sn(NR(2))(2)", compound 1 rearranged to yield another novel molecule [(mu-THME)Sn(2)(NR(2))](2) (2). Compound 2 could also be formed directly from the stoichiometric mixture of THME-H(3) and [Sn(NR(2))(2)](2). Further studies revealed that 1 would also rearrange in the presence of Sn(OR)(2) to form [(mu-THME)Sn(2)(mu-OR)](2) [OR = OMe (3), OCH(2)Me (4), OCH(2)CH(Me)CH(2)CH(3) (5), OCH(2)CMe(3) (6, ONep), OC(6)H(5) (7, not structurally characterized), OC(6)H(4)Me-3 (8), OC(6)H(4)Me-2 (9), OC(6)H(3)(Me)(2)-2,6 (10), OC(6)H(3)(CHMe(2))(2)-2,6 (11). Additionally, 3-11 could by synthesized from the reaction of 2 and the appropriate H-OR. (119)Sn solution NMR studies of 2-11, in THF-d(8), indicate that an equilibrium between the parent complex and its disassociation products (1 and the free parent Sn alkoxy or amide precursor) exists at room temperature. This is a likely reason behind the ease of interconversion observed for 1. The generality of this exchange was further verified through the reaction of 1 with [Ti(mu-ONep)(ONep)(3)](2), which led to the isolation of (mu-ONep)(2)Sn(3)(mu-THME)(2)Ti(ONep)(2) (12). For 12, the solid-state structure was maintained in solution with no indication of an equilibrium.
- Published
- 2002
20. Assessing Blood Replacement Fluids For Organ Preservation and Low Temperature Surgery
- Author
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Harold D. Waitz, Hal Sternberg, Judith M. Segall, and Paul E. Segall
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Blood replacement ,business.industry ,Small animal ,Organ dysfunction ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Surgery - Abstract
Here we describe a small animal model for assessing blood replacement fluids for organ preservation and low-temperature surgery. Since aging results in organ dysfunction and vascular abnormalities, such technology is of great relevance to the elderly.
- Published
- 1999
21. Inter-Voxel Cross-Correlation Reveals Aberrantly Low Structural-Functional Linkage in Schizophrenia in a Multi-Site Study
- Author
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Tonya White, Judith M. Segall, S.C. Schulz, Ko Lim, Beng-Choon Ho, Stefi A. Baum, Vince P. Clark, Re Jung, Andrew M. Michael, Joshua L. Roffman, Nancy C. Andreasen, HJ Bockholt, V.D. Calhoun, and Randy L. Gollub
- Subjects
Neurology ,Cross-correlation ,Voxel ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming) ,Multi site ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Functional linkage ,computer.software_genre ,computer - Published
- 2009
22. Resuscitating Hypothermic Dogs after 2 Hours of Circulatory Arrest Below 6°C.
- Author
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George V. Letsou, Eugene M. Breznock, John Whitehair, Robert S. Kurtz, Roger Jacobs, Marc L. Leavitt, Hal Sternberg, Shawn Shermer, Stephen Kehrer, Judith M. Segall, Mark A. Voelker, Harold D. Waitz, and Paul E. Segall
- Published
- 2003
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