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Over The Last decade, new software processes have appeared that emphasize collaboration among people involved in creating successful software. For example, agile methods stress collaboration between development teams and business clients, 1 and DevOps emphasizes better collaboration between development teams and deployment teams.

Buber's concepts of I-It and I-Thou are well known, yet his understandings of a dialogical process and dialogical knowing are less evident in the literature. This article briefly details a unique Buberian dialogical research methodology, devised for research into psychological and emotional abuse in families. Informed by Buber's premise that dialogue is the source of knowing, this methodology privileges the intersubjectivity between participant and researcher. It is operationalized in methods that highlight the dialogical process within the research interview, from which dialogical knowing may emerge. Analysis of the intersubjective process is based on the conceptualization of five poetic images that recur in Buber's work, as illustrated in the micro-analysis contained in this article. It suggests that a Buberian methodology offers deeper and more nuanced understandings of the subjective experiences of vulnerable participants and of theoretical knowledge about a sensitive topic. Practitioner points Buber's scholarship highlights the ideas of dialogical process and dialogical knowing A Buberian research methodology requires intersubjectivity to be privileged in analysis, before the consideration of subjective experience or theoretical knowledge Intersubjective analysis may be operationalized by a conceptualization of Buber's poetic images Dialogical moments may occur within the research interview, from which dialogical knowing may emerge

Open Dialogue is an approach to working with people and their families experiencing psychosocial distress. Interest in Open Dialogue in Australia has been growing recently, raising questions about its adaption and implementation to local contexts. This article is an attempt to answer some of the frequently asked questions we have encountered in training and discussions about Open Dialogue. We attempt to provide responses to questions of how Open Dialogue is different to what is done already, how it fits with current approaches, how you know if you are doing it, whether it is passive or just about doing reflections, issues about including the social network, and concerns about the evidence base. This article aims to present a variety of viewpoints in relation to these questions and to hopefully further discussions on how Open Dialogue can be implemented and adapted to Australian health care and social care contexts.

The philosophy of Martin Buber, the author of the seminal text I and Thou, offers profound insights into the dialogical approach to family therapy and research, in particular the understanding of the moment-to-moment relational encounters between therapist and client, or researcher and participant. This paper provides an introduction to Buber's dialogical philosophy of relation as based on his extensive writing. It opens Buber's scholarship beyond the ideas of the I-It and I-Thou relationships, to explore a relational process involving an ongoing movement between I-It and I-Thou. The author's conceptualisation suggests that Buber's poetic terms reveal different layers of this dialogical process that may lead to intersubjective moments, those which offer dialogical knowing and the possibility of transformation. The author proposes that such an understanding may increase the therapist's and researcher's awareness, sensitivity and attunement to this dialogical process and to moments of dialogical knowing.

This paper focuses on the clinical practice of open dialogues in Finland and articulates some challenges and resonances for clinicians of this way of working. It is a collaborative paper based on a series of reflecting conversations in a North–South dialogue between four Finnish family therapists and an Australian family therapist. The paper begins with an overview of the context of open dialogues in Finland. It then introduces each individual Finnish therapist, followed by dyadic reflecting conversations about the work, before moving to a joint North–South dialogue where all voices join together in responding to each other's contributions. The clinical practice of open dialogues is revealed as ways of thinking, doing and being in relation to self, client, family, networks, and colleagues. Mutual understanding between all involved in the work emerges as a core theme. The paper offers the clinical wisdom of the Finnish therapists to those interested in adapting this way of working to the Australian and New Zealand context.

Much of the literature on mothering a child with a disability focuses on grief in the context of diagnosis, with a paucity of longitudinal studies focusing on ongoing grief as the child moves through the life stages. This qualitative study explores the existence of recurrent grief within the lived experience of six women, in mothering their children with intellectual disability through to young adulthood. Informed by the differing theories of grief and disability, the study considers mothers' perception of the experience of recurrent grief as influenced by personal and societal factors, with a focus on its triggers, its manifestation and its amelioration. The findings have relevance to social work practice, policy and research in revealing the necessity for ongoing support and advocacy for mothers of children and young adults with intellectual disabilities.

In the family therapy literature there is increasing interest in the dialogical approach, particularly as it becomes well-grounded in psychotherapy research. One embodiment is ‘open dialogues’, which has developed over a 30-year period in Western Lapland, Finland. This paper outlines my experience of visiting Keropudas Hospital in Tornio, Finland, the birthplace of open dialogues. It explores the seven theoretical principles of open dialogues, associated elements of clinical practice, and the therapist use of self. The author utilises these aspects to reflect on dialogical moments through words and images based on three conceptual themes, which illustrate the relevance of open dialogues for family therapy practitioners and their contexts.

Foster parents often despair over the lack of information about the past experience of the children in their care, particularly with children who have experienced infant trauma and neglect. In the context of family therapy these unknowns pose both a challenge and an opportunity. The author proposes that foster children gives clues to their past experiences in therapeutic moments, which the therapist may recognize as a result of her own inner conversation. In conjunction with a sound theoretical knowledge of infant trauma and neglect, these moments have the capacity to open a dialogue in the relationships between therapist, child and foster family. This dialogical process offers an opportunity for the child's past experience of infant trauma and neglect to be expressed in silence, and the foster parent's present experience to be heard in stillness, opening for them a way to go on beyond the family therapy sessions.

The primary aim of the three Milan principles of hypothesising, circularity and neutrality was to proffer an effective methodology for interviewing families, with a secondary aim of casting off the stereotypical personal therapist qualities such as intuition, charisma and concern. The progression of the principles from the original Milan model through to contemporary approaches is intriguing. The following article consists of two sections. First it tracks the progression of the three principles through the Milan, post-Milan and postmodern approaches to family therapy. Given their recursive nature, they are revealed as responsive to developments in theory and practice, as well as the influence of the wider societal context. The second section of the article explores hypothesising, circularity and neutrality in the contemporary approach of dialogical family therapy. The relevance of the three principles to the therapeutic process, the therapeutic role and the therapeutic relationship is considered. Such an exploration does not seek definitive answers or ‘truths’, but seeks to conceptualise a vague ‘knowing’ that there is continual learning and growth in grappling with the tensions in this field, in remaining ever curious, in asking the questions …

PEOPLE OFTEN REFER TO MY ACCOUNTS of the lives of two of modern India's "founding fathers," M. K. Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, as "biographies."1 However, I do not see myself as a biographer, or these works as biographies, in the accepted sense of tracking and interpreting a life from the cradle to the grave, and, more problematically, of taking the individual as the only intellectual and analytical center of the argument. Readers who look for that sort of account of the life of these two men will find areas of their lives dealt with in passing rather than in depth, precisely because they do not illuminate the core problems that I investigate. (To take an obvious example, those who want a detailed and sensational account of Nehru's relationship with the wife of the last British viceroy will be disappointed. Quite apart from the constraints of historical evidence, what seems to me more significant than its precise physical character is her role as a sounding board and confidante, mostly in lengthy letters, over the early years of independence and most of his prime ministership, and what this tells us about his isolated position and his major concerns.) I see myself not as a biographer but as a historian of a time and region-South Asia from the late nineteenth to the late twentieth centuries-who uses the medium of

Agile software development is characterized by very intensive communication and collaboration among members of the software development team and external stakeholders. In this context, we look specifically at cardwalls, noting that despite the wide availability of digital cardwalls, most Agile teams still use physical cardwalls to support their collaborative events. This is true even though a physical cardwall hinders efficient distributed software development and causes extra effort to capture story artefacts into digital tools to meet traceability and persistence requirements. We conducted two empirical studies in industry to understand the use of existing digital Agile cardwalls and to find out the needs for an ideal digital Agile cardwall. The first study was with eight Agile teams of committed digital cardwall users. The study showed the reasons why some teams use projected digital cardwalls and their detailed experiences with them. The study showed that most digital cardwalls seem not be sufficient for the highly interactive and collaborative Agile workstyle. The second study was with eleven Agile companies. The study comprised of the development of aWall, a software prototype of a large interactive high-resolution multi-touch display that supports varied Agile meetings where cardwalls are used. The results of the study emerged with design considerations for digital Agile cardwalls from the evaluation of aWall in a user workshop. Both studies, which were conducted concurrently, began with an interest in new large interactive surface technologies which might have the potential to provide not only the required interaction possibilities to support intensive collaboration, but also the required large display format necessary for a collaborative space. The results of the studies collectively seem to confirm our assumption, that large interactive surface technologies could bring the support for the collaboration of Agile teams to a new level, potentially making the teams more productive.

This chapter relates to human factors in computer security, and how surface technology might support security analysis. This specific domain allowed us to investigate surface application design and development in an established context, and thus learn how the real needs of the domain might best be supported. Throughout, we were fortunate to have partners in industry and government working in the domain who were able to give us advice and feedback. A number of projects were conducted over the span of our research program, each one offering findings that informed later projects. In this chapter, we provide an outline of our work, summarizing each of the main projects and their findings. We cover: (1) a literature review. (2) Ethnographic studies of firstly operators and technicians in seven operations centres, and secondly a team of ten professional analysts working in the security domain; (3) ACH Walkthrough, a collaborative web-based decision-making tool; (4) Ra, a tool that supports rollback, playback and other explorative actions when using web applications like ACH Walkthrough; and (5) Strata, a tool that allows for the annotation of web applications, enabling the work of collaborative teams.

In Agile software development, key artefacts used to support the process are the User Story (usually recorded on a Storycard) and Story Cardwall (usually a dedicated portion of a wall). These low-fidelity tools work together to help teams stay focused and self-manage their projects. The need to support distributed teams and team members makes the physical Cardwall impractical and teams are therefore migrating towards digital story management tools. We conducted field studies of 8 Agile teams using digital Cardwalls, and performed qualitative data analysis to understand patterns of usages and user needs. We identify issues to address in the design of digital Cardwalls.

The subject of this essay is Jawaharlal Nehru, one of the last great Victorians in the British Empire. Born in 1889, he died just over forty years ago, in May 1964, having been his country's first ...

A new process, evaporative precipitation into aqueous solution (EPAS) has been developed to coat poorly water soluble drugs, in this case carbamazepine, with hydrophilic stabilizers to enhance dissolution rates. A heated organic solution of the drug in dichloromethane is sprayed though a fine nozzle into a heated aqueous solution. The rapid evaporation of the organic solvent produces high supersaturation and rapid precipitation of the drug in the form of a colloidal suspension that is stabilized by a variety of low molecular weight and polymeric surfactants. The stabilizer adsorbs to the drug surface and prevents particle growth and crystallization during the spray process. The suspensions are dried by spray drying or ultra-rapid freezing. The high dissolution rates are a consequence of the following advantages of the EPAS process: a small primary particle size, a hydrophilic coating on the particles that enhances wetting, and low crystallinity.

Purpose. To develop and demonstrate a novel particle engineering technology, spray freezing into liquid (SFL), to enhance the dissolution rates of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of micronization technique on performance and stability of the model drug formulated in a suspension-based pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI). The model drug, triamcinolone acetonide (TAA), was subjected to ball milling or air-jet milling prior to formulation of the pMDI. The dose delivery characteristics of the emitted aerosol cloud were monitored for the ball-milled, air-jet-milled, and unmicronized TAA pMDI formulations prior to and after storage at 25 and 40 degrees C. Cascade impaction was used to determine the aerodynamic particle size distribution of the emitted dose. Both micronization techniques reduced the drug particle size distribution and the polydispersity of the drug particles to a similar extent, but the ball-milling technique reduced the crystallinity of the drug to a greater degree compared to the air-jet-milling technique. The air-jet-milled and unmicronized TAA pMDI displayed similar aerodynamic particle size distributions of the emitted aerosol and respirable fractions over the storage period. The ball-milled TAA resulted in a pMDI formulation with the smallest aerodynamically sized particles and the highest respirable fraction compared to the air-jet-milled or unmicronized TAA pMDI formulations. The micronization techniques significantly influenced the dose delivery characteristics as a result of different initial particle size distributions, amorphous contents, and surface energies.

Recent events in the Arab world have sharpened and widened public interest in the way states can be broken and made. Since the end of the Second World War the world has seen three great waves of state-breaking and state-making: the end of European empires; the collapse of the Soviet Union; and the contemporary ‘Arab Spring’. By revisiting an example from the first of these great waves, perhaps the greatest ‘imperial ending’—the end of British imperial rule in India in 1947, this lecture investigates issues which may prove instructive in probing the dynamics of other phases of turbulence in the structures and nature of states. It addresses four major questions which are relevant across the many different episodes of state breaking and making, with the help of evidence from the case of the South Asian subcontinent. What is the relationship between state and society and the patterns of relationship which help to determine the nature and vulnerability of the state? What makes a viable and destabilising opposition to the imperial state? What is the nature of the breaking or collapse of that state? How are states refashioned out of the inheritance of the previous regime and the breaking process?

We study complex work environments to enable innovative improvements. In this paper we report on a technique we have created to depict the complex work environments of operators in IT operations control centers, developed after a 3-day field study in a large operations center. Because of security issues and tight time constraints on the operators' work, this environment is not accessible to software teams. The technique is a Day-in-the-life scenario, which extends on the work of personas and scenarios. The scenario has two forms: a narrative, and a diagram. Our narrative captures typical daily events in the life of the operator and conveys the gist of their day in terms of attentional focus and tensions between and within their activities. The Day-in-the-life diagram uses the UML sequence diagram notation to depict the narrative visually, bringing important details of the day to the fore. These techniques especially capture the many activities of operators and the subsequent demands on an operators' attention.

Several years ago I stood on the shore at Cochin, an ancient port south of Bombay, and looked out across the Arabian sea towards the Arabian peninsula, and it became abundantly clear from the many craft, old and new in their design, that this was a gateway, and that the sea was a highway as much as a boundary. Many rulers of India and historians of the subcontinent have assumed that the Indian subcontinent is above all a great land mass — the size of Europe without Russia — and that control of India means control of land. This was not surprising as most premodern invaders made their way into India by land from the north. Even the British, above all a seafaring people, whose control of India depended on their global supremacy at sea, assumed that the heart of India was its villages, and that control of land and its resources, and alliances with groups who controlled those who laboured on the land, were the key to their empire. Moreover, they assumed that most Indians were a sedentary, settled people, tied to their natal villages by bonds of livelihood and emotion. Even as late as 1921 one of the most important European Indian civil servants involved in producing the decennial census that year drew on this long-held imperial assumption and noted ‘the home-loving character of the Indian people, which is the result of economic and social causes, and of the immobility of an agricultural population rooted to the ground, fenced in by caste, language and social customs and filled with an innate dread of change of any kind.’1