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1. Clinical value of plasma pTau181 to predict Alzheimer's disease pathology in a large real-world cohort of a memory clinicResearch in context

Author

Amanda Cano, María Capdevila, Raquel Puerta, Javier Arranz, Laura Montrreal, Itziar de Rojas, Pablo García-González, Claudia Olivé, Fernando García-Gutiérrez, Oscar Sotolongo-Grau, Adelina Orellana, Nuria Aguilera, Maribel Ramis, Maitee Rosende-Roca, Alberto Lleó, Juan Fortea, Juan Pablo Tartari, Asunción Lafuente, Liliana Vargas, Alba Pérez-Cordón, Nathalia Muñoz, Ángela Sanabria, Montserrat Alegret, Xavier Morató, Lluís Tárraga, Victoria Fernández, Marta Marquié, Sergi Valero, Daniel Alcolea, Mercè Boada, and Agustín Ruiz

Subjects
Plasma biomarkers, pTau181, Alzheimer's disease, Prodromal AD, Mild cognitive impairment, Real-world cohort, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Summary: Background: The identification of patients with an elevated risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia and eligible for the disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) in the earliest stages is one of the greatest challenges in the clinical practice. Plasma biomarkers has the potential to predict these issues, but further research is still needed to translate them to clinical practice. Here we evaluated the clinical applicability of plasma pTau181 as a predictive marker of AD pathology in a large real-world cohort of a memory clinic. Methods: Three independent cohorts (modelling [n = 991, 59.7% female], testing [n = 642, 56.2% female] and validation [n = 441, 55.1% female]) of real-world patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), AD dementia, and other dementias were included. Paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples were used to measure AT(N) CSF biomarkers and plasma pTau181. Findings: CSF and plasma pTau181 showed correlation in all phenotypes except in SCD and other dementias. Age significantly influenced the biomarker's performance. The general Aβ(+) vs Aβ(−) ROC curve showed an AUC = 0.77 [0.74–0.80], whereas the specific ROC curve of MCI due to AD vs non-AD MCI showed an AUC = 0.89 [0.85–0.93]. A cut-off value of 1.30 pg/ml of plasma pTau181 exhibited a sensitivity of 93.57% [88.72–96.52], specificity of 72.38% [62.51–79.01], VPP of 77.85% [70.61–83.54], and 8.30% false negatives in the subjects with MCI of the testing cohort. The HR of cox regression showed that patients with MCI up to this cut-off value exhibited a HR = 1.84 [1.05–3.22] higher risk to convert to AD dementia than patients with MCI below the cut-off value. Interpretation: Plasma pTau181 has the potential to be used in the memory clinics as a screening biomarker of AD pathology in subjects with MCI, presenting a valuable prognostic utility in predicting the MCI conversion to AD dementia. In the context of a real-world population, a confirmatory test employing gold-standard procedures is still advisable. Funding: This study has been mainly funded by Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Fundación ADEY, Fundación Echevarne and Grífols S.A.

Published
2024
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2. Macular vessel density in the superficial plexus is not a proxy of cerebrovascular damage in non-demented individuals: data from the NORFACE cohort

Author

Ainhoa García-Sánchez, Oscar Sotolongo-Grau, Juan Pablo Tartari, Ángela Sanabria, Ester Esteban - De Antonio, Alba Pérez-Cordón, Montserrat Alegret, Vanesa Pytel, Joan Martínez, Núria Aguilera, Itziar de Rojas, Amanda Cano, Pablo García-González, Raquel Puerta, Clàudia Olivé, Maria Capdevila, Fernando García-Gutiérrez, Assumpta Vivas, Marta Gómez-Chiari, Juan Giménez, Miguel Ángel Tejero, Miguel Castilla-Martí, Luis Castilla-Martí, Lluís Tárraga, Sergi Valero, Agustín Ruiz, Mercè Boada, Marta Marquié, on behalf of the FACEHBI study group, and on behalf of the BIOFACE study group

Subjects
Vessel density, Optical coherence tomography-angiography, Cerebrovascular damage, Brain atrophy, NORFACE, FACEHBI, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Abstract Introduction Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a novel tool that allows the detection of retinal vascular changes. We investigated the association of macular vessel density (VD) in the superficial plexus assessed by OCT-A with measures of cerebrovascular pathology and atrophy quantified by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in non-demented individuals. Methods Clinical, demographical, OCT-A, and brain MRI data from non-demented research participants were included. We analyzed the association of regional macular VD with brain vascular burden using the Fazekas scale assessed in a logistic regression analysis, and the volume of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) assessed in a multiple linear regression analysis. We also explored the associations of macular VD with hippocampal volume, ventricle volume and Alzheimer disease cortical signature (ADCS) thickness assessed in multiple linear regression analyses. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, syndromic diagnosis and cardiovascular variables. Results The study cohort comprised 188 participants: 89 with subjective cognitive decline and 99 with mild cognitive impairment. No significant association of regional macular VD with the Fazekas categories (all, p > 0.111) and WMH volume (all, p > 0.051) were detected. VD in the nasal quadrant was associated to hippocampal volume (p = 0.007), but no other associations of macular VD with brain atrophy measures were detected (all, p > 0.05). Discussion Retinal vascular measures were not a proxy of cerebrovascular damage in non-demented individuals, while VD in the nasal quadrant was associated with hippocampal atrophy independently of the amyloid status.

Published
2024
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3. A randomized, open-label clinical trial in mild cognitive impairment with EGb 761 examining blood markers of inflammation and oxidative stress

Author

Xavier Morató, Marta Marquié, Juan Pablo Tartari, Asunción Lafuente, Carla Abdelnour, Montserrat Alegret, Sara Jofresa, Mar Buendía, Ana Pancho, Núria Aguilera, Marta Ibarria, Susana Diego, Rosario Cuevas, Laia Cañada, Anna Calvet, Ester Esteban-De Antonio, Alba Pérez-Cordón, Ángela Sanabria, Itziar de Rojas, Raúl Nuñez-Llaves, Amanda Cano, Adelina Orellana, Laura Montrreal, Pilar Cañabate, Maitée Rosende-Roca, Liliana Vargas, Urszula Bojaryn, Mario Ricciardi, Diana M. Ariton, Ana Espinosa, Gemma Ortega, Nathalia Muñoz, Núria Lleonart, Emilio Alarcón-Martín, Mariola Moreno, Silvia Preckler, Natalia Tantinya, Maribel Ramis, Ana Belen Nogales, Susanna Seguer, Elvira Martín, Vanesa Pytel, Sergi Valero, Miren Gurruchaga, Lluís Tárraga, Agustín Ruiz, and Mercè Boada

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Although beta-amyloid (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau remain the preferred targets for disease-modifying treatments (DMT) against Alzheimer’s disease (AD), part of the pathophysiological mechanisms of cognitive impairment are related to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. In mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of AD and other neurodegenerative conditions, the joint appearance of inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic alterations are the common pathways of neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. The standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba EGb 761 interferes with the pathogenic mechanisms involved in both the development of cognitive impairment due to AD and that of vascular origin. The primary objective of this study is to compare changes in the levels of blood markers of inflammation and oxidative stress after treatment with EGb 761 in a cohort of 100 patients with MCI. In addition, we aim to assess changes in these blood markers during an additional 12-month extension phase in which patients in the control group will also receive EGb 761 and patients in the active group will extend their treatment duration. Secondary objectives include comparing changes in neuropsychiatric and cognitive test scores between the baseline (v0) and 12-month visits (v2). This study is a Phase IV, single-center, randomized, open-label, parallel-group clinical trial consisting of the 12-month follow-up of a cohort of participants with MCI [Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) = 3] and an extension with an additional 12-month follow-up. During the first 12 months, participants will be randomized into two arms: in one arm, patients will receive 1 daily tablet of EGb 761 240 mg orally (study group, n = 50), while in the other arm, patients will not receive EGb 761 and will undergo the same assessments as the treated group (control group, n = 50). After the first 12 months of the study, patients in the EGb 761-treated group will continue treatment, and patients in the control group will be offered one EGb 761 240 mg tablet per day orally. All participants will be monitored for an additional 12 months. A battery of blood markers of inflammation and oxidative stress will be quantified at v0, v1, v2, v3, and v4. The Olink Proteomics panel of inflammation markers ( https://www.olink.com/products/inflammation/ ) will be used to evaluate 92 proteins associated with inflammatory diseases and related biological processes. The second panel measures 92 proteins involved in neurological processes. At v0, v2, and v4, neuropsychological and neurological evaluations will be conducted in addition to vital signs and anthropometric studies using a body composition monitor with bioimpedance technology (Tanita). Sixty percent of the 100 MCI patients recruited were women. The mean age was 73.1 years, and the mean time between symptom onset and MCI diagnosis was 2.9 years. The mean Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was 26.7. Depressive and anxiety disorders, as well as vascular risk factors, were the most frequent comorbidities among the cohort. The study is still ongoing, and results for the first year of treatment (v0, v1, v2) are expected by 2023. Individuals with MCI have an elevated risk of developing dementia. EGb 761 is used worldwide for the symptomatic treatment of cognitive disorders due to its neuroprotective effects. In experimental models and clinical observational studies, EGb 761 has shown strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. As a result, this study has been proposed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on plasma markers and their potential clinical correlation with the progression of cognitive decline in patients with MCI. Trial registration: Registro Español de estudios clínicos (REec) number 2020-003776-41, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05594355.

Published
2023
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4. Clinical performance of an antibody-free assay for plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 to detect early alterations of Alzheimer’s disease in individuals with subjective cognitive decline

Author

María Pascual-Lucas, José Antonio Allué, Leticia Sarasa, Noelia Fandos, Sergio Castillo, Jose Terencio, Manuel Sarasa, Juan Pablo Tartari, Ángela Sanabria, Lluís Tárraga, Agustín Ruíz, Marta Marquié, Sang Won Seo, Hyemin Jang, Mercè Boada, and on behalf of the FACEHBI study group

Subjects
Alzheimer’s disease, Amyloid, Aβ42/Aβ40, Ratio, Biomarkers, Plasma, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Abstract Background Accessible and cost-effective diagnostic tools are urgently needed to accurately quantify blood biomarkers to support early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we investigated the ability of plasma amyloid-beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40 ratio measured by an antibody-free mass-spectrometric (MS) method, ABtest-MS, to detect early pathological changes of AD. Methods This cohort study included data from the baseline and 2-year follow-up visits from the Fundació ACE Healthy Brain Initiative (FACEHBI) study. Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 was measured with ABtest-MS and compared to 18F-Florbetaben PET as the reference standard (cutoff for early amyloid deposition of 13.5 centiloids). Cross-validation was performed in an independent DPUK-Korean cohort. Additionally, associations of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 with episodic memory performance and brain atrophy were assessed. Results The FACEHBI cohort at baseline included 200 healthy individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), of which 36 (18%) were Aβ-PET positive. Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 levels were significantly lower in Aβ-PET positive individuals (median [interquartile range, IQR], 0.215 [0.203–0.236]) versus Aβ-PET negative subjects (median [IQR], 0.261 [0.244–0.279]) (P < .001). Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 was significantly correlated with Aβ-PET levels (rho = −0.390; P < .001) and identified Aβ-PET status with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80–0.93). A cutoff for the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio of 0.241 (maximum Youden index) yielded a sensitivity of 86.1% and a specificity of 80.5%. These findings were cross-validated in an independent DPUK-Korean cohort (AUC 0.86 [95% CI 0.77–0.95]). Lower plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was associated with worse episodic memory performance and increased brain atrophy. Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 at baseline predicted clinical conversion to mild cognitive impairment and longitudinal changes in amyloid deposition and brain atrophy at 2-year follow-up. Conclusions This study suggests that plasma Aβ42/Aβ40, as determined by this MS-based assay, has potential value as an accurate and cost-effective tool to identify individuals in the earliest stages of AD, supporting its implementation in clinical trials, preventative strategies and clinical practice.

Published
2023
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5. Differences in macular vessel density in the superficial plexus across cognitive impairment: the NORFACE cohort

Author

Marta Marquié, Sergi Valero, Joan Martínez, Emilio Alarcón-Martín, Ainhoa García-Sánchez, Itziar de Rojas, Miguel Castilla-Martí, Luis Castilla-Martí, Isabel Hernández, Maitée Rosende-Roca, Liliana Vargas, Juan Pablo Tartari, Ester Esteban-De Antonio, Urszula Bojaryn, Vanesa Pytel, Leire Narvaiza, Montserrat Alegret, Gemma Ortega, Ana Espinosa, Ángela Sanabria, Alba Pérez-Cordón, Núria Lleonart, Nathalia Muñoz, Lluís Tárraga, Agustín Ruiz, and Mercè Boada

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) allows the detection of retinal vessel density (VD) loss, which is a reflection of brain vascular pathology. We aimed to investigate differences in macular VD in the superficial plexus in a large cohort of individuals cognitively unimpaired (CU), with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer´s disease (MCI-AD), MCI due to cerebrovascular pathology (MCI-Va), probable Alzheimer´s disease dementia (ADD) and Vascular Dementia (VaD). Clinical, demographical, ophthalmological and OCT-A data from the Neuro-ophthalmology Research at Fundació ACE (NORFACE) project were analyzed. Differences of macular VD in four quadrants (superior, nasal, inferior and temporal) among the five diagnostic groups were assessed in a multivariate regression model, adjusted by age, sex, education, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease and stroke. The study cohort comprised 672 participants: 128 CU, 120 MCI-AD, 111 MCI-Va, 257 ADD and 56 VaD. Regression analysis showed a significantly higher VD in the temporal quadrant in MCI-AD compared to CU participants (49.05 ± 4.91 vs 47.27 ± 4.17, p = 0.02, d = 0.40), and a significantly lower VD in the inferior quadrant in MCI-Va compared to CU participants (48.70 ± 6.57 vs 51.27 ± 6.39, p = 0.02, d = 0.40). Individuals with heart disease presented significantly lower VD in the inferior quadrant than those without (p = 0.01). The interaction of sex and diagnosis had no effect in differentiating VD. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were not correlated to VD (all r 0.07). In conclusion, our study showed that the MCI-AD and MCI-Va groups had significant differences in macular VD in opposite directions in the temporal and inferior quadrants, respectively, compared to CU participants, suggesting that macular VD might be able to differentiate two pathogenic pathways (AD- and cerebrovascular-related) in early stages of cognitive decline.

Published
2022
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6. Macular vessel density in the superficial plexus is not associated to cerebrospinal fluid core biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: The NORFACE cohort

Author

Marta Marquié, Ainhoa García-Sánchez, Emilio Alarcón-Martín, Joan Martínez, Miguel Castilla-Martí, Luis Castilla-Martí, Adelina Orellana, Laura Montrreal, Itziar de Rojas, Pablo García-González, Raquel Puerta, Clàudia Olivé, Amanda Cano, Isabel Hernández, Maitée Rosende-Roca, Liliana Vargas, Juan Pablo Tartari, Ester Esteban-De Antonio, Urszula Bojaryn, Mario Ricciardi, Diana M. Ariton, Vanesa Pytel, Montserrat Alegret, Gemma Ortega, Ana Espinosa, Alba Pérez-Cordón, Ángela Sanabria, Nathalia Muñoz, Núria Lleonart, Núria Aguilera, Lluís Tárraga, Sergi Valero, Agustín Ruiz, and Mercè Boada

Subjects
vessel density (VD), optical coherence tomography, Alzheimer, mild cognitive impairment, AT(N), cerebrospinal fluid, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

BackgroundOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a novel method in the dementia field that allows the detection of retinal vascular changes. The comparison of OCT-A measures with established Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related biomarkers is essential to validate the former as a marker of cerebrovascular impairment in the AD continuum. We aimed to investigate the association of macular vessel density (VD) in the superficial plexus quantified by OCT-A with the AT(N) classification based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ1-42, p181-tau and t-tau measurements in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Materials and methodsClinical, demographic, ophthalmological, OCT-A and CSF core biomarkers for AD data from the Neuro-ophthalmology Research at Fundació ACE (NORFACE) project were analyzed. Differences in macular VD in four quadrants (superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal) among three AT(N) groups [Normal, Alzheimer and Suspected non-Alzheimer pathology (SNAP)] were assessed in a multivariate regression model, adjusted for age, APOE ε4 status, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and smoking habit, using the Normal AT(N) group as the reference category.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 144 MCI participants: 66 Normal AT(N), 45 Alzheimer AT(N) and 33 SNAP AT(N). Regression analysis showed no significant association of the AT(N) groups with any of the regional macular VD measures (all, p > 0.16). The interaction between sex and AT(N) groups had no effect on differentiating VD. Lastly, CSF Aβ1-42, p181-tau and t-tau measures were not correlated to VD (all r < 0.13; p > 0.13).DiscussionOur study showed that macular VD measures were not associated with the AT(N) classification based on CSF biomarkers in patients with MCI, and did not differ between AD and other underlying causes of cognitive decline in our cohort.

Published
2023
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7. Automatized FACEmemory® scoring is related to Alzheimer’s disease phenotype and biomarkers in early-onset mild cognitive impairment: the BIOFACE cohort

Author

Montserrat Alegret, Oscar Sotolongo-Grau, Ester Esteban de Antonio, Alba Pérez-Cordón, Adelina Orellana, Ana Espinosa, Silvia Gil, Daniel Jiménez, Gemma Ortega, Angela Sanabria, Natalia Roberto, Isabel Hernández, Maitee Rosende-Roca, Juan Pablo Tartari, Emilio Alarcon-Martin, Itziar de Rojas, Laura Montrreal, Xavier Morató, Amanda Cano, Dorene M. Rentz, Lluís Tárraga, Agustín Ruiz, Sergi Valero, Marta Marquié, and Mercè Boada

Subjects
Endophenotype, Early detection, Alzheimer’s disease, New technologies, Episodic memory, Computerized assessment, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Abstract Background FACEmemory® is the first computerized, self-administered verbal episodic memory test with voice recognition. It can be conducted under minimal supervision and contains an automatic scoring system to avoid administrator errors. Moreover, it is suitable for discriminating between cognitively healthy and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals, and it is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. This study aimed to determine whether FACEmemory scoring is related to performance on classical memory tests and to AD biomarkers of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CSF in patients with early-onset MCI (EOMCI). Methods Ninety-four patients with EOMCI from the BIOFACE study completed FACEmemory, classical memory tests (the Spanish version of the Word Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test -FCSRT-, the Word List from the Wechsler Memory Scale, third edition, and the Spanish version of the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test), and a brain MRI. Eighty-two individuals also underwent a lumbar puncture. Results FACEmemory scoring was moderately correlated with FCSRT scoring. With regard to neuroimaging MRI results, worse execution on FACEmemory was associated with lower cortical volume in the right prefrontal and inferior parietal areas, along with the left temporal and associative occipital areas. Moreover, the total FACEmemory score correlated with CSF AD biomarkers (Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio, p181-tau, and Aβ1-42/p181-tau ratio). When performance on FACEmemory was compared among the ATN classification groups, significant differences between the AD group and normal and SNAP groups were found. Conclusions FACEmemory is a promising tool for detecting memory deficits sensitive to early-onset AD, but it also allows the detection of memory-impaired cases due to other etiologies. Our findings suggest that FACEmemory scoring can detect the AD endophenotype and that it is also associated with AD-related changes in MRI and CSF in patients with EOMCI. The computerized FACEmemory tool might be an opportunity to facilitate early detection of MCI in younger people than 65, who have a growing interest in new technologies.

Published
2022
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8. The role of sex and gender in the selection of Alzheimer patients for clinical trial pre-screening

Author

Maitee Rosende-Roca, Carla Abdelnour, Ester Esteban, Juan Pablo Tartari, Emilio Alarcon, Juliana Martínez-Atienza, Antonio González-Pérez, María E. Sáez, Asunción Lafuente, Mar Buendía, Ana Pancho, Nuria Aguilera, Marta Ibarria, Susana Diego, Sara Jofresa, Isabel Hernández, Rogelio López, Miren Jone Gurruchaga, Lluís Tárraga, Sergi Valero, Agustín Ruiz, Marta Marquié, and Mercè Boada

Subjects
Alzheimer’s disease, Dementia, Mild cognitive impairment, Sex, Gender, Women, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Abstract Background Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting the elderly with a prevalence of 7.1% in women and 3.3% in men. Sex-related patterns have been reported in prognosis, biomarker status, and risk factors. Despite this, the interaction of sex has received limited attention, with AD trials persistently recruiting lower numbers of women than the population distribution and a lack of information on the sex-disaggregated effects of anti-dementia therapies. This is the first study aiming to identify the role of sex in the selection for screening in AD clinical trials. Methods This cross-sectional study provides a comprehensive analysis of screening eligibility according to a set of pre-selection criteria currently applied at Fundació ACE memory clinic for a more efficient trial screening process. A cohort of 6667 women and 2926 men diagnosed with AD dementia (55%) or mild cognitive impairment (45%) was analyzed. We also assessed the frequencies of men and women effectively screened for trial enrolment over a period of 10 years. Additionally, data from AddNeuroMed study was used to explore trends in eligibility based on the education criteria. Results Women showed a significantly lower chance of being eligible for screening than men (OR = 1.26; p < 0.01). This imbalance was confirmed by a lower frequency of women screened for enrolment compared to the study population (63.0% vs. 69.5%). Education was revealed as the key criterion contributing to this unbalance, with men showing over twice the chance of being screened compared with women (OR = 2.25, p < 0.01). Education-based differences were greater in earlier born patients, but the gap narrowed and achieved balance with increasing year of birth. This observation was replicated using data from other European populations included in AddNeuroMed study. Comorbidity was the most limiting criterion with sex differences in frequencies and significant discrimination against the selection of men (OR = 0.86, p < 0.01). Conclusions The large number of low-educated elderly women with AD demands for a sex-focused approach in clinical research. New assessment tools insensitive to education level should be developed to enable a proportional representation of women. Although this gender education gap is mostly inexistent in developed countries, economic or cultural factors may lead to different scenarios in other regions. Overlooking the impact of sex may lead to a handicap in AD research with a direct adverse impact on women’s health.

Published
2021
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9. Early detection of amyloid load using 18F-florbetaben PET

Author

Santiago Bullich, Núria Roé-Vellvé, Marta Marquié, Susan M. Landau, Henryk Barthel, Victor L. Villemagne, Ángela Sanabria, Juan Pablo Tartari, Oscar Sotolongo-Grau, Vincent Doré, Norman Koglin, Andre Müller, Audrey Perrotin, Aleksandar Jovalekic, Susan De Santi, Lluís Tárraga, Andrew W. Stephens, Christopher C. Rowe, Osama Sabri, John P. Seibyl, and Mercè Boada

Subjects
Florbetaben, PET, Amyloid-beta, Subjective memory complainers, Mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Abstract Background A low amount and extent of Aβ deposition at early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may limit the use of previously developed pathology-proven composite SUVR cutoffs. This study aims to characterize the population with earliest abnormal Aβ accumulation using 18F-florbetaben PET. Quantitative thresholds for the early (SUVRearly) and established (SUVRestab) Aβ deposition were developed, and the topography of early Aβ deposition was assessed. Subsequently, Aβ accumulation over time, progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD dementia, and tau deposition were assessed in subjects with early and established Aβ deposition. Methods The study population consisted of 686 subjects (n = 287 (cognitively normal healthy controls), n = 166 (subjects with subjective cognitive decline (SCD)), n = 129 (subjects with MCI), and n = 101 (subjects with AD dementia)). Three categories in the Aβ-deposition continuum were defined based on the developed SUVR cutoffs: Aβ-negative subjects, subjects with early Aβ deposition (“gray zone”), and subjects with established Aβ pathology. Results SUVR using the whole cerebellum as the reference region and centiloid (CL) cutoffs for early and established amyloid pathology were 1.10 (13.5 CL) and 1.24 (35.7 CL), respectively. Cingulate cortices and precuneus, frontal, and inferior lateral temporal cortices were the regions showing the initial pathological tracer retention. Subjects in the “gray zone” or with established Aβ pathology accumulated more amyloid over time than Aβ-negative subjects. After a 4-year clinical follow-up, none of the Aβ-negative or the gray zone subjects progressed to AD dementia while 91% of the MCI subjects with established Aβ pathology progressed. Tau deposition was infrequent in those subjects without established Aβ pathology. Conclusions This study supports the utility of using two cutoffs for amyloid PET abnormality defining a “gray zone”: a lower cutoff of 13.5 CL indicating emerging Aβ pathology and a higher cutoff of 35.7 CL where amyloid burden levels correspond to established neuropathology findings. These cutoffs define a subset of subjects characterized by pre-AD dementia levels of amyloid burden that precede other biomarkers such as tau deposition or clinical symptoms and accelerated amyloid accumulation. The determination of different amyloid loads, particularly low amyloid levels, is useful in determining who will eventually progress to dementia. Quantitation of amyloid provides a sensitive measure in these low-load cases and may help to identify a group of subjects most likely to benefit from intervention. Trial registration Data used in this manuscript belong to clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT00928304 , NCT00750282 , NCT01138111 , NCT02854033 ) and EudraCT (2014-000798-38).

Published
2021
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10. Association between retinal thickness and β-amyloid brain accumulation in individuals with subjective cognitive decline: Fundació ACE Healthy Brain Initiative

Author

Marta Marquié, Sergi Valero, Miguel Castilla-Marti, Joan Martínez, Octavio Rodríguez-Gómez, Ángela Sanabria, Juan Pablo Tartari, Gemma C. Monté-Rubio, Oscar Sotolongo-Grau, Montserrat Alegret, Alba Pérez-Cordón, Natalia Roberto, Itziar de Rojas, Sonia Moreno-Grau, Laura Montrreal, Isabel Hernández, Maitee Rosende-Roca, Ana Mauleón, Liliana Vargas, Carla Abdelnour, Silvia Gil, Ester Esteban-De Antonio, Ana Espinosa, Gemma Ortega, Francisco Lomeña, Javier Pavia, Assumpta Vivas, Miguel Ángel Tejero, Marta Gómez-Chiari, Rafael Simó, Andreea Ciudin, Cristina Hernández, Adelina Orellana, Alba Benaque, Agustín Ruiz, Lluís Tárraga, Mercè Boada, and on behalf of the FACEHBI study group

Subjects
Optical coherence tomography, Retinal thickness, Subjective cognitive decline, β-Amyloid, Florbetaben, Positron emission tomography, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Abstract Background Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retina is a fast and easily accessible tool for the quantification of retinal structural measurements. Multiple studies show that patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exhibit thinning in several retinal layers compared to age-matched controls. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has been proposed as a risk factor for progression to AD. There is little data about retinal changes in preclinical AD and their correlation with amyloid-β (Aβ) uptake. Aims We investigated the association of retinal thickness quantified by OCT with Aβ accumulation and conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) over 24 months in individuals with SCD. Methods One hundred twenty-nine individuals with SCD enrolled in Fundació ACE Healthy Brain Initiative underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing, OCT scan of the retina and florbetaben (FBB) positron emission tomography (PET) at baseline (v0) and after 24 months (v2). We assessed the association of sixteen retinal thickness measurements at baseline with FBB-PET status (+/−) and global standardize uptake value ratio (SUVR) as a continuous measure at v0 and v2 and their predictive value on clinical status change (conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI)) at v2. Results Mean age of the sample was 64.72 ± 7.27 years; 62.8% were females. Fifteen participants were classified as FBB-PET+ at baseline and 22 at v2. Every 1 μm of increased thickness in the inner nasal macular region conferred 8% and 6% higher probability of presenting a FBB-PET+ status at v0 (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02–1.14, p = 0.007) and v2 (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02–1.11, p = 0.004), respectively. Inner nasal macular thickness also positively correlated with global SUVR (at v0: β = 0.23, p = 0.004; at v2: β = 0.26, p = 0.001). No retinal measurements were associated to conversion to MCI over 24 months. Conclusions Subtle retinal thickness changes in the macular region are already present in SCD and correlate with Aβ uptake.

Published
2020
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11. The Synergic Effect of AT(N) Profiles and Depression on the Risk of Conversion to Dementia in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Author

Marta Marquié, Fernando García-Gutiérrez, Adelina Orellana, Laura Montrreal, Itziar de Rojas, Pablo García-González, Raquel Puerta, Clàudia Olivé, Amanda Cano, Isabel Hernández, Maitée Rosende-Roca, Liliana Vargas, Juan Pablo Tartari, Ester Esteban-De Antonio, Urszula Bojaryn, Mario Ricciardi, Diana M. Ariton, Vanesa Pytel, Montserrat Alegret, Gemma Ortega, Ana Espinosa, Alba Pérez-Cordón, Ángela Sanabria, Nathalia Muñoz, Núria Lleonart, Núria Aguilera, Ainhoa García-Sánchez, Emilio Alarcón-Martín, Lluís Tárraga, Agustín Ruiz, Mercè Boada, and Sergi Valero

Subjects
mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, CSF, NPSs, interaction, synergic, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Few studies have addressed the impact of the association between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers and NPSs in the conversion to dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and no studies have been conducted on the interaction effect of these two risk factors. AT(N) profiles were created using AD-core biomarkers quantified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (normal, brain amyloidosis, suspected non-Alzheimer pathology (SNAP) and prodromal AD). NPSs were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q). A total of 500 individuals with MCI were followed-up yearly in a memory unit. Cox regression analysis was used to determine risk of conversion, considering additive and multiplicative interactions between AT(N) profile and NPSs on the conversion to dementia. A total of 224 participants (44.8%) converted to dementia during the 2-year follow-up study. Pathologic AT(N) groups (brain amyloidosis, prodromal AD and SNAP) and the presence of depression and apathy were associated with a higher risk of conversion to dementia. The additive combination of the AT(N) profile with depression exacerbates the risk of conversion to dementia. A synergic effect of prodromal AD profile with depressive symptoms is evidenced, identifying the most exposed individuals to conversion among MCI patients.

Published
2023
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12. Establishing In-House Cutoffs of CSF Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers for the AT(N) Stratification of the Alzheimer Center Barcelona Cohort

Author

Adelina Orellana, Pablo García-González, Sergi Valero, Laura Montrreal, Itziar de Rojas, Isabel Hernández, Maitee Rosende-Roca, Liliana Vargas, Juan Pablo Tartari, Ester Esteban-De Antonio, Urszula Bojaryn, Leire Narvaiza, Emilio Alarcón-Martín, Montserrat Alegret, Daniel Alcolea, Alberto Lleó, Lluís Tárraga, Vanesa Pytel, Amanda Cano, Marta Marquié, Mercè Boada, and Agustín Ruiz

Subjects
cerebrospinal fluid, Alzheimer’s disease, chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay, Lumipulse, MCI, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Background: Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) increasingly incorporates CSF biomarkers. However, due to the intrinsic variability of the immunodetection techniques used to measure these biomarkers, establishing in-house cutoffs defining the positivity/negativity of CSF biomarkers is recommended. However, the cutoffs currently published are usually reported by using cross-sectional datasets, not providing evidence about its intrinsic prognostic value when applied to real-world memory clinic cases. Methods: We quantified CSF Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, t-Tau, and p181Tau with standard INNOTEST® ELISA and Lumipulse G® chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) performed on the automated Lumipulse G600II. Determination of cutoffs included patients clinically diagnosed with probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD, n = 37) and subjective cognitive decline subjects (SCD, n = 45), cognitively stable for 3 years and with no evidence of brain amyloidosis in 18F-Florbetaben-labeled positron emission tomography (FBB-PET). To compare both methods, a subset of samples for Aβ1-42 (n = 519), t-Tau (n = 399), p181Tau (n = 77), and Aβ1-40 (n = 44) was analyzed. Kappa agreement of single biomarkers and Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 was evaluated in an independent group of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia patients (n = 68). Next, established cutoffs were applied to a large real-world cohort of MCI subjects with follow-up data available (n = 647). Results: Cutoff values of Aβ1-42 and t-Tau were higher for CLEIA than for ELISA and similar for p181Tau. Spearman coefficients ranged between 0.81 for Aβ1-40 and 0.96 for p181TAU. Passing–Bablok analysis showed a systematic and proportional difference for all biomarkers but only systematic for Aβ1-40. Bland–Altman analysis showed an average difference between methods in favor of CLEIA. Kappa agreement for single biomarkers was good but lower for the Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio. Using the calculated cutoffs, we were able to stratify MCI subjects into four AT(N) categories. Kaplan–Meier analyses of AT(N) categories demonstrated gradual and differential dementia conversion rates (p = 9.815−27). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models corroborated these findings, demonstrating that the proposed AT(N) classifier has prognostic value. AT(N) categories are only modestly influenced by other known factors associated with disease progression. Conclusions: We established CLEIA and ELISA internal cutoffs to discriminate AD patients from amyloid-negative SCD individuals. The results obtained by both methods are not interchangeable but show good agreement. CLEIA is a good and faster alternative to manual ELISA for providing AT(N) classification of our patients. AT(N) categories have an impact on disease progression. AT(N) classifiers increase the certainty of the MCI prognosis, which can be instrumental in managing real-world MCI subjects.

Published
2022
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13. Author Correction: Interaction of neuropsychiatric symptoms with APOE ε4 and conversion to dementia in MCI patients in a Memory Clinic

Author

Sergi Valero, Marta Marquié, Itziar De Rojas, Ana Espinosa, Sonia Moreno‑Grau, Adelina Orellana, Laura Montrreal, Isabel Hernández, Ana Mauleón, Maiteé Rosende‑Roca, Montse Alegret, Alba Pérez‑Cordón, Gemma Ortega, Natalia Roberto, Angela Sanabria, Carla Abdelnour, Silvia Gil, Juan Pablo Tartari, Liliana Vargas, Ester Esteban‑De Antonio, Alba Benaque, Lluís Tárraga, Mercè Boada, and Agustín Ruíz

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2021
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14. Sex, Neuropsychiatric Profiles, and Caregiver Burden in Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia: A Latent Class Analysis

Author

Maitée, Rosende-Roca, Pilar, Cañabate, Mariola, Moreno, Silvia, Preckler, Susana, Seguer, Ester, Esteban, Juan Pablo, Tartari, Liliana, Vargas, Leire, Narvaiza, Vanesa, Pytel, Urszula, Bojaryn, Emilio, Alarcon, Antonio, González-Pérez, Miren Jone, Gurruchaga, Lluís, Tárraga, Agustín, Ruiz, Marta, Marquié, Mercè, Boada, and Sergi, Valero

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Caregivers, Cost of Illness, Alzheimer Disease, Latent Class Analysis, Spain, General Neuroscience, Caregiver Burden, Humans, Female, General Medicine, Geriatrics and Gerontology
Abstract

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be disruptive for patients and their families. Objective: We aimed to classify patients based on NPS and to explore the relationship of these classes with sex and with caregiver burden. Methods: The study cohort comprised individuals with AD dementia diagnosed at Ace Alzheimer Center in Barcelona, Spain, between 2011–2020. NPS were ascertained by using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire. Latent class analysis was used to identify clusters of individuals sharing a similar NPS profile. We evaluated the caregiver burden using the Zarit Burden Interview. Multivariable regression models were used to obtain adjusted estimates of the association between sex, NPS classes, and caregiver burden. Results: A total of 1,065 patients with AD dementia and their primary caregivers were included. We classified patients into five different classes according to their NPS profile: “Affective”, “High-behavioral-disturbance”, “Negative-affect”, “Affective/deliriant”, and “Apathy”. We found that age, sex, and type of AD diagnosis differed greatly across classes. We found that patients from the “High-behavioral-disturbance” (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.00–6.56), “Negative-affect” (OR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.26–3.64), and “Affective/deliriant” (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.26–3.64) classes were over two times more likely to have a female caregiver than those in “Apathy” class. These three classes were also the ones associated to the greatest caregiver burden in the adjusted analyses, which seems to explain the increased burden observed among female caregivers. Conclusion: Caregiver burden is highly dependent on the patient’s NPS profiles. Female caregivers provide care to patients that pose a greater burden, which makes them more susceptible to become overwhelmed.

Published
2022

15. Smoking is associated with age at disease onset in Parkinson's disease

Author

Irene Rosas, Germán Morís, Eliecer Coto, Marta Blázquez-Estrada, Esther Suárez, Ciara García-Fernández, Carmen Martínez, Israel Duarte Herrera, Sergio Pérez-Oliveira, Victoria Álvarez, Manuel Menéndez-González, Astrid D. Adarmes-Gómez, Miquel Aguilar, Ignacio Alvarez, Francisco Javier Barrero, Jesús Alberto Bergareche Yarza, Marta Bonilla-Toribio, Juan A. Botía, María Teresa Boungiorno, Dolores Buiza-Rueda, Ana Cámara, Fátima Carrillo, Debora Cerdan, Jordi Clarimón, Yaroslau Compta, Monica Diez-Fairen, Oriol Dols-Icardo, Oriol de Fabregues, Pilar Sanz Cartagena, Jacinto Duarte, Raquel Duran, Francisco Escamilla-Sevilla, Mario Ezquerra, Cici Feliz, Rubén Fernández-Santiago, Manel Fernández, Pedro García-Ruiz, Pilar Gómez-Garre, Maria Jose Gomez Heredia, Isabel Gonzalez-Aramburu, Ana Gorostidi, Janet Hoenicka, Jon Infante, Silvia Jesús, Adriano Jimenez-Escrig, Jaime Kulisevsky, Miguel A. Labrador-Espinosa, Jose Luis Lopez-Sendon, Adolfo López de Munain, Daniel Macias-Garcia, Irene Martínez-Torres, Juan Marín, Maria Jose Marti, Juan Carlos Martínez-Castrillo, Marina Mata Álvarez-Santullano, Adolfo Mínguez-Castellanos, Pablo Mir, Elisabet Mondragon Rezola, Esteban Muñoz, Javier Pagonabarraga, Pau Pastor, Francisco Perez Errazquin, Maria Teresa Periñán, Javier Ruiz-Martínez, Clara Ruz, Antonio Sanchez Rodriguez, María Sierra, Cesar Tabernero, Juan Pablo Tartari, Eduard Tolosa, Francesc Valldeoriola, Lydia Vela, Francisco Vives, Berta Pascual-Sedano, Jorge Hernández-Vara, Dolores Vilas Rolán, Sara Bandrés-Ciga, Fundación José Luis Castaño, Obra Social Cajastur, European Commission, and Asociación Parkinson Asturias

Subjects
Cohort Studies, Male, Heterozygote, Apolipoproteins E, Neurology, Smoking, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Neurology (clinical), Age of Onset, Geriatrics and Gerontology, APOE
Abstract

[Background] Previous studies linked disease-progression variables such as age at onset or survival to both genetic, and non-genetic factors in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients., [Objective] The aim of this study was to assess how genetic and non genetic factors act as modifiers of age at onset and survival and in a cohort of 753 PD patients, and to determine how these variables interact to define the overall risk., [Methods] We analyzed the effect of gender, tobacco, alcohol, type of PD (genetic, gPD or idiopathic, iPD) and three genetic variants rs5848- GRN, rs1042522- TP53 and APOE. We studied two cohorts (PPMI and IPDGC) to replicate positive results., [Results] Regarding age at onset, male smokers PD had a significantly lower mean age compared to non-smoker (p = 0.001). APOE-Ɛ4 carriers had a younger onset-age compared to non-carriers (p = 0.03) in the Spanish cohort, but these results were not replicated in the other cohorts. Concerning survival, PD patients with an early onset (below 50 years) had an increased survival rate (p < 0.001)., [Conclusions] Our study showed how several genetic and non-genetic risk factors influenced the age at onset and survival in PD., Irene Rosas was supported by a grant from Fundación Jose Luis Castaño-SEQC. Sergio Pérez-Oliveira is supported by Fundación Parkinson Asturias-Obra Social Cajastur. This study was supported by grant PI 15/00878 (Fondos Feder) to VA.

Published
2022

16. Combination of white matter hyperintensities and Aβ burden is related to cognitive composites domain scores in subjective cognitive decline: the FACEHBI cohort

Author

Laura Montrreal, Angela Sanabria, Assumpta Vivas, Marta Marquié, Emilio Alarcón-Martín, Silvia Alonso-Lana, Montse Alegret, Gemma C Monté-Rubio, R López-Cuevas, Octavio Rodriguez-Gomez, E Esteban De Antonio, Mercè Boada, Natalia Roberto, Sergi Valero, Ana Espinosa, Ana Mauleón, Sonia Moreno-Grau, Oscar Sotolongo-Grau, I de Rojas, Carla Abdelnour, Adelina Orellana, Juan Pablo Tartari, Alba Pérez-Cordón, Gemma Ortega, Maitée Rosende-Roca, Marta Gomez-Chiari, L. Tárraga, Liliana Vargas, Isabel Hernández, and Agustín Ruiz

Subjects
Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychological Tests, Cognition, FBB-PET, Magnetic resonance imaging, Linear regression, White matter hyperintensities, medicine, Humans, Cognitive composites domain scores, Cognitive Dysfunction, Neuropsychological assessment, Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, Cognitive decline, Composite material, RC346-429, Episodic memory, Amyloid-beta (Aß), Amyloid beta-Peptides, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Research, White Matter, Hyperintensity, Neurology, Cohort, Subjective cognitive decline, Neurology (clinical), Apolipoprotein E, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, business, RC321-571
Abstract

BackgroundTo explore whether the combination of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition is associated with worse cognitive performance on cognitive composites (CCs) domain scores in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD).MethodsTwo hundred participants from the FACEHBI cohort underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),18F-florbetaben positron emission tomography (FBB-PET), and neuropsychological assessment. WMHs were addressed through the Fazekas scale, the Age-Related White Matter Changes (ARWMC) scale, and the FreeSurfer pipeline. Eight CCs domain scores were created using the principal component analysis (PCA). Age, sex, education, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) were used as adjusting variables.ResultsAdjusted multiple linear regression models showed that FreeSurfer (B − .245; 95% CI − .1.676, − .393,p = .016) and β burden (SUVR) (B − .180; 95% CI − 2.140, − .292;p = .070) were associated with face–name associative memory CCs domain score, although the latest one was not statistically significant after correction for multiple testing (p = .070). There was non-significant interaction of these two factors on this same CCs domain score (p = .54). However, its cumulative effects on face–name associative performance indicated that those individuals with either higher WMH load or higher Aβ burden showed the worst performance on the face–name associative memory CCs domain score.ConclusionsOur results suggest that increased WMH load and increased Aβ are independently associated with poorer episodic memory performance in SCD individuals, indicating a cumulative effect of the combination of these two pathological conditions in promoting lower cognitive performance, an aspect that could help in terms of treatment and prevention.

Published
2021

17. Clinical performance of an antibody-free assay for plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 to detect early alterations of Alzheimer's disease in individuals with subjective cognitive decline

Author

María, Pascual-Lucas, José Antonio, Allué, Leticia, Sarasa, Noelia, Fandos, Sergio, Castillo, Jose, Terencio, Manuel, Sarasa, Juan Pablo, Tartari, Ángela, Sanabria, Lluís, Tárraga, Agustín, Ruíz, Marta, Marquié, Sang Won, Seo, Hyemin, Jang, Mercè, Boada, and A, Vivas

Abstract

Accessible and cost-effective diagnostic tools are urgently needed to accurately quantify blood biomarkers to support early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we investigated the ability of plasma amyloid-beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40 ratio measured by an antibody-free mass-spectrometric (MS) method, ABtest-MS, to detect early pathological changes of AD.This cohort study included data from the baseline and 2-year follow-up visits from the Fundació ACE Healthy Brain Initiative (FACEHBI) study. Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 was measured with ABtest-MS and compared toThe FACEHBI cohort at baseline included 200 healthy individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), of which 36 (18%) were Aβ-PET positive. Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 levels were significantly lower in Aβ-PET positive individuals (median [interquartile range, IQR], 0.215 [0.203-0.236]) versus Aβ-PET negative subjects (median [IQR], 0.261 [0.244-0.279]) (P.001). Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 was significantly correlated with Aβ-PET levels (rho = -0.390; P.001) and identified Aβ-PET status with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80-0.93). A cutoff for the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio of 0.241 (maximum Youden index) yielded a sensitivity of 86.1% and a specificity of 80.5%. These findings were cross-validated in an independent DPUK-Korean cohort (AUC 0.86 [95% CI 0.77-0.95]). Lower plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was associated with worse episodic memory performance and increased brain atrophy. Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 at baseline predicted clinical conversion to mild cognitive impairment and longitudinal changes in amyloid deposition and brain atrophy at 2-year follow-up.This study suggests that plasma Aβ42/Aβ40, as determined by this MS-based assay, has potential value as an accurate and cost-effective tool to identify individuals in the earliest stages of AD, supporting its implementation in clinical trials, preventative strategies and clinical practice.

Published
2022

18. From Face-to-Face to Home-to-Home: Validity of a Teleneuropsychological Battery

Author

Lluís Tárraga, Ana Espinosa, Alba Pérez-Cordón, Maitée Rosende-Roca, Marta Marquié, Gemma Ortega, Isabel Hernández, Juan Pablo Tartari, Rogelio López-Cuevas, Montserrat Alegret, Angela Sanabria, Ana Mauleón, Mercè Boada, Emilio Alarcón-Martín, Liliana Vargas, Sergi Valero, Ester Esteban de Antonio, Carla Abdelnour, and Agustín Ruiz

Subjects
Male, 050103 clinical psychology, construct validity, Neuropsychological Tests, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Memory, medicine, invariance, Humans, Attention, Cognitive Dysfunction, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Measurement invariance, Neuropsychological assessment, Equivalence (measure theory), cognitive impairment, Aged, Interpretability, Aged, 80 and over, medicine.diagnostic_test, home-to-home, Remote Consultation, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Neuropsychology, Construct validity, General Medicine, Middle Aged, face-to-face, Confirmatory factor analysis, neuropsychological assessment, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, teleneuropsychology, Computers, Handheld, Female, telemedicine, Metric (unit), Geriatrics and Gerontology, Psychology, Alzheimer’s disease, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Background: Over the last decade, teleneuropsychology has increased substantially. There is a need for valid neuropsychological batteries to be administered home-to-home. Since 2006, the neuropsychological battery of Fundació ACE (NBACE) has been administered face-to-face in our clinical settings. Recently, we adapted the NBACE for teleneuropsychology use to be administered home-to-home (NBACEtn). Objective: The aims of the present study are: 1) to determine the home-to-home NBACE equivalence compared to its original face-to-face version; and 2) to examine home-to-home NBACE discriminant capacity by differentiating among cognitively healthy, mild cognitive impairment, or mild dementia subjects and comparing it with the face-to-face version. Methods: Data from 338 individuals assessed home-to-home (NBACEtn) were contrasted with 7,990 participants assessed with its face-to-face version (NBACE). Exploratory and confirmatory factorial structure, and invariance analysis of the two versions of the battery were performed. Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported the four-factor model (attention, memory, executive, and visuospatial/constructional functions). Configural, metric, and scalar measurement invariance was found between home-to-home and face-to-face NBACE versions. Significant differences in most of the neuropsychological variables assessed were observed between the three clinical groups in both versions of administration. No differences were found between the technological devices used by participants (computer or tablet and mobile devices). Conclusion: For the first time, invariance analysis findings were addressed by determining a teleneuropsychological battery’s equivalence in comparison with its face-to-face version. This study amplifies the neuropsychological assessment’s applicability using a home-to-home format, maintaining the original measure’s structure, interpretability, and discriminant capacity.

Published
2021

19. Added value of cerebrospinal fluid multimarker analysis in diagnosis and progression of dementia

Author

Montse Ysamat, Ángela Alonso, Monica Diez-Fairen, Miquel Aguilar, Ignacio Alvarez, Juan Pablo Tartari, Britta Brix, Maria Carcel, Philipp Arendt, Jose Manuel González, and Pau Pastor

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Amyloid, tau Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Alzheimer Disease, mental disorders, medicine, Amyloid precursor protein, Humans, Dementia, Cognitive Dysfunction, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cognitive decline, Amyloid beta-Peptides, biology, business.industry, Dementia with Lewy bodies, medicine.disease, Peptide Fragments, Neurology, Frontotemporal Dementia, Positron-Emission Tomography, biology.protein, Neurology (clinical), Alzheimer's disease, business, Biomarkers, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Frontotemporal dementia
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recently, some emerging cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers have been proposed as diagnostic tools for Alzheimer disease (AD) that can have an effect on disease progression. We analyze the accuracy of these CSF markers for diagnosis of AD in reference to brain amyloid positron emission tomography (PET). We also investigated whether they help in differentiating AD from other dementias and examined their influence in tracing the progression to dementia. METHODS Amyloid-β (Aβ) 1-42, total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau, Aβ40 , Aβ38 , beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1), neurogranin (ng), phosphorylated neurofilament heavy-chain, and α-synuclein (α-syn) CSF levels were analyzed in 319 subjects, among whom 57 also underwent an amyloid PET scan. We also analyzed longitudinal clinical data from 239 subjects. RESULTS Emerging CSF markers, especially ng/BACE-1 ratio (area under the curve = 0.77) and their combinations with core AD CSF markers (all AUCs >0.85), showed high accuracy to discriminate amyloid PET positivity. Subjects with AD had higher CSF BACE-1, ng, and α-syn levels than those with non-AD dementia. CSF t-tau/α-syn ratio was higher in subjects with dementia with Lewy bodies than in those with frontotemporal dementia. Most emerging/core AD ratios predicted a faster conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage to AD and appeared to be helpful when core AD CSF markers were discordant. In addition, the rate of cognitive decline was associated with all CSF core AD markers, several emerging/core AD two-marker ratios, and CSF ng levels. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that emerging biomarkers in conjunction with core AD markers improve diagnosis of AD, are associated with the conversion from MCI into AD, and predict a faster progression of dementia.

Published
2020

20. Dementia Care in Times of COVID-19: Experience at Fundació ACE in Barcelona, Spain

Author

Ana Mauleón, Carla Abdelnour, Antonio González-Pérez, Rogelio López, Montserrat Alegret, Marta Marquié, Lluís Tárraga, Juan Pablo Tartari, Agustín Ruiz, Gemma Ortega, Maitée Rosende-Roca, Angela Sanabria, Isabel Hernández, Miren Jone Gurruchaga, Alba Pérez, Alba Benaque, Emilio Alarcon, Ester Esteban, Ana Espinosa, Sergi Valero, Pilar Cañabate, Mercè Boada, Silvia Gil, Liliana Vargas, and Isabel Rodríguez

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Coronaviruses, coronavirus, 0302 clinical medicine, Patient-Centered Care, Pandemic, Aged, 80 and over, General Neuroscience, Cognition, General Medicine, Alzheimer's disease, Telemedicine, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Female, Coronavirus Infections, Alzheimer’s disease, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Pneumonia, Viral, Holistic health, Holistic Health, pandemics, Unit (housing), 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, mild cognitive impairment, medicine, Vulnerable population, Dementia, Humans, Telecommunication in medicine, Aged, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, medicine.disease, Coronavirus, 030104 developmental biology, Malaltia d'Alzheimer, Spain, Family medicine, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Telecomunicació en medicina, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Fundacio ACE is a non-profit organization providing care based on a holistic model to persons with cognitive disorders and their families for 25 years in Barcelona, Spain. Delivering care to this vulnerable population amidst the COVID-19 pandemic has represented a major challenge to our institution. OBJECTIVE: To share our experience in adapting our model of care to the new situation to ensure continuity of care. METHODS: We detail the sequence of events and the actions taken within Fundacio ACE to swiftly adapt our face-to-face model of care to one based on telemedicine consultations. We characterize individuals under follow-up by the Memory Unit from 2017 to 2019 and compare the number of weekly visits in 2020 performed before and after the lockdown was imposed. RESULTS: The total number of individuals being actively followed by Fundacio ACE Memory Unit grew from 6,928 in 2017 to 8,147 in 2019. Among those newly diagnosed in 2019, most patients had mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia (42% and 25%, respectively). Weekly visits dropped by 60% following the suspension of face-to-face activity. However, by April 24 we were able to perform 78% of the visits we averaged in the weeks before confinement began. DISCUSSION: We have shown that Fundacio ACE model of care has been able to successfully adapt to a health and social critical situation as COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, we were able to guarantee the continuity of care while preserving the safety of patients, families, and professionals. We also seized the opportunity to improve our model of care.

Published
2020

21. Association between retinal thickness and β-amyloid brain accumulation in individuals with subjective cognitive decline: Fundació ACE Healthy Brain Initiative

Author

Angela Sanabria, Francisco Lomeña, Assumpta Vivas, Carla Abdelnour, Gemma Ortega, Miguel Castilla-Marti, Adelina Orellana, Joan Martínez, Ana Mauleón, Liliana Vargas, Miguel Angel Tejero, Rafael Simó, Alba Benaque, Ester Esteban de Antonio, Oscar Sotolongo-Grau, Alba Pérez-Cordón, Agustín Ruiz, Sergi Valero, Maitée Rosende-Roca, Isabel Hernández, Itziar de Rojas, Natalia Roberto, Mercè Boada, Andreea Ciudin, Marta Marquié, Montserrat Alegret, Lluís Tárraga, Ana Espinosa, Sonia Moreno-Grau, Cristina Hernández, Marta Gomez-Chiari, Javier Pavía, Gemma C Monté-Rubio, Octavio Rodriguez-Gomez, Juan Pablo Tartari, Silvia Gil, and Laura Montrreal

Subjects
Male, Neurology, Optical coherence tomography, lcsh:RC346-429, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, β amyloid, Medicine, Cognitive decline, medicine.diagnostic_test, Brain, Middle Aged, Florbetaben, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Subjective cognitive decline, Positron emission tomography, Female, β-Amyloid, Retinal thickness, medicine.medical_specialty, Cognitive Neuroscience, Retina, lcsh:RC321-571, 03 medical and health sciences, Alzheimer Disease, Ophthalmology, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, Risk factor, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, Aged, Amyloid beta-Peptides, business.industry, Research, Retinal, chemistry, Positron-Emission Tomography, ß-Amyloid, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Neurology (clinical), sense organs, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retina is a fast and easily accessible tool for the quantification of retinal structural measurements. Multiple studies show that patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibit thinning in several retinal layers compared to age-matched controls. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has been proposed as a risk factor for progression to AD. There is little data about retinal changes in preclinical AD and their correlation with amyloid-β (Aβ) uptake. Aims: We investigated the association of retinal thickness quantified by OCT with Aβ accumulation and conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) over 24 months in individuals with SCD. Methods: One hundred twenty-nine individuals with SCD enrolled in Fundació ACE Healthy Brain Initiative underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing, OCT scan of the retina and florbetaben (FBB) positron emission tomography (PET) at baseline (v0) and after 24 months (v2). We assessed the association of sixteen retinal thickness measurements at baseline with FBB-PET status (+/-) and global standardize uptake value ratio (SUVR) as a continuous measure at v0 and v2 and their predictive value on clinical status change (conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI)) at v2. Results: Mean age of the sample was 64.72 ± 7.27 years; 62.8% were females. Fifteen participants were classified as FBB-PET+ at baseline and 22 at v2. Every 1 μm of increased thickness in the inner nasal macular region conferred 8% and 6% higher probability of presenting a FBB-PET+ status at v0 (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02-1.14, p = 0.007) and v2 (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02-1.11, p = 0.004), respectively. Inner nasal macular thickness also positively correlated with global SUVR (at v0: β = 0.23, p = 0.004; at v2: β = 0.26, p = 0.001). No retinal measurements were associated to conversion to MCI over 24 months. Conclusions: Subtle retinal thickness changes in the macular region are already present in SCD and correlate with Aβ uptake. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 796706, and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) grant PI19/00335 Acción Estratégica en Salud, integrated in the Spanish National R+D+I Plan and financed by ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER-Una manera de hacer Europa") awarded to M.M. Funds were also obtained from donations from “La nit de l’Alzheimer”, a charity dinner initiative that takes place yearly as part of the “Festival Castell de Peralada” (2016-2018). The neuro-ophthalmology exam devices were acquired with a grant EFSD/Lilly Mental Health and Diabetes 2013 Programme of the European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes (EFSD) awarded to the project “Retinal neurodegeneration in type 2 diabetes as biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease” under the leadership of C.H. Funds from Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Grifols, Life Molecular Imaging, Araclon Biotech, Alkahest, Laboratorio de análisis Echevarne and IrsiCaixa are supporting the FACEHBI study. These sponsors were not involved in the study design, data collection, analysis or interpretation. The sponsors have reviewed the manuscript and have given their approval.

Published
2020

22. Automatized FACEmemory® scoring is related to Alzheimer's disease phenotype and biomarkers in early-onset mild cognitive impairment: the BIOFACE cohort

Author

Montserrat Alegret, Oscar Sotolongo-Grau, Ester Esteban de Antonio, Alba Pérez-Cordón, Adelina Orellana, Ana Espinosa, Silvia Gil, Daniel Jiménez, Gemma Ortega, Angela Sanabria, Natalia Roberto, Isabel Hernández, Maitee Rosende-Roca, Juan Pablo Tartari, Emilio Alarcon-Martin, Itziar de Rojas, Laura Montrreal, Xavier Morató, Amanda Cano, Dorene M. Rentz, Lluís Tárraga, Agustín Ruiz, Sergi Valero, Marta Marquié, and Mercè Boada

Subjects
Amyloid beta-Peptides, Cognitive Neuroscience, Memory, Episodic, tau Proteins, Neuropsychological Tests, Peptide Fragments, Phenotype, Neurology, Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, Neurology (clinical), Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, Biomarkers
Abstract

Background FACEmemory® is the first computerized, self-administered verbal episodic memory test with voice recognition. It can be conducted under minimal supervision and contains an automatic scoring system to avoid administrator errors. Moreover, it is suitable for discriminating between cognitively healthy and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals, and it is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. This study aimed to determine whether FACEmemory scoring is related to performance on classical memory tests and to AD biomarkers of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CSF in patients with early-onset MCI (EOMCI). Methods Ninety-four patients with EOMCI from the BIOFACE study completed FACEmemory, classical memory tests (the Spanish version of the Word Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test -FCSRT-, the Word List from the Wechsler Memory Scale, third edition, and the Spanish version of the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test), and a brain MRI. Eighty-two individuals also underwent a lumbar puncture. Results FACEmemory scoring was moderately correlated with FCSRT scoring. With regard to neuroimaging MRI results, worse execution on FACEmemory was associated with lower cortical volume in the right prefrontal and inferior parietal areas, along with the left temporal and associative occipital areas. Moreover, the total FACEmemory score correlated with CSF AD biomarkers (Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio, p181-tau, and Aβ1-42/p181-tau ratio). When performance on FACEmemory was compared among the ATN classification groups, significant differences between the AD group and normal and SNAP groups were found. Conclusions FACEmemory is a promising tool for detecting memory deficits sensitive to early-onset AD, but it also allows the detection of memory-impaired cases due to other etiologies. Our findings suggest that FACEmemory scoring can detect the AD endophenotype and that it is also associated with AD-related changes in MRI and CSF in patients with EOMCI. The computerized FACEmemory tool might be an opportunity to facilitate early detection of MCI in younger people than 65, who have a growing interest in new technologies.

Published
2021

23. Metabolic syndrome impact on cognitive composites domain scores and on white matter hyperintensities in subjective cognitive decline: The FACEHBI Cohort

Author

Gemma Ortega, Ana Espinosa, Montserrat Alegret, Gemma Monté‐Rubio, Oscar Sotolongo‐Grau, Angela Sanabria, Juan Pablo Tartari, Octavio Rodriguez‐Gomez, Marta Marquié, Assumpta Vivas, M Gómez‐Chiari, Emilio Alarcón‐Martín, Alba Pérez‐Cordón, Natalia Roberto, Isabel Hernandez, Maitee Rosende‐Roca, Liliana Vargas, Ana Mauleon, Carla Abdelnour, Ester Esteban‐De Antonio, Rogelio López‐Cuevas, S Alonso‐Lana, Sonia Moreno‐Grau, Itziar de Rojas, Adelina Orellana, Laura Montrreal, Lluis Tarraga, Agustin Ruiz, Mercè Boada, and Sergi Valero

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology
Published
2021

24. Comparison of automated CLEIA and manual ELISA immunoassays for CSF AD biomarkers: The Fundació ACE Biomarker Research Program (FACEBREP)

Author

Adelina Orellana, Sergi Valero, Carla Abdelnour, Laura Montrreal, Itziar de Rojas, Maitee Rosende‐Roca, Ana Mauleon, Liliana Vargas, Juan Pablo Tartari, Ester Esteban‐De Antonio, Pablo García‐González, Emilio Alarcón‐Martín, Montserrat Alegret, Daniel Alcolea, Alberto Lleó, Isabel Hernandez, Lluis Tarraga, Marta Marquié, and Mercè Boada

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology
Published
2021

25. Matrix metalloproteinase 10 is linked to the risk of progression to dementia of the Alzheimer's type

Author

Pamela V Martino Adami, Adelina Orellana, Pablo García, Luca Kleineidam, Emilio Alarcón-Martín, Laura Montrreal, Nuria Aguilera, Ana Espinosa, Carla Abdelnour, Maitee Rosende-Roca, Juan Pablo Tartari, Liliana Vargas, Ana Mauleón, Ester Esteban-De Antonio, Rogelio López-Cuevas, Maria Carolina Dalmasso, Rafael Campos Martin, Kayenat Parveen, Victor M Andrade Fuentes, Najaf Amin, Shahzad Ahmad, M Arfan Ikram, Piotr Lewczuk, Johannes Kornhuber, Oliver Peters, Lutz Frölich, Eckart Rüther, Jens Wiltfang, Lluis Tarraga, Merce Boada, Wolfgang Maier, Itziar de Rojas, Amanda Cano, Angela Sanabria, Montserrat Alegret, Isabel Hernández, Marta Marquié, Sergi Valero, Cornelia M van Duijn, Michael Wagner, Frank Jessen, Anja Schneider, María Eugenia Sáez Goñi, Antonio González Pérez, Agustín Ruiz, Alfredo Ramírez, Epidemiology, and Radiology & Nuclear Medicine

Subjects
Amyloid beta-Peptides, biomarkers, tau Proteins, cerebrospinal fluid [Matrix Metalloproteinase 10], Peptide Fragments, pathology [Alzheimer Disease], disease progression, mild cognitive impairment, diagnosis [Cognitive Dysfunction], Matrix Metalloproteinase 10, ageing, Alzheimer Disease, Disease Progression, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, Neurology (clinical), ddc:610, Longitudinal Studies, Alzheimer’s disease, Biomarkers
Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease has a long asymptomatic phase that offers a substantial time window for intervention. Using this window of opportunity will require early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to detect Alzheimer’s disease pathology at predementia stages, thus allowing identification of patients who will most probably progress to dementia of the Alzheimer’s type and benefit from specific disease-modifying therapies. Consequently, we searched for CSF proteins associated with disease progression along with the clinical disease staging. We measured the levels of 184 proteins in CSF samples from 556 subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment patients from three independent memory clinic longitudinal studies (Spanish ACE, n = 410; German DCN, n = 93; German Mannheim, n = 53). We evaluated the association between protein levels and clinical stage, and the effect of protein levels on the progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Mild cognitive impairment subjects with increased CSF level of matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP-10) showed a higher probability of progressing to dementia of the Alzheimer’s type and a faster cognitive decline. CSF MMP-10 increased the prediction accuracy of CSF amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42), phospho-tau 181 (P-tau181) and total tau (T-tau) for conversion to dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Including MMP-10 to the [A/T/(N)] scheme improved considerably the prognostic value in mild cognitive impairment patients with abnormal Aβ42, but normal P-tau181 and T-tau, and in mild cognitive impairment patients with abnormal Aβ42, P-tau181 and T-tau. MMP-10 was correlated with age in subjects with normal Aβ42, P-tau181 and T-tau levels. Our findings support the use of CSF MMP-10 as a prognostic marker for dementia of the Alzheimer’s type and its inclusion in the [A/T/(N)] scheme to incorporate pathologic aspects beyond amyloid and tau. CSF level of MMP-10 may reflect ageing and neuroinflammation.

Published
2021

26. The role of sex and gender in the selection of Alzheimer patients for clinical trial pre-screening

Author

Asunción Lafuente, Antonio González-Pérez, Susana Diego, Mercè Boada, Sara Jofresa, Ana Pancho, Maitée Rosende-Roca, Isabel Hernández, Mar Buendía, Juliana Martínez-Atienza, Marta Ibarria, Rogelio López, Carla Abdelnour, Nuria Aguilera, Emilio Alarcon, Ester Esteban, Agustín Ruiz, Juan Pablo Tartari, Miren Jone Gurruchaga, Lluís Tárraga, María Eugenia Sáez, Sergi Valero, and Marta Marquié

Subjects
Male, Aging, Cognitive Neuroscience, Population, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Education, Elderly, Alzheimer Disease, medicine, Dementia, Humans, Women, Cognitive Dysfunction, RC346-429, education, Aged, education.field_of_study, Clinical Trials as Topic, Sex Characteristics, business.industry, Research, Memory clinic, Mild cognitive impairment, Gender, medicine.disease, Comorbidity, Clinical trial, Clinical research, Cross-Sectional Studies, Neurology, Cohort, Population study, Educational Status, Sex, Female, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, Neurology (clinical), business, Alzheimer’s disease, RC321-571, Demography
Abstract

Background Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting the elderly with a prevalence of 7.1% in women and 3.3% in men. Sex-related patterns have been reported in prognosis, biomarker status, and risk factors. Despite this, the interaction of sex has received limited attention, with AD trials persistently recruiting lower numbers of women than the population distribution and a lack of information on the sex-disaggregated effects of anti-dementia therapies. This is the first study aiming to identify the role of sex in the selection for screening in AD clinical trials. Methods This cross-sectional study provides a comprehensive analysis of screening eligibility according to a set of pre-selection criteria currently applied at Fundació ACE memory clinic for a more efficient trial screening process. A cohort of 6667 women and 2926 men diagnosed with AD dementia (55%) or mild cognitive impairment (45%) was analyzed. We also assessed the frequencies of men and women effectively screened for trial enrolment over a period of 10 years. Additionally, data from AddNeuroMed study was used to explore trends in eligibility based on the education criteria. Results Women showed a significantly lower chance of being eligible for screening than men (OR = 1.26; p < 0.01). This imbalance was confirmed by a lower frequency of women screened for enrolment compared to the study population (63.0% vs. 69.5%). Education was revealed as the key criterion contributing to this unbalance, with men showing over twice the chance of being screened compared with women (OR = 2.25, p < 0.01). Education-based differences were greater in earlier born patients, but the gap narrowed and achieved balance with increasing year of birth. This observation was replicated using data from other European populations included in AddNeuroMed study. Comorbidity was the most limiting criterion with sex differences in frequencies and significant discrimination against the selection of men (OR = 0.86, p < 0.01). Conclusions The large number of low-educated elderly women with AD demands for a sex-focused approach in clinical research. New assessment tools insensitive to education level should be developed to enable a proportional representation of women. Although this gender education gap is mostly inexistent in developed countries, economic or cultural factors may lead to different scenarios in other regions. Overlooking the impact of sex may lead to a handicap in AD research with a direct adverse impact on women’s health.

Published
2021

27. Early detection of amyloid load using 18F-florbetaben PET

Author

Susan De Santi, Audrey Perrotin, John Seibyl, Aleksandar Jovalekic, Christopher C. Rowe, Andre Müller, Vincent Dore, Andrew W. Stephens, Henryk Barthel, Juan Pablo Tartari, Marta Marquié, Lluís Tárraga, Mercè Boada, Oscar Sotolongo-Grau, Osama Sabri, Angela Sanabria, Susan M. Landau, Núria Roé-Vellvé, Norman Koglin, Santiago Bullich, and Victor L. Villemagne

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Amyloid, Amyloid beta, Cognitive Neuroscience, Population, Neuropathology, lcsh:RC346-429, lcsh:RC321-571, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Dementia, Cognitive decline, education, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Florbetaben, lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, education.field_of_study, biology, business.industry, Mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, medicine.disease, PET, Neurology, biology.protein, Neurology (clinical), Amyloid-beta, business, Subjective memory complainers, Alzheimer’s disease, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background A low amount and extent of Aβ deposition at early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may limit the use of previously developed pathology-proven composite SUVR cutoffs. This study aims to characterize the population with earliest abnormal Aβ accumulation using 18F-florbetaben PET. Quantitative thresholds for the early (SUVRearly) and established (SUVRestab) Aβ deposition were developed, and the topography of early Aβ deposition was assessed. Subsequently, Aβ accumulation over time, progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD dementia, and tau deposition were assessed in subjects with early and established Aβ deposition. Methods The study population consisted of 686 subjects (n = 287 (cognitively normal healthy controls), n = 166 (subjects with subjective cognitive decline (SCD)), n = 129 (subjects with MCI), and n = 101 (subjects with AD dementia)). Three categories in the Aβ-deposition continuum were defined based on the developed SUVR cutoffs: Aβ-negative subjects, subjects with early Aβ deposition (“gray zone”), and subjects with established Aβ pathology. Results SUVR using the whole cerebellum as the reference region and centiloid (CL) cutoffs for early and established amyloid pathology were 1.10 (13.5 CL) and 1.24 (35.7 CL), respectively. Cingulate cortices and precuneus, frontal, and inferior lateral temporal cortices were the regions showing the initial pathological tracer retention. Subjects in the “gray zone” or with established Aβ pathology accumulated more amyloid over time than Aβ-negative subjects. After a 4-year clinical follow-up, none of the Aβ-negative or the gray zone subjects progressed to AD dementia while 91% of the MCI subjects with established Aβ pathology progressed. Tau deposition was infrequent in those subjects without established Aβ pathology. Conclusions This study supports the utility of using two cutoffs for amyloid PET abnormality defining a “gray zone”: a lower cutoff of 13.5 CL indicating emerging Aβ pathology and a higher cutoff of 35.7 CL where amyloid burden levels correspond to established neuropathology findings. These cutoffs define a subset of subjects characterized by pre-AD dementia levels of amyloid burden that precede other biomarkers such as tau deposition or clinical symptoms and accelerated amyloid accumulation. The determination of different amyloid loads, particularly low amyloid levels, is useful in determining who will eventually progress to dementia. Quantitation of amyloid provides a sensitive measure in these low-load cases and may help to identify a group of subjects most likely to benefit from intervention. Trial registration Data used in this manuscript belong to clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00928304, NCT00750282, NCT01138111, NCT02854033) and EudraCT (2014-000798-38).

Published
2021

28. Neuropsychiatric profiles and conversion to dementia in mild cognitive impairment, a latent class analysis

Author

Carla Abdelnour, Sonia Moreno-Grau, Agustín Ruiz, Liliana Vargas, Alba Pérez-Cordón, Maitée Rosende-Roca, Ester Esteban de Antonio, Silvia Gil, Lluís Tárraga, Isabel Hernández, Itziar de Rojas, Adelina Orellana, Juan Pablo Tartari, Ana Mauleón, Laura Montrreal, Natalia Roberto, Emilio Alarcón-Martín, Mercè Boada, Montserrat Alegret, Gemma Ortega, Sergi Valero, Angela Sanabria, Maria J. Portella, Ana Espinosa, and Marta Marquié

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Apathy, Anxiety, Irritability, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Psychology, Dementia, Cognitive Dysfunction, Signs and symptoms, Vascular dementia, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Multidisciplinary, 030214 geriatrics, Cognitive ageing, Dementia with Lewy bodies, business.industry, Neurodegenerative diseases, Memory clinic, Mental Status and Dementia Tests, medicine.disease, Irritable Mood, Risk factors, Neurology, Latent Class Analysis, Medicine, Female, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience, Frontotemporal dementia
Abstract

Altres ajuts: Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) Altres ajuts: Generalitat de Catalunya. Programa CERCA Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERSAM i CIBERNED) Altres ajuts: Fundació "La Caixa" Altres ajuts: Grífols SA (GR@ACE project) Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) have been recently addressed as risk factors of conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementia types in patients diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Our aim was to determine profiles based on the prominent NPS in MCI patients and to explore the predictive value of these profiles on conversion to specific types of dementia. A total of 2137 MCI patients monitored in a memory clinic were included in the study. Four NPS profiles emerged (classes), which were defined by preeminent symptoms: Irritability, Apathy, Anxiety/Depression and Asymptomatic. Irritability and Apathy were predictors of conversion to dementia (HR = 1.43 and 1.56, respectively). Anxiety/depression class showed no risk effect of conversion when compared to Asymptomatic class. Irritability class appeared as the most discriminant neuropsychiatric condition to identify non-AD converters (i.e., frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy Bodies). The findings revealed that consistent subgroups of MCI patients could be identified among comorbid basal NPS. The preeminent NPS showed to behave differentially on conversion to dementia, beyond AD. Therefore, NPS should be used as early diagnosis facilitators, and should also guide clinicians to detect patients with different illness trajectories in the progression of MCI.

Published
2021

29. Author Correction: Interaction of neuropsychiatric symptoms with APOE ε4 and conversion to dementia in MCI patients in a Memory Clinic

Author

Carla Abdelnour, Agustín Ruiz, Ana Espinosa, Lluís Tárraga, Liliana Vargas, Juan Pablo Tartari, Alba Benaque, Ester Esteban de Antonio, Mercè Boada, Sergi Valero, Gemma Ortega, Marta Marquié, Itziar de Rojas, Montse Alegret, Adelina Orellana, Natalia Roberto, Sonia Moreno-Grau, Ana Mauleón, Laura Montrreal, Alba Pérez-Cordón, Maitée Rosende-Roca, Isabel Hernández, Silvia Gil, and Angela Sanabria

Subjects
Male, Heterozygote, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Apolipoprotein E4, MEDLINE, Neuropsychological Tests, Text mining, Humans, Medicine, Dementia, Cognitive Dysfunction, Author Correction, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Memory Disorders, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Memory clinic, medicine.disease, Psychotic Disorders, Female, business
Abstract

To date, very few studies have been focused on the impact of the convergence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and APOE ε4 on the conversion to dementia in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment patients (MCI), and none has been based in a clinical setting. The objective of the study is to determine the predictive value of additive and multiplicative interactions of NPS and APOE ε4 status on the prediction of incident dementia among MCI patients monitored in a Memory Clinic. 1512 patients (aged 60 and older) with prevalent MCI were followed for a mean of 2 years. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed at baseline using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were calculated. Additive interactions for depression, apathy, anxiety, agitation, appetite, or irritability and a positive ε4 carrier status were obtained, significantly increasing the hazard ratios of incident dementia (HR range 1.3-2.03). Synergistic interactions between NPS and APOE ε4 are identified among MCI patients when predicting incident dementia. The combination of the behavioral status and the genetic trait could be considered a useful strategy to identify the most vulnerable MCI patients to dementia conversion in a Memory Clinic.

Published
2021

30. Early detection of amyloid load using

Author

Santiago, Bullich, Núria, Roé-Vellvé, Marta, Marquié, Susan M, Landau, Henryk, Barthel, Victor L, Villemagne, Ángela, Sanabria, Juan Pablo, Tartari, Oscar, Sotolongo-Grau, Vincent, Doré, Norman, Koglin, Andre, Müller, Audrey, Perrotin, Aleksandar, Jovalekic, Susan, De Santi, Lluís, Tárraga, Andrew W, Stephens, Christopher C, Rowe, Osama, Sabri, John P, Seibyl, and Mercè, Boada

Subjects
Amyloid beta-Peptides, Aniline Compounds, Research, Mild cognitive impairment, Florbetaben, PET, Alzheimer Disease, Positron-Emission Tomography, mental disorders, Stilbenes, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, Amyloid-beta, Subjective memory complainers, Alzheimer’s disease
Abstract

Background A low amount and extent of Aβ deposition at early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may limit the use of previously developed pathology-proven composite SUVR cutoffs. This study aims to characterize the population with earliest abnormal Aβ accumulation using 18F-florbetaben PET. Quantitative thresholds for the early (SUVRearly) and established (SUVRestab) Aβ deposition were developed, and the topography of early Aβ deposition was assessed. Subsequently, Aβ accumulation over time, progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD dementia, and tau deposition were assessed in subjects with early and established Aβ deposition. Methods The study population consisted of 686 subjects (n = 287 (cognitively normal healthy controls), n = 166 (subjects with subjective cognitive decline (SCD)), n = 129 (subjects with MCI), and n = 101 (subjects with AD dementia)). Three categories in the Aβ-deposition continuum were defined based on the developed SUVR cutoffs: Aβ-negative subjects, subjects with early Aβ deposition (“gray zone”), and subjects with established Aβ pathology. Results SUVR using the whole cerebellum as the reference region and centiloid (CL) cutoffs for early and established amyloid pathology were 1.10 (13.5 CL) and 1.24 (35.7 CL), respectively. Cingulate cortices and precuneus, frontal, and inferior lateral temporal cortices were the regions showing the initial pathological tracer retention. Subjects in the “gray zone” or with established Aβ pathology accumulated more amyloid over time than Aβ-negative subjects. After a 4-year clinical follow-up, none of the Aβ-negative or the gray zone subjects progressed to AD dementia while 91% of the MCI subjects with established Aβ pathology progressed. Tau deposition was infrequent in those subjects without established Aβ pathology. Conclusions This study supports the utility of using two cutoffs for amyloid PET abnormality defining a “gray zone”: a lower cutoff of 13.5 CL indicating emerging Aβ pathology and a higher cutoff of 35.7 CL where amyloid burden levels correspond to established neuropathology findings. These cutoffs define a subset of subjects characterized by pre-AD dementia levels of amyloid burden that precede other biomarkers such as tau deposition or clinical symptoms and accelerated amyloid accumulation. The determination of different amyloid loads, particularly low amyloid levels, is useful in determining who will eventually progress to dementia. Quantitation of amyloid provides a sensitive measure in these low-load cases and may help to identify a group of subjects most likely to benefit from intervention. Trial registration Data used in this manuscript belong to clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00928304, NCT00750282, NCT01138111, NCT02854033) and EudraCT (2014-000798-38).

Published
2020

31. How gender and sex influence clinical trial recruitment in Alzheimer's disease: Findings from Fundació ACE Barcelona Alzheimer Treatment and Research Center

Author

Mar Buendía, Antonella Santuccione, Sergi Valero, Ana Pancho, Peggy Maguire, Maitée Rosende-Roca, Mercè Boada, Isabel Hernández, Agustín Ruiz, Alba Benaque, Maria Teresa Ferretti, Juan Pablo Tartari, Lluís Tárraga, Carla Abdelnour, Asunción Lafuente, and Miren Gurrutxaga

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, business.industry, Health Policy, Disease, Clinical trial, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, Internal medicine, medicine, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, Research center
Published
2020

32. Interaction of neuropsychiatric symptoms with APOE e4 and conversion to dementia in MCI patients in a memory clinic

Author

Gemma Ortega, Alba Pérez-Cordón, Laura Montrreal, Maitée Rosende-Roca, Ester Esteban de Antonio, Angela Sanabria, Isabel Hernández, Sonia Moreno, Itziar de Rojas, Ana Espinosa, Adelina Orellana, Alba Benaque, Liliana Vargas, Silvia Gil, Mercè Boada, Agustín Ruiz, Sergi Valero, Carla Abdelnour, Ana Mauleón, Juan Pablo Tartari, Natalia Roberto, Montserrat Alegret, Marta Marquié, and Lluís Tárraga

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, business.industry, Health Policy, Memory clinic, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, Medicine, Dementia, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, business
Published
2020

33. The Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in plasma is associated with amyloid‐PET status and rate of progression in individuals with subjective cognitive decline: The Fundació ACE Healthy Brain Initiative

Author

Oscar Sotolongo-Grau, Mercè Boada, Marta Marquié, Judith Romero, Noelia Fandos, Angela Sanabria, Manuel Sarasa, Itziar de Rojas, Pedro Pesini, Juan Pablo Tartari, and Agustín Ruiz

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, business.industry, Health Policy, Amyloid pet, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, Internal medicine, medicine, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, Cognitive decline, business
Published
2020

34. Quantitative thresholds for 18 F‐florbetaben PET for the detection of low amyloid load

Author

Lluís Tárraga, Osama Sabri, Aleksandar Jovalekic, Angela Sanabria, Marta Marquié, Oscar Sotolongo-Grau, Andre Mueller, Andrew W. Stephens, Victor L. Villemagne, Núria Roé-Vellvé, Henryk Barthel, Christopher C. Rowe, Vincent Dore, Juan Pablo Tartari, Audrey Perrotin, Mercè Boada, John Seibyl, Santiago Bullich, Susan De Santi, and Norman Koglin

Subjects
Amyloid, Epidemiology, business.industry, Health Policy, Early detection, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, Neuroimaging, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, Florbetaben, Neuroscience
Published
2020

35. Gender and sex bias in clinical trial recruitment in Alzheimer's disease: Findings from Fundació ACE

Author

Peggy Maguire, Antonella Santuccione, Maitée Rosende-Roca, Carla Abdelnour, Ana Pancho, Isabel Hernández, Mar Buendía, Lluís Tárraga, Agustín Ruiz, Sergi Valero, Asunción Lafuente, Juan Pablo Tartari, Maria Teresa Ferreti, Miren Gurrutxaga, Alba Benaque, and Mercè Boada

Subjects
Cognitive aging, Race ethnicity, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Disease, Clinical trial, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Sex bias, Developmental Neuroscience, Sex gender, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, Psychology, Clinical psychology
Published
2020

36. Interaction of neuropsychiatric symptoms with APOE ε4 and conversion to dementia in MCI patients in a Memory Clinic

Author

Laura Montrreal, Lluís Tárraga, Angela Sanabria, Sonia Moreno-Grau, Agustín Ruiz, Alba Pérez-Cordón, Maitée Rosende-Roca, Isabel Hernández, Natalia Roberto, Mercè Boada, Juan Pablo Tartari, Alba Benaque, Gemma Ortega, Silvia Gil, Ana Espinosa, Carla Abdelnour, Ana Mauleón, Marta Marquié, Montse Alegret, Ester Esteban de Antonio, Itziar de Rojas, Liliana Vargas, Adelina Orellana, and Sergi Valero

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Medicine, Irritability, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Dementia, Psychology, Apathy, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, 030214 geriatrics, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, lcsh:R, Memory clinic, Hazard ratio, medicine.disease, Anxiety, lcsh:Q, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire, Neuroscience
Abstract

To date, very few studies have been focused on the impact of the convergence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and APOE ε4 on the conversion to dementia in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment patients (MCI), and none has been based in a clinical setting. The objective of the study is to determine the predictive value of additive and multiplicative interactions of NPS and APOE ε4 status on the prediction of incident dementia among MCI patients monitored in a Memory Clinic. 1512 patients (aged 60 and older) with prevalent MCI were followed for a mean of 2 years. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed at baseline using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were calculated. Additive interactions for depression, apathy, anxiety, agitation, appetite, or irritability and a positive ε4 carrier status were obtained, significantly increasing the hazard ratios of incident dementia (HR range 1.3–2.03). Synergistic interactions between NPS and APOE ε4 are identified among MCI patients when predicting incident dementia. The combination of the behavioral status and the genetic trait could be considered a useful strategy to identify the most vulnerable MCI patients to dementia conversion in a Memory Clinic.

Published
2020

37. Subtle executive deficits are associated with higher brain amyloid burden and lower cortical volume in subjective cognitive decline: the FACEHBI cohort

Author

Gemma Ortega, Ana Mauleón, Alba Benaque, Mercè Boada, Alba Pérez-Cordón, Marta Gomez-Chiari, Francisco Lomeña, Maitée Rosende-Roca, Assumpta Vivas, Gemma C Monté-Rubio, Ana Espinosa, Liliana Vargas, Isabel Hernández, Octavio Rodriguez-Gomez, Marta Marquié, Agustín Ruiz, Montserrat Alegret, Juan Pablo Tartari, Silvia Gil, Carla Abdelnour, Angela Sanabria, L. Tárraga, Francisco Campos, and Sergi Valero

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Amyloid beta, Trail Making Test, lcsh:Medicine, Audiology, Grey matter, Article, Cohort Studies, Executive Function, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Alzheimer Disease, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, medicine, Memory span, Humans, Hippocampus (mythology), Cognitive Dysfunction, Cognitive decline, lcsh:Science, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Multidisciplinary, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Cognitive ageing, business.industry, lcsh:R, Neurodegenerative diseases, Brain, Diagnostic markers, Magnetic resonance imaging, Middle Aged, Up-Regulation, Early Diagnosis, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cohort, biology.protein, lcsh:Q, Female, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

To determine whether lower performance on executive function tests in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) individuals are associated with higher levels of brain amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition and regional volumetric reduction in areas of interest for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). 195 individuals with SCD from the FACEHBI study were assessed with a neuropsychological battery that included the following nine executive function tests: Trail Making Test A and B (TMTA, TMTB), the Rule Shift Cards subtest of BADS, the Automatic Inhibition subtest of the Syndrom Kurz Test (AI-SKT), Digit Span Backwards and Similarities from WAIS-III, and the letter, semantic, and verb fluency tests. All subjects underwent an 18F-Florbetaben positron emission tomography (FBB-PET) scan to measure global standard uptake value ratio (SUVR), and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A multiple regression analysis, adjusted for age, was carried out to explore the association between global SUVR and performance on executive tests. Then, on those tests significantly associated with amyloid burden, a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was carried out to explore their correlates with grey matter volume. Multiple regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between Aβ deposition and performance on one of the executive tests (the AI-SKT). Moreover, VBM analysis showed worse AI-SKT scores were related to lower volume in bilateral hippocampus and left inferior frontal regions. In conclusion, in SCD individuals, worse automatic inhibition ability has been found related to higher cerebral Aβ deposition and lower volume in the hippocampus and frontal regions. Thus, our results may contribute to the early detection of AD in individuals with SCD.

Published
2020

38. Reduced Cancer Incidence in Huntington's Disease: Analysis in the Registry Study

Author

Mcnulty, Paul, Pilcher, Richard, Ramesh, Raviram, Necuiniate, Renata, Hughes, Alis, Farewell, Daniel, Holmans, Peter, Jones, Lesley, Bonelli, Raphael M., Hecht, Karen, Herranhof, Brigitte, Holl, Anna, Kapfhammer, Hans-Peter, Koppitz, Michael, Lilek, Sabine, Magnet, Markus, Müller, Nicole, Otti, Daniela, Painold, Annamaria, Reisinger, Karin, Scheibl, Monika, Schöggl, Helmut, Ullah, Jasmin, Braunwarth, Eva-Maria, Brugger, Florian, Buratti, Lisa, Hametner, Eva-Maria, Hepperger, Caroline, Holas, Christiane, Hotter, Anna, Hussl, Anna, Larcher, Barbara, Mahlknecht, Philipp, Müller, Christoph, Pinter, Bernadette, Poewe, Werner, Reiter, Eva-Magdalena, Seppi, Klaus, Sprenger, Fabienne, Wenning, Gregor, Ladurner, Gunther, Lilek, Stefan, Sinadinosa, Daniela, Staffen, Wolfgang, Walleczek, Anna Maria, Constant, Eric, Gillardin, Anne-Françoise, Léonard, Marie-Claude, Verellen-Dumoulin, Christine, Van De Wyngaerde, Françoise, Dupuis, Michel, Minet, Cécile, Ribaï, Pascale, Van Paemel, Dominique, Boogaerts, Andrea, Vandenberghe, Wim, Van Reijen, Dimphna, Kaiserova, Michaela, Šenkárová, Zuzana, Klempíř, Jiří, Majerová, Veronika, Roth, Jan, Madsen, Louise Hasselstrøm, Møller, Anette Torvin, Hjermind, Lena, Jacobsen, Oda, Lindquist, Suzanne, Nielsen, Jørgen, Regeur, Lisbeth, Stockholm, Jette, Larsen, Ida Unmack, Vangsted-Hansen, Christina, Vinther-Jensen, Tua, Lolk, Annette, Lundsgaard, Marianne, Wermuth, Lene, Andersson, Christian, Nyberg, Clara, Sundblom, Jimmy, Peippo, Maarit, Sipponen, Marjett, Hartikainen, Paivi, Ollokainen, Mari, Åman, Jaana, Ignatius, Jaakko, Kärppä, Mikko, Mustonen, Aki, Kajula, Outi, Jääskalainen, Outi, Moilanen, Jukka, Santala, Maire, Eklund, Pia, Hiivola, Heli, Hyppönen, Hannele, Martikainen, Kirsti, Tuuha, Katri, Allain, Philippe, Bonneau, Dominique, Bost, Marie, Gohier, Bénédicte, Guérid, Marie-Anne, Olivier, Audrey, Prouzet, Julie, Prundean, Adriana, Scherer-Gagou, Clarisse, Verny, Christophe, Babiloni, Blandine, Debruxelles, Sabrina, Duché, Charlotte, Goizet, Cyril, Jameau, Laetitia, Lafoucrière, Danielle, Spampinato, Umberto, Couttier, Julien, Debilly, Bérengère, Delaigue, Christine, Durif, Franck, Legendre, Perrine, Loiseau, Sylvie, Ulla, Miguel, Vidal, Tiphaine, Bachoud-Lévi, Anne-Catherine, Badei, Farideh, Boissé, Marie-Françoise, Boudali, Lotfi, De Langavant, Laurent Cleret, Lemoine, Laurie, Morgado, Graca, Youssov, Katia, Annic, Agnès, Barthélémy, Recka, De Bruycker, Christelle, Cabaret, Maryline, Carette, Anne-Sophie, Carrière, Nicolas, Decorte, Eric, Defebvre, Luc, Delliaux, Marie, Delval, Arnaud, Depelchin, Alizé, Destee, Alain, Dewulf-Pasz, Nelly, Dondaine, Thibaut, Dugauquier, Florence, Dujardin, Kathy, Hopes, Lucie, Krystkowiak, Pierre, Lemaire, Marie-Hélène, Manouvrier, Sylvie, Mutez, Eugénie, Peter, Mireille, Plomhause, Lucie, Sablonnière, Bernard, Simonin, Clémence, Tard, Céline, Thibault-Tanchou, Stéphanie, Vuillaume, Isabelle, Bellonet, Marcellin, Benoit, Alexandra, Berrisoul, Hassan, Blin, Stéphanie, Courtin, Françoise, Duru, Cécile, Fasquel, Véronique, Flament, Mélanie, Godefroy, Olivier, Mantaux, Béatrice, Playe, Alicia, Roussel, Martine, Tir, Mélissa, Schüler, Béatrice, Wannepain, Sandrine, Azulay, Jean-Philippe, Chabot, Christelle, Delfini, Marie, Eusebio, Alexandre, Fluchere, Frédérique, Grosjean, Hélène, Mundler, Laura, Nowak, Marielle, Raseta, Rolland, Benaich, Sandra, Brice, Alexis, Charles, Perrine, Durr, Alexandra, Ewenczyk, Claire, Francisque, Hélène, Jauffret, Céline, Justo, Damian, Kassar, Abdulrahman, Klebe, Stephan, Lesne, Fabien, Milani, Paolo, Monin, Marie-Lorraine, Roze, Emmanuel, Tataru, Alina, Tchikviladzé, Maya, Bioux, Sandrine, Bliaux, Evangeline, Girard, Carole, Guyant-Maréchal, Lucie, Hannequin, Didier, Hannier, Véronique, Jourdain, Séverine, Maltête, David, Pouliquen, Dorothée, Lagha-Boukbiza, Ouhaid, Longato, Nadine, Marcel, Christophe, Phillipps, Clélie, Rudolf, Gabrielle, Steinmetz, Giséle, Tranchant, Christine, Wagner, Caroline, Zimmermann, Marie-Agathe, Blondeau, Leily, Calvas, Fabienne, Cheriet, Samia, Delabaere, Helène, Demonet, Jean-François, Pariente, Jérémie, Pierre, Michèle, Rolland, Sandrine, Kosinski, Christoph Michael, Milkereit, Eva, Probst, Daniela, Reetz, Kathrin, Sass, Christian, Schiefer, Johannes, Schlangen, Christiane, Werner, Cornelius J., Beuth, Markus, Gelderblom, Harald, Priller, Josef, Prüß, Harald, Spruth, Eike, Thiel, Silvia, Andrich, Jürgen, Ellrichmann, Gisa, Herrmann, Lennard, Hoffmann, Rainer, Kaminski, Barbara, Kraus, Peter, Saft, Carsten, Stamm, Christiane, Lange, Herwig, Maiwald, Robert, Bosredon, Cecile, Hunger, Ulrike, Löhle, Matthias, Maass, Antonia, Ossig, Christiana, Schmidt, Simone, Storch, Alexander, Wolz, Annett, Wolz, Martin, Kohl, Zacharias, Kozay, Christina, Winkler, Jürgen, Bergmann, Ulrike, Böringer, Regina, Capetian, Philipp, Kammel, Gerit, Lambeck, Johann, Mächtel, Miriam, Meier, Simone, Rijntjes, Michel, Zucker, Birgit, Boelmans, Kai, Ganos, Christos, Goerendt, Ines, Heinicke, Walburgis, Hidding, Ute, Lewerenz, Jan, Münchau, Alexander, Orth, Michael, Schmalfeld, Jenny, Stubbe, Lars, Zittel, Simone, Diercks, Gabriele, Dressler, Dirk, Francis, Flverly, Gayde-Stephan, Sabine, Gorzolla, Heike, Kramer, Bianca, Minschke, Rebecca, Schrader, Christoph, Tacik, Pawel, Ribbat, Michael, Longinus, Bernhard, Lüsebrink, Antje, Mühlau, Mark, Peinemann, Alexander, Städtler, Michael, Weindl, Adolf, Winkelmann, Juliane, Ziegler, Cornelia, Bechtel, Natalie, Beckmann, Heike, Bohlen, Stefan, Göpfert, Nicole, Hölzner, Eva, Reilmann, Ralf, Rohm, Stefanie, Rumpf, Silke, Schepers, Sigrun, Weber, Nathalia, Bachmeier, Michael, Dose, Matthias, Hofstetter, Nina, Marquard, Ralf, Mühlbäck, Alzbeta, Barth, Katrin, Buck, Andrea, Connemann, Julia, Ecker, Daniel, Geitner, Carolin, Held, Christine, Kesse, Andrea, Landwehrmeyer, Bernhard, Lezius, Franziska, Nepper, Solveig, Niess, Anke, Schneider, Ariane, Schwenk, Daniela, Süssmuth, Sigurd, Trautmann, Sonja, Vogel, Melanie, Weydt, Patrick, Musacchio, Thomas, Leypold, Christine, Nöth, Kerstin, Cormio, Claudia, Difruscolo, Olimpia, Franco, Giovanni, Sciruicchio, Vittorio, Serpino, Claudia, De Tommaso, Marina, Calandra-Buonaura, Giovanna, Capellari, Sabina, Cortelli, Pietro, Gallassi, Roberto, Poda, Roberto, Scaglione, Cesa, Bertini, Elisabetta, Ghelli, Elena, Ginestroni, Andrea, Mechi, Claudia, Paganini, Marco, Piacentini, Silvia, Pradella, Silvia, Romoli, Anna Maria, Sorbi, Sandro, Abbruzzese, Giovanni, DI Poggio, Monica Bandettini, Ferrandes, Giovanna, Mandich, Paola, Marchese, Roberta, DI Maria, Emilio, Albanese, Alberto, Castagliuolo, Simona, Castaldo, Anna, DI Donato, Stefano, DI Bella, Daniela, Gellera, Cinzia, Genitrini, Silvia, Mariotti, Caterina, Monza, Daniela, Nanetti, Lorenzo, Panzeri, Marta, Paridi, Dominga, Soliveri, Paola, Spagnolo, Francesca, Taroni, Franco, Tomasello, Chiara, De Michele, Giuseppe, DI Maio, Luigi, Rinaldi, Carlo, Massarelli, Marco, Peluso, Silvio, Roca, Alessandro, Russo, Cinzia Valeria, Salvatore, Elena, Sorrentino, Pierpaolo, Tucci, Tecla, Cannella, Milena, Codella, Valentina, De Gregorio, Francesca, De Nicola, Annunziata, Elifani, Francesca, Martino, Tiziana, Mazzante, Irene, Petrollini, Martina, Simonelli, Maria, Vezza, Maurizio, Squitieri, Ferdinando, Lovo, Francesca, Bentivoglio, Anna Rita, Bove, Francesco, Catalli, Claudio, DI Giacopo, Raffaella, Fasano, Alfonso, Frontali, Marina, Guidubaldi, Arianna, Ialongo, Tamara, Jacopini, Gioia, Loria, Giovanna, Modoni, Anna, Petracca, Martina, Piano, Carla, Piccininni, Chiara, Quaranta, Davide, Romano, Silvia, Soleti, Francesco, Solito, Marcella, Spadaro, Maria, Torlizzi, Flavia, Zinzi, Paola, Coarelli, Giulia, Ferraldeschi, Michela, Ristori, Giovanni, Van Hout, Monique S. E., Van Vugt, Jeroen P. P., De Weert, A. Marit, Verhoeven, Marloes, Dekker, Meike, Leenders, Nico, Van Oostrom, Joost, Klooster, Jesper, Kremer, Berry, Baake, Verena, Van Den Bogaard, Simon J. A., Bos, Reineke, Dumas, Eve M., Hart'T, Ellen P., Kampstra, Anne, Roos, Raymund A. C., Schoonderbeek, Anne, Duits, Annelien, Oosterloo, Mayke, Waber, Mirella, Verstappen, Carla, Blinkenberg, Ellen Økland, Hauge, Erik, Tyvoll, Hilde, Aaserud, Olaf, Bjørgo, Kathrine, Borgeød, Nancy, Dramstad, Elisabeth, Fannemel, Madeleine, Frich, Jan C., Gørvell, Per F., Heiberg, Arvid, Retterstøl, Lars, Røsby, Oddveig, Sikiric, Alma, Stokke, Bodil, Van Walsem, Marleen, Wehus, Ragnhild, Bjørnevoll, Inga, Sando, Sigrid Botne, Haug, Marte Gjøl, Størseth, Hanna Haugan, Arntsen, Vibeke, Dziadkiewicz, Artur, Nowak, Malgorzata, Robowski, Piotr, Sitek, Emilia, Slawek, Jaroslaw, Soltan, Witold, Szinwelski, Michal, Arkuszewski, Michal, Blaszczyk, Magdalena, Boczarska-Jedynak, Magdalena, Ciach-Wysocka, Ewelina, Gorzkowska, Agnieszka, Jasińska-Myga, Barbara, Kaczmarczyk, Aleksandra, Klodowska-Duda, Gabriela, Opala, Grzegorz, Stompel, Daniel, Banaszkiewicz, Krzysztof, Boćwińska, Dorota, Bojakowska-Jaremek, Kamila, Dec, Malgorzata, Grabska, Natalia, Krawczyk, Malgorzata, Kubowicz, Ewelina, Malec-Litwinowicz, Michalina, Rudzińska, Monika, Stenwak, Agata, Szczudlik, Andrzej, Szczygiel, Elzbieta, Wójcik, Magdalena, Wasielewska, Anna, Aniola, Jacek, Bryl, Anna, Ciesielska, Anna, Klimberg, Aneta, Marcinkowski, Jerzy, Samara, Husam, Sempolowicz, Justyna, Wiśniewski, Bartlomiej, Zielonka, Daniel, Gogol, Anna, Janik, Piotr, Jamrozik, Zygmunt, Kaminska, Anna, Kwiecinski, Hubert, Antczak, Jakub, Jachinska, Katarzyna, Krysa, Wioletta, Rakowicz, Maryla, Richter, Przemyslaw, Rola, Rafal, Ryglewicz, Danuta, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, Halina, Stȩpniak, Iwona, Sulek, Anna, Witkowski, Grzegorz, Zaremba, Jacek, Zdzienicka, Elzbieta, Ziora-Jakutowicz, Karolina, Januário, Cristina, Júlio, Filipa, Almeida, Manuel, Calado, Ana, Dias, Margarida, Morgado, Joana, Semedo, Cristina, Guedes, Leonor Correia, Coelho, Miguel, Ferreira, Joaquim J, Mestre, Tiago, Mendes, Tiago, Valadas, Anabela, Costa, Cristina, Cardoso, Helena, Andrade, Carlos, Costa, Andreia, Garrett, Carolina, Gago, Miguel, Guimarães, Joana, Massano, João, Meireles, Joana, Monteiro, Ana, Herrera, Carmen Durán, Moreno, Patrocinio Garcia, Bas, Jordi, Busquets, Núria, Calopa, Matilde, Classen, Serge Jaumá, Dedichá, Nadia Rodríguez, Buongiorno, María Teresa, De La Cerda Santa María, Andrés, Muñoz, Esteban, Santacruz, Pilar, Barbera, Miquel Aguilar, Sebastián, Ana Rojo, Pardo, Sonia Arribas, Guia, Dolors Badenes, Calzado, Noemi, Hernanz, Laura Casas, DÍaz-Zorita, Juan Pablo Tartari, Catena, Judit López, Ferrer, Pilar Quiléz, Carruesco, Gemma Tome, Robert, Misericordia Floriach, Viladrich, Cèlia Mareca, Roca, Elvira, Idiago, Jesús Miguel Ruiz, Villa Riballo, Antonio, Campolongo, Antonia, De Bobadilla, Ramon Fernandez, Bojarsky, Jaime Kulisevsky, Martinez-Horta, Saul, Pagonabarraga, Javier, Perez, Jesus Perez, Ribosa, Roser, Villa, Carolina, Angeles, Maria, Gil, Acera, Corrales, Koldo Berganzo, Esteban, Juan Carlos Gomez, González, Amaia, Merino, Beatriz Tijero, Cubo, Esther, Polo, Cecilia Gil, Mariscal, Natividad, Romero, Sandra Gutierrez, Arbelo, José Matías, De Molina, Rocío Malo, Martín, Idaira, Periañez, Juan Manuel, Udaeta, Beatriz, Alonso-Frech, Fernando, Del Valle Loarte, María, Barrero, Francisco, Morales, Blas, Frades, Belén, Villanueva, Marina Ávila, Sevilla, Maria Ascension Zea, Frech, Fernando Alonso, Del Mar Fenollar, María, García, Rocío García-Ramos, Villanueva, Clara, Garde, Mónica Bascuñana, Ventura, Marta Fatás, Caldentey, Juan García, Ribas, Guillermo García, De Yébenes, Justo García, Moreno, José Luis López-Sendón, Barral, Verónica Mañanes, Cubillo, Patricia Trigo, Ruíz, Pedro José García, García, Ana, López, Rosa Guerrero, Bárcenas, Antonio Herranz, Martínez-Descals, Asunción, Martin, Veronica Puertas, Martínez, Noelia Rodríguez, Artiga, María José Sainz, Sánchez, Vicenta, Pueyo, Angel Martínez, Alarcón, Moreau María Dolores, Almagro, Carmen Antúnez, Diéguez, Esther, Fortuna, Lorenza, Manzanares, Salvadora, Muñoz, Juan Marín, Torres, María Martirio Antequera, Perea, Fuensanta Noguera, Vivancos, Laura, González, Sonia, Guisasola, Luis Menéndez, Prieto, Marta Para, Ribacoba, René, Salvador, Carlos, Lozano, Pablo Sánchez, Ramirez, Inés Legarda, Arques, Penelope Navas, Lopera, Monica Rodriguez, Pastor, Barbara Vives, Gaston, Itziar, Garcia-Amigot, Fermin, Martinez-Jaurrieta, Maria Dolores, Ramos-Arroyo, Maria Antonia, Carrillo, Fátima, Redondo, María Teresa Cáceres, Mir, Pablo, González, Laura Vargas, Hermoso, Fátima Damas, Moreno, Jose Manuel García, Lucena, Carolina Mendez, Cortegana, Eva María Pacheco, Peña, José Chacón, Redondo, Luis, Sánchez, Violeta Sánchez, Fernandez, Cristina Melgar, Lemos, María Dolores Romero, Mata, Maite Paredes, Casado, Rocío Villagrán, Bosca, Maria, Burguera, Juan Andres, Brugada, Francisco Castera, Vilaplana, Carmen Peiró, Solís, Pilar, Figuerola, Begoña Jeweinat, Palanca, Paloma Millan, Wahlström, Jan, Høsterey-Ugander, Ulrika, Fredlund, Gunnel, Constantinescu, Radu, Neleborn-Lingefjärd, Liselotte, Berglund, Maria, Berglund, Peter, Linnsand, Petra, Björnsson, Elisabeth, Paucar, Martin, Pålhagen, Sven, Svenningsson, Per, Wallden, Tina, Loutfi, Ghada, Olofsson, Carina, Stattin, Eva-Lena, Westman, Laila, Wikström, Birgitta, Ekwall, Camilla, Göller, Marie-Lousie, Burgunder, Jean-Marc, Stebler, Yanik, Kaelin, Alain, Romero, Irene, Schüpbach, Michael, Zaugg, Sabine Weber, Esposito, Federica, Good, Jean-Marc, Paus, Karin, Vingerhoets, Francois, Wider, Christian, Jung, Hans H., Petersen, Jens A., Ligon-Auer, Maria, Mihaylova, Violeta, Downie, Lorna, Jack, Roisin, Matheson, Kirsty, Miedzybrodzka, Zosia, Rae, Daniela, Simpson, Sheila A, Summers, Fiona, Ure, Alexandra, Vaughan, Vivien, Harrower, Timothy, Vernon, Nathan, Akhtar, Shahbana, Crooks, Jenny, Curtis, Adrienne, De Souza Keylock, Jenny, Rickards, Hugh, Wright, Jan, Coulthard, Elizabeth, Hayward, Beverley, Sieradzan, Kasia, Wright, Abigail, Barker, Roger A., O'Keefe, Deidre, DI Pietro, Anna Gerrtiz, Fisher, Kate, Goodman, Anna, Hill, Susan, Mason, Sarah, Swain, Rachel, Guzman, Natalie Valle, Busse, Monica, Butcher, Cynthia, Dunnett, Stephen, Clenaghan, Catherine, Fullam, Ruth, Hunt, Sarah, Jones, Una, Khalil, Hanan, Minster, Sara, Owen, Michael, Price, Kathleen, Townhill, Jenny, Rosser, Anne, Goudie, David, Buchanan, Lindsay, Mcfadyen, Paula, Tonner, Alison, Taylor, Anne-Marie, Edwards, Maureen, Carrie, Ho, Mcgill, Marie, Porteous, Mary, Pearson, Pauline, Irvine, Sarah, Brockie, Peter, Foster, Jillian, Johns, Nicola, Mckenzie, Sue, Rothery, Jean, Thomas, Gareth, Yates, Shona, Deith, Catherine, Ireland, Jane, Ritchie, Stuart, Burrows, Liz, Fletcher, Amy, Harding, Alison, Laver, Fiona, Silva, Mark, Thomson, Aileen, Chu, Carol, Evans, Carole, Gallentree, Deena, Hamer, Stephanie, Kraus, Alison, Markova, Ivana, Raman, Ashok, Andrew, Alyson, Frost, Julie, Noad, Rupert, Hobson, Emma, Jamieson, Stuart, Longthorpe, Mandy, Musgrave, Hannah, Peacy, Caroline, Rowett, Liz, Toscano, Jean, Wild, Sue, Yardumian, Pam, Clayton, Carole, Dipple, Heather, Freire-Patino, Dawn, Hallam, Caroline, Middleton, Julia, Alusi, Sundus, Davies, Rhys, Foy, Kevin, Gerrans, Emily, Pate, Louise, Anjum, Uruj, Coebergh, Jan, Eddy, Charlotte, Lahiri, Nayana, Mcentagart, Meriel, Patton, Michael, Peterson, Maria, Rose, Sarah, Andrews, Thomasin, Dougherty, Andrew, Golding, Charlotte, Kavalier, Fred, Laing, Hana, Lashwood, Alison, Robertson, Dene, Ruddy, Deborah, Santhouse, Alastair, Whaite, Anna, Bruno, Stefania, Chu, Elvina, Doherty, Karen, Haider, Salman, Hensman, Davina, Lewis, Monica, Novak, Marianne, Patel, Aakta, Robertson, Nicola, Rosser, Elisabeth, Tabrizi, Sarah, Taylor, Rachel, Warner, Thomas, Wild, Edward, Arran, Natalie, Bek, Judith, Callaghan, Jenny, Craufurd, David, Hare, Marianne, Howard, Liz, Huson, Susan, Johnson, Liz, Jones, Mary, Krishnamoorthy, Ashok, Murphy, Helen, Oughton, Emma, Partington-Jones, Lucy, Rogers, Dawn, Sollom, Andrea, Snowden, Julie, Stopford, Cheryl, Thompson, Jennifer, Trender-Gerhard, Iris, Verstraelen, Nicola, Westmoreland, Leann, Cass, Ginette, Davidson, Lynn, Davison, Jill, Komati, Suresh, Mcdonnell, Sharon, Mohammed, Zeid, Morgan, Karen, Savage, Lois, Singh, Baldev, Wood, Josh, Knight, Caroline, O'Neill, Mari, Das Purkayastha, Debasish, Nemeth, Andrea H, Siuda, Gill, Valentine, Ruth, Armstrong, Richard, Harrison, David, Hughes, Max, Large, Sandra, Donovan, John O, Palmer, Amy, Parkinson, Andrew, Soltysiak, Beverley, Timings, Leanne, Williams, Josh, Burn, John, Weekes, Rebecca, Craven, Janet, Bailey, Wendy, Coleman, Caroline, Haig-Brown, Diane, Simpson, Steve, Majeed, Tahir, Bandmann, Oliver, Bradbury, Alyson, Fairtlough, Helen, Fillingham, Kay, Foustanos, Isabella, Gill, Paul, Kazoka, Mbombe, O'Donovan, Kirsty, Nevitt, Louise, Peppa, Nadia, Quarrell, Oliver, Taylor, Cat, Tidswell, Katherine, Agarwal, Veena, Anderson, Mary, Gunner, Kerry, Harris, Kayla, Hayward, Elaine, Heywood, Melanie, Keys, Liane, Mackinnon, Lesley, Kipps, Christopher, Smalley, Sarah, Bethwaite, Pamela, Edwards, Rachel, Fuller, Kathleen, Gowers, Lesley, Phillips, Michelle, Powell, Kingsley, Biunno, Ida, Bronzova, Juliana, Giuliano, Joe, Handley, Olivia J., Illarioshkin, Sergey, Illmann, Torsten, Levey, Jamie, Mclean, Tim, Koivisto, Susana Pro, Päivärinta, Markku, Uhrova, Tereza, Betz, Sabrina, Come, Adrien, Capodarca, Selene, Charpentier, Sébastien, Da Silva, Wildson Vieira, DI Renzo, Martina, Finisterra, Ana Maria, Genoves, Camille, Gilling, Mette, Hvalstedt, Carina, Koppers, Kerstin, Lamanna, Claudia, Laurá, Matilde, Münkel, Kristina, Mütze, Lisanne, Oehmen, Martin, Padieu, Helene, Paterski, Laurent, Rindal, Beate, Røren, Niini, Šašinková, Pavla, Seliverstov, Yury, Timewell, Erika, Witjes-Ané, Marie-Noelle, Yudina, Elizaveta, Zielonka, Eugeniusz, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - SSS/IREC/SLUC - Pôle St.-Luc, UCL - (SLuc) Service de psychiatrie adulte, UCL - (SLuc) Centre de génétique médicale UCL, UCL - (SLuc) Service de neurologie, McNulty, Paul, Pilcher, Richard, Ramesh, Raviram, 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Kaiserova, Michaela, Šenkárová, Zuzana, Klempíř, Jiří, Majerová, Veronika, Roth, Jan, Madsen, Louise Hasselstrøm, Møller, Anette Torvin, Hjermind, Lena, Jacobsen, Oda, Lindquist, Suzanne, Nielsen, Jørgen, Regeur, Lisbeth, Stockholm, Jette, Larsen, Ida Unmack, Vangsted-Hansen, Christina, Vinther-Jensen, Tua, Lolk, Annette, Lundsgaard, Marianne, Wermuth, Lene, Andersson, Christian, Nyberg, Clara, Sundblom, Jimmy, Peippo, Maarit, Sipponen, Marjett, Hartikainen, Paivi, Ollokainen, Mari, Åman, Jaana, Ignatius, Jaakko, Kärppä, Mikko, Mustonen, Aki, Kajula, Outi, Jääskalainen, Outi, Moilanen, Jukka, Santala, Maire, Eklund, Pia, Hiivola, Heli, Hyppönen, Hannele, Martikainen, Kirsti, Tuuha, Katri, Allain, Philippe, Bonneau, Dominique, Bost, Marie, Gohier, Bénédicte, Guérid, Marie-Anne, Olivier, Audrey, Prouzet, Julie, Prundean, Adriana, Scherer-Gagou, Clarisse, Verny, Christophe, Babiloni, Blandine, Debruxelles, Sabrina, Duché, Charlotte, Goizet, Cyril, Jameau, Laetitia, Lafoucrière, Danielle, 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Hugh, Wright, Jan, Coulthard, Elizabeth, Hayward, Beverley, Sieradzan, Kasia, Wright, Abigail, Barker, Roger A., O'Keefe, Deidre, DI Pietro, Anna Gerrtiz, Fisher, Kate, Goodman, Anna, Hill, Susan, Mason, Sarah, Swain, Rachel, Guzman, Natalie Valle, Busse, Monica, Butcher, Cynthia, Dunnett, Stephen, Clenaghan, Catherine, Fullam, Ruth, Hunt, Sarah, Jones, Una, Khalil, Hanan, Minster, Sara, Owen, Michael, Price, Kathleen, Townhill, Jenny, Rosser, Anne, Goudie, David, Buchanan, Lindsay, McFadyen, Paula, Tonner, Alison, Taylor, Anne-Marie, Edwards, Maureen, Ho, Carrie, McGill, Marie, Porteous, Mary, Pearson, Pauline, Irvine, Sarah, Brockie, Peter, Foster, Jillian, Johns, Nicola, McKenzie, Sue, Rothery, Jean, Thomas, Gareth, Yates, Shona, Deith, Catherine, Ireland, Jane, Ritchie, Stuart, Burrows, Liz, Fletcher, Amy, Harding, Alison, Laver, Fiona, Silva, Mark, Thomson, Aileen, Chu, Carol, Evans, Carole, Gallentree, Deena, Hamer, Stephanie, Kraus, Alison, Markova, Ivana, Raman, Ashok, Andrew, 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Krishnamoorthy, Ashok, Murphy, Helen, Oughton, Emma, Partington-Jones, Lucy, Rogers, Dawn, Sollom, Andrea, Snowden, Julie, Stopford, Cheryl, Thompson, Jennifer, Trender-Gerhard, Iri, Verstraelen, Nicola, Westmoreland, Leann, Cass, Ginette, Davidson, Lynn, Davison, Jill, Komati, Suresh, McDonnell, Sharon, Mohammed, Zeid, Morgan, Karen, Savage, Loi, Singh, Baldev, Wood, Josh, Knight, Caroline, O'Neill, Mari, Das Purkayastha, Debasish, Nemeth, Andrea H, Siuda, Gill, Valentine, Ruth, Armstrong, Richard, Harrison, David, Hughes, Max, Large, Sandra, Donovan, John O, Palmer, Amy, Parkinson, Andrew, Soltysiak, Beverley, Timings, Leanne, Williams, Josh, Burn, John, Weekes, Rebecca, Craven, Janet, Bailey, Wendy, Coleman, Caroline, Haig-Brown, DIane, Simpson, Steve, Majeed, Tahir, Bandmann, Oliver, Bradbury, Alyson, Fairtlough, Helen, Fillingham, Kay, Foustanos, Isabella, Gill, Paul, Kazoka, Mbombe, O'Donovan, Kirsty, Nevitt, Louise, Peppa, Nadia, Quarrell, Oliver, Taylor, Cat, Tidswell, Katherine, Agarwal, Veena, Anderson, Mary, Gunner, Kerry, Harris, Kayla, Hayward, Elaine, Heywood, Melanie, Keys, Liane, MacKinnon, Lesley, Kipps, Christopher, Smalley, Sarah, Bethwaite, Pamela, Edwards, Rachel, Fuller, Kathleen, Gowers, Lesley, Phillips, Michelle, Powell, Kingsley, Biunno, Ida, Bronzova, Juliana, Giuliano, Joe, Handley, Olivia J., Illarioshkin, Sergey, Illmann, Torsten, Levey, Jamie, McLean, Tim, Koivisto, Susana Pro, Päivärinta, Markku, Uhrova, Tereza, Betz, Sabrina, Come, Adrien, Capodarca, Selene, Charpentier, Sébastien, Da Silva, Wildson Vieira, DI Renzo, Martina, Finisterra, Ana Maria, Genoves, Camille, Gilling, Mette, Hvalstedt, Carina, Koppers, Kerstin, Lamanna, Claudia, Laurá, Matilde, Münkel, Kristina, Mütze, Lisanne, Oehmen, Martin, Padieu, Helene, Paterski, Laurent, Rindal, Beate, Røren, Niini, Šašinková, Pavla, Seliverstov, Yury, Timewell, Erika, Witjes-Ané, Marie-Noelle, Yudina, Elizaveta, Zielonka, Eugeniusz, Mcnulty, Paul, Hannequin, Didier, Diercks, Gabriele, Dressler, Dirk, Difruscolo, Olimpia, Van Hout, Monique S. E., Van Vugt, Jeroen P. P., Van Den Bogaard, Simon J. A., Hart'T, Ellen P., Roos, Raymund A. C., Dias, Margarida, Diéguez, Esther, Mcfadyen, Paula, Mcgill, Marie, Mckenzie, Sue, Dipple, Heather, Mcentagart, Meriel, Mcdonnell, Sharon, Haig-Brown, Diane, Mackinnon, Lesley, and Mclean, Tim

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Huntington's disease, cancer, neurodegeneration, trinucleotide repeat, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Young Adult, Neoplasms, Trinucleotide repeat, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Prospective Studies, Registries, Age of Onset, Neurodegeneration, Child, Aged, Cancer, Aged, 80 and over, Huntingtin Protein, Incidence, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Middle Aged, Europe, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Huntington Disease, Huntington’s disease, Child, Preschool, Female, Neurology (clinical), Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion
Abstract

Background: People with Huntington's disease (HD) have been observed to have lower rates of cancers. Objective: To investigate the relationship between age of onset of HD, CAG repeat length, and cancer diagnosis. Methods: Data were obtained from the European Huntington's disease network REGISTRY study for 6540 subjects. Population cancer incidence was ascertained from the GLOBOCAN database to obtain standardised incidence ratios of cancers in the REGISTRY subjects. Results: 173/6528 HD REGISTRY subjects had had a cancer diagnosis. The age-standardised incidence rate of all cancers in the REGISTRY HD population was 0.26 (CI 0.22-0.30). Individual cancers showed a lower age-standardised incidence rate compared with the control population with prostate and colorectal cancers showing the lowest rates. There was no effect of CAG length on the likelihood of cancer, but a cancer diagnosis within the last year was associated with a greatly increased rate of HD onset (Hazard Ratio 18.94, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Cancer is less common than expected in the HD population, confirming previous reports. However, this does not appear to be related to CAG length in HTT. A recent diagnosis of cancer increases the risk of HD onset at any age, likely due to increased investigation following a cancer diagnosis.

Published
2018

39. Non-motor symptoms burden, mood, and gait problems are the most significant factors contributing to a poor quality of life in non-demented Parkinson's disease patients: Results from the COPPADIS Study Cohort

Author

A. Serarols, B. Vives, P. Esteve, C. Cabello González, Ll Planellas, J.C. Segundo Rodríguez, C. Méndez del Barrio, M.P. Gómez Garre, María José Martí, S. Novo Ponte, N. Caballol, E. Casas, M. Gallego, J Ruíz Martínez, C. García Campos, P. Santacruz, Pablo Martinez-Martin, Helena Bejr-Kasem, V. Nogueira, C. Villanueva, P. Gámez, E. Cubo, L. Vargas, L. López Manzanares, M. Sánchez-Carpintero, M. Pueyo Morlans, N. Redondo Rafales, F. Roldán, Pau Pastor, A. Ascunde Vidondo, A. Cortina Fernández, Víctor Puente, A. Pérez Fuertes, S. Escalante, Marina Mata, M.T. Meitín, J García Caldentey, S. Arribas, F Carrillo Padilla, A. Cots Foraster, I. Legarda, Mariángeles Botí, C. Ordás, M. Grau Solá, C Prieto Jurczynska, Jaume Kulisevsky, J M García Moreno, M.A. Ávila, J. Pagonabarraga, P. Clavero, N. Bernardo Lambrich, J. Pol Fuster, M. Blázquez Estrada, D. Santos García, Jon Infante, G. Guardia, M. Menéndez González, I. Pareés, F. Lacruz, E. Estelrich Peyret, J González Ardura, Juan Carlos Martínez-Castrillo, Astrid Adarmes, A. Cámara Lorenzo, G. Martí Andres, Monica Diez-Fairen, T de Deus Fonticoba, A.B. Rodríguez Pérez, Pablo Mir, N. Fernández Guillán, A. Novo Amado, Monica M. Kurtis, Fátima Carrillo, M. Sierra Peña, M.A. Labrador, E. Erro, A. Moreno Diéguez, L.M. López Díaz, M.I. Morales Casado, Jorge Hernández-Vara, Isabel González-Aramburu, Juan Pablo Tartari, M. Ruíz De Arcos, A. Sánchez Rodríguez, M.D. Villar, J. González Aloy, O. de Fábregues-Boixar, S. Reverté Villarroya, R. Vázquez Gómez, M. Lage Castro, Lydia Vela, A. Crespo Cuevas, I. Gastón, E Suárez Castro, A. Alonso Cánovas, S. Arnaiz, Carmen Borrué, P Sánchez Alonso, R. Pérez Noguera, C. Labandeira, M.A. Prats, D. McAfee, M Álvarez Sauco, M. Seijo, Silvia Jesús, N López Ariztegui, G.R. González Toledo, Berta Pascual-Sedano, M. Aquilar, A. Golpe Díaz, M.J. González Palmás, J. Miranda Santiago, I Cabo López, B. López Seoane, F. Alonso-Frech, María José Catalán, G. Sánchez Díez, B. Solano Vila, M. Almeria, G. Alonso Losada, B. González García, Y. Macías, A. Horta Barba, L. Rodríguez Méndez, AbbVie Pharmaceuticals, UCB Pharma, Lundbeck Foundation, Krka Farmacéutica, Zambon, Alter, Italfarmaco, BIAL Foundation, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Esteve, Eisai, Allergan Foundation, International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society, Abbott Fund, Merz Pharma, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Sociedad Andaluza de Neurología, Jacques and Gloria Gossweiler Foundation, Fundación Alicia Koplowitz, Fundación Mutua Madrileña, Air Liquide, and King's Parkinson's Disease Pain Scale

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Quality of life, medicine.medical_specialty, Parkinson's disease, Non-motor symptoms, Disease, Severity of Illness Index, 03 medical and health sciences, Gait problems, 0302 clinical medicine, Mood, medicine, Humans, Affective Symptoms, Gait, Gait Disorders, Neurologic, Aged, business.industry, Parkinson Disease, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, humanities, Motor fluctuations, 030104 developmental biology, Neurology, Cohort, Physical therapy, Quality of Life, Observational study, Female, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

[Objective] To identify factors related to a poor health-related and global quality of life (QoL) in a cohort of non-demented Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and compare to a control group., [Methods] The data correspond to the baseline evaluation of the COPPADIS-2015 Study, an observational, 5-year follow-up, multicenter, evaluation study. Three instruments were used to assess QoL: (1) the 39-item Parkinson's disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), (2) a subjective rating of global QoL (PQ-10), and (3) the EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index (EUROHIS-QOL8). Multiple linear regression methods were used to evaluate the direct impact of different variables on these QoL measures., [Results] QoL was worse in PD patients (n = 692; 62.6 ± 8.9 years old, 60.3% males) than controls (n = 206; 61 ± 8.3 years old, 49.5% males): PDQ-39, 17.1 ± 13.5 vs 4.4 ± 6.3 (p, [Conclusions] QoL is worse in PD patients than in controls. Mood, non-motor symptoms burden, and gait problems seem to be the most relevant factors affecting health-related and global perceived QoL in non-demented PD patients.

Published
2019

40. Cognitive decline in Huntington's disease expansion gene carriers

Author

Baake, Verena, Reijntjes, Robert H. A. M., Dumas, Eve M., Thompson, Jennifer C., Roos, Raymund A. C., Bentivoglio, Anna-Rita, Biunno, Ida, Bronzova, Juliana, Dunnett, Stephen B., Frich, Jan, Giuliano, Joe, Illarioshkin, Sergey, Illmann, Torsten, Klempír, Jirí, Landwehrmeyer, G. Bernhard, Levey, Jamie, McLean, Tim, Nielsen, Jørgen E., Päivärinta, Markku, Pålhagen, Sven, Ramos-Arroyo, Maria, Tabrizi, Sarah J., Vandenberghe, Wim, Uhrova, Tereza, Bernard, Tomáš, Betz, Sabrina, Come, Adrien, Capodarca, Selene, Wildson, Sébastien Charpentier, Da Silva, Vieira, Di Renzo, Martina, Finisterra, Ana Maria, Fullam, Ruth, Genoves, Camille, Gilling, Mette, Handley, Olivia J., Hvalstedt, Carina, Koppers, Kerstin, Lamanna, Claudia, Laurà, Matilde, Descals, Asunción Martínez, Münkel, Kristina, Mütze, Lisanne, Oehmen, Martin, Padieu, Helene, Paterski, Laurent, Koivisto, Susana Pro, Rindal, Beate, Røren, Niini, Salgueiro, Ana, Šašinková, Pavla, Timewell, Erika, Van Walsem, Marleen R, Witjes-Ané, Marie-Noelle, Zielonka, Eugeniusz, Bonelli, Raphael M., Hecht, Karen, Herranhof, Brigitte, Holl, Anna, Kapfhammer, Hans-Peter, Koppitz, Michael, Lilek, Sabine, Magnet, Markus, Müller, Nicole, Otti, Daniela, Painold, Annamaria, Reisinger, Karin, Scheibl, Monika, Schöggl, Helmut, Ullah, Jasmin, Braunwarth, Eva-Maria, Brugger, Florian, Buratti, Lisa, Hametner, Eva-Maria, Hepperger, Caroline, Holas, Christiane, Hotter, Anna, Hussl, Anna, Larcher, Barbara, Mahlknecht, Philipp, Müller, Christoph, Pinter, Bernadette, Poewe, Werner, Reiter, Eva-Magdalena, Seppi, Klaus, Sprenger, Fabienne, Wenning, Gregor, Ladurner, Gunther, Lilek, Stefan, Sinadinosa, Daniela, Staffen, Wolfgang, Walleczek, Anna Maria, Dupuis, Michel, Minet, Cécile, Ribaï, Pascale, Van Paemel, Dominique, Verellen-Dumoulin, Christine, Majerová, Veronika, Roth, Jan, Hartikainen, Paivi, Ollokainen, Mari, Santala, Maire, Eklund, Pia, Hiivola, Heli, Hyppönen, Hannele, Martikainen, Kirsti, Tuuha, Katri, Allain, Philippe, Bonneau, Dominique, Bost, Marie, Gohier, Bénédicte, Guérid, Marie-Anne, Olivier, Audrey, Prouzet, Julie, Prundean, Adriana, Scherer-Gagou, Clarisse, Verny, Christophe, Babiloni, Blandine, Debruxelles, Sabrina, Duché, Charlotte, Goizet, Cyril, Jameau, Laetitia, Lafoucrière, Danielle, Spampinato, Umberto, Couttier, Julien, Debilly, Bérengère, Delaigue, Christine, Durif, Franck, Legendre, Perrine, Loiseau, Sylvie, Ulla, Miguel, Vidal, Tiphaine, Bachoud-Lévi, Anne-Catherine, Badei, Farideh, Boissé, Marie-Françoise, Boudali, Lotfi, De Langavant, Laurent Cleret, Lemoine, Laurie, Morgado, Graca, Youssov, Katia, Annic, Agnès, Barthélémy, Recka, Bruycker, Christelle De, Cabaret, Maryline, Carette, Anne-Sophie, Carrière, Nicolas, Decorte, Eric, Defebvre, Luc, Delliaux, Marie, Delval, Arnaud, Depelchin, Alizé, Destee, Alain, Dewulf-Pasz, Nelly, Dondaine, Thibaut, Dugauquier, Florence, Dujardin, Kathy, Hopes, Lucie, Krystkowiak, Pierre, Lemaire, Marie-Helene, Manouvrier, Sylvie, Mutez, Eugénie, Peter, Mireille, Plomhause, Lucie, Sablonnière, Bernard, Simonin, Clémence, Tard, Céline, Thibault-Tanchou, Stéphanie, Vuillaume, Isabelle, Bellonet, Marcellin, Benoit, Alexandra, Berrisoul, Hassan, Blin, Stéphanie, Courtin, Françoise, Duru, Cécile, Fasquel, Véronique, Flament, Mélanie, Godefroy, Olivier, Mantaux, Béatrice, Playe, Alicia, Roussel, Martine, Tir, Mélissa, Schüler, Béatrice, Wannepain, Sandrine, Azulay, Jean-Philippe, Chabot, Christelle, Delfini, Marie, Eusebio, Alexandre, Fluchere, Frédérique, Garreau, Christine, Grosjean, Hélène, Guenam, Aicha, Mundler, Laura, Nowak, Marielle, Raseta, Rolland, Benaich, Sandra, Brice, Alexis, Boster, Sarah, Charles, Perrine, Durr, Alexandra, Ewenczyk, Claire, Francisque, Hélène, Jauffret, Céline, Justo, Damian, Kassar, Abdulrahman, Klebe, Stephan, Lesne, Fabien, Milani, Paolo, Monin, Marie-Lorraine, Roze, Emmanuel, Tataru, Alina, Tchikviladzé, Maya, Bioux, Sandrine, Bliaux, Evangeline, Girard, Carole, Guyant-Maréchal, Lucie, Hannequin, Didier, Hannier, Véronique, Jourdain, Séverine, Maltête, David, Pouliquen, Dorothée, Anheim, Mathieu, Barun, Nadia, Lagha-Boukbiza, Ouhaid, Longato, Nadine, Marcel, Christophe, Phillipps, Clélie, Rudolf, Gabrielle, Steinmetz, Gisèle, Tranchant, Christine, Wagner, Caroline, Zimmermann, Marie-Agathe, Blondeau, Leily, Calvas, Fabienne, Cheriet, Samia, Delabaere, Helène, Demonet, Jean-François, Pariente, Jérémie, Pierre, Michèle, Rolland, Sandrine, Kosinski, Christoph Michael, Milkereit, Eva, Probst, Daniela, Reetz, Kathrin, Sass, Christian, Schiefer, Johannes, Schlangen, Christiane, Werner, Cornelius J., Beuth, Markus, Gelderblom, Harald, Priller, Josef, Prüß, Harald, Spruth, Eike, Thiel, Silvia, Andrich, Jürgen, Ellrichmann, Gisa, Herrmann, Lennard, Hoffmann, Rainer, Kaminski, Barbara, Kraus, Peter, Saft, Carsten, Stamm, Christiane, Lange, Herwig, Maiwald, Robert, Bosredon, Cecile, Hunger, Ulrike, Löhle, Matthias, Maass, Antonia, Ossig, Christiana, Schmidt, Simone, Storch, Alexander, Wolz, Annett, Wolz, Martin, Kohl, Zacharias, Kozay, Christina, Winkler, Jürgen, Bergmann, Ulrike, Böringer, Regina, Capetian, Philipp, Kammel, Gerit, Lambeck, Johann, Mächtel, Miriam, Meier, Simone, Rijntjes, Michel, Zucker, Birgit, Boelmans, Kai, Ganos, Christos, Goerendt, Ines, Heinicke, Walburgis, Hidding, Ute, Lewerenz, Jan, Münchau, Alexander, Orth, Michael, Schmalfeld, Jenny, Stubbe, Lars, Zittel, Simone, Diercks, Gabriele, Dressler, Dirk, Francis, Flverly, Gayde-Stephan, Sabine, Gorzolla, Heike, Kramer, Bianca, Minschke, Rebecca, Schrader, Christoph, Tacik, Pawel, Ribbat, Michael, Longinus, Bernhard, Möller, Carsten, Bürk, Katrin, Lüsebrink, Antje, Mühlau, Mark, Peinemann, Alexander, Städtler, Michael, Weindl, Adolf, Winkelmann, Juliane, Ziegler, Cornelia, Bechtel, Natalie, Beckmann, Heike, Bohlen, Stefan, Göpfert, Nicole, Hölzner, Eva, Reilmann, Ralf, Rohm, Stefanie, Rumpf, Silke, Schepers, Sigrun, Weber, Nathalia, Bachmeier, Michael, Dose, Matthias, Hofstetter, Nina, Marquard, Ralf, Mühlbäck, Alzbeta, Barth, Katrin, Buck, Andrea, Connemann, Julia, Ecker, Daniel, Geitner, Carolin, Held, Christine, Kesse, Andrea, Landwehrmeyer, Bernhard, Lezius, Franziska, Nepper, Solveig, Niess, Anke, Schneider, Ariane, Schwenk, Daniela, Süssmuth, Sigurd, Trautmann, Sonja, Vogel, Melanie, Weydt, Patrick, Cormio, Claudia, Difruscolo, Olimpia, Franco, Giovanni, Sciruicchio, Vittorio, Serpino, Claudia, De Tommaso, Marina, Calandra-Buonaura, Giovanna, Capellari, Sabina, Cortelli, Pietro, Gallassi, Roberto, Poda, Roberto, Scaglione, Cesa, Bertini, Elisabetta, Bartoli, Caterina, Fortunato, Fernanda, Ghelli, Elena, Ginestroni, Andrea, Mechi, Claudia, Paganini, Marco, Piacentini, Silvia, Pradella, Silvia, Romoli, Anna Maria, Sorbi, Sandro, Abbruzzese, Giovanni, Di Poggio, Monica Bandettini, Ferrandes, Giovanna, Mandich, Paola, Marchese, Roberta, Di Maria, Emilio, Albanese, Alberto, Castagliuolo, Simona, Castaldo, Anna, Di Donato, Stefano, Di Bella, Daniela, Gellera, Cinzia, Genitrini, Silvia, Mariotti, Caterina, Monza, Daniela, Nanetti, Lorenzo, Panzeri, Marta, Paridi, Dominga, Soliveri, Paola, Spagnolo, Francesca, Taroni, Franco, Tomasello, Chiara, De Michele, Giuseppe, Di Maio, Luigi, Rinaldi, Carlo, Massarelli, Marco, Peluso, Silvio, Roca, Alessandro, Russo, Cinzia Valeria, Salvatore, Elena, Sorrentino, Pierpaolo, Tucci, Tecla, Cannella, Milena, Codella, Valentina, De Gregorio, Francesca, De Nicola, Annunziata, Elifani, Francesca, Esposito, Chiara, Martino, Tiziana, Mazzante, Irene, Petrollini, Martina, Simonelli, Maria, Vezza, Maurizio, Squitieri, Ferdinando, D'Alessio, Barbara, Lovo, Francesca, Bentivoglio, Anna Rita, Bove, Francesco, Catalli, Claudio, Di Giacopo, Raffaella, Fasano, Alfonso, Guidubaldi, Arianna, Ialongo, Tamara, Loria, Giovanna, Modoni, Anna, Petracca, Martina, Piano, Carla, Chiara, Piccininni, Quaranta, Davide, Soleti, Francesco, Solito, Marcella, Spadaro, Maria, Torlizzi, Flavia, Coarelli, Giulia, Ferraldeschi, Michela, Frontali, Marina, Jacopini, Gioia, Ristori, Giovanni, Romano, Silvia, Zinzi, Paola, Van Hout, Monique S. E., Van Vugt, Jeroen P. P., De Weert, A. Marit, Verhoeven, Marloes, Dekker, Meike, Leenders, Nico, Van Oostrom, Joost, Klooster, Jesper, Kremer, Berry, Van Den Bogaard, Simon J. A., Bos, Reineke, T Hart, Ellen P., Kampstra, Anne, Schoonderbeek, Anne, Duits, Annelien, Oosterloo, Mayke, Waber, Mirella, Blinkenberg, Ellen Økland, Hauge, Erik, Tyvoll, Hilde, Aaserud, Olaf, Aanonsen, Nils Olaf, Bjørgo, Kathrine, Borgeød, Nancy, Dramstad, Elisabeth, Fannemel, Madeleine, Frich, Jan C., Gørvell, Per F., Haggag, Kathrine, Johannessen, Cecilie Haggag, Heiberg, Arvid, Retterstøl, Lars, Røsby, Oddveig, Rummel, Jutta, Sikiric, Alma, Stokke, Bodil, Van Walsem, Marleen, Wehus, Ragnhild, Bjørnevoll, Inga, Sando, Sigrid Botne, Haug, Marte Gjøl, Størseth, Hanna Haugan, Arntsen, Vibeke, Dziadkiewicz, Artur, Konkel, Agnieszka, Narozańska, Ewa, Nowak, Malgorzata, Robowski, Piotr, Sitek, Emilia, Slawek, Jaroslaw, Soltan, Witold, Szinwelski, Michal, Arkuszewski, Michał, Błaszczyk, Magdalena, Boczarska-Jedynak, Magdalena, Ciach-Wysocka, Ewelina, Gorzkowska, Agnieszka, Jasińska-Myga, Barbara, Kaczmarczyk, Aleksandra, Duda, Gabriela Kłodowska E., Opala, Grzegorz, Rudzińska, Monika, Stompel, Daniel, Banaszkiewicz, Krzysztof, Boćwińska, Dorota, Bojakowska-Jaremek, Kamila, Dec, Małgorzata, Grabska, Natalia, Krawczyk, Malgorzata, Kubowicz, Ewelina, Malec-Litwinowicz, Michalina, Stenwak, Agata, Szczudlik, Andrzej, Szczygieł, Elzbieta, Wójcik, Magdalena, Wasielewska, Anna, Bryl, Jacek Anioła Anna, Ciesielska, Anna, Klimberg, Aneta, Marcinkowski, Jerzy, Samara, Husam, Sempołowicz, Justyna, Wiśniewski, Bartłomiej, Zielonka, Daniel, Gogol, Anna, Janik, Piotr, Jamrozik, Zygmunt, Kaminska, Anna, Kwiecinski, Hubert, Szejko, Natalia, Antczak, Jakub, Jachinska, Katarzyna, Krysa, Wioletta, Rakowicz, Maryla, Richter, Przemyslaw, Rola, Rafal, Ryglewicz, Danuta, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, Halina, Stȩpniak, Iwona, Sułek, Anna, Witkowski, Grzegorz, Zaremba, Jacek, Zdzienicka, Elzbieta, Ziora-Jakutowicz, Karolina, Januário, Cristina, Júlio, Filipa, Guedes, Leonor Correia, Coelho, Miguel, Ferreira, Joaquim J., Mestre, Tiago, Mendes, Tiago, Valadas, Anabela, Cação, Gonçalo, Cavaco, Sara, Damásio, Joana, Fernandes, Joana, Loureiro, Rui, Moreira, Inês, Magalhães, Marina, Andrade, Carlos, Costa, Andreia, Garrett, Carolina, Gago, Miguel, Guimarães, Joana, Massano, João, Meireles, Joana, Monteiro, Ana, Herrera, Carmen Duran, Moreno, Patrocinio Garcia, Bas, Jordi, Busquets, Núria, Calopa, Matilde, Classen, Serge Jaumà, Dedichá, Nadia Rodríguez, Buongiorno, María Teresa, De La Cerda Santa María, Andrés, Muñoz, Esteban, Santacruz, Pilar, Barbera, Miquel Aguilar, Sebastián, Ana Rojo, Pardo, Sonia Arribas, Guia, Dolors Badenes, Calzado, Noemi, Hernanz, Laura Casas, Díaz-Zorita, Juan Pablo Tartari, Catena, Judit López, Ferrer, Pilar Quiléz, Carruesco, Gemma Tome, Robert, Misericordia Floriach, Viladrich, Cèlia Mareca, Roca, Elvira, Idiago, Jesús Miguel Ruiz, Riballo, Antonio Villa, Campolongo, Antonia, De Bobadilla, Ramon Fernandez, Bojarsky, Jaime Kulisevsky, Martinez-Horta, Saul, Pagonabarraga, Javier, Perez, Jesus Perez, Ribosa, Roser, Villa, Carolina, Cubo, Esther, Polo, Cecilia Gil, Mariscal, Natividad, Romero, Sandra Gutierrez, Arbelo, José Matías, De Molina, Rocío Malo, Martín, Idaira, Periañez, Juan Manuel, Udaeta, Beatriz, Alonso-Frech, Fernando, Del ValleLoarte, María, Barrero, Francisco, Morales, Blas, Frades, Belén, Villanueva, Marina Ávila, Sevilla, Maria Ascension Zea, Frech, Fernando Alonso, Del Mar Fenollar, María, García, Rocío García-Ramos, Villanueva, Clara, Bascuñana, Mónica, Ventura, Marta Fatás, Caldentey, Juan García, Ribas, Guillermo García, DeYebenes, Justo García, Moreno, José Luis Lópeze-Sendón, Barral, Verónica Mañanes, Cubillo, Patricia Trigo, Feliz, Cici Feliz, Ruíz, Pedro José García, García, Ana, López, Rosa Guerrero, Bárcenas, Antonio Herranz, Martínez-Descals, Asunción, Martin, Veronica Puertas, Martínez, Noelia Rodríguez, Artiga, María José Sainz, Sánchez, Vicenta, Pueyo, Angel Martínez, Del Val Fernandez, Javier, Alarcón, Moreau María Dolores, Almagro, Carmen Antúnez, Dieguez, Esther, Fortuna, Lorenza, Manzanares, Salvadora, Muñoz, Juan Marín, Torres, María Martirio Antequera, Perea, Fuensanta Noguera, Vivancos, Laura, González, Sonia, Guisasola, Luis Menéndez, Prieto, Marta Para, Ribacoba, René, Salvador, Carlos, Lozano, Pablo Sánchez, Gorospe, Aránzazu, Ramirez, Inés Legarda, Arques, Penelope Navas, Lopera, Monica Rodriguez, Pastor, Barbara Vives, Gaston, Itziar, Garcia-Amigot, Fermin, Martinez-Jaurrieta, Maria Dolores, Ramos-Arroyo, Maria Antonia, Hermoso, Fátima Damas, Moreno, José Manuel García, Lucena, Carolina Mendez, Cortegana, Eva María Pacheco, Peña, José Chacón, Redondo, Luis, Sánchez, Violeta Sánchez, Bosca, Maria, Burguera, Juan Andres, Vilaplana, Francisco Castera Brugada Carmen Peiró, Solís, Pilar, Figuerola, Begoña Jeweinat, Palanca, Paloma Millan, Berglund, Maria, Berglund, Peter, Constantinescu, Radu, Fredlund, Gunnel, Høsterey-Ugander, Ulrika, Lewin, Kajsa, Linnsand, Petra, Neleborn-Lingefjärd, Liselotte, Wahlström, Jan, Petersén, Åsa, Reimer, Jan, Widner, Håkan, Berglund, Måns, Loutfi, Ghada, Olofsson, Carina, Stattin, Eva-Lena, Westman, Laila, Wikström, Birgitta, Ekwall, Camilla, Göller, Marie-Lousie, Niemelä, Valter, Sundblom, Jimmy, Burgunder, Jean-Marc, Stebler, Yanik, Kaelin, Alain, Romero, Irene, Schüpbach, Michael, Zaugg, Sabine Weber, Jung, Hans H., Petersen, Jens A., Ligon-Auer, Maria, Mihaylova, Violeta, Downie, Lorna, Jack, Roisin, Matheson, Kirsty, Miedzybrodzka, Zosia, Rae, Daniela, Simpson, Sheila A., Summers, Fiona, Ure, Alexandra, Vaughan, Vivien, Akhtar, Shahbana, Crooks, Jenny, Curtis, Adrienne, De Souza, Jenny, Piedad, John, Rickards, Hugh, Wright, Jan, Coulthard, Elizabeth, Gethin, Louise, Hayward, Beverley, Sieradzan, Kasia, Wright, Abigail, Barker, Roger A., O'Keefe, Deidre, Gerrtiz, Anna, Fisher, Kate, Goodman, Anna, Hill, Susan, Mason, Sarah, Swain, Rachel, Guzman, Natalie Valle, Busse, Monica, Butcher, Cynthia, Dunnett, Stephen, Clenaghan, Catherine, Hunt, Sarah, Jones, Lesley, Jones, Una, Khalil, Hanan, Minster, Sara, Owen, Michael, Price, Kathleen, Townhill, Jenny, Rosser, Anne, Goudie, David, Buchanan, Lindsay, McFadyen, Paula, Tonner, Alison, Taylor, Anne-Marie, Edwards, Maureen, Ho, Carrie, McGill, Marie, Porteous, Mary, Pearson, Pauline, Harrower, Timothy, Irvine, Sarah, Brockie, Peter, Foster, Jillian, Johns, Nicola, McKenzie, Sue, Rothery, Jean, Thomas, Gareth, Yates, Shona, Deith, Catherine, Ireland, Jane, Ritchie, Stuart, Brown, Pauline, Burrows, Liz, Fletcher, Amy, Harding, Alison, Laver, Fiona, Silva, Mark, Thomson, Aileen, Chu, Carol, Evans, Carole, Gallentree, Deena, Hamer, Stephanie, Kraus, Alison, Markova, Ivana, Raman, Ashok, Cosgrove, Jeremy, Gallantree, Deena, Hobson, Emma, Jamieson, Stuart, Longthorpe, Mandy, Musgrave, Hannah, Peacy, Caroline, Rowett, Liz, Toscano, Jean, Wild, Sue, Yardumian, Pam, Clayton, Carole, Dipple, Heather, Freire-Patino, Dawn, Hallam, Caroline, Middleton, Julia, Anjum, Uruj, Coebergh, Jan, Eddy, Charlotte, Lahiri, Nayana, McEntagart, Meriel, Patton, Michael, Peterson, Maria, Rose, Sarah, Andrews, Thomasin, Dougherty, Andrew, Golding, Charlotte, Kavalier, Fred, Laing, Hana, Lashwood, Alison, Robertson, Dene, Ruddy, Deborah, Santhouse, Alastair, Whaite, Anna, Brown, Stefanie, Bruno, Stefania, Chu, Elvina, Doherty, Karen, Haider, Salman, Hensman, Davina, Lewis, Monica, Novak, Marianne, Patel, Aakta, Robertson, Nicola, Rosser, Elisabeth, Tabrizi, Sarah, Taylor, Rachel, Warner, Thomas, Wild, Edward, Arran, Natalie, Bek, Judith, Callaghan, Jenny, Craufurd, David, Hare, Marianne, Howard, Liz, Huson, Susan, Johnson, Liz, Jones, Mary, Krishnamoorthy, Ashok, Murphy, Helen, Oughton, Emma, Partington-Jones, Lucy, Rogers, Dawn, Sollom, Andrea, Snowden, Julie, Stopford, Cheryl, Thompson, Jennifer, Trender-Gerhard, Iris, Verstraelen, Nichola, Westmoreland, Leann, Cass, Ginette, Davidson, Lynn, Davison, Jill, Fullerton, Neil, Holmes, Katrina, Komati, Suresh, McDonnell, Sharon, Mohammed, Zeid, Morgan, Karen, Savage, Lois, Singh, Baldev, Wood, Josh, Knight, Caroline, O'Neill, Mari, Das Purkayastha, Debasish, Nemeth, Andrea H., Siuda, Gill, Valentine, Ruth, Dixon, Kathryn, Armstrong, Richard, Harrison, David, Hughes, Max, Large, Sandra, Donovan, John O., Palmer, Amy, Parkinson, Andrew, Soltysiak, Beverley, Timings, Leanne, Williams, Josh, Majeed, Tahir, Verstraelen, Nicola, Bandmann, Oliver, Bradbury, Alyson, Fairtlough, Helen, Fillingham, Kay, Foustanos, Isabella, Gill, Paul, Kazoka, Mbombe, O'Donovan, Kirsty, Nevitt, Louise, Peppa, Nadia, Quarrell, Oliver, Taylor, Cat, Tidswell, Katherine, Gowers, Lesley, Powell, Kingsley, Bethwaite, Pamela, Edwards, Rachel, Fuller, Kathleen, Phillips, Michelle, Tan, Louis, Lau, Puay Ngoh, Pica, Emmanuel, Baake, Verena, Reijntjes, Robert H. A. M., Dumas, Eve M., Thompson, Jennifer C., Roos, Raymund A. C., Bentivoglio, Anna-Rita, Biunno, Ida, Bronzova, Juliana, Dunnett, Stephen B., Frich, Jan, Giuliano, Joe, Illarioshkin, Sergey, Illmann, Torsten, Klempír, Jirí, Landwehrmeyer, G. Bernhard, Levey, Jamie, Mclean, Tim, Nielsen, Jørgen E., Päivärinta, Markku, Pålhagen, Sven, Ramos-Arroyo, Maria, Tabrizi, Sarah J., Vandenberghe, Wim, Uhrova, Tereza, Bernard, Tomáš, Betz, Sabrina, Come, Adrien, Capodarca, Selene, Wildson, Sébastien Charpentier, Da Silva, Vieira, Di Renzo, Martina, Finisterra, Ana Maria, Fullam, Ruth, Genoves, Camille, Gilling, Mette, Handley, Olivia J., Hvalstedt, Carina, Koppers, Kerstin, Lamanna, Claudia, Laurà, Matilde, Descals, Asunción Martínez, Münkel, Kristina, Mütze, Lisanne, Oehmen, Martin, Padieu, Helene, Paterski, Laurent, Koivisto, Susana Pro, Rindal, Beate, Røren, Niini, Salgueiro, Ana, Šašinková, Pavla, Timewell, Erika, Van Walsem, Marleen R, Witjes-Ané, Marie-Noelle, Zielonka, Eugeniusz, Bonelli, Raphael M., Hecht, Karen, Herranhof, Brigitte, Holl, Anna, Kapfhammer, Hans-Peter, Koppitz, Michael, Lilek, Sabine, Magnet, Marku, Müller, Nicole, Otti, Daniela, Painold, Annamaria, Reisinger, Karin, Scheibl, Monika, Schöggl, Helmut, Ullah, Jasmin, Braunwarth, Eva-Maria, Brugger, Florian, Buratti, Lisa, Hametner, Eva-Maria, Hepperger, Caroline, Holas, Christiane, Hotter, Anna, Hussl, Anna, Larcher, Barbara, Mahlknecht, Philipp, Müller, Christoph, Pinter, Bernadette, Poewe, Werner, Reiter, Eva-Magdalena, Seppi, Klau, Sprenger, Fabienne, Wenning, Gregor, Ladurner, Gunther, Lilek, Stefan, Sinadinosa, Daniela, Staffen, Wolfgang, Walleczek, Anna Maria, Dupuis, Michel, Minet, Cécile, Ribaï, Pascale, Van Paemel, Dominique, Verellen-Dumoulin, Christine, Majerová, Veronika, Roth, Jan, Hartikainen, Paivi, Ollokainen, Mari, Santala, Maire, Eklund, Pia, Hiivola, Heli, Hyppönen, Hannele, Martikainen, Kirsti, Tuuha, Katri, Allain, Philippe, Bonneau, Dominique, Bost, Marie, Gohier, Bénédicte, Guérid, Marie-Anne, Olivier, Audrey, Prouzet, Julie, Prundean, Adriana, Scherer-Gagou, Clarisse, Verny, Christophe, Babiloni, Blandine, Debruxelles, Sabrina, Duché, Charlotte, Goizet, Cyril, Jameau, Laetitia, Lafoucrière, Danielle, Spampinato, Umberto, Couttier, Julien, Debilly, Bérengère, Delaigue, Christine, Durif, Franck, Legendre, Perrine, Loiseau, Sylvie, Ulla, Miguel, Vidal, Tiphaine, Bachoud-Lévi, Anne-Catherine, Badei, Farideh, Boissé, Marie-Françoise, Boudali, Lotfi, De Langavant, Laurent Cleret, Lemoine, Laurie, Morgado, Graca, Youssov, Katia, Annic, Agnè, Barthélémy, Recka, Bruycker, Christelle De, Cabaret, Maryline, Carette, Anne-Sophie, Carrière, Nicola, Decorte, Eric, Defebvre, Luc, Delliaux, Marie, Delval, Arnaud, Depelchin, Alizé, Destee, Alain, Dewulf-Pasz, Nelly, Dondaine, Thibaut, Dugauquier, Florence, Dujardin, Kathy, Hopes, Lucie, Krystkowiak, Pierre, Lemaire, Marie-Helene, Manouvrier, Sylvie, Mutez, Eugénie, Peter, Mireille, Plomhause, Lucie, Sablonnière, Bernard, Simonin, Clémence, Tard, Céline, Thibault-Tanchou, Stéphanie, Vuillaume, Isabelle, Bellonet, Marcellin, Benoit, Alexandra, Berrisoul, Hassan, Blin, Stéphanie, Courtin, Françoise, Duru, Cécile, Fasquel, Véronique, Flament, Mélanie, Godefroy, Olivier, Mantaux, Béatrice, Playe, Alicia, Roussel, Martine, Tir, Mélissa, Schüler, Béatrice, Wannepain, Sandrine, Azulay, Jean-Philippe, Chabot, Christelle, Delfini, Marie, Eusebio, Alexandre, Fluchere, Frédérique, Garreau, Christine, Grosjean, Hélène, Guenam, Aicha, Mundler, Laura, Nowak, Marielle, Raseta, Rolland, Benaich, Sandra, Brice, Alexi, Boster, Sarah, Charles, Perrine, Durr, Alexandra, Ewenczyk, Claire, Francisque, Hélène, Jauffret, Céline, Justo, Damian, Kassar, Abdulrahman, Klebe, Stephan, Lesne, Fabien, Milani, Paolo, Monin, Marie-Lorraine, Roze, Emmanuel, Tataru, Alina, Tchikviladzé, Maya, Bioux, Sandrine, Bliaux, Evangeline, Girard, Carole, Guyant-Maréchal, Lucie, Hannequin, Didier, Hannier, Véronique, Jourdain, Séverine, Maltête, David, Pouliquen, Dorothée, Anheim, Mathieu, Barun, Nadia, Lagha-Boukbiza, Ouhaid, Longato, Nadine, Marcel, Christophe, Phillipps, Clélie, Rudolf, Gabrielle, Steinmetz, Gisèle, Tranchant, Christine, Wagner, Caroline, Zimmermann, Marie-Agathe, Blondeau, Leily, Calvas, Fabienne, Cheriet, Samia, Delabaere, Helène, Demonet, Jean-Françoi, Pariente, Jérémie, Pierre, Michèle, Rolland, Sandrine, Kosinski, Christoph Michael, Milkereit, Eva, Probst, Daniela, Reetz, Kathrin, Sass, Christian, Schiefer, Johanne, Schlangen, Christiane, Werner, Cornelius J., Beuth, Marku, Gelderblom, Harald, Priller, Josef, Prüß, Harald, Spruth, Eike, Thiel, Silvia, Andrich, Jürgen, Ellrichmann, Gisa, Herrmann, Lennard, Hoffmann, Rainer, Kaminski, Barbara, Kraus, Peter, Saft, Carsten, Stamm, Christiane, Lange, Herwig, Maiwald, Robert, Bosredon, Cecile, Hunger, Ulrike, Löhle, Matthia, Maass, Antonia, Ossig, Christiana, Schmidt, Simone, Storch, Alexander, Wolz, Annett, Wolz, Martin, Kohl, Zacharia, Kozay, Christina, Winkler, Jürgen, Bergmann, Ulrike, Böringer, Regina, Capetian, Philipp, Kammel, Gerit, Lambeck, Johann, Mächtel, Miriam, Meier, Simone, Rijntjes, Michel, Zucker, Birgit, Boelmans, Kai, Ganos, Christo, Goerendt, Ine, Heinicke, Walburgi, Hidding, Ute, Lewerenz, Jan, Münchau, Alexander, Orth, Michael, Schmalfeld, Jenny, Stubbe, Lar, Zittel, Simone, Diercks, Gabriele, Dressler, Dirk, Francis, Flverly, Gayde-Stephan, Sabine, Gorzolla, Heike, Kramer, Bianca, Minschke, Rebecca, Schrader, Christoph, Tacik, Pawel, Ribbat, Michael, Longinus, Bernhard, Möller, Carsten, Bürk, Katrin, Lüsebrink, Antje, Mühlau, Mark, Peinemann, Alexander, Städtler, Michael, Weindl, Adolf, Winkelmann, Juliane, Ziegler, Cornelia, Bechtel, Natalie, Beckmann, Heike, Bohlen, Stefan, Göpfert, Nicole, Hölzner, Eva, Reilmann, Ralf, Rohm, Stefanie, Rumpf, Silke, Schepers, Sigrun, Weber, Nathalia, Bachmeier, Michael, Dose, Matthia, Hofstetter, Nina, Marquard, Ralf, Mühlbäck, Alzbeta, Barth, Katrin, Buck, Andrea, Connemann, Julia, Ecker, Daniel, Geitner, Carolin, Held, Christine, Kesse, Andrea, Landwehrmeyer, Bernhard, Lezius, Franziska, Nepper, Solveig, Niess, Anke, Schneider, Ariane, Schwenk, Daniela, Süssmuth, Sigurd, Trautmann, Sonja, Vogel, Melanie, Weydt, Patrick, Cormio, Claudia, Difruscolo, Olimpia, Franco, Giovanni, Sciruicchio, Vittorio, Serpino, Claudia, De Tommaso, Marina, Calandra-Buonaura, Giovanna, Capellari, Sabina, Cortelli, Pietro, Gallassi, Roberto, Poda, Roberto, Scaglione, Cesa, Bertini, Elisabetta, Bartoli, Caterina, Fortunato, Fernanda, Ghelli, Elena, Ginestroni, Andrea, Mechi, Claudia, Paganini, Marco, Piacentini, Silvia, Pradella, Silvia, Romoli, Anna Maria, Sorbi, Sandro, Abbruzzese, Giovanni, Di Poggio, Monica Bandettini, Ferrandes, Giovanna, Mandich, Paola, Marchese, Roberta, Di Maria, Emilio, Albanese, Alberto, Castagliuolo, Simona, Castaldo, Anna, Di Donato, Stefano, Di Bella, Daniela, Gellera, Cinzia, Genitrini, Silvia, Mariotti, Caterina, Monza, Daniela, Nanetti, Lorenzo, Panzeri, Marta, Paridi, Dominga, Soliveri, Paola, Spagnolo, Francesca, Taroni, Franco, Tomasello, Chiara, De Michele, Giuseppe, Di Maio, Luigi, Rinaldi, Carlo, Massarelli, Marco, Peluso, Silvio, Roca, Alessandro, Russo, Cinzia Valeria, Salvatore, Elena, Sorrentino, Pierpaolo, Tucci, Tecla, Cannella, Milena, Codella, Valentina, De Gregorio, Francesca, De Nicola, Annunziata, Elifani, Francesca, Esposito, Chiara, Martino, Tiziana, Mazzante, Irene, Petrollini, Martina, Simonelli, Maria, Vezza, Maurizio, Squitieri, Ferdinando, D'Alessio, Barbara, Lovo, Francesca, Bentivoglio, Anna Rita, Bove, Francesco, Catalli, Claudio, Di Giacopo, Raffaella, Fasano, Alfonso, Guidubaldi, Arianna, Ialongo, Tamara, Loria, Giovanna, Modoni, Anna, Petracca, Martina, Piano, Carla, Chiara, Piccininni, Quaranta, Davide, Soleti, Francesco, Solito, Marcella, Spadaro, Maria, Torlizzi, Flavia, Coarelli, Giulia, Ferraldeschi, Michela, Frontali, Marina, Jacopini, Gioia, Ristori, Giovanni, Romano, Silvia, Zinzi, Paola, Van Hout, Monique S. E., Van Vugt, Jeroen P. P., De Weert, A. Marit, Verhoeven, Marloe, Dekker, Meike, Leenders, Nico, Van Oostrom, Joost, Klooster, Jesper, Kremer, Berry, Van Den Bogaard, Simon J. A., Bos, Reineke, T Hart, Ellen P., Kampstra, Anne, Schoonderbeek, Anne, Duits, Annelien, Oosterloo, Mayke, Waber, Mirella, Blinkenberg, Ellen Økland, Hauge, Erik, Tyvoll, Hilde, Aaserud, Olaf, Aanonsen, Nils Olaf, Bjørgo, Kathrine, Borgeød, Nancy, Dramstad, Elisabeth, Fannemel, Madeleine, Frich, Jan C., Gørvell, Per F., Haggag, Kathrine, Johannessen, Cecilie Haggag, Heiberg, Arvid, Retterstøl, Lar, Røsby, Oddveig, Rummel, Jutta, Sikiric, Alma, Stokke, Bodil, Van Walsem, Marleen, Wehus, Ragnhild, Bjørnevoll, Inga, Sando, Sigrid Botne, Haug, Marte Gjøl, Størseth, Hanna Haugan, Arntsen, Vibeke, Dziadkiewicz, Artur, Konkel, Agnieszka, Narozańska, Ewa, Nowak, Malgorzata, Robowski, Piotr, Sitek, Emilia, Slawek, Jaroslaw, Soltan, Witold, Szinwelski, Michal, Arkuszewski, Michał, Błaszczyk, Magdalena, Boczarska-Jedynak, Magdalena, Ciach-Wysocka, Ewelina, Gorzkowska, Agnieszka, Jasińska-Myga, Barbara, Kaczmarczyk, Aleksandra, Duda, Gabriela Kłodowska E., Opala, Grzegorz, Rudzińska, Monika, Stompel, Daniel, Banaszkiewicz, Krzysztof, Boćwińska, Dorota, Bojakowska-Jaremek, Kamila, Dec, Małgorzata, Grabska, Natalia, Krawczyk, Malgorzata, Kubowicz, Ewelina, Malec-Litwinowicz, Michalina, Stenwak, Agata, Szczudlik, Andrzej, Szczygieł, Elzbieta, Wójcik, Magdalena, Wasielewska, Anna, Bryl, Jacek Anioła Anna, Ciesielska, Anna, Klimberg, Aneta, Marcinkowski, Jerzy, Samara, Husam, Sempołowicz, Justyna, Wiśniewski, Bartłomiej, Zielonka, Daniel, Gogol, Anna, Janik, Piotr, Jamrozik, Zygmunt, Kaminska, Anna, Kwiecinski, Hubert, Szejko, Natalia, Antczak, Jakub, Jachinska, Katarzyna, Krysa, Wioletta, Rakowicz, Maryla, Richter, Przemyslaw, Rola, Rafal, Ryglewicz, Danuta, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, Halina, Stȩpniak, Iwona, Sułek, Anna, Witkowski, Grzegorz, Zaremba, Jacek, Zdzienicka, Elzbieta, Ziora-Jakutowicz, Karolina, Januário, Cristina, Júlio, Filipa, Guedes, Leonor Correia, Coelho, Miguel, Ferreira, Joaquim J., Mestre, Tiago, Mendes, Tiago, Valadas, Anabela, Cação, Gonçalo, Cavaco, Sara, Damásio, Joana, Fernandes, Joana, Loureiro, Rui, Moreira, Inê, Magalhães, Marina, Andrade, Carlo, Costa, Andreia, Garrett, Carolina, Gago, Miguel, Guimarães, Joana, Massano, João, Meireles, Joana, Monteiro, Ana, Herrera, Carmen Duran, Moreno, Patrocinio Garcia, Bas, Jordi, Busquets, Núria, Calopa, Matilde, Classen, Serge Jaumà, Dedichá, Nadia Rodríguez, Buongiorno, María Teresa, De La Cerda Santa María, André, Muñoz, Esteban, Santacruz, Pilar, Barbera, Miquel Aguilar, Sebastián, Ana Rojo, Pardo, Sonia Arriba, Guia, Dolors Badene, Calzado, Noemi, Hernanz, Laura Casa, Díaz-Zorita, Juan Pablo Tartari, Catena, Judit López, Ferrer, Pilar Quiléz, Carruesco, Gemma Tome, Robert, Misericordia Floriach, Viladrich, Cèlia Mareca, Roca, Elvira, Idiago, Jesús Miguel Ruiz, Riballo, Antonio Villa, Campolongo, Antonia, De Bobadilla, Ramon Fernandez, Bojarsky, Jaime Kulisevsky, Martinez-Horta, Saul, Pagonabarraga, Javier, Perez, Jesus Perez, Ribosa, Roser, Villa, Carolina, Cubo, Esther, Polo, Cecilia Gil, Mariscal, Natividad, Romero, Sandra Gutierrez, Arbelo, José Matía, De Molina, Rocío Malo, Martín, Idaira, Periañez, Juan Manuel, Udaeta, Beatriz, Alonso-Frech, Fernando, Del ValleLoarte, María, Barrero, Francisco, Morales, Bla, Frades, Belén, Villanueva, Marina Ávila, Sevilla, Maria Ascension Zea, Frech, Fernando Alonso, Del Mar Fenollar, María, García, Rocío García-Ramo, Villanueva, Clara, Bascuñana, Mónica, Ventura, Marta Fatá, Caldentey, Juan García, Ribas, Guillermo García, Deyebenes, Justo García, Moreno, José Luis Lópeze-Sendón, Barral, Verónica Mañane, Cubillo, Patricia Trigo, Feliz, Cici Feliz, Ruíz, Pedro José García, García, Ana, López, Rosa Guerrero, Bárcenas, Antonio Herranz, Martínez-Descals, Asunción, Martin, Veronica Puerta, Martínez, Noelia Rodríguez, Artiga, María José Sainz, Sánchez, Vicenta, Pueyo, Angel Martínez, Del Val Fernandez, Javier, Alarcón, Moreau María Dolore, Almagro, Carmen Antúnez, Dieguez, Esther, Fortuna, Lorenza, Manzanares, Salvadora, Muñoz, Juan Marín, Torres, María Martirio Antequera, Perea, Fuensanta Noguera, Vivancos, Laura, González, Sonia, Guisasola, Luis Menéndez, Prieto, Marta Para, Ribacoba, René, Salvador, Carlo, Lozano, Pablo Sánchez, Gorospe, Aránzazu, Ramirez, Inés Legarda, Arques, Penelope Nava, Lopera, Monica Rodriguez, Pastor, Barbara Vive, Gaston, Itziar, Garcia-Amigot, Fermin, Martinez-Jaurrieta, Maria Dolore, Ramos-Arroyo, Maria Antonia, Hermoso, Fátima Dama, Moreno, José Manuel García, Lucena, Carolina Mendez, Cortegana, Eva María Pacheco, Peña, José Chacón, Redondo, Lui, Sánchez, Violeta Sánchez, Bosca, Maria, Burguera, Juan Andre, Vilaplana, Francisco Castera Brugada Carmen Peiró, Solís, Pilar, Figuerola, Begoña Jeweinat, Palanca, Paloma Millan, Berglund, Maria, Berglund, Peter, Constantinescu, Radu, Fredlund, Gunnel, Høsterey-Ugander, Ulrika, Lewin, Kajsa, Linnsand, Petra, Neleborn-Lingefjärd, Liselotte, Wahlström, Jan, Petersén, Åsa, Reimer, Jan, Widner, Håkan, Berglund, Mån, Loutfi, Ghada, Olofsson, Carina, Stattin, Eva-Lena, Westman, Laila, Wikström, Birgitta, Ekwall, Camilla, Göller, Marie-Lousie, Niemelä, Valter, Sundblom, Jimmy, Burgunder, Jean-Marc, Stebler, Yanik, Kaelin, Alain, Romero, Irene, Schüpbach, Michael, Zaugg, Sabine Weber, Jung, Hans H., Petersen, Jens A., Ligon-Auer, Maria, Mihaylova, Violeta, Downie, Lorna, Jack, Roisin, Matheson, Kirsty, Miedzybrodzka, Zosia, Rae, Daniela, Simpson, Sheila A., Summers, Fiona, Ure, Alexandra, Vaughan, Vivien, Akhtar, Shahbana, Crooks, Jenny, Curtis, Adrienne, De Souza, Jenny, Piedad, John, Rickards, Hugh, Wright, Jan, Coulthard, Elizabeth, Gethin, Louise, Hayward, Beverley, Sieradzan, Kasia, Wright, Abigail, Barker, Roger A., O'Keefe, Deidre, Gerrtiz, Anna, Fisher, Kate, Goodman, Anna, Hill, Susan, Mason, Sarah, Swain, Rachel, Guzman, Natalie Valle, Busse, Monica, Butcher, Cynthia, Dunnett, Stephen, Clenaghan, Catherine, Hunt, Sarah, Jones, Lesley, Jones, Una, Khalil, Hanan, Minster, Sara, Owen, Michael, Price, Kathleen, Townhill, Jenny, Rosser, Anne, Goudie, David, Buchanan, Lindsay, Mcfadyen, Paula, Tonner, Alison, Taylor, Anne-Marie, Edwards, Maureen, Ho, Carrie, Mcgill, Marie, Porteous, Mary, Pearson, Pauline, Harrower, Timothy, Irvine, Sarah, Brockie, Peter, Foster, Jillian, Johns, Nicola, Mckenzie, Sue, Rothery, Jean, Thomas, Gareth, Yates, Shona, Deith, Catherine, Ireland, Jane, Ritchie, Stuart, Brown, Pauline, Burrows, Liz, Fletcher, Amy, Harding, Alison, Laver, Fiona, Silva, Mark, Thomson, Aileen, Chu, Carol, Evans, Carole, Gallentree, Deena, Hamer, Stephanie, Kraus, Alison, Markova, Ivana, Raman, Ashok, Cosgrove, Jeremy, Gallantree, Deena, Hobson, Emma, Jamieson, Stuart, Longthorpe, Mandy, Musgrave, Hannah, Peacy, Caroline, Rowett, Liz, Toscano, Jean, Wild, Sue, Yardumian, Pam, Clayton, Carole, Dipple, Heather, Freire-Patino, Dawn, Hallam, Caroline, Middleton, Julia, Anjum, Uruj, Coebergh, Jan, Eddy, Charlotte, Lahiri, Nayana, Mcentagart, Meriel, Patton, Michael, Peterson, Maria, Rose, Sarah, Andrews, Thomasin, Dougherty, Andrew, Golding, Charlotte, Kavalier, Fred, Laing, Hana, Lashwood, Alison, Robertson, Dene, Ruddy, Deborah, Santhouse, Alastair, Whaite, Anna, Brown, Stefanie, Bruno, Stefania, Chu, Elvina, Doherty, Karen, Haider, Salman, Hensman, Davina, Lewis, Monica, Novak, Marianne, Patel, Aakta, Robertson, Nicola, Rosser, Elisabeth, Tabrizi, Sarah, Taylor, Rachel, Warner, Thoma, Wild, Edward, Arran, Natalie, Bek, Judith, Callaghan, Jenny, Craufurd, David, Hare, Marianne, Howard, Liz, Huson, Susan, Johnson, Liz, Jones, Mary, Krishnamoorthy, Ashok, Murphy, Helen, Oughton, Emma, Partington-Jones, Lucy, Rogers, Dawn, Sollom, Andrea, Snowden, Julie, Stopford, Cheryl, Thompson, Jennifer, Trender-Gerhard, Iri, Verstraelen, Nichola, Westmoreland, Leann, Cass, Ginette, Davidson, Lynn, Davison, Jill, Fullerton, Neil, Holmes, Katrina, Komati, Suresh, Mcdonnell, Sharon, Mohammed, Zeid, Morgan, Karen, Savage, Loi, Singh, Baldev, Wood, Josh, Knight, Caroline, O'Neill, Mari, Das Purkayastha, Debasish, Nemeth, Andrea H., Siuda, Gill, Valentine, Ruth, Dixon, Kathryn, Armstrong, Richard, Harrison, David, Hughes, Max, Large, Sandra, Donovan, John O., Palmer, Amy, Parkinson, Andrew, Soltysiak, Beverley, Timings, Leanne, Williams, Josh, Majeed, Tahir, Verstraelen, Nicola, Bandmann, Oliver, Bradbury, Alyson, Fairtlough, Helen, Fillingham, Kay, Foustanos, Isabella, Gill, Paul, Kazoka, Mbombe, O'Donovan, Kirsty, Nevitt, Louise, Peppa, Nadia, Quarrell, Oliver, Taylor, Cat, Tidswell, Katherine, Gowers, Lesley, Powell, Kingsley, Bethwaite, Pamela, Edwards, Rachel, Fuller, Kathleen, Phillips, Michelle, Tan, Loui, Lau, Puay Ngoh, and Pica, Emmanuel

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Heterozygote, Cognitive Neuroscience, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Disease, Huntington's disease, Cognition, Longitudinal, REGISTRY, Neuropsychological Tests, Cognitive neuroscience, Audiology, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, Cognitive decline, Aged, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, 030104 developmental biology, Huntington Disease, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, cognition, huntington's disease, longitudinal, registry, neuropsychology and physiological psychology, experimental and cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience, Disease Progression, Female, Neuropsychological Test, Psychology, Trinucleotide repeat expansion, Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Stroop effect, Human
Abstract

Background: In Huntington's Disease (HD) cognitive decline can occur before unequivocal motor signs become apparent. As cognitive decline often starts early in the course of the disease and has a progressive nature over time, cognition can be regarded as a key target for symptomatic treatment. The specific progressive profile of cognitive decline over time is unknown.Objective: The aim of this study is to quantify the progression of cognitive decline across all HD stages, from pre-motormanifest to advanced HD, and to investigate if CAG length mediates cognitive decline.Methods: In the European REGISTRY study 2669 HD expansion gene carriers underwent annual cognitive assessment. General linear mixed models were used to model the cognitive decline for each cognitive task across all disease stages. Additionally, a model was developed to evaluate the cognitive decline based on CAG length and age rather than disease stage.Results: There was significant cognitive decline on all administered tasks throughout pre-motormanifest (close to estimated disease onset) participants and the subsequent motormanifest participants from stage 1 to stage 4. Performance on the Stroop Word and Stroop Color tests additionally declined significantly across the two pre-motormanifest groups: far and close to estimated disease onset.The evaluation of cognition performance in relation to CAG length and age revealed a more rapid cognitive decline in participants with longer CAG length than participants with shorter CAG length over time.Conclusion: Cognitive performance already shows decline in pre-motormanifest HD gene expansion carriers and gradually worsens to late stage HD. HD gene expansion carriers with certain CAG length have their own cognitive profile, i.e., longer CAG length is associated with more rapid decline.

Published
2017

41. LRP10 in α-synucleinopathies

Author

Demis A Kia, Marya S Sabir, Sarah Ahmed, Joanne Trinh, Sara Bandres-Ciga, Alastair J Noyce, Rauan Kaiyrzhanov, Ben Middlehurst, Manuela Tan, Henry Houlden, Huw R Morris, Helene Plun-Favreau, Peter Holmans, John Hardy, Daniah Trabzuni, Jose Bras, John Quinn, Kin Y Mok, Kerri J. Kinghorn, Kimberley Billingsley, Nicholas W Wood, Patrick Lewis, Sebastian Schreglmann, Rita Guerreiro, Ruth Lovering, Lea R'Bibo, Mie Rizig, Mina Ryten, Sebastian Guelfi, Valentina Escott-Price, Viorica Chelban, Thomas Foltynie, Nigel Williams, Alexis Brice, Fabrice Danjou, Suzanne Lesage, Jean-Christophe Corvol, Maria Martinez, Claudia Schulte, Kathrin Brockmann, Javier Simón-Sánchez, Peter Heutink, Patrizia Rizzu, Manu Sharma, Thomas Gasser, Aude Nicolas, Mark R Cookson, Cornelis Blauwendraat, David W. Craig, Faraz Faghri, Raphael J. Gibbs, Dena G Hernandez, Kendall Van Keuren-Jensen, Joshua M. Shulman, Hirotaka Iwaki, Hampton L. Leonard, Mike A. Nalls, Laurie Robak, Steven Lubbe, Steven Finkbeiner, Niccolo E. Mencacci, Codrin Lungu, Andrew B Singleton, Sonja W. Scholz, Xylena Reed, Roy N. Alcalay, Ziv Gan-Or, Guy A. Rouleau, Jacobus J van Hilten, Johan Marinus, Astrid D. Adarmes-Gómez, Miquel Aguilar, Ignacio Alvarez, Victoria Alvarez, Francisco J. Barrero, Jesús A. Bergareche Yarza, Inmaculada Bernal-Bernal, Marta Blazquez, Marta Bonilla-Toribio, Juan A. Botía, María Teresa Boungiorno, Dolores Buiza-Rueda, Ana Cámara, Fátima Carrillo, Mario Carrión-Claro, Debora Cerdan, Jordi Clarimón, Monica Diez-Farien, Oriol Dols-Icardo, Jacinto Duarte, Raquel Duran, Francisco Escamilla-Sevilla, Mario Ezquerra, Cici Feliz, Manel Fernández, Rubén Fernández-Santiago, Ciara Garcia, Pedro García-Ruiz, Pilar Gómez-Garre, Maria Jose Gomez Heredia, Isabel Gonzalez-Aramburu, Ana Gorostidi Pagola, Janet Hoenicka, Jon Infante, Silvia Jesús, Adriano Jimenez-Escrig, Jaime Kulisevsky, Miguel A. Labrador-Espinosa, Jose L. Lopez-Sendon, Adolfo López de Munain Arregui, Daniel Macias, Irene Martínez Torres, Juan Marín, Maria Jose Marti, Juan Carlos Martínez- Castrillo, Carlota Méndez-del-Barrio, Manuel Menéndez González, Marina Mata, Adolfo Mínguez, Pablo Mir, Elisabet Mondragon Rezola, Esteban Muñoz, Javier Pagonabarraga, Pau Pastor, Francisco Perez Errazquin, Teresa Periñán-Tocino, Javier Ruiz-Martínez, Clara Ruz, Antonio Sanchez Rodriguez, María Sierra, Esther Suarez-Sanmartin, Cesar Tabernero, Juan Pablo Tartari, Cristina Tejera-Parrado, Eduard Tolosa, Francesc Valldeoriola, Laura Vargas-González, Lydia Vela, Francisco Vives, Alexander Zimprich, Lasse Pihlstrom, Mathias Toft, Sulev Koks, Pille Taba, and Sharon Hassin-Baer

Subjects
Lewy Body Disease, Genetic Linkage, Humans, Dementia, Lewy Bodies, Parkinson Disease, Neurology (clinical)
Published
2018

42. Clinic-Based Validation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers with Florbetapir PET for Diagnosis of Dementia

Author

Carles Lorenzo-Bosquet, Silvia Romero, Maria Carcel, Jose Manuel González, Juan Pablo Tartari, Monica Diez-Fairen, Ignacio Alvarez, Pau Pastor, Miquel Aguilar, Alvaro Alonso, Francisco Pujalte, and Montse Ysamat

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Apolipoprotein E, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, tau Proteins, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Apolipoproteins E, Internal medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Dementia, Humans, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Aniline Compounds, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Neuroscience, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Peptide Fragments, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, 030104 developmental biology, Positron emission tomography, Positron-Emission Tomography, Csf biomarkers, Etiology, Biomarker (medicine), Ethylene Glycols, Female, Analysis of variance, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, Cognition Disorders, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers
Abstract

BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker studies have shown variable accuracy for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD); therefore, internal validation is recommended. OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between CSF biomarkers and cerebral 18-Florbetapir positron emission tomography (Amyloid-PET) and calculate their sensitivity and specificity to obtain the optimal clinical cut-off points to diagnose the etiology of cognitive impairment. METHODS We performed Amyloid-PET scans and CSF biomarker levels analyses in 68 subjects (50 with mild cognitive impairment, 11 with AD dementia, and 7 with non-AD dementia). Visual examination of Amyloid-PET scans was performed. CSF analyses were performed using standard sandwich ELISA. RESULTS Amyloid-PET was positive in 36 subjects, negative in 26, and inconclusive in 6. Optimal clinical cut-off points for CSF markers were the following: amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ42) = 629 pg/ml, total tau (t-tau) = 532 pg/ml, phosphorylated tau (p-tau) = 88 pg/ml, and t-tau/Aβ42 ratio = 0.58. T-tau/Aβ42 ratio showed the best sensitivity and specificity (92 and 84%, respectively). T-tau and p-tau CSF levels (r2 = 0.867) followed by the t-tau and t-tau/Aβ42 CSF ratio (r2 = 0.666) showed the strongest inter-marker correlation. Interestingly, subjects with inconclusive Amyloid-PET showed intermediate values for all CSF markers between negative and positive Amyloid-PET groups. CONCLUSIONS CSF t-tau/Aβ42 ratio appears to be the most accurate AD CSF marker. The presence of intermediate values for CSF markers among the subjects with inconclusive Amyloid-PET suggests the presence of other dementias associated with AD pathology or intermediate phenotypes.

Published
2017

43. Clinical manifestations of intermediate allele carriers in Huntington disease

Author

Cubo E., Ramos-Arroyo M. A., Martinez-Horta S., Martinez-Descalls A., Calvo S., Gil-Polo CAnne-Catherine Bachoud-Lévi, Anna Rita Bentivoglio, Ida Biunno, Raphael M Bonelli, Jean-Marc Burgunder, Stephen B Dunnett, Joaquim J Ferreira, Olivia J Handley, Arvid Heiberg, Torsten Illmann, G Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, Jamie Levey, Maria Ramos-Arroyo, Jørgen E Nielsen, Susana Pro Koivisto, Markku Päivärinta, Raymund A C Roos, Ana Rojo Sebastián, Sarah J Tabrizi, Wim Vandenberghe, Christine Verellen-Dumoulin, Tereza Uhrova, Jan Wahlström, Jacek Zaremba, Verena Baake, Katrin Barth, Adrien Come, Leonor Correia Guedes, Ana Maria Finisterra, Monica Bascuñana Garde, Reineke Bos, Sabrina Betz, Jenny Callaghan, Selene Capodarca, Sébastien Charpentier, Wildson Vieira da Silva, Martina Di Renzo, Daniel Ecker, Ruth Fullam, Camille Genoves, Mette Gilling, Carina Hvalstedt, Christine Held, Andrea Horta-Barba, Kerstin Koppers, Claudia Lamanna, Matilde Laurà, Asunción Martínez Descals, Saul Martinez-Horta, Tiago Mestre, Sara Minster, Daniela Monza, Lisanne Mütze, Martin Oehmen, Helene Padieu, Laurent Paterski, Nadia Peppa, Beate Rindal, Dawn Rogers, Niini Røren, Pavla Šašinková, Yuri Seliverstov, Catherine Taylor, Erika Timewell, Jenny Townhill, Patricia Trigo Cubillo, Marleen R van Walsem, Marie-Noelle Witjes-Ané, Grzegorz Witkowski, Abigail Wright, Elizaveta Yudina, Daniel Zielonka, Eugeniusz Zielonka, Paola Zinzi, Cécile Minet, Pascale Ribaï, Dominique Van Paemel, Lena Hjermind, Oda Jacobsen, Suzanne Lindquist, Jørgen Nielsen, Lisbeth Regeur, Jette Stockholm, Ida Unmack Larsen, Christina Vangsted-Hansen, Tua Vinther-Jensen, Pia Eklund, Heli Hiivola, Hannele Hypponen, Kirsti Martikainen, Katri Tuuha, Philippe Allain, Dominique Bonneau Marie Bost, Bénédicte Gohier, Marie-Anne Guérid, Audrey Olivier, Julie Prouzet, Adriana Prundean, Clarisse Scherer-Gagou, Christophe Verny, Blandine Babiloni, Sabrina Debruxelles, Charlotte Duché, Cyril Goizet, Laetitia Jameau, Danielle Lafoucrière, Umberto Spampinato, Anne-Catherine Bachoud-Lévi, Farideh Badei, Lotfi Boudali, Catherine Bourdet, Laurent Cléret, Maryline Couette, Cécile Focseneanu, Laurie Lemoine, Graça Morgado, Mehdi Sebaiti, Claire Thiriez, Laetitia Vervoitte, Katia Youssov, Jean-Philippe Azulay, Christelle Chabot, Marie Delfini, Alexandre Eusebio, Frédérique Fluchere, Christine Garreau, Aicha Ghenam, Hélène Grosjean, Laura Mundler, Marielle Nowak, Roland Raseta, Maïté Bertrand, Fabienne Calvas, Samia Cheriet, Laurent Marquine, Michèle Pierre, Jérémie Pariente, Sandrine Rolland, Alice Seris, Valérie Vaquie, Christoph Michael Kosinski, Eva Milkereit, Daniela Probst, Kathrin Reetz, Christian Sass, Johannes Schiefer, Christiane Schlangen, Cornelius J Werner, Gisa Ellrichmann, Lennard Herrmann, Rainer Hoffmann, Barbara Kaminski, Carsten Saft, Kai Boelmans, Christos Ganos, Ines Goerendt, Walburgis Heinicke, Ute Hidding, Jan Lewerenz, Alexander Münchau, Michael Orth, Jenny Schmalfeld, Lars Stubbe, Simone Zittel, Gabriele Diercks, Dirk Dressler, Flverly Francis, Sabine Gayde-Stephan, Heike Gorzolla, Bianca Kramer, Rebecca Minschke, Christoph Schrader, Pawel Tacik, Natalie Bechtel, Heike Beckmann, Stefan Bohlen, Nicole Göpfert, Eva Hölzner, Herwig Lange, Ralf Reilmann, Stefanie Rohm, Silke Rumpf, Sigrun Schepers, Nathalia Weber, Michael Bachmeier, Matthias Dose, Nina Hofstetter, Ralf Marquard, Alzbeta Mühlbäck, Andrea Buck, Julia Connemann, Carolin Geitner, Andrea Kesse, Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, Franziska Lezius, Solveig Nepper, Anke Niess, Ariane Schneider, Daniela Schwenk, Sigurd Süssmuth, Sonja Trautmann, Patrick Weydt, Stephan Klebe, Thomas Musacchio, Christine Leypold, Kerstin Nöth, Claudia Cormio, Marina de Tommaso, Anna Rita Dellomonaco, Olimpia Difruscolo, Giovanni Franco, Vittorio Sciruicchio, Claudia Serpino, Michela Figorilli, Francesco Marrosu, Antonella Muroni, Valeria Piras, Melisa Vacca, Caterina Bartoli, Elisabetta Bertini, Fernanda Fortunato, Elena Ghelli, Andrea Ginestroni, Claudia Mechi, Marco Paganini, Silvia Piacentini, Silvia Pradella, Anna Maria Romoli, Sandro Sorbi, Giuseppe De Michele, Luigi Di Maio, Carlo Rinaldi, Marco Massarelli, Silvio Peluso, Alessandro Roca, Cinzia Valeria Russo, Pierpaolo Sorrentino, Elena Salvatore, Tecla Tucci, Milena Cannella, Valentina Codella, Francesca De Gregorio, Annunziata De Nicola, Francesca Elifani, Tiziana Martino, Francesca Lovo, Irene Mazzante, Martina Petrollini, Maria Simonelli, Ferdinando Squitieri, Maurizio Vezza, Barbara D'Alessio, Chiara Esposito, Giulia Coarelli, Michela Ferraldeschi, Marina Frontali, Gioia Jacopini, Giovanni Ristori, Silvia Romano, Monique S E van Hout, Jeroen P P van Vugt, A Marit de Weert, Marloes Verhoeven, Simon J A van den Bogaard, Eve M Dumas, Ellen P 't Hart, Milou Jacobs, Anne Kampstra, Anne Schoonderbeek, Nils Olav Aanonsen, Olaf Aaserud, Liv Barnett, Kathrine Bjørgo, Nancy Borgerød, Elisabeth Dramstad, Madeleine Fannemel, Jan Frich, Helen Gundersen, Per Gørvell, Kathrine Haggag, Cecilie Haggag Johannessen, Lars Retterstøl, Oddveig Rosby, Jutta Rummel, Alma Sikiric, Olga Solberg, Marleen van Walsem, Ragnhild Wehus, Artur Dziadkiewicz, Agnieszka Konkel, Ewa Narożańska, Malgorzata Nowak, Piotr Robowski, Emilia Sitek, Jaroslaw Slawek, Witold Soltan, Michal Szinwelski, Michał Arkuszewski, Magdalena Błaszczyk, Magdalena Boczarska-Jedynak, Ewelina Ciach-Wysocka, Agnieszka Gorzkowska, Barbara Jasińska-Myga, Aleksandra Kaczmarczyk, Gabriela Kłodowska-Duda, Grzegorz Opala, Monika Rudzińska, Daniel Stompel, Krzysztof Banaszkiewicz, Dorota Boćwińska, Kamila Bojakowska-Jaremek, Małgorzata Dec, Natalia Grabska, Malgorzata Krawczyk, Ewelina Kubowicz, Michalina Malec-Litwinowicz, Agata Stenwak, Andrzej Szczudlik, Elżbieta Szczygieł, Magdalena Wójcik, Anna Wasielewska, Jacek Anioła Anna Bryl, Anna Ciesielska, Aneta Klimberg, Jerzy Marcinkowski, Husam Samara, Justyna Sempołowicz, Bartłomiej Wiśniewski, Anna Gogol, Piotr Janik, Zygmunt Jamrozik, Anna Kaminska, Hubert Kwiecinski, Jakub Antczak, Katarzyna Jachinska, Wioletta Krysa, Maryla Rakowicz, Przemyslaw Richter, Rafal Rola, Danuta Ryglewicz, Halina Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, Iwona Stępniak, Anna Sułek, Elzbieta Zdzienicka, Karolina Ziora-Jakutowicz, Cristina Januário, Filipa Júlio, Ana Salgueiro, Miguel Coelho, Tiago Mendes, Mário Miguel Rosa, Anabela Valadas, Cristina Semedo, Ana Calado, Joana Morgado, Margarida Dias, Manuel Almeida, Carmen Durán Herrera, Patrocinio Garcia Moreno, Jordi Bas, Núria Busquets, Matilde Calopa, Serge Jaumà Classen, Nadia Rodríguez Dedichá, Miquel Aguilar Barbera, Sonia Arribas Pardo, Dolors Badenes Guia, Noemi Calzado, Laura Casas Hernanz, Juan Pablo Tartari Díaz-Zorita, Judit López Catena, Pilar Quiléz Ferrer, Gemma Tome Carruesco, Misericordia Floriach Robert, Cèlia Mareca Viladrich, Elvira Roca, Jesús Miguel Ruiz Idiago, Antonio Villa Riballo, Antonia Campolongo, Ramon Fernandez de Bobadilla, Jaime Kulisevsky Bojarsky, Javier Pagonabarraga, Jesus Perez Perez, Carolina Villa, Maria Angeles Acera Gil, Koldo Berganzo Corrales, Juan Carlos Gomez Esteban, Amaia González, Beatriz Tijero Merino, Esther Cubo, Natividad Mariscal, Sandra Gutierrez Romero, José Matías Arbelo, Rocío Malo de Molina, Idaira Martín, Juan Manuel Periañez, Beatriz Udaeta, Fernando Alonso-Frech, Belén Frades, Marina Ávila Villanueva, Maria Ascension Zea Sevilla, Fernando Alonso Frech, María Del Mar Fenollar, Rocío García-Ramos García, Clara Villanueva, Mónica Bascuñana, Marta Fatás Ventura, Juan García Caldentey, Guillermo García Ribas, Justo García de Yébenes, José Luis López-Sendón Moreno, Verónica Mañanes Barral, Cici Feliz Feliz, Pedro José García Ruíz, Ana García, Rosa Guerrero López, Antonio Herranz Bárcenas, Asunción Martínez-Descals, Angel Martínez Pueyo, Veronica Puertas Martin, Noelia Rodríguez Martínez, María José Sainz Artiga, Vicenta Sánchez, Javier Del Val Fernandez, Carmen Antúnez Almagro, Salvadora Manzanares, Juan Marín Muñoz, María Martirio Antequera Torres, Fuensanta Noguera Perea, Laura Vivancos Moreau, Sonia González, Luis Menéndez Guisasola, Carlos Salvador, René Ribacoba, Pablo Sánchez Lozano, Marta Para Prieto, Aránzazu Gorospe, Inés Legarda Ramirez, Penelope Navas Arques, Monica Rodriguez Lopera, Barbara Vives Pastor, Itziar Gaston, Maria Antonia Ramos-Arroyo, Maria Dolores Martinez-Jaurrieta, José Manuel García Moreno, Carolina Mendez Lucena, José Chacón Peña, Fátima Damas Hermoso, Eva Pacheco Cortegana, Luis Redondo, Cristina Melgar Fernandez, Maite Paredes Mata, Maria Dolores Romero Lemos, Maria Bosca, Juan Andres Burguera, Francisco Castera Brugada Carmen Peiró Vilaplana, Elena Bellosta Diago, Javier López Del Val, Laura Martinez Martinez, Elena López, Peter Berglund, Radu Constantinescu, Gunnel Fredlund, Ulrika Høsterey-Ugander, Liselotte Neleborn-Lingefjärd, Yanik Stebler, Alain Kaelin, Irene Romero, Michael Schüpbach, Sabine Weber Zaugg, Lorna Downie, Roisin Jack, Kirsty Matheson, Zosia Miedzybrodzka, Daniela Rae, Sheila A Simpson, Fiona Summers, Alexandra Ure, Vivien Vaughn, Shahbana Akhtar, Jenny Crooks, Adrienne Curtis, Jenny de Souza, John Piedad, Hugh Rickards, Jan Wright, Elizabeth Coulthard, Louise Gethin, Beverley Hayward, Kasia Sieradzan, Monica Busse, Cynthia Butcher, Stephen Dunnett, Catherine Clenaghan, Sarah Hunt, Lesley Jones, Una Jones, Hanan Khalil, Michael Owen, Kathleen Price, Anne Rosser, Peter Brockie, Jillian Foster, Nicola Johns, Sue McKenzie, Jean Rothery, Gareth Thomas, Shona Yates, Alyson Andrew, Julie Frost, Rupert Noad, Jeremy Cosgrove, Deena Gallantree, Stephanie Hamer, Emma Hobson, Stuart Jamieson, Alison Kraus, Mandy Longthorpe, Ivana Markova, Hannah Musgrave, Caroline Peacy, Ashok Raman, Liz Rowett, Jean Toscano, Sue Wild, Carole Clayton, Pam Yardumian, Heather Dipple, Dawn Freire- Patino, Caroline Hallam, Julia Middleton, Uruj Anjum, Jan Coebergh, Charlotte Eddy, Nayana Lahiri, Meriel McEntagart, Michael Patton, Maria Peterson, Sarah Rose, Thomasin Andrews, Stefanie Brown, Stefania Bruno, Elvina Chu, Karen Doherty, Charlotte Golding, Salman Haider, Davina Hensman, Monica Lewis, Marianne Novak, Aakta Patel, Joy Read, Nicola Robertson, Elisabeth Rosser, Sarah Tabrizi, Rachel Taylor, Thomas Warner, Edward Wild, Natalie Arran, Judith Bek, David Craufurd, Marianne Hare, Liz Howard, Susan Huson, Liz Johnson, Mary Jones, Ashok Krishnamoorthy, Helen Murphy, Emma Oughton, Lucy Partington-Jones, Andrea Sollom, Julie Snowden, Cheryl Stopford, Jennifer Thompson, Iris Trender-Gerhard, Nichola Verstraelen, Leann Westmoreland, Ginette Cass, Lynn Davidson, Jill Davison, Neil Fullerton, Katrina Holmes, Suresh Komati, Sharon McDonnell, Zeid Mohammed, Karen Morgan, Lois Savage, Baldev Singh, Josh Wood, Andrea H Nemeth, Gill Siuda, Ruth Valentine, Kathryn Dixon, Richard Armstrong, David Harrison, Max Hughes, Sandra Large, John O Donovan, Amy Palmer, Andrew Parkinson, Beverley Soltysiak, Leanne Timings, Josh Williams, Oliver Bandmann, Alyson Bradbury, Helen Fairtlough, Kay Fillingham, Isabella Foustanos, Paul Gill, Mbombe Kazoka, Kirsty O'Donovan, Louise Nevitt, Oliver Quarrell, Cat Taylor, Katherine Tidswell, Lesley Gowers, Kingsley Powell, Pamela Bethwaite, Rachel Edwards, Kathleen Fuller, Michelle Phillips, Univ Angers, Okina, E., Cubo, M. A., Ramos-Arroyo, S., Martinez-Horta, A., Martinez-Descall, S., Calvo, CAnne-Catherine Bachoud-Lévi, Gil-Polo, Rita Bentivoglio, Anna, Biunno, Ida, M Bonelli, Raphael, Burgunder, Jean-Marc, B Dunnett, Stephen, J Ferreira, Joaquim, J Handley, Olivia, Heiberg, Arvid, Illmann, Torsten, Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, G, Levey, Jamie, Ramos-Arroyo, Maria, E Nielsen, Jørgen, Pro Koivisto, Susana, Päivärinta, Markku, C Roos, Raymund A, Rojo Sebastián, Ana, J Tabrizi, Sarah, Vandenberghe, Wim, Verellen-Dumoulin, Christine, Uhrova, Tereza, Wahlström, Jan, Zaremba, Jacek, Baake, Verena, Barth, Katrin, Come, Adrien, Correia Guedes, Leonor, Maria Finisterra, Ana, Bascuñana Garde, Monica, Bos, Reineke, Betz, Sabrina, Callaghan, Jenny, Capodarca, Selene, Charpentier, Sébastien, Vieira da Silva, Wildson, Di Renzo, Martina, Ecker, Daniel, Fullam, Ruth, Genoves, Camille, Gilling, Mette, Hvalstedt, Carina, Held, Christine, Horta-Barba, Andrea, Koppers, Kerstin, Lamanna, Claudia, Laurà, Matilde, Martínez Descals, Asunción, Martinez-Horta, Saul, Mestre, Tiago, Minster, Sara, Monza, Daniela, Mütze, Lisanne, Oehmen, Martin, Padieu, Helene, Paterski, Laurent, Peppa, Nadia, Rindal, Beate, Rogers, Dawn, Røren, Niini, Šašinková, Pavla, Seliverstov, Yuri, Taylor, Catherine, Timewell, Erika, Townhill, Jenny, Trigo Cubillo, Patricia, R van Walsem, Marleen, Witjes-Ané, Marie-Noelle, Witkowski, Grzegorz, Wright, Abigail, Yudina, Elizaveta, Zielonka, Daniel, Zielonka, Eugeniusz, Zinzi, Paola, Minet, Cécile, Ribaï, Pascale, Van Paemel, Dominique, Hjermind, Lena, Jacobsen, Oda, Lindquist, Suzanne, Nielsen, Jørgen, Regeur, Lisbeth, Stockholm, Jette, Unmack Larsen, Ida, Vangsted-Hansen, Christina, Vinther-Jensen, Tua, Eklund, Pia, Hiivola, Heli, Hypponen, Hannele, Martikainen, Kirsti, Tuuha, Katri, Allain, Philippe, Bonneau Marie Bost, Dominique, Gohier, Bénédicte, Guérid, Marie-Anne, Olivier, Audrey, Prouzet, Julie, Prundean, Adriana, Scherer-Gagou, Clarisse, Verny, Christophe, Babiloni, Blandine, Debruxelles, Sabrina, Duché, Charlotte, Goizet, Cyril, Jameau, Laetitia, Lafoucrière, Danielle, Spampinato, Umberto, Bachoud-Lévi, Anne-Catherine, Badei, Farideh, Boudali, Lotfi, Bourdet, Catherine, Cléret, Laurent, Couette, Maryline, Focseneanu, Cécile, Lemoine, Laurie, Morgado, Graça, Sebaiti, Mehdi, Thiriez, Claire, Vervoitte, Laetitia, Youssov, Katia, Azulay, Jean-Philippe, Chabot, Christelle, Delfini, Marie, Eusebio, Alexandre, Fluchere, Frédérique, Garreau, Christine, Ghenam, Aicha, Grosjean, Hélène, Mundler, Laura, Nowak, Marielle, Raseta, Roland, Bertrand, Maïté, Calvas, Fabienne, Cheriet, Samia, Marquine, Laurent, Pierre, Michèle, Pariente, Jérémie, Rolland, Sandrine, Seris, Alice, Vaquie, Valérie, Michael Kosinski, Christoph, Milkereit, Eva, Probst, Daniela, Reetz, Kathrin, Sass, Christian, Schiefer, Johanne, Schlangen, Christiane, J Werner, Corneliu, Ellrichmann, Gisa, Herrmann, Lennard, Hoffmann, Rainer, Kaminski, Barbara, Saft, Carsten, Boelmans, Kai, Ganos, Christo, Goerendt, Ine, Heinicke, Walburgi, Hidding, Ute, Lewerenz, Jan, Münchau, Alexander, Orth, Michael, Schmalfeld, Jenny, Stubbe, Lar, Zittel, Simone, Diercks, Gabriele, Dressler, Dirk, Francis, Flverly, Gayde-Stephan, Sabine, Gorzolla, Heike, Kramer, Bianca, Minschke, Rebecca, Schrader, Christoph, Tacik, Pawel, Bechtel, Natalie, Beckmann, Heike, Bohlen, Stefan, Göpfert, Nicole, Hölzner, Eva, Lange, Herwig, Reilmann, Ralf, Rohm, Stefanie, Rumpf, Silke, Schepers, Sigrun, Weber, Nathalia, Bachmeier, Michael, Dose, Matthia, Hofstetter, Nina, Marquard, Ralf, Mühlbäck, Alzbeta, Buck, Andrea, Connemann, Julia, Geitner, Carolin, Kesse, Andrea, Landwehrmeyer, Bernhard, Lezius, Franziska, Nepper, Solveig, Niess, Anke, Schneider, Ariane, Schwenk, Daniela, Süssmuth, Sigurd, Trautmann, Sonja, Weydt, Patrick, Klebe, Stephan, Musacchio, Thoma, Leypold, Christine, Nöth, Kerstin, Cormio, Claudia, de Tommaso, Marina, Rita Dellomonaco, Anna, Difruscolo, Olimpia, Franco, Giovanni, Sciruicchio, Vittorio, Serpino, Claudia, Figorilli, Michela, Marrosu, Francesco, Muroni, Antonella, Piras, Valeria, Vacca, Melisa, Bartoli, Caterina, Bertini, Elisabetta, Fortunato, Fernanda, Ghelli, Elena, Ginestroni, Andrea, Mechi, Claudia, Paganini, Marco, Piacentini, Silvia, Pradella, Silvia, Maria Romoli, Anna, Sorbi, Sandro, DE MICHELE, Giuseppe, Di Maio, Luigi, Rinaldi, Carlo, Massarelli, Marco, Peluso, Silvio, Roca, Alessandro, Russo, CINZIA VALERIA, Sorrentino, Pierpaolo, Salvatore, Elena, Tucci, Tecla, Cannella, Milena, Codella, Valentina, De Gregorio, Francesca, De Nicola, Annunziata, Elifani, Francesca, Martino, Tiziana, Lovo, Francesca, Mazzante, Irene, Petrollini, Martina, Simonelli, Maria, Squitieri, Ferdinando, Vezza, Maurizio, D'Alessio, Barbara, Esposito, Chiara, Coarelli, Giulia, Ferraldeschi, Michela, Frontali, Marina, Jacopini, Gioia, Ristori, Giovanni, Romano, Silvia, E van Hout, Monique S, P van Vugt, Jeroen P, Marit de Weert, A, Verhoeven, Marloe, A van den Bogaard, Simon J, M Dumas, Eve, P 't Hart, Ellen, Jacobs, Milou, Kampstra, Anne, Schoonderbeek, Anne, Olav Aanonsen, Nil, Aaserud, Olaf, Barnett, Liv, Bjørgo, Kathrine, Borgerød, Nancy, Dramstad, Elisabeth, Fannemel, Madeleine, Frich, Jan, Gundersen, Helen, Gørvell, Per, Haggag, Kathrine, Haggag Johannessen, Cecilie, Retterstøl, Lar, Rosby, Oddveig, Rummel, Jutta, Sikiric, Alma, Solberg, Olga, van Walsem, Marleen, Wehus, Ragnhild, Dziadkiewicz, Artur, Konkel, Agnieszka, Narożańska, Ewa, Nowak, Malgorzata, Robowski, Piotr, Sitek, Emilia, Slawek, Jaroslaw, Soltan, Witold, Szinwelski, Michal, Arkuszewski, Michał, Błaszczyk, Magdalena, Boczarska-Jedynak, Magdalena, Ciach-Wysocka, Ewelina, Gorzkowska, Agnieszka, Jasińska-Myga, Barbara, Kaczmarczyk, Aleksandra, Kłodowska-Duda, Gabriela, Opala, Grzegorz, Rudzińska, Monika, Stompel, Daniel, Banaszkiewicz, Krzysztof, Boćwińska, Dorota, Bojakowska-Jaremek, Kamila, Dec, Małgorzata, Grabska, Natalia, Krawczyk, Malgorzata, Kubowicz, Ewelina, Malec-Litwinowicz, Michalina, Stenwak, Agata, Szczudlik, Andrzej, Szczygieł, Elżbieta, Wójcik, Magdalena, Wasielewska, Anna, Anioła Anna Bryl, Jacek, Ciesielska, Anna, Klimberg, Aneta, Marcinkowski, Jerzy, Samara, Husam, Sempołowicz, Justyna, Wiśniewski, Bartłomiej, Gogol, Anna, Janik, Piotr, Jamrozik, Zygmunt, Kaminska, Anna, Kwiecinski, Hubert, Antczak, Jakub, Jachinska, Katarzyna, Krysa, Wioletta, Rakowicz, Maryla, Richter, Przemyslaw, Rola, Rafal, Ryglewicz, Danuta, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, Halina, Stępniak, Iwona, Sułek, Anna, Zdzienicka, Elzbieta, Ziora-Jakutowicz, Karolina, Januário, Cristina, Júlio, Filipa, Salgueiro, Ana, Coelho, Miguel, Mendes, Tiago, Miguel Rosa, Mário, Valadas, Anabela, Semedo, Cristina, Calado, Ana, Morgado, Joana, Dias, Margarida, Almeida, Manuel, Durán Herrera, Carmen, Garcia Moreno, Patrocinio, Bas, Jordi, Busquets, Núria, Calopa, Matilde, Jaumà Classen, Serge, Rodríguez Dedichá, Nadia, Aguilar Barbera, Miquel, Arribas Pardo, Sonia, Badenes Guia, Dolor, Calzado, Noemi, Casas Hernanz, Laura, Pablo Tartari Díaz-Zorita, Juan, López Catena, Judit, Quiléz Ferrer, Pilar, Tome Carruesco, Gemma, Floriach Robert, Misericordia, Mareca Viladrich, Cèlia, Roca, Elvira, Miguel Ruiz Idiago, Jesú, Villa Riballo, Antonio, Campolongo, Antonia, Fernandez de Bobadilla, Ramon, Kulisevsky Bojarsky, Jaime, Pagonabarraga, Javier, Perez Perez, Jesu, Villa, Carolina, Angeles Acera Gil, Maria, Berganzo Corrales, Koldo, Carlos Gomez Esteban, Juan, González, Amaia, Tijero Merino, Beatriz, Cubo, Esther, Mariscal, Natividad, Gutierrez Romero, Sandra, Matías Arbelo, José, Malo de Molina, Rocío, Martín, Idaira, Manuel Periañez, Juan, Udaeta, Beatriz, Alonso-Frech, Fernando, Frades, Belén, Ávila Villanueva, Marina, Ascension Zea Sevilla, Maria, Alonso Frech, Fernando, Del Mar Fenollar, María, García-Ramos García, Rocío, Villanueva, Clara, Bascuñana, Mónica, Fatás Ventura, Marta, García Caldentey, Juan, García Ribas, Guillermo, García de Yébenes, Justo, Luis López-Sendón Moreno, José, Mañanes Barral, Verónica, Feliz Feliz, Cici, José García Ruíz, Pedro, García, Ana, Guerrero López, Rosa, Herranz Bárcenas, Antonio, Martínez-Descals, Asunción, Martínez Pueyo, Angel, Puertas Martin, Veronica, Rodríguez Martínez, Noelia, José Sainz Artiga, María, Sánchez, Vicenta, Del Val Fernandez, Javier, Antúnez Almagro, Carmen, Manzanares, Salvadora, Marín Muñoz, Juan, Martirio Antequera Torres, María, Noguera Perea, Fuensanta, Vivancos Moreau, Laura, González, Sonia, Menéndez Guisasola, Lui, Salvador, Carlo, Ribacoba, René, Sánchez Lozano, Pablo, Para Prieto, Marta, Gorospe, Aránzazu, Legarda Ramirez, Iné, Navas Arques, Penelope, Rodriguez Lopera, Monica, Vives Pastor, Barbara, Gaston, Itziar, Antonia Ramos-Arroyo, Maria, Dolores Martinez-Jaurrieta, Maria, Manuel García Moreno, José, Mendez Lucena, Carolina, Chacón Peña, José, Damas Hermoso, Fátima, Pacheco Cortegana, Eva, Redondo, Lui, Melgar Fernandez, Cristina, Paredes Mata, Maite, Dolores Romero Lemos, Maria, Bosca, Maria, Andres Burguera, Juan, Castera Brugada Carmen Peiró Vilaplana, Francisco, Bellosta Diago, Elena, López Del Val, Javier, Martinez Martinez, Laura, López, Elena, Berglund, Peter, Constantinescu, Radu, Fredlund, Gunnel, Høsterey-Ugander, Ulrika, Neleborn-Lingefjärd, Liselotte, Stebler, Yanik, Kaelin, Alain, Romero, Irene, Schüpbach, Michael, Weber Zaugg, Sabine, Downie, Lorna, Jack, Roisin, Matheson, Kirsty, Miedzybrodzka, Zosia, Rae, Daniela, A Simpson, Sheila, Summers, Fiona, Ure, Alexandra, Vaughn, Vivien, Akhtar, Shahbana, Crooks, Jenny, Curtis, Adrienne, de Souza, Jenny, Piedad, John, Rickards, Hugh, Wright, Jan, Coulthard, Elizabeth, Gethin, Louise, Hayward, Beverley, Sieradzan, Kasia, Busse, Monica, Butcher, Cynthia, Dunnett, Stephen, Clenaghan, Catherine, Hunt, Sarah, Jones, Lesley, Jones, Una, Khalil, Hanan, Owen, Michael, Price, Kathleen, Rosser, Anne, Brockie, Peter, Foster, Jillian, Johns, Nicola, Mckenzie, Sue, Rothery, Jean, Thomas, Gareth, Yates, Shona, Andrew, Alyson, Frost, Julie, Noad, Rupert, Cosgrove, Jeremy, Gallantree, Deena, Hamer, Stephanie, Hobson, Emma, Jamieson, Stuart, Kraus, Alison, Longthorpe, Mandy, Markova, Ivana, Musgrave, Hannah, Peacy, Caroline, Raman, Ashok, Rowett, Liz, Toscano, Jean, Wild, Sue, Clayton, Carole, Yardumian, Pam, Dipple, Heather, Freire- Patino, Dawn, Hallam, Caroline, Middleton, Julia, Anjum, Uruj, Coebergh, Jan, Eddy, Charlotte, Lahiri, Nayana, Mcentagart, Meriel, Patton, Michael, Peterson, Maria, Rose, Sarah, Andrews, Thomasin, Brown, Stefanie, Bruno, Stefania, Chu, Elvina, Doherty, Karen, Golding, Charlotte, Haider, Salman, Hensman, Davina, Lewis, Monica, Novak, Marianne, Patel, Aakta, Read, Joy, Robertson, Nicola, Rosser, Elisabeth, Tabrizi, Sarah, Taylor, Rachel, Warner, Thoma, Wild, Edward, Arran, Natalie, Bek, Judith, Craufurd, David, Hare, Marianne, Howard, Liz, Huson, Susan, Johnson, Liz, Jones, Mary, Krishnamoorthy, Ashok, Murphy, Helen, Oughton, Emma, Partington-Jones, Lucy, Sollom, Andrea, Snowden, Julie, Stopford, Cheryl, Thompson, Jennifer, Trender-Gerhard, Iri, Verstraelen, Nichola, Westmoreland, Leann, Cass, Ginette, Davidson, Lynn, Davison, Jill, Fullerton, Neil, Holmes, Katrina, Komati, Suresh, Mcdonnell, Sharon, Mohammed, Zeid, Morgan, Karen, Savage, Loi, Singh, Baldev, Wood, Josh, H Nemeth, Andrea, Siuda, Gill, Valentine, Ruth, Dixon, Kathryn, Armstrong, Richard, Harrison, David, Hughes, Max, Large, Sandra, O Donovan, John, Palmer, Amy, Parkinson, Andrew, Soltysiak, Beverley, Timings, Leanne, Williams, Josh, Bandmann, Oliver, Bradbury, Alyson, Fairtlough, Helen, Fillingham, Kay, Foustanos, Isabella, Gill, Paul, Kazoka, Mbombe, O'Donovan, Kirsty, Nevitt, Louise, Quarrell, Oliver, Taylor, Cat, Tidswell, Katherine, Gowers, Lesley, Powell, Kingsley, Bethwaite, Pamela, Edwards, Rachel, Fuller, Kathleen, Phillips, Michelle, Cubo, E., Ramos-Arroyo, M. A., Martinez-Horta, S., Martinez-Descalls, A., Russo, C. V., Calvo, S., Gil-Polo, C., Biologie Neurovasculaire et Mitochondriale Intégrée (BNMI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université d'Angers (UA), Ramos-Arroyo, María A., Martínez-Descalls, Asunción, Calvo, Sara, and Gil-Polo, Cecilia

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Registrie, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Aging, Heterozygote, Genetic counseling, Motor Disorders, Disease, Severity of Illness Index, 03 medical and health sciences, Cognition Disorder, 0302 clinical medicine, Trinucleotide Repeats, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Registries, Allele, Motor Disorder, Alleles, Huntingtin Protein, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, business.industry, Medicine (all), Trinucleotide Repeat, Cognition, Genetic Status, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Europe, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, 030104 developmental biology, Huntington Disease, Case-Control Studies, Cohort, medicine (all), neurology (clinical), controlled clinical trial (topic), Quality of Life, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, Case-Control Studie, Cognition Disorders, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Human
Abstract

International audience; OBJECTIVE: There is controversy about the clinical consequences of intermediate alleles (IAs) in Huntington disease (HD). The main objective of this study was to establish the clinical manifestations of IA carriers for a prospective, international, European HD registry.METHODS: We assessed a cohort of participants at risk with RESULTS: Of 12,190 participants, 657 (5.38%) with CONCLUSIONS: Although aging worsened the UHDRS scores independently of the genetic status, IAs might confer a late-onset abnormal motor and cognitive phenotype. These results might have important implications for genetic counseling.CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: NCT01590589.

Published
2016

44. Interaction of neuropsychiatric symptoms with APOE ε4 and conversion to dementia in MCI patients in a Memory Clinic.

Author

Sergi, Valero, Marta, Marquié, De Itziar, Rojas, Ana, Espinosa, Sonia, Moreno-Grau, Adelina, Orellana, Laura, Montrreal, Isabel, Hernández, Ana, Mauleón, Maitée, Rosende-Roca, Montse, Alegret, Alba, Pérez-Cordón, Gemma, Ortega, Natalia, Roberto, Angela, Sanabria, Carla, Abdelnour, Silvia, Gil, Juan Pablo, Tartari, Liliana, Vargas, and Ester, Esteban-De Antonio

Subjects
NEUROBEHAVIORAL disorders, APOLIPOPROTEIN E, DEMENTIA patients, MILD cognitive impairment, PROPORTIONAL hazards models
Abstract

To date, very few studies have been focused on the impact of the convergence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and APOE ε4 on the conversion to dementia in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment patients (MCI), and none has been based in a clinical setting. The objective of the study is to determine the predictive value of additive and multiplicative interactions of NPS and APOE ε4 status on the prediction of incident dementia among MCI patients monitored in a Memory Clinic. 1512 patients (aged 60 and older) with prevalent MCI were followed for a mean of 2 years. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed at baseline using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were calculated. Additive interactions for depression, apathy, anxiety, agitation, appetite, or irritability and a positive ε4 carrier status were obtained, significantly increasing the hazard ratios of incident dementia (HR range 1.3–2.03). Synergistic interactions between NPS and APOE ε4 are identified among MCI patients when predicting incident dementia. The combination of the behavioral status and the genetic trait could be considered a useful strategy to identify the most vulnerable MCI patients to dementia conversion in a Memory Clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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