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Report the case of a patient with a history of central retinal artery occlusion in her right eye and amaurosis fugax associated with acute ischemic changes in her left eye related to a prothrombin G20210A gene variant, in which OCT-A was used as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.55-year-old woman with a history of central retinal artery occlusion in her right eye and prothrombin gene G20210A (F2) variant diagnosis. She presented to our consultation with amaurosis fugax in her left eye. As medical history, she had an episode of bilateral posterior scleritis diagnosed asynchronously with the current episode. Vascular, autoimmune, and metabolic prothrombotic diseases were ruled out. OCT-A showed areas suggesting acute ischemia consistent with macular retinopathy in her left eye. Anticoagulant therapy with Apixaban was initiated, considering the risk for her vision. Control OCT-A showed perfusion improvement in the previous site of the occlusive vascular event. We also considered the extent of the inflammatory response due to posterior scleritis as a differential diagnosis. Nevertheless, it is less likely, considering the temporality between scleritis and the retinal-vascular episodes.While the G20210A prothrombin gene (F2) variant is a rare cause of retinal artery occlusion, it is important to consider it a differential diagnosis. Good visual outcomes can be achieved with prompt initiation of antithrombotic treatment. In addition, OCT-A is useful for diagnosing ischemic retinal changes that cannot be observed with other diagnostic methods and monitoring them.

STUDY QUESTION What are women’s views on having children, including the age they want to have them and other influences such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic? SUMMARY ANSWER Women’s views on having children, at their preferred age of 30 years, included their maternal urge and concerns about their biological clock and stability, while 19% said COVID-19 had affected their views. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Women globally are delaying the birth of their first child, with the average age of first birth approaching 32 years in some countries. The average age women have their first child in the UK is 30.7 years and over 50% of women aged 30 years are childless. The fertility rate stands at 1.3 in several European Union countries. Some people are not having their desired family size or are childless by circumstance. It is essential to understand people’s attitudes to having children in different countries to identify trends so we can develop educational resources in an age-appropriate manner. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We conducted an anonymous, online survey of multiple choice and open-ended questions. The survey was live for 32 days from 15 May 2020 to 16 June 2020 and was promoted using social media. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A total of 887 women from 44 countries participated in the survey. After filtering out women who did not consent, gave blank or incomplete responses, and those not in the UK, 411 responses remained. From the data, three areas of questioning were analysed: their views on having children, the ideal age they want to have children and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative data were analysed by thematic analysis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The average age (±SD) of the women who completed the survey was 32.2 years (±5.9), and they were mainly heterosexual (90.8%) and 84.8% had a university education. One-third of women were married/in a civil partnership (37.7%) and 36.0% were cohabitating. In relation to their views on having children, the main themes identified were: the maternal urge, the ticking of the biological clock, why did no one teach us this?, the need for stability and balance in their life, pressure to start a family and considering other ways to have a family. When asked ‘In an ideal world, at what age approximately would you like to have had or have children?’ a normal distribution was observed with a mean age of 29.9 (±3.3) years. When asked ‘What factors have led you to decide on that particular age?’ the most frequent choice was ‘I am developing my career’. Three themes emerged from the qualitative question on why they chose that age: the need for stability and balance in their life, the importance of finding the right time and life experiences. The majority of women felt that the COVID-19 pandemic had not affected their decision to have children (72.3%), but 19.1% said it had. The qualitative comments showed they had concerns about instability in their life, such as finances and careers, and delays in fertility treatment. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The survey was promoted on social media only and the women who answered the survey were highly educated. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The women surveyed ideally want children at age 30 years but there are obstacles in their way, such as the need to develop their career. Global tailored fertility education is essential to ensure people make informed reproductive choices. In addition, it is essential for supportive working environments and affordable childcare to be in place in every country. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) J.C.H. is founder of www.globalwomenconnected.com and Reproductive Health at Work, and author of the book Your Fertile Years. This project was funded by the Institute for Women’s Health, UCL. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.

El músico francés Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) presentó deterioro neurológico progresivo caracterizado por amnesia, afasia, apraxia, amusia y alexia que se inició a los 57 años, cinco antes de su muerte. Se le practicó lo que se conocía entonces como craneotomía exploratoria y falleció como consecuencia de ello. Hay múltiples publicaciones en las cuales su condición neurológica ha sido evaluada para intentar dilucidar qué enfermedad presentó. Se han considerado demenciatipo Alzheimer, enfermedad de Pick, afasia primaria progresiva, degeneración corticobasal o secuelas de trauma craneoencefálico, ya que tuvo un accidente automovilístico en 1932. Dado que no se practicó autopsia, no se ha podido confirmar el diagnóstico exacto. Se hace una revisión de la literatura y aportes originales sobre la condición neurológica y el impacto psicológico que tuvo en este gran genio musical.

Study question What are women’s attitudes to having children including their ideal age to have children, factors affecting their decision and their understanding of female fertility? Summary answer The average age women wanted to have children was age 30, with most still developing their career. They showed a good knowledge of fertility awareness. What is known already Women globally are delaying the birth of their first child, with the average age of first birth approaching age 32 in some countries. The fertility rate stands at 1.3 in several European Union countries. Some people are not having the desired family size or are childless by circumstance. We need to ensure we provide fertility education from school-age onwards. Study design, size, duration We conducted an anonymous, online survey of multiple choice and open-ended questions using Qualtrics software. The survey was live for 32 days from May 15th, 2020 to June 16th, 2020 and was promoted using social media. A mixed-method approach was used to analyse quantitative and qualitative data. Participants/materials, setting, methods A total of 922 women from 44 countries participated in the survey. After filtering out women who did not consent and those who did not want to have children, a total of 834 responses remained. Elimination of blank surveys or insufficient data resulted in a final number of 667 responses. Main results and the role of chance The mean age of the respondents was 31.3 (±4.76). The majority were white British (347/667, 52%) and heterosexual (614/667, 92.0%). A high proportion had a university education (195/667, 29%) or postgraduate education (392/667, 59%). The majority were married/in a civil partnership (223/667, 33%) or cohabitating (215/667, 32%). 135/667 (20%) were single and never married. When asked ‘In an ideal world, at what age approximately would you like to have had or have children? a normal distribution was observed with a mean age of 30.2 (±3.2). When asked ‘What factors have led you to decide on that particular age?’ the most frequent choice was “I am developing my career”, followed by “I am not financially ready.” Women were asked how informed they felt about fertility. The majority of women said they felt moderately informed (60%, 400/667), very informed (28%, 190/667), or they were not informed at all (12%, 77 /667). Most women thought female fertility decline starts at age 35 (32.8%, 219/667). To the question “What is the oldest age at which women can get pregnant?” almost 70% of women (465/667) believed the oldest age to be between 40–49 and 24%, (160/667) said over 50. Limitations, reasons for caution All surveys have a selection bias. The survey was only promoted on social media. As the survey was in English, the women who answered the survey were mainly UK residents who were highly educated. Wider implications of the findings: In a group of highly educated women, age 30 was the most common age for wanting a child but career development and finances are the main reasons affecting their decision. These women had some understanding of female fertility. Global fertility education is essential to ensure people make informed reproductive choices. Trial registration number NA

Central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome has been known for decades as Ondine’s curse. It was named as such after a German myth. Although most of the stories resemble one another, word of mouth has led to misinterpretation of this tale among the medical community. The present paper reviews the original narrative, its characters, and how it is linked to the most relevant aspects of the disease. RESUMEN El síndrome de hipoventilación alveolar central (por sus siglas en inglés) se conoce desde hace décadas como la maldición de Ondine. Fue nombrado como tal por un antiguo mito alemán. Aunque la mayoría de las historias se parecen, la tradición oral ha llevado a una mala interpretación de esta historia entre la comunidad médica. El presente artículo revisa la narrativa original, sus personajes y su relación con los aspectos más relevantes de la enfermedad.

The personal and private lives of great men and women in history, like writers, painters and musicians, have been the subject of great interest for many years. A clear example of this is the vast scrutiny is cast over the famous composer, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. What may have started as curiosity, rapidly evolved into extensive research, as the answers about the musician's legendary talent may lie in the details of his life (his childhood, his relationships, his quirks and his mannerisms). It is usually up to historians, anthropologists or philosophers to delve into the pages of old books, trying to grasp answers and clues. However, for some time, Physicians have sought their own part in solving the puzzle. The long told hypothesis regarding Mozart's diagnosis of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome will be examined. Could all of the peculiarities and oddities of the genius be caused by a neurological disorder? Or was this musical genius just an eccentric brilliant man?.

Both as a physician and as a patient, having neurofibromatosis type 1 has been an important part of my life. In my practice as a physician and as a professor, I have tried to reflect on the reality of living with a genetic condition and how it affects the way I live and practice medicine.

Désiré-Magloire Bourneville ought to be thought of as the father of Pediatric Neurology for his significant contributions to the field. He worked as a physician, politician, writer, and editor. He was the first to describe the autosomal dominant genetic condition known as “tuberous sclerosis complex”, after conducting an autopsy on a young female patient, where the main finding in the central nervous system was multiple dense tubers. The patient had refractory epilepsy and intellectual disability. His work was based on the study of epilepsy and idiocy, and he was also an advocate of public health and social medicine education; creating day hospital programs for children with this type of neurologic disease. RESUMEN Désiré-Magloire Bourneville debería ser considerado como el padre de la Neurología Pediátrica por sus importantes contribuciones en este campo. Trabajó como médico, político, escritor y editor. Hizo las primeras descripciones de la condición genética autosómica dominante conocida como “Complejo de esclerosis tuberosa”, después de realizar una autopsia en una paciente joven, en la que el principal hallazgo en el sistema nervioso central fueron múltiples lesiones tipo tubérculos. La paciente tenía epilepsia refractaria y discapacidad intelectual como síntomas asociados. Su trabajo se basó en el estudio de la epilepsia y la idiotez, a su vez fue un defensor de salud pública y la educación en medicina social; creando programas de hospital diurno para niños con diferentes tipos de enfermedades neurológicas.

Background Congenital amusia is a rare neurogenetic and neuropsychological condition which hinders the ability to recognize variations in all aspects of a musical piece. Although previous studies have determined the prevalence of congenital amusia in the general population, few have studied its presence among university students. Findings regarding the association between this condition and academic performance are equivocal, although evidence suggests that musical training improves scholastic achievement. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on a sample of 383 university students, all pursuing health-related degrees, comparing their class rank with their performance on the BRAMS Online Test for amusia. Results We found a prevalence of 0.52% for pitch-based amusia. When applying the Off-Scale test failure criterion for the definition of amusia in our sample, we found a prevalence of 4.4%. Logistic models showed an increase in risk of poor academic performance (lowest quartile) in subjects who failed the off-scale test (Odds Ratio: 7.14 95% CI 2.59–19.6) and who met any of the described definitions of amusia (Odds Ratio: 4.89 95% CI 2.24–10.7). Conclusions Both musical training and self-report of musical ability significantly affected test results. Although musical education shows some effect over academic performance, further studies are required to determine if this is due to differential effects in subjects with and without amusia.

Como es cierto sobre muchas ciencias, el conocimiento en medicina solía ser protegido con el máximo secreto, y solo quienes dedicaban sus vidas a sanar podían acceder a él. Hoy, en la era de la información, todos saben, y más importante, todas las personas quieren y buscan tener conocimiento sobre medicina. Es entonces cuando resulta crucial la existencia de científicos dispuestos y capaces de difundir el conocimiento técnico para todas las personas. En este propósito, Oliver Sacks no tenía igual. Con su estilo narrativo único y su contagiosa sonrisa, fue una luz para los pacientes y las personas que, a tientas en la oscuridad, buscaban respuestas y fue un ejemplo para todos en el campo de la neurociencia. As is true about many sciences, knowledge in medicine used to be kept under the utmost secrecy, private only to those few persons that devoted their lives to healing. Today, however, in the era of information, everybody knows and, more importantly, everybody wants to know about medicine. It is then when the existence of scientists willing and able to divulge technical knowledge for all people becomes crucial. For this purpose there was none other like Oliver Sacks. With his unique tell-tale writing style and his contagious smile, he was a beacon for patients and people stumbling in the dark, looking for answers, and an example for everyone in the field of neuroscience. © 2017, Universidad de Antioquia. All Rights Reserved.

Han pasado treinta años desde que a la afamada neurobióloga italiana, Rita Levi-Montalcini, le fue otorgado el premio Nobel de Medicina o Fisiología. Su espectacular carrera en el campo de la neurociencia, fue un ejemplo para todos los científicos e investigadores, pero más allá de ello, su vida fue un ejemplo para la humanidad. Esta increíble mujer, superó una enorme cantidad de obstáculos para convertirse en médico y en investigadora. Prevaleció y vivió una vida de éxito, sabiduría y de principios. Queremos honrar sus logros y reflexionar sobre su admirable vida.En 1986, la neurobióloga italiana Rita Levi – Montalcini recibió el premio Nobel de Fisiología y Medicina junto con el bioquímico Stanley Cohen por el descubrimiento de los factores de crecimiento nervioso (1-3). Fue la cuarta mujer que consiguió un premio Nobel. Su vida y obra son un ejemplo de ciencia, humanismo, entrega y perseverancia, a pesar de múltiples dificultades que tuvo que afrontar. Su vida, muy destacada en el campo científico, es también ejemplo de una mujer ponderada y justa, que buscó toda la vida la equidad de género y de la igualdad y la dignidad del ser humano (3).El propósito de este escrito es rememorar brevemente la vida y obra de esta gran científica al cumplirse 30 años de haber recibido tan importante distinción

San Valentín de Terni, un santo romano del siglo tercero, fue conocido como el patrono de los enamorados. Se dice que tenía el don de curar y sanó la ceguera de Julia la hija de Asterio, su carcelero. Valentín había sido encarcelado por celebrar matrimonios en secreto desobedeciendo el edicto promulgado por el emperador romano Claudio II. El edicto prohibía que los soldados romanos se casaran porque se pensaba que el vínculo del matrimonio disminuía su eficacia en el campo de batalla. Asterio adoptó la fe cristiana después de la curación de su hija. Valentín y Asterio fueron decapitados por orden de Claudio. Antes de su ejecución el 14 de febrero del año 271 a. C. le escribió una carta de amor a Julia en la que firmó «de tu Valentín» y dio origen a la celebración del Día de San Valentín. Pero el papel como patrono de la epilepsia es menos conocido, pues era definida como una enfermedad incurable asociada con eventos sobrenaturales como una maldición o a la posesión por un espíritu maligno. Puesto que no existía una curación, la única alternativa con que contaban quienes sufrían epilepsia era una intervención divina y se les pedía a los santos que intercedieran por ellos. Mientras que se conoce ampliamente a Valentín como el patrono de los enamorados, muy pocos saben, que también ayudó y benefició a los pacientes epilépticos en la antigüedad. St. Valentine of Terni a third-century Roman saint was known as the patron saint of lovers. He had the reputation of healing the sick and is said to have restored the sight of Julia the daughter of Asterius his jailer. Valentine had been imprisoned for secretly marrying couples disobeying the edict of roman Emperor Claudius II. The edict forbade roman soldiers to marry for it was thought marriage would diminish their efficiency in the battlefield. Asterius converted to Christianity after his daughter was healed. Valentine and Asterius were beheaded by order of Emperor Claudius II. Before his execution on February 14, 271 AD. Valentine wrote a love letter to Julia signed “from your Valentine” giving rise to the celebration of St. Valentine's Day. But St. Valentine's role as the patron saint of epilepsy is less widely known, for epilepsy was defined as an incurable disease thought of as a supernatural event such as a curse or a possession by an evil spirit. Since there was no cure for epilepsy healing was only possible by divine intervention and saints were called upon to intercede for these patients. While Valentine is widely known as the patron of lovers, very few people know he also was helpful and beneficent to people with epilepsy in ancient times.

“Betsabé en su baño” de Rembrand es un ejemplo por excelencia de la forma en que el arte se convierte en un medio único para contar historias y, al mismo tiempo, el objeto de escrutinio para el ojo de innumerables personas, incluidos los médicos, que buscan desesperadamente pistas en las pinturas. Los médicos han analizado la pintura, especialmente los pechos de Betsabé, que muestran signos distintivos de la presencia de malignos tumores.

Jacqueline du Pré was a British cellist, famous for her masterful interpretations and her passionate style of playing. Her outstanding musical career was, unfortunately, cut short by multiple sclerosis. In the present paper, we conduct a historical and medical analysis of her life story, discussing a few aspects regarding her illness and treatment options available at the time of her diagnosis.

Podría decirse que una de las pocas cualidades comunes a todos los seres humanos es la capacidad de apreciar la belleza. Si bien, es cierto que el objeto considerado como bello cambia de una persona a otra, la admiración y profunda emoción que experimenta un espectador en trance, es la misma. En ocasiones, esta experiencia puede llevar una persona hasta el borde mismo de la existencia. Una condición muy rara, conocida como síndrome estético, y en algunos casos, síndrome de Stendhal, comprende un cuadro clínico en el que la presencia de una magnífica y bella pieza de arte o arquitectura, produce síntomas disautonómicos como taquicardia, diaforesis, dolor torácico y pérdida de la consciencia. Presentamos aquí una revisión clínica e histórica de esta condición. It could be argued that one of the few unifying qualities all human beings share is the ability to appreciate beauty. While the object of beauty may change from one person to another, the awe and the thrill experienced by an enthralled beholder remains the same. Sometimes, this experience can be so overwhelming it can bring someone to the edge of existence. A very rare condition, known as aesthetic syndrome and, more commonly, Stendhal syndrome, entails a clinical phenomenon in which the presence of a beautiful piece of work or architecture causes dysautonomic symptoms such as tachycardia, diaphoresis, chest pains and loss of consciousness. We present an historical and clinical review of this condition. © 2018, Associacao Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria. All rights reserved.

The Alice in Wonderland syndrome is a rare clinical neurological condition, defined by the presence of perception disorders usually interpreted by the affected patient as rare metamorphosing and depersonalization phenomena. Due to its extremely rare occurrence and its surreal and sometimes psychedelic character, the syndrome has been associated with the phenomena experienced by Alice, the character in the classic and world-famous story by Lewis Carroll. Copyright © 2018 Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación (S.C.A.R.E.). Published by Wolters Kluwer. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

espanolRESUMEN La oxitocina (OT) es un neuropeptido conocido desde hace mucho tiempo, y sus usos en la practica clinica, principalmente los relacionados con la obstetricia, se han estudiado en multiples ocasiones. Sin embargo, ha habido un creciente interes en la identificacion de otros roles que la OT pudiera tener en la emocion, la cognicion, la percepcion y otras funciones cognitivas superiores. Tambien se cree que la OT es de gran importancia en la fisiologia y la fisiopatologia del dolor. Hemos revisado la literatura existente y los estudios actuales en humanos sobre la relacion entre la OT y el dolor cronico. El presente trabajo compila un numero significativo de trabajos de investigacion y pudiera arrojar alguna luz sobre un asunto sumamente interesante y prometedor. EnglishABSTRACT Oxytocin (OT) is a long known neuropeptide, and it's uses in clinical practice, mainly those regarding obstetrics have been thoroughly studied. However, there's been an increasing interest in identifying other roles OT plays in emotion, cognition, perception and higher cognitive processing. OT is also believed o have a mayor role in the physiology and physiopathology of pain. We have reviewed existent literature and current human studies on the relationship between OT and chronic pain. The present work compiles a significant number of research papers and may cast some light on a remarkably interesting and promising matter.

El síndrome de Alicia en el país de las maravillas se caracteriza por alteraciones en la percepción somatomorfa y de los objetos del entorno. Su etiología no está plenamente esclarecida y existe un número significativo de condiciones médicas asociadas. Recientemente, los datos arrojados por una revisión sistemática5 muestran que entre 1955 y 2015 han sido reportados en la literatura 169 casos de pacientes con síndrome de Alicia en el país de las maravillas, de los cuales la gran mayoría corresponde a personas con una edad menor o igual a 18 años. Aun así, se cree que estos casos representan solo una pequeña parte de la verdadera prevalencia de este síndrome, principalmente debido a la carencia actual de una definición, clasificación y criterios diagnósticos apropiados dentro de parámetros internacionales y debido a la falta de datos epidemiológicos fiables que den cuenta de su verdadera magnitud. Los autores consideran importante encontrar en la historia las pistas ocultas sobre el origen de este síndrome y sus implicaciones clínicas. (Tomado del texto) Alice in Wonderland syndrome is characterized by disturbances in somatoform perception and of objects in the environment. Its etiology is not adequately clarified and there are a significant number of associated medical conditions. The data from a systematic review5 showed that between 1955 and 2015, 169 cases of patients with Alice's syndrome in Wonderland have been reported in the literature, of which the vast majority correspond to people younger than or equal to 18 years. Even so, he believes that these cases represent only a small part of the true prevalence of this syndrome, mainly due to the current lack of a definition, classification and diagnostic criteria identified within international parameters and due to the lack of reliable epidemiological data that realize its true magnitude. The authors consider it important to find in history hidden clues about the origin of this syndrome and its clinical implications.

In 1817, British physician James Parkinson published a 66-page document entitled “Essay on the Shaking Palsy”. This brief text became a classical and fundamental piece in the history of medicine and, in particular, of neurology. The authors of this article wish to pay tribute to this great pioneer of neurology, 200 years after the publication of his findings, which would, in turn, immortalize his name and give rise to the renaming on the entity in 1860 by Professor Jean Martin Charcot, father of neurology. It would be known, henceforth as Parkinson’s disease. RESUMEN En 1817 el médico británico James Parkinson publicó un documento de 66 páginas titulado “Ensayo sobre la parálisis agitante”. Este breve texto es de una gran importancia en la historia de la medicina y en particular de la neurología. Los autores desean rendir homenaje a este gran pionero de la neurología al cumplir doscientos años la publicación que inmortalizaría su nombre y que dio origen a la primera descripción de la entidad que desde 1860, a propuesta del profesor Jean Martin Charcot, el padre de la neurología, se denomina Enfermedad de Parkinson. (James – Hierons).

The personal and private lives of great men and women in history, like writers, painters and musicians, have been the subject of great interest for many years. A clear example of this is the vast scrutiny is cast over the famous composer, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. What may have started as curiosity, rapidly evolved into extensive research, as the answers about the musician's legendary talent may lie in the details of his life (his childhood, his relationships, his quirks and his mannerisms). It is usually up to historians, anthropologists or philosophers to delve into the pages of old books, trying to grasp answers and clues. However, for some time, physicians have sought their own part in solving the puzzle. The long told hypothesis regarding Mozart's diagnosis of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome will be examined. Could all of the peculiarities and oddities of the genius be caused by a neurological disorder? Or was this musical genius just an eccentric brilliant man? Resumen Por años, la vida privada de los grandes hombres y mujeres de la historia, escritores, pintores y músicos, ha sido objeto de gran interés. Un claro ejemplo de esto es el gran escrutinio que se ha hecho sobre el aclamado compositor Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Lo que posiblemente comenzó como simple curiosidad rápidamente se convirtió en una investigación exhaustiva, pues en los detalles de su vida (su infancia, relaciones, mañas y manierimos) podría estar la evidencia de su legendario talento. Usualmente, son los historiadores, antropólogos y filósofos los que se sumergen en las páginas de viejos y ajados libros tratando de encontrar respuestas y pistas; sin embargo, desde algún tiempo, los médicos han reclamado su propio papel en la resolución de estos interrogantes. Este artículo explora la hipótesis sobre el posible diagnóstico de síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette para Mozart. ¿Todas las peculiaridades y rarezas del genio podrían estar causadas por un trastorno neurológico o se trataba solamente de un hombre brillante y excéntrico?

Muchos mitos y leyendas han tenido una profunda influencia sobre el lenguaje y el uso del argot médico moderno. Los términos “syrinx” y “pánico” son dos de los ejemplos más característicos y su uso en neurología y otras especialidades es bien conocido. Este artículo revisa la historia de estas palabras en la mitología griega y su uso en la medicina moderna. Es conocimiento de pocos que síntomas o condiciones como la siringomielia o los ataques de pánico, tienen un origen mitológico en su definición y denominación. Many myths and legends have had a deep influence on modern language, and on modern medical vernacular. The terms “syrinx” and “panic” are two of the most characteristic examples and their use in neurology and other specialties is well known. This article reviews the history of these words in Greek mythology and their use in modern medicine. It is known by very few that clinical symptoms or conditions, such as syringomyelia and panic attacks, have a mythological origin in their definition and naming. © 2017, Associacao Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria. All rights reserved.