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This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of growth-related traits (weight and length), morphological traits (cephalothorax, abdomen, length, height, segment width and volume), and the correlated response of weight traits via the selection for morphological traits to evaluate the relative efficiency of indirect selection in P. vannamei from a selective breeding growth programme, PMG-BIOGEMAR®, under industrial production conditions in Ecuador. A total of 595 shrimps from 89 full-sibling families were reared under an extensive culturing system (estuaries) (PRODUMAR, Duran, Ecuador), and were evaluated for genetic parameters at harvest size. The heritability of growth traits was moderate-medium (0.25–0.34), whereas it was quite variable for morphological traits (0.01–0.77). Among the morphological traits, Sixth Segment Width (SW6) (0.77) and Sixth Segment Volume (SV6) (0.35) had medium-high heritability, and genetic correlations between almost all morphological and growth traits were high and positive, except those corresponding to the fourth segment. According to these genetic parameters, SW6 and SV6 as the correlated response to weight are 9.7% and 5.8%, respectively, being more efficient than direct selection for weight. Thus, the sixth segment should be considered an indirect selection criterion for growth in future breeding programmes as it is a precise, non-invasive, and low-cost morphological trait for growth improvement in the industrial sector.