30 results on '"Jud, Werner"'
Search Results
2. Constraining nucleation, condensation, and chemistry in oxidation flow reactors using size-distribution measurements and aerosol microphysical modeling
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Hodshire, Anna L, Palm, Brett B, Alexander, M Lizabeth, Bian, Qijing, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, Cross, Eben S, Day, Douglas A, de Sá, Suzane S, Guenther, Alex B, Hansel, Armin, Hunter, James F, Jud, Werner, Karl, Thomas, Kim, Saewung, Kroll, Jesse H, Park, Jeong-Hoo, Peng, Zhe, Seco, Roger, Smith, James N, Jimenez, Jose L, and Pierce, Jeffrey R
- Subjects
Earth Sciences ,Atmospheric Sciences ,Aging ,Climate Action ,Astronomical and Space Sciences ,Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences ,Atmospheric sciences ,Climate change science - Abstract
Oxidation flow reactors (OFRs) allow the concentration of a given atmospheric oxidant to be increased beyond ambient levels in order to study secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and aging over varying periods of equivalent aging by that oxidant. Previous studies have used these reactors to determine the bulk OA mass and chemical evolution. To our knowledge, no OFR study has focused on the interpretation of the evolving aerosol size distributions. In this study, we use size-distribution measurements of the OFR and an aerosol microphysics model to learn about size-dependent processes in the OFR. Specifically, we use OFR exposures between 0.09 and 0.9 equivalent days of OH aging from the 2011 BEACHON-RoMBAS and GoAmazon2014/5 field campaigns. We use simulations in the TOMAS (TwO-Moment Aerosol Sectional) microphysics box model to constrain the following parameters in the OFR: (1) the rate constant of gas-phase functionalization reactions of organic compounds with OH, (2) the rate constant of gas-phase fragmentation reactions of organic compounds with OH, (3) the reactive uptake coefficient for heterogeneous fragmentation reactions with OH, (4) the nucleation rate constants for three different nucleation schemes, and (5) an effective accommodation coefficient that accounts for possible particle diffusion limitations of particles larger than 60nm in diameter. We find the best model-to-measurement agreement when the accommodation coefficient of the larger particles (Dp>60nm) was 0.1 or lower (with an accommodation coefficient of 1 for smaller particles), which suggests a diffusion limitation in the larger particles. When using these low accommodation-coefficient values, the model agrees with measurements when using a published H2SO4-organics nucleation mechanism and previously published values of rate constants for gas-phase oxidation reactions. Further, gas-phase fragmentation was found to have a significant impact upon the size distribution, and including fragmentation was necessary for accurately simulating the distributions in the OFR. The model was insensitive to the value of the reactive uptake coefficient on these aging timescales. Monoterpenes and isoprene could explain 24%-95% of the observed change in total volume of aerosol in the OFR, with ambient semivolatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (S/IVOCs) appearing to explain the remainder of the change in total volume. These results provide support to the mass-based findings of previous OFR studies, give insight to important size-distribution dynamics in the OFR, and enable the design of future OFR studies focused on new particle formation and/or microphysical processes.
- Published
- 2018
3. Sniffing fungi – phenotyping of volatile chemical diversity in Trichoderma species
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Guo, Yuan, Jud, Werner, Ghirardo, Andrea, Antritter, Felix, Benz, J. Philipp, Schnitzler, Jörg-Peter, and Rosenkranz, Maaria
- Published
- 2020
4. The effect of acid-base clustering and ions on the growth of atmospheric nano-particles.
- Author
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Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Rondo, Linda, Kontkanen, Jenni, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Jokinen, Tuija, Sarnela, Nina, Kürten, Andreas, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Franchin, Alessandro, Nieminen, Tuomo, Riccobono, Francesco, Sipilä, Mikko, Yli-Juuti, Taina, Duplissy, Jonathan, Adamov, Alexey, Ahlm, Lars, Almeida, João, Amorim, Antonio, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Dommen, Josef, Downard, Andrew J, Dunne, Eimear M, Flagan, Richard C, Guida, Roberto, Hakala, Jani, Hansel, Armin, Jud, Werner, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kerminen, Veli-Matti, Keskinen, Helmi, Kim, Jaeseok, Kirkby, Jasper, Kupc, Agnieszka, Kupiainen-Määttä, Oona, Laaksonen, Ari, Lawler, Michael J, Leiminger, Markus, Mathot, Serge, Olenius, Tinja, Ortega, Ismael K, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Praplan, Arnaud, Rissanen, Matti P, Ruuskanen, Taina, Santos, Filipe D, Schallhart, Simon, Schnitzhofer, Ralf, Simon, Mario, Smith, James N, Tröstl, Jasmin, Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios, Tomé, António, Vaattovaara, Petri, Vehkamäki, Hanna, Vrtala, Aron E, Wagner, Paul E, Williamson, Christina, Wimmer, Daniela, Winkler, Paul M, Virtanen, Annele, Donahue, Neil M, Carslaw, Kenneth S, Baltensperger, Urs, Riipinen, Ilona, Curtius, Joachim, Worsnop, Douglas R, and Kulmala, Markku
- Abstract
The growth of freshly formed aerosol particles can be the bottleneck in their survival to cloud condensation nuclei. It is therefore crucial to understand how particles grow in the atmosphere. Insufficient experimental data has impeded a profound understanding of nano-particle growth under atmospheric conditions. Here we study nano-particle growth in the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoors Droplets) chamber, starting from the formation of molecular clusters. We present measured growth rates at sub-3 nm sizes with different atmospherically relevant concentrations of sulphuric acid, water, ammonia and dimethylamine. We find that atmospheric ions and small acid-base clusters, which are not generally accounted for in the measurement of sulphuric acid vapour, can participate in the growth process, leading to enhanced growth rates. The availability of compounds capable of stabilizing sulphuric acid clusters governs the magnitude of these effects and thus the exact growth mechanism. We bring these observations into a coherent framework and discuss their significance in the atmosphere.
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- 2016
5. Volatile organic compound patterns predict fungal trophic mode and lifestyle
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Guo, Yuan, Jud, Werner, Weikl, Fabian, Ghirardo, Andrea, Junker, Robert R., Polle, Andrea, Benz, J. Philipp, Pritsch, Karin, Schnitzler, Jörg-Peter, and Rosenkranz, Maaria
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- 2021
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6. Organosulfates as Tracers for Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) Formation from 2‑Methyl-3-Buten-2-ol (MBO) in the Atmosphere
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Zhang, Haofei, Worton, David R, Lewandowski, Michael, Ortega, John, Rubitschun, Caitlin L, Park, Jeong-Hoo, Kristensen, Kasper, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, Day, Douglas A, Jimenez, Jose L, Jaoui, Mohammed, Offenberg, John H, Kleindienst, Tadeusz E, Gilman, Jessica, Kuster, William C, de Gouw, Joost, Park, Changhyoun, Schade, Gunnar W, Frossard, Amanda A, Russell, Lynn, Kaser, Lisa, Jud, Werner, Hansel, Armin, Cappellin, Luca, Karl, Thomas, Glasius, Marianne, Guenther, Alex, Goldstein, Allen H, Seinfeld, John H, Gold, Avram, Kamens, Richard M, and Surratt, Jason D
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Earth Sciences ,Atmospheric Sciences ,Aerosols ,Air Pollutants ,Atmosphere ,Hydroxyl Radical ,Nitric Oxide ,Oxidants ,Photochemical ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Pentanols ,Pinus ,Sulfuric Acid Esters ,Volatile Organic Compounds ,Environmental Sciences - Abstract
2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) is an important biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emitted by pine trees and a potential precursor of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in forested regions. In the present study, hydroxyl radical (OH)-initiated oxidation of MBO was examined in smog chambers under varied initial nitric oxide (NO) and aerosol acidity levels. Results indicate measurable SOA from MBO under low-NO conditions. Moreover, increasing aerosol acidity was found to enhance MBO SOA. Chemical characterization of laboratory-generated MBO SOA reveals that an organosulfate species (C(5)H(12)O(6)S, MW 200) formed and was substantially enhanced with elevated aerosol acidity. Ambient fine aerosol (PM(2.5)) samples collected from the BEARPEX campaign during 2007 and 2009, as well as from the BEACHON-RoMBAS campaign during 2011, were also analyzed. The MBO-derived organosulfate characterized from laboratory-generated aerosol was observed in PM(2.5) collected from these campaigns, demonstrating that it is a molecular tracer for MBO-initiated SOA in the atmosphere. Furthermore, mass concentrations of the MBO-derived organosulfate are well correlated with MBO mixing ratio, temperature, and acidity in the field campaigns. Importantly, this compound accounted for an average of 0.25% and as high as 1% of the total organic aerosol mass during BEARPEX 2009. An epoxide intermediate generated under low-NO conditions is tentatively proposed to produce MBO SOA.
- Published
- 2012
7. Under fire-simultaneous volatilome and transcriptome analysis unravels fine-scale responses of tansy chemotypes to dual herbivore attack
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Clancy, Mary V., Haberer, Georg, Jud, Werner, Niederbacher, Bishu, Niederbacher, Simon, Senft, Matthias, Zytynska, Sharon E., Weisser, Wolfgang W., and Schnitzler, Jörg-Peter
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- 2020
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8. Volatilomics: a non-invasive technique for screening plant phenotypic traits
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Jud, Werner, Winkler, J. Barbro, Niederbacher, Bishu, Niederbacher, Simon, and Schnitzler, Jörg-Peter
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- 2018
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9. Wear of snow due to sliding friction
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Hasler, Michael, primary, Mössner, Martin, additional, Jud, Werner, additional, Schindelwig, Kurt, additional, Gufler, Michael, additional, van Putten, Joost, additional, Rohm, Sebastian, additional, and Nachbauer, Werner, additional
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- 2022
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10. Facing the Future: Effects of Short-Term Climate Extremes on Isoprene-Emitting and Nonemitting Poplar
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Vanzo, Elisa, Jud, Werner, Albert, Andreas, Domagalska, Malgorzata A., Ghirardo, Andrea, Niederbacher, Bishu, Frenzel, Juliane, Beemster, Gerrit T.S., Asard, Han, Rennenberg, Heinz, Sharkey, Thomas D., Hansel, Armin, and Schnitzler, Jörg-Peter
- Published
- 2015
11. Diversity in fungal volatilomes
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Guo, Yuan, Jud, Werner, Weikl, Fabian, Ghirardo, Andrea, Junker, Robert, Polle, Andrea, Benz, J., Pritsch, Karin, Schnitzler, Joerg-Peter, and Rosenkranz, Maaria
- Abstract
Guo et al. (2021) Volatile organic compound patterns predict fungal trophic mode and lifestyle Publication Abstract: Fungi produce a wide variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which play central roles in the initiation and regulation of fungal interactions. Here we introduce a global overview of fungal VOC patterns and chemical diversity across phylogenetic clades and trophic modes. The analysis is based on measurements of comprehensive VOC profiles of forty-three fungal species. Our data show that the VOC patterns can describe the phyla and the trophic mode of fungi. We show different levels of phenotypic integration (PI) for different chemical classes of VOCs within distinct functional guilds. Further computational analyses reveal that distinct VOC patterns can predict trophic modes, (non)symbiotic lifestyle, substrate-use and host-type of fungi. Thus, depending on trophic mode, either individual VOCs or more complex VOC patterns (i.e. chemical communication displays) may be ecologically important. Present results stress the ecological importance of VOCs and serve as prerequisite for more comprehensive VOCs-involving ecological studies. Supplemental Tables S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6 to the manuscript: Table S1. Summary of fungal species included in this study. n.a., not available; DSM, DSMZ Fungal Collection Number (Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures); FUNGuild: trophic mode suggested by FUNGuild-tool*. The numbers in front of some species names indicate the fungal species easily moving among trophic modes (two different analyses were done using the different groupings as shown in Fig. 4 and Supplementary Fig. S2). Table S2. Mass to charge ratios (m/z) of protonated ions, sum formula and tentative compound identification of fungal volatiles detected by Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). Isotopes and known common fragments were omitted from the list. Same background colors in the “mass” column indicate m/z that are strongly correlated (R2 >0.9). Sensitivites (ncps/ppbv) of compounds available as standards (in green) were calculated using calibration curves, otherwise derived from chemically similar (molecular mass, dipole moment and reaction rate constants) calibrated compounds. Sensitivities of tentatively identified compounds with unknown fragmentation and isotopic patterns were roughly estimated (*) based on the mass-dependent detection efficiency of the mass spectrometer and the mean values of calibrated compounds. N/A: Not Available; Footnotes refer to: 1(Mancuso et al., 2015); 2(Asensio et al., 2007); 3(Infantino et al., 2017); 4(Seewald et al., 2010); 5(Misztal et al., 2018); 6(Ladygina et al., 2006); 7(Brilli et al., 2011); 8(Bunge et al., 2008); 9(Aprea et al., 2015); 10(Mayrhofer et al., 2006); 11(Bäck et al., 2010); 12(Lippolis et al., 2014); 13(Morath et al., 2012); 14(Maleknia et al., 2007); 15(Demarcke et al., 2009); 16(Kim et al., 2009); 17(Minerdi et al., 2009). The references (list can be found in the end of the table) refer to studies that investigated soil and fungal volatile emission using PTR-ToF-MS. Table S3. Identities of the fungal volatile organic compounds (fVOCs) detected using gas chromatography – mass spectrometer (GC-MS). RT: Retention time in min; RI: Kovats retention index; n.a.: not available. Table S4. Emission intensity of all detected fungal volatile organic compounds (fVOCs) from each fungus. (a) The compounds in bold were detected by PTR-ToF-MS as m/z ratio (ncps cm-2 s-1) and the rest were detected by GC-MS (pmol cm-2 h-1). Mean +/- SD are given after the raw data for each fungal species. (b) The compounds detected by PTR-ToF-MS (pmol cm-2 h-1). The compounds were converted from ncps to pmol knowing the sensitivity (ncps/ppbv; Supplementary Table S2) of the specific compounds. In absence of commercial standards for all the compounds, part of the sensitivities was estimated (as shown in Supplementary Table S2) leading to approximate concentration values for these compounds (marked with asteriks). Mean +/- SD are given after the raw data for each fungal species, N/A: not available. (c) The mean +/- SD of the emission intensities (ncps cm-2 s-1) as measured by PTR-ToF-MS sequentially each 70 minutes from each fungal culture over the 48h measurement period. Table S5. Exact phenotypic integration values of the chemical communication displays shown in Figure 5. The value of two-sided null model expectation is 23.760692 for all the samples. The significant PI values are shown in bold. NA: not available. Table S6. List of biological functions of the biomarkers. The names in brackets indicate the tentatively assigned compounds detected by PTR-ToF-MS. Fungal volatile organic compounds (fVOCs) in bold denote the ones which have known biological functions as shown in the following columns.
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- 2022
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12. A new software tool for the analysis of high resolution PTR-TOF mass spectra
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Müller, Markus, Mikoviny, Tomáš, Jud, Werner, D'Anna, Barbara, and Wisthaler, Armin
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- 2013
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13. Under fire–simultaneous volatilome and transcriptome analysis unravels fine-scale responses of tansy chemotypes to dual herbivore attack.
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Clancy, Mary V., primary, Haberer, Georg, additional, Jud, Werner, additional, Niederbacher, Bishu, additional, Niederbacher, Simon, additional, Senft, Matthias, additional, Zytynska, Sharon, additional, Weisser, Wolfgang W., additional, and Schnitzler, Jörg-Peter, additional
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- 2020
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14. Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation
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Kirkby, Jasper, Curtius, Joachim, Almeida, João, Dunne, Eimear, Duplissy, Jonathan, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Franchin, Alessandro, Gagné, Stéphanie, Ickes, Luisa, Kürten, Andreas, Kupc, Agnieszka, Metzger, Axel, Riccobono, Francesco, Rondo, Linda, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios, Wimmer, Daniela, Amorim, Antonio, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, David, André, Dommen, Josef, Downard, Andrew, Ehn, Mikael, Flagan, Richard C., Haider, Stefan, Hansel, Armin, Hauser, Daniel, Jud, Werner, Junninen, Heikki, Kreissl, Fabian, Kvashin, Alexander, Laaksonen, Ari, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Lima, Jorge, Lovejoy, Edward R., Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mathot, Serge, Mikkilä, Jyri, Minginette, Pierre, Mogo, Sandra, Nieminen, Tuomo, Onnela, Antti, Pereira, Paulo, Petäjä, Tuukka, Schnitzhofer, Ralf, Seinfeld, John H., Sipilä, Mikko, Stozhkov, Yuri, Stratmann, Frank, Tomé, Antonio, Vanhanen, Joonas, Viisanen, Yrjo, Vrtala, Aron, Wagner, Paul E., Walther, Hansueli, Weingartner, Ernest, Wex, Heike, Winkler, Paul M., Carslaw, Kenneth S., Worsnop, Douglas R., Baltensperger, Urs, and Kulmala, Markku
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- 2011
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15. Traction upgrade unlocks new benefits for Matterhorn Gotthard Railway
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Jud, Werner
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Passenger rail services ,Railroad tunnels ,Railroads ,Business ,Transportation industry - Abstract
Siemens has undertaken a major upgrade of the traction power supply system on the Matterhorn Gotthard Railway in Switzerland. Werner Jud, business development--Ruggedcom, explains the intricacies of the project. WITH [...]
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- 2019
16. The Systems Architecture of Molecular Memory in Poplar after Abiotic Stress
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Georgii, Elisabeth, primary, Kugler, Karl, additional, Pfeifer, Matthias, additional, Vanzo, Elisa, additional, Block, Katja, additional, Domagalska, Malgorzata A., additional, Jud, Werner, additional, AbdElgawad, Hamada, additional, Asard, Han, additional, Reinhardt, Richard, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Spannagl, Manuel, additional, Schäffner, Anton R., additional, Palme, Klaus, additional, Mayer, Klaus F.X., additional, and Schnitzler, Jörg-Peter, additional
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- 2019
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17. Constraining nucleation, condensation, and chemistry in oxidation flow reactors using size-distribution measurements and aerosol microphysical modeling
- Author
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cross, Eben, Hunter, James Freeman, Kroll, Jesse, Jimenez, Jose L., Hodshire, Anna L., Palm, Brett B., Alexander, M. Lizabeth, Bian, Qijing, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, Day, Douglas A., de Sá, Suzane S., Guenther, Alex B., Hansel, Armin, Jud, Werner, Karl, Thomas, Kim, Saewung, Park, Jeong-Hoo, Peng, Zhe, Seco, Roger, Smith, James N., Pierce, Jeffrey R., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cross, Eben, Hunter, James Freeman, Kroll, Jesse, Jimenez, Jose L., Hodshire, Anna L., Palm, Brett B., Alexander, M. Lizabeth, Bian, Qijing, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, Day, Douglas A., de Sá, Suzane S., Guenther, Alex B., Hansel, Armin, Jud, Werner, Karl, Thomas, Kim, Saewung, Park, Jeong-Hoo, Peng, Zhe, Seco, Roger, Smith, James N., and Pierce, Jeffrey R.
- Abstract
Oxidation flow reactors (OFRs) allow the concentration of a given atmospheric oxidant to be increased beyond ambient levels in order to study secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and aging over varying periods of equivalent aging by that oxidant. Previous studies have used these reactors to determine the bulk OA mass and chemical evolution. To our knowledge, no OFR study has focused on the interpretation of the evolving aerosol size distributions. In this study, we use size-distribution measurements of the OFR and an aerosol microphysics model to learn about size-dependent processes in the OFR. Specifically, we use OFR exposures between 0.09 and 0.9 equivalent days of OH aging from the 2011 BEACHON-RoMBAS and GoAmazon2014/5 field campaigns. We use simulations in the TOMAS (TwO-Moment Aerosol Sectional) microphysics box model to constrain the following parameters in the OFR: (1) the rate constant of gas-phase functionalization reactions of organic compounds with OH, (2) the rate constant of gas-phase fragmentation reactions of organic compounds with OH, (3) the reactive uptake coefficient for heterogeneous fragmentation reactions with OH, (4) the nucleation rate constants for three different nucleation schemes, and (5) an effective accommodation coefficient that accounts for possible particle diffusion limitations of particles larger than 60nm in diameter. We find the best model-to-measurement agreement when the accommodation coefficient of the larger particles (Dp>60nm) was 0.1 or lower (with an accommodation coefficient of 1 for smaller particles), which suggests a diffusion limitation in the larger particles. When using these low accommodation-coefficient values, the model agrees with measurements when using a published H2SO4-organics nucleation mechanism and previously published values of rate constants for gas-phase oxidation reactions. Further, gas-phase fragmentation was found to have a significant impact upon the size distribution, and including fragm, United States. Department of Energy. Office of Biological and Environmental Research (grant no. DE-SC0011780), United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program (cooperative agreement award no. NA17OAR430001), United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program (cooperative agreement award no. NA17OAR4310002), National Science Foundation (U.S.). Atmospheric Chemistry program (grant no. AGS-1559607), National Science Foundation (U.S.). Atmospheric Chemistry program (grant no. AGS-1558966), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil Scientific Mobility Program, United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (grant NA10OAR4310106 (MIT)), National Science Foundation (U.S.), Austrian Science Fund (project no. L518-N20)
- Published
- 2018
18. Supplementary material to "Constraining nucleation, condensation, and chemistry in oxidation flow reactors using size-distribution measurements and aerosol microphysical modelling"
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Hodshire, Anna L., primary, Palm, Brett B., additional, Alexander, M. Lizabeth, additional, Bian, Qijing, additional, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, Cross, Eben S., additional, Day, Douglas A., additional, de Sá, Suzane S., additional, Guenther, Alex B., additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Hunter, James F., additional, Jud, Werner, additional, Karl, Thomas, additional, Kim, Saewung, additional, Kroll, Jesse H., additional, Park, Jeong-Hoo, additional, Peng, Zhe, additional, Seco, Roger, additional, Smith, James N., additional, Jimenez, Jose L., additional, and Pierce, Jeffrey R., additional
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- 2018
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19. Constraining nucleation, condensation, and chemistry in oxidation flow reactors using size-distribution measurements and aerosol microphysical modelling
- Author
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Hodshire, Anna L., primary, Palm, Brett B., additional, Alexander, M. Lizabeth, additional, Bian, Qijing, additional, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, Cross, Eben S., additional, Day, Douglas A., additional, de Sá, Suzane S., additional, Guenther, Alex B., additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Hunter, James F., additional, Jud, Werner, additional, Karl, Thomas, additional, Kim, Saewung, additional, Kroll, Jesse H., additional, Park, Jeong-Hoo, additional, Peng, Zhe, additional, Seco, Roger, additional, Smith, James N., additional, Jimenez, Jose L., additional, and Pierce, Jeffrey R., additional
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- 2018
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20. Secondary organic aerosol formation from in situ OH, O<sub>3</sub>, and NO<sub>3</sub> oxidation of ambient forest air in an oxidation flow reactor
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Palm, Brett B., primary, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, Day, Douglas A., additional, Ortega, Amber M., additional, Fry, Juliane L., additional, Brown, Steven S., additional, Zarzana, Kyle J., additional, Dube, William, additional, Wagner, Nicholas L., additional, Draper, Danielle C., additional, Kaser, Lisa, additional, Jud, Werner, additional, Karl, Thomas, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Gutiérrez-Montes, Cándido, additional, and Jimenez, Jose L., additional
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- 2017
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21. Supplementary material to "Secondary organic aerosol formation from in situ OH, O3, and NO3 oxidation of ambient forest air in an oxidation flow reactor"
- Author
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Palm, Brett B., primary, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, Day, Douglas A., additional, Ortega, Amber M., additional, Fry, Juliane L., additional, Brown, Steven S., additional, Zarzana, Kyle J., additional, Dube, William, additional, Wagner, Nicholas L., additional, Draper, Danielle C., additional, Kaser, Lisa, additional, Jud, Werner, additional, Karl, Thomas, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Gutiérrez-Montes, Cándido, additional, and Jimenez, Jose L., additional
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- 2017
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22. Systems Architecture of Molecular Memory in Poplar after Abiotic Stress.
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Georgii, Elisabeth, Kugler, Karl, Pfeifer, Matthias, Vanzo, Elisa, Block, Katja, Domagalska, Malgorzata A., Jud, Werner, AbdElgawad, Hamada, Asard, Han, Reinhardt, Richard, Hansel, Armin, Spannagl, Manuel, Schäffner, Anton R., Palme, Klaus, Mayer, Klaus F.X., and 1, Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
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- 2019
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23. The effect of acid-base clustering and ions on the growth of atmospheric nano-particles
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University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Rondo, Linda, Kontkanen, Jenni, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Jokinen, Tuija, Sarnela, Nina, Kuerten, Andreas, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Franchin, Alessandro, Nieminen, Tuomo, Riccobono, Francesco, Sipilä, Mikko, Yli-Juuti, Taina, Duplissy, Jonathan, Adamov, Alexey, Ahlm, Lars, Almeida, Joao, Amorim, Antonio, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Dommen, Josef, Downard, Andrew J., Dunne, Eimear M., Flagan, Richard C., Guida, Roberto, Hakala, Jani, Hansel, Armin, Jud, Werner, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kerminen, Veli-Matti, Keskinen, Helmi, Kim, Jaeseok, Kirkby, Jasper, Kupc, Agnieszka, Kupiainen-Määttä, Oona, Laaksonen, Ari, Lawler, Michael J., Leiminger, Markus, Mathot, Serge, Olenius, Tinja, Ortega, Ismael K., Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Praplan, Arnaud, Rissanen, Matti P., Ruuskanen, Taina, Santos, Filipe D., Schallhart, Simon, Schnitzhofer, Ralf, Simon, Mario, Smith, James N., Trostl, Jasmin, Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios, Tome, Antonio, Vaattovaara, Petri, Vehkamäki, Hanna, Vrtala, Aron E., Wagner, Paul E., Williamson, Christina, Wimmer, Daniela, Winkler, Paul M., Virtanen, Annele, Donahue, Neil M., Carslaw, Kenneth S., Baltensperger, Urs, Riipinen, Ilona, Curtius, Joachim, Worsnop, Douglas R., Kulmala, Markku, University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Rondo, Linda, Kontkanen, Jenni, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Jokinen, Tuija, Sarnela, Nina, Kuerten, Andreas, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Franchin, Alessandro, Nieminen, Tuomo, Riccobono, Francesco, Sipilä, Mikko, Yli-Juuti, Taina, Duplissy, Jonathan, Adamov, Alexey, Ahlm, Lars, Almeida, Joao, Amorim, Antonio, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Dommen, Josef, Downard, Andrew J., Dunne, Eimear M., Flagan, Richard C., Guida, Roberto, Hakala, Jani, Hansel, Armin, Jud, Werner, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kerminen, Veli-Matti, Keskinen, Helmi, Kim, Jaeseok, Kirkby, Jasper, Kupc, Agnieszka, Kupiainen-Määttä, Oona, Laaksonen, Ari, Lawler, Michael J., Leiminger, Markus, Mathot, Serge, Olenius, Tinja, Ortega, Ismael K., Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Praplan, Arnaud, Rissanen, Matti P., Ruuskanen, Taina, Santos, Filipe D., Schallhart, Simon, Schnitzhofer, Ralf, Simon, Mario, Smith, James N., Trostl, Jasmin, Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios, Tome, Antonio, Vaattovaara, Petri, Vehkamäki, Hanna, Vrtala, Aron E., Wagner, Paul E., Williamson, Christina, Wimmer, Daniela, Winkler, Paul M., Virtanen, Annele, Donahue, Neil M., Carslaw, Kenneth S., Baltensperger, Urs, Riipinen, Ilona, Curtius, Joachim, Worsnop, Douglas R., and Kulmala, Markku
- Abstract
The growth of freshly formed aerosol particles can be the bottleneck in their survival to cloud condensation nuclei. It is therefore crucial to understand how particles grow in the atmosphere. Insufficient experimental data has impeded a profound understanding of nano-particle growth under atmospheric conditions. Here we study nano-particle growth in the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoors Droplets) chamber, starting from the formation of molecular clusters. We present measured growth rates at sub-3 nm sizes with different atmospherically relevant concentrations of sulphuric acid, water, ammonia and dimethylamine. We find that atmospheric ions and small acid-base clusters, which are not generally accounted for in the measurement of sulphuric acid vapour, can participate in the growth process, leading to enhanced growth rates. The availability of compounds capable of stabilizing sulphuric acid clusters governs the magnitude of these effects and thus the exact growth mechanism. We bring these observations into a coherent framework and discuss their significance in the atmosphere.
- Published
- 2016
24. In situ secondary organic aerosol formation from ambient pine forest air using an oxidation flow reactor
- Author
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunter, James, Cross, Eben Spencer, Kroll, Jesse, Palm, Brett B., Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, Ortega, Amber M., Day, Douglas A., Kaser, Lisa, Jud, Werner, Karl, Thomas, Hansel, Armin, Peng, Zhe, Brune, William H., Jimenez, Jose L., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunter, James, Cross, Eben Spencer, Kroll, Jesse, Palm, Brett B., Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, Ortega, Amber M., Day, Douglas A., Kaser, Lisa, Jud, Werner, Karl, Thomas, Hansel, Armin, Peng, Zhe, Brune, William H., and Jimenez, Jose L.
- Abstract
An oxidation flow reactor (OFR) is a vessel inside which the concentration of a chosen oxidant can be increased for the purpose of studying SOA formation and aging by that oxidant. During the BEACHON-RoMBAS (Bio-hydro-atmosphere interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H[subscript 2]O, Organics & Nitrogen–Rocky Mountain Biogenic Aerosol Study) field campaign, ambient pine forest air was oxidized by OH radicals in an OFR to measure the amount of SOA that could be formed from the real mix of ambient SOA precursor gases, and how that amount changed with time as precursors changed. High OH concentrations and short residence times allowed for semicontinuous cycling through a large range of OH exposures ranging from hours to weeks of equivalent (eq.) atmospheric aging. A simple model is derived and used to account for the relative timescales of condensation of low-volatility organic compounds (LVOCs) onto particles; condensational loss to the walls; and further reaction to produce volatile, non-condensing fragmentation products. More SOA production was observed in the OFR at nighttime (average 3 µg m[superscript −3] when LVOC fate corrected) compared to daytime (average 0.9 µg m[superscript −3] when LVOC fate corrected), with maximum formation observed at 0.4–1.5 eq. days of photochemical aging. SOA formation followed a similar diurnal pattern to monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and toluene+p-cymene concentrations, including a substantial increase just after sunrise at 07:00 local time. Higher photochemical aging (> 10 eq. days) led to a decrease in new SOA formation and a loss of preexisting OA due to heterogeneous oxidation followed by fragmentation and volatilization. When comparing two different commonly used methods of OH production in OFRs (OFR185 and OFR254-70), similar amounts of SOA formation were observed. We recommend the OFR185 mode for future forest studies. Concurrent gas-phase measurements of air after OH oxidation illustrate the decay of primary VOCs, produc, National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant AGS-1243354), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant AGS-1360834), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Grant NA13OAR4310063), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Grant NA10OAR4310106), United States. Dept. of Energy. Atmospheric System Research Program (DE-SC0011105), Austrian Science Fund (Project L518-N20), United States. Environmental Protection Agency (STAR 83587701-0)
- Published
- 2016
25. In situ secondary organic aerosol formation from ambient pine forest air using an oxidation flow reactor
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Palm, Brett B., primary, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, additional, Ortega, Amber M., additional, Day, Douglas A., additional, Kaser, Lisa, additional, Jud, Werner, additional, Karl, Thomas, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Hunter, James F., additional, Cross, Eben S., additional, Kroll, Jesse H., additional, Peng, Zhe, additional, Brune, William H., additional, and Jimenez, Jose L., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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26. Effects of heat and drought stress on post-illumination bursts of volatile organic compounds in isoprene-emitting and non-emitting poplar
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Jud, Werner, primary, Vanzo, Elisa, additional, Li, Ziru, additional, Ghirardo, Andrea, additional, Zimmer, Ina, additional, Sharkey, Thomas D., additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, and Schnitzler, Jörg-Peter, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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27. When Plants Cry : Investigating the Plant Response to Abiotic Stresses with PTR- and SRI-ToF-MS
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Jud, Werner and Jud, Werner
- Abstract
Im Laufe der letzten zwei Jahrhunderte nahm der Einfluss des Menschen auf die Zusammensetzung der Erdatmosphäre kontinuierlich zu. Intensive Landwirtschaft und der exzessive Gebrauch von fossilen Brennstoffen hat dazu geführt, dass sich die Konzentrationen bestimmter Spurengase in der Atmosphäre ständig erhöht haben. Wenngleich deren Anteile in der Atmosphäre immer noch sehr gering sind, haben sie entscheidenden Einfluss auf das Leben auf der Erde. Ansteigende Kohlendioxid (CO2)-, Methan (CH4)- und Lachgas (N2O)- Konzentrationen werden für die globale Erwärmung und den Klimawandel verantwortlich gemacht; zunehmende Konzentrationen von Stickoxiden (NOx=NO+NO2) tragen gleichzeitig zum Anstieg von phytotoxischem, bodennahem Ozon bei. Unter anderem wegen der genannten Gründe sind Pflanzen heutzutage zunehmend öfters abiotischem Stress, z.B. Hitze-, Trocken-, oxidativem Stress oder Kombinationen davon, ausgesetzt. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, zu einem besseren Verständnis der komplexen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Pflanzen und ihrer Umgebung während solcher Stresssituationen beizutragen. Unsere Untersuchungen fokussierten sich dabei hauptsächlich auf das Feedback von Pflanzen als Folge des Stresses, im Sinne von gesteigerten Emissionen von volatilen organischen Verbindungen (VOCs, vom englischen „volatile organic compounds“). Wie ich später zeigen werde, kann dieser etwas andere „Hilferuf“ von Pflanzen verschiedene Gründe und Funktionen haben. Unsere Experimente an hitze- und trockengestressten Pappeln veranschaulichten, wie sich diese Pflanzen an das zu erwartende, zukünftige Klima in Mitteleuropa anpassen werden. In diesen Messungen konnten wir zeigen, dass kurzzeitige Emissionen, sogenannte post illumination bursts (PIBs), von den Grünen Blattduftstoffen (GLVs, vom englischen „green leaf volatiles“) und Acetaldehyd infolge eines abrupten Licht-Dunkel-Wechsels, als nicht-invasive Stressmarker von hitze- und trockengestressten Pappeln benutzt werden können. Obwohl GLV-Emissi, Over the last two centuries, human activity was increasingly influencing the composition of the atmosphere. Intensive agriculture and combustion of fossil fuels has led to an atmospheric enrichment with several trace gases. Although the atmospheric concentration of these trace gases lies in the sub-percent range, their influence on life on earth is significant. Increasing carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations are thought to be responsible for global warming and associated climate change, while nitric oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) contribute to an enhanced production of phytotoxic ozone in the troposphere. Therefore, nowadays plants are more and more frequently exposed to related abiotic stresses, such as heat, drought and oxidative stress, or combinations thereof. This work aims to contribute to a better understanding of the complex interactions between plants and their environment during such stress events. Our experiments were focusing mainly on the stress feedback of plants in the sense of their enhanced emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). As I will illustrate further below, this unconventional “cry for help” of plants can have different reasons and purposes. Our investigations on heat and drought stressed poplar revealed how these plants will adapt to the climatic conditions expected for central Europe in the near future. In these experiments we could show that post illumination bursts (PIBs) of green leaf volatiles (GLVs) and acetaldehyde can be used as non-invasive markers of the heat and drought stress status of poplar plants. While in general GLVs emissions during stress situations are enhanced, in heat and drought stressed poplar the PIBs of GLVs and acetaldehyde were strongly suppressed. The same set of experiments revealed that in contrast to current theories, the suppression of isoprene synthesis in transgenic poplar does not adversely affect the stress mitigation capability of this plant species. This finding has im, by Werner Jud, Enth. u.a. 14 Veröff. d. Verf. aus den Jahren 2014 - 2015 . - Zsfassung in dt. Sprache, Innsbruck, Univ., Diss., 2015, OeBB, (VLID)866859
- Published
- 2015
28. Secondary organic aerosol formation from in situ OH, O3, and NO3 oxidation of ambient forest air in an oxidation flow reactor.
- Author
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Palm, Brett B., Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, Day, Douglas A., Ortega, Amber M., Fry, Juliane L., Brown, Steven S., Zarzana, Kyle J., Dube, William, Wagner, Nicholas L., Draper, Danielle C., Kaser, Lisa, Jud, Werner, Kar, Thomas, Hanse, Armin, Gutiérrez-Montes, Cándido, and Jimenez, Jose L.
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC aerosols & the environment ,PINE -- Environmental aspects ,OXIDATION ,PHOTOCHEMICAL oxidants ,VOLATILE organic compounds & the environment - Abstract
Ambient pine forest air was oxidized by OH, O
3 , or NO3 radicals using an oxidation flow reactor (OFR) during the BEACHON-RoMBAS (Bio-hydro-atmosphere interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H2 O, Organics and Nitrogen - Rocky Mountain Biogenic Aerosol Study) campaign to study biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and organic aerosol (OA) aging. A wide range of equivalent atmospheric photochemical ages was sampled, from hours up to days (for O3 and NO3 / or weeks (for OH). Ambient air processed by the OFR was typically sampled every 20-30 min, in order to determine how the availability of SOA precursor gases in ambient air changed with diurnal and synoptic conditions, for each of the three oxidants. More SOA was formed during nighttime than daytime for all three oxidants, indicating that SOA precursor concentrations were higher at night. At all times of day, OH oxidation led to approximately 4 times more SOA formation than either O3 or NO3 oxidation. This is likely because O3 and NO3 will only react with gases containing C=C bonds (e.g., terpenes) to form SOA but will not react appreciably with many of their oxidation products or any species in the gas phase that lacks a C=C bond (e.g., pinonic acid, alkanes). In contrast, OH can continue to react with compounds that lack C=C bonds to produce SOA. Closure was achieved between the amount of SOA formed from O3 and NO3 oxidation in the OFR and the SOA predicted to form from measured concentrations of ambient monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes using published chamber yields. This is in contrast to previous work at this site (Palm et al., 2016), which has shown that a source of SOA from semi- and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (S/IVOCs) 3.4 times larger than the source from measured VOCs is needed to explain the measured SOA formation from OH oxidation. This work suggests that those S/IVOCs typically do not contain C=C bonds. O3 and NO3 oxidation produced SOA with elemental O: C and H: C similar to the least-oxidized OA observed in local ambient air, and neither oxidant led to net mass loss at the highest exposures, in contrast to OH oxidation. An OH exposure in the OFR equivalent to several hours of atmospheric aging also produced SOA with O: C and H: C values similar to ambient OA, while higher aging (days-weeks) led to formation of SOA with progressively higher O: C and lower H:C (and net mass loss at the highest exposures). NO3 oxidation led to the production of particulate organic nitrates (pRONO2 ), while OH and O3 oxidation (under low NO) did not, as expected. These measurements of SOA formation provide the first direct comparison of SOA formation potential and chemical evolution from OH, O3 , and NO3 oxidation in the real atmosphere and help to clarify the oxidation processes that lead to SOA formation from biogenic hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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29. Organosulfates as Tracers for Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) Formation from 2-Methyl-3-Buten-2-ol (MBO) in the Atmosphere
- Author
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Worton, David R., Park, Changhyoun, Guenther, Alex, Lewandowski, Michael, Rubitschun, Caitlin L., Kleindienst, Tadeusz E., Frossard, Amanda A., Cappellin, Luca, Jud, Werner, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, Kamens, Richard M., Hansel, Armin, Kaser, Lisa, Russell, Lynn, Park, Jeong-Hoo, Glasius, Marianne, Kuster, William C., Gold, Avram, Gilman, Jessica, Jaoui, Mohammed, Schade, Gunnar W., Zhang, Haofei, Goldstein, Allen H., Surratt, Jason D., Day, Douglas A., Ortega, John, de Gouw, Joost, Karl, Thomas, Kristensen, Kasper, Seinfeld, John H., Offenberg, John H., and Jimenez, Jose L.
- Subjects
13. Climate action ,15. Life on land ,complex mixtures - Abstract
2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) is an important biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emitted by pine trees and a potential precursor of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in forested regions. In the present study, hydroxyl radical (OH)-initiated oxidation of MBO was examined in smog chambers under varied initial nitric oxide (NO) and aerosol acidity levels. Results indicate measurable SOA from MBO under low-NO conditions. Moreover, increasing aerosol acidity was found to enhance MBO SOA. Chemical characterization of laboratory-generated MBO SOA reveals that an organosulfate species (C5H12O6S, MW 200) formed and was substantially enhanced with elevated aerosol acidity. Ambient fine aerosol (PM2.5) samples collected from the BEARPEX campaign during 2007 and 2009, as well as from the BEACHON-RoMBAS campaign during 2011, were also analyzed. The MBO-derived organosulfate characterized from laboratory-generated aerosol was observed in PM2.5 collected from these campaigns, demonstrating that it is a molecular tracer for MBO-initiated SOA in the atmosphere. Furthermore, mass concentrations of the MBO-derived organosulfate are well correlated with MBO mixing ratio, temperature, and acidity in the field campaigns. Importantly, this compound accounted for an average of 0.25% and as high as 1% of the total organic aerosol mass during BEARPEX 2009. An epoxide intermediate generated under low-NO conditions is tentatively proposed to produce MBO SOA.
30. Measurements of in-situ SOA formation and chemistry using an oxidation flow reactor
- Author
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Palm, Brett, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, Day, Douglas, Hu, Weiwei, Ortega, Amber, Sa, Suzane, Roger Seco, Park, Jeong-Hoo, Guenther, Alex, Kim, Saewung, Brito, Joel, Wurm, Florian, Artaxo, Paulo, Thalman, Ryan, Wang, Jian, Kaser, Lisa, Jud, Werner, Karl, Thomas, Hansel, Armin, Fry, Julianne, Brown, Steven, Draper, Danielle, Zarzana, Kyle, Dube, William, Wagner, Nick, Hacker, Lina, Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid, Yee, Lindsay, Isaacman, Gabriel, Goldstein, Allen, Souza, Rodrigo, Manzi, Antonio, Vega, Oscar, Tota, Julio, Newburn, Matt, Alexander, M. Lizabeth, Martin, Scot, Brune, William, and Jimenez, Jose
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