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Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of mortality in its invasive stages, presenting a significant global public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Despite technological advancements that have improved the quality of cervical images captured during visual inspections, several challenges persist. This article presents key findings from the CITOBOT-COL translational research project, a large-scale initiative focused on designing CITOBOT as a portable cervical cancer screening device. We detail the comprehensive technological development of CITOBOT, guided by a human-centered design approach, smart prototyping, and the integration of AI. Over four design iterations, we developed and refined CITOBOT v4, a portable device. Prototypes were validated through focus groups and testing by experts in cervical cancer prevention, gynecology, nursing, software, artificial intelligence, computer engineering, and public health, utilizing various anatomical models at the Simulated Hospital Laboratory of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Colombia. Additionally, we developed AI algorithms using the Inception V3 network, optimized with Transfer Learning and Fine Tuning, for cervical image classification and offline-operating software that guides the physician through the examination and provides a risk assessment for cervical cancer. Feedback was crucial in assessing and refining the device's functionality, focusing on capturing high-quality cervical images. The development of CITOBOT v4 highlights the importance of fostering innovation in resource-limited settings, offering an effective solution to improve cervical cancer screening and potentially save lives in vulnerable communities.

Introduction: The six-minute walk test is a stress test that provides information about exercise tolerance in chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to develop reference equations with normal values for the test in healthy children aged 6–12 years in our paediatric reference population. Patients and methods: The six-minute walk test was carried out in a sample of 236 healthy children, analyzing pre- and post-test variables, and we developed reference equations selecting variables that turned out to be significant (P

The athlete’s perception of internal and external information seems to be crucial for the prevention of sports injuries and the self-regulation of healthy states. The goal of this cross-sectional study was to explore the relationship of athlete’s psychosomatic intelligence with injuries and mind-body practices. After obtaining the ethical approval, 217 young soccer players responded to a Psychosomatic Competence questionnaire assessing six dimensions: stress experience and stress regulation (SER), body-related health literacy (BHL), body-related cognitive congruence (BCC), mentalization (M), interoceptive awareness (IA) and general self-regulation (GSR). Mann–Whitney analysis was performed to detect potential differences of the items of these dimensions with three factors: (i) previous serious injuries, (ii) current injuries and (iii) mind-body practices. The main findings showed higher item-rating of: (a) IA by those previously and currently injured, (b) M by those currently injured and (c) SER, BHL, BCC and M by those engaged in mind-body practices. In conclusion, previous and current injuries appear to act as protective mechanisms linked to heightened IA, while mind-body practices seem effective educational strategies to promote self-regulation, detection and communication of health-related symptoms. Future research is warranted to focus on strategies for developing psychosomatic intelligence to prevent sports injuries in young players.

El Síndrome de Sjögren (SS) es una enfermedad autoinmune de carácter sistémico, que afecta principalmente al sistema glandular exocrino, generando un funcionamiento anormal de las glándulas lacrimales y salivales. Objetivo: proporcionar una actualización sobre la identificación de nuevos biomarcadores y mecanismos moleculares implicados en la fisiopatogénesis del SS. Método: Revisión narrativa de la literatura en diferentes bases de datos, mediante la búsqueda de términos descritos incluidos en los tesauros MESH y DeCs, para artículos publicados a partir del año 2018. Resultados: presentamos evidencia que destaca la identificación de nuevos biomarcadores y mecanismos implicados en la fisiopatogénesis del SS, describiendo las vías de: linfocitos B, catepsina S, cistatina C, quimioquina C-X3-C modificada de ligando 1, quimiocina regulada por activación del timo, células T, proteína morfogenética ósea 6, estimulación del receptor de oxitocina, receptor de zinc, calponina-3. Conclusión: los avances en la tecnología facilita el análisis detallado de la genética y fisiopatogénesis del SS, impulsando el desarrollo de terapias específicas. La búsqueda de biomarcadores no invasivos responde a las limitaciones de los métodos existentes y la invasividad de las biopsias salivales, prometiendo mejoras diagnósticas y terapéuticas

Agility appears to be an important skill in the downhill sections of trail running; however, its actual role in the performance of this sport is unknown. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation of reactive agility (RA) and certain biomechanical parameters with the performance of runners when performing trail running descents. Nine amateur trail runners (four women and five men) performed a session of change of direction, RA, and 15 m linear sprint tests. In a second session, they performed a trail running race of 400 m with a negative elevation gain of 40 m. The relationship between the variables obtained in both sessions was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The results revealed significant correlations of performance during the trail running descent, with the time of the 15 m linear sprint (r = 0.77, ρ ≤ 0.05.), 5 m linear sprint (r = 0.79, ρ ≤ 0.05.), and with the reaction time in the reactive agility test with a sport-specific stimulus (r = 0.82, ρ ≤ 0.05.). The correlations found in the tests suggest that reactive agility skills and acceleration abilities have a significant relationship with performance on downhill sections in trail running.

Summary: Background & Aims: Patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) develop an acute inflammatory response that leads to a catabolic state. This increases the nutritional requirements and, consequently, the risk of malnutrition and related complications. Severe infection also leads to increased length of hospital stay, patient deconditioning, and mortality. Therefore, this study aims to establish if existing nutritional parameters should be considered in the multidisciplinary treatment of patients severely infected with SARS-COV-2. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional observational study was done. Adult patients with severe SARS-COV-2 infection who required management in the intensive care unit (ICU) needing invasive ventilatory support were included. A descriptive analysis was performed, followed by a bivariate data analysis. The primary outcomes were mortality and nutrition intolerance. Results: One hundred ninety-four patients with severe SARS-COV-2 infection who required invasive mechanical ventilation were included. The overall mortality was 52.57%, and intolerance to nutrition was present in 24.74% of the patients. Mortality was higher in patients with lower caloric intake (P

In clinical practice, it is not rare to encounter situations in which parents and families are asked to leave the child alone with the health care team in rooms full of devices throughout the performance of procedures, which at times may give rise not only to conflicts but, more importantly, emotional sequelae in children or adolescents.We conducted a narrative review of the literature by searching the digital library of the public health care system of Andalusia for articles concerning the experiences of health care professionals and families with the accompaniment of paediatric patients during health care procedures. We restricted the search to studies published in Spanish or English and conducted in humans.The review evinced the need to humanise care in order to improve care quality. The need to accompany minors is supported by the evidence from works that have analysed the factors involved in the persistence of these behaviours and attitudes in both professionals and parents. We consider it necessary to develop institutional policies and appoint mediators to compile the statements of different national and international societies, taking into account legal aspects but, above all, the pertinent values from a health care ethics perspective, and in pursuit of the best interests of the child. Resumen: En la práctica clínica no es infrecuente observar situaciones asistenciales en los cuales se invita a progenitores y familia a dejar a los menores en soledad junto al equipo asistencial en estancias repletas de tecnología durante la realización de procedimientos, dando lugar en ocasiones a conflictos, pero sobre todo con consecuencias emocionales en los niños o adolescentes.Se ha realizado una revisión narrativa de la literatura mediante búsqueda bibliográfica en la biblioteca virtual del sistema sanitario público de Andalucía siendo los criterios de inclusión utilizados, estudios que conciernen a las experiencias de profesionales sanitarios y familiares sobre el acompañamiento de la población pediátrica en los procedimientos asistenciales. El resultado de la búsqueda se limitó a estudios en español, inglés y en humanos.Esta revisión, pone de manifiesto la necesidad de humanizar la asistencia sanitaria para mejorar la calidad de la atención. Se justifica la necesidad de acompañamiento de los menores, a través de trabajos que han analizado los factores que intervienen en la permanencia de estas conductas y actitudes tanto por profesionales como padres. Se recomienda la necesidad de políticas institucionales y figuras mediadoras que recojan las declaraciones de algunas sociedades nacionales e internacionales teniendo en cuenta aspectos legales pero sobre todo los valores en juego desde una ética del cuidado y búsqueda del interés superior del menor.

Air pollution is recognized by the World Health Organization as the major environmental threat; therefore, air quality is constantly being monitored by monitoring stations. However, the most common atmospheric pollutants being monitored do not include pollen. Among the reasons for the lack of pollen control is that there are different types and sizes of pollen. The largest particles commonly being monitored by air monitoring stations have a maximum aerodynamic diameter of 10 microns, while the aerodynamic diameter of most pollen grains is known to range from 10 to 100 microns. For this reason, most pollen is not being detected by air monitoring stations. For the patents found in a literature review, monitoring pollen concentration in the air requires the discrimination of pollen grains from particulate matter of a similar size, as well as the identification of the type of pollen grains detected, since different pollen types may produce different effects, such as allergic reactions, asthma, and lung cancer, in exposed people. In this work, 15 patent documents regarding pollen monitoring were identified and reviewed using three search engines: Google Patents, WIPO’s PatentScope, and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) database. The extracted data from the patents included whether they differentiate pollen type, pollen size, and sensor type and whether they provide real-time data. The results show that 93.33% of the patents identify pollen type, while 80% of the patents identify pollen size. Most of the patents use light-scattering and image sensors and use image processing techniques to analyze particles. Furthermore, 40% of the patents were found to implement artificial intelligence. Further, it was found that only nine patents provide real-time data, which is an important feature of an air monitoring system.

Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare aggressive soft tissue sarcoma, which can be distal or proximal types. The classic form (distal-type) of epithelioid sarcoma mainly occurs in teenagers and young adults. A rarer form, called large-cell (proximal-type) epithelioid sarcoma, tends to be more aggressive and mainly affects adults. The proximal subtype mostly arises from the proximal pelvis, limbs, and genital tract. We report a case of a 59 -year-old female, presented with a progressively growing mass in the left labia majora. Gynecologic examination revealed a 2 cm mobile and painless mass that was not attached to deep planes. The histological study showed a multinodular tumor was seen comprising sheets of oval to polygonal cells with moderate amount of cytoplasm. Interspersed were larger, rhabdoid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli. On IHC, the tumor cells showed positivity for EMA and CKAE1/AE3 and do not expressed INI-1 in the nucleus. All tumor cells were negative for S-100 protein and CD34. The histopathological diagnosis was soft tissue of the vulvar region with proximal epithelioid sarcoma. The patient received adjuvant external pelvic radiotherapy and brachytherapy in the vulvar bed. Currently, 3 years after diagnosis, the patient does not present signs of tumor recurrence in her controls. Due to its low incidence, there are no evidence-based diagnostic algorithms or published recommendations for treatment. The prognosis is generally poor. A wide excision with clear margins is imperative with options of post-operative CT/RT in individual cases during a close follow-upbehavior, as seen in our case.

El objetivo del artículo es analizar los aportes y dificultades que se derivan de la narrativa violencia sexual como arma de guerra para la prevención de crímenes atroces basados en el género. A pesar de la visibilidad que esta trae sobre la incidencia y las dinámicas relacionadas con la violencia sexual en contextos de conflicto armado, se encontró que los esfuerzos para mejorar la prevención se han visto limitados debido a problemas vinculados con la securitización del discurso, la jerarquización de las formas de daño, el privilegio de enfoques legalistas y militaristas, y la presencia de puntos ciegos en dicha narrativa. La investigación se desarrolló adoptando un enfoque cualitativo, desde una perspectiva hermenéutica, basándose en un diseño de investigación no experimental en el que la revisión de la literatura y el análisis de contenido fueron las principales técnicas de investigación.

Objective: Evaluate the presence of alternative diagnoses in patients presenting with Acute Febrile Syndrome and a negative Dengue IgM test. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of the clinical records of patients who presented to the emergency department of ESE Hospital Universitario San Jorge from Pereira, Colombia with Dengue-like Acute Febrile Syndrome between January 2014 and December 2017. Results: 561 patients attended to the emergency department of a third level care and referral center in Pereira, Colombia with a Dengue-like Acute Febrile Syndrome. One hundred thirty three (23.7%) patients were included in the analysis. The three most common alternative diagnoses were leptospirosis (7.5%), malaria (3.8%) and bacterial bloodstream infection (2.3%). The main AFS presentations were hemorrhagic (34.6%), exanthematic (21.1%) and undifferentiated (21.1%). A statistically significant proportion were from rural origin and coursed with anemia, leukocytosis, hyperbilirrubinemia, icterohemorrhagic and icteric AFS. Acute kidney injury with serum creatinine >2 mg/dl and blood urea nitrogen >25 mg/dl were associated with the finding of alternative diagnosis. Conclusions: The low rate of definitive diagnosis, the low request of tests to exclude Malaria, and the significant proportion of Dengue IgM tests requested within the first 4 days of fever, suggests the need to evaluate clinical practice. Training the Emergency Department personnel in the recognition of Acute Febrile Syndrome, as well as the development of prospective investigations, could lead to improvement of the quality of attention, the outcomes, and higher rates of diagnosis.

Introduction: multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and problems related to medication are common both, in aging people with HIV and in those diagnosed in advanced ages. Objective: To describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, and pro-blems related to medication in patients ≥ 50 years old with new diagnosis of HIV. Methods: A descriptive transversal study. This study included patients ≥ 50-year-old, with new diagnosis of infection with HIV, who attended four HIV healthcare programs in the city of Medellín, Colombia, between January 2013 and December 2016. Results: 493 patients were analyzed. 62.7% (n=309) were in WHO clinical stage 3. 49.5% (n=244) had at least one definitory condition of AIDS, with wasting syndrome (23.7%, n=117) and tuberculosis (16.8%, n=82) being the most frequent ones. At the time of diagnosis, the median of CD4 and viral load was 176 cells/mL (IQR 59-352) and 117,323 copies/mL (IQR 28,237-411,139), respectively. 59% (n=291) had non-infectious comorbidities, with the two most common being arterial hypertension (22.3%, n=110) and dyslipidemia (14.2%, n=70). 66.1% (n=326) of patients had problems related to medication, being the most frequent: drug interactions (61.1%, n=301), polypharmacy with ARV drugs (53.1%), potentially inappropriate medication (7.9%, n=39), and high anticholinergic risk (2.4%, n=12). Conclusion: at the time of diagnosis, HIV-positive older adults frequently have multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and drug interactions. The diagnosis of HIV in this population is very delayed and the presence of opportunistic infections is frequent.

Air pollution is caused by the presence of polluting elements. Ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter (PM) are the most controlled gasses because they can be released into the atmosphere naturally or as a result of human activity, which affects air quality and causes disease and premature death in exposed people. Depending on the substance being measured, ambient air monitors have different types of air quality sensors. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in designing drones as mobile sensors for monitoring air pollution. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive patent review to gain insight into the proprietary technologies currently used in drones used to monitor outdoor air pollution. Patent searches were conducted using three different patent search engines: Google Patents, WIPO’s Patentscope, and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The analysis of each patent consists of extracting data that supply information regarding the type of drone, sensor, or equipment for measuring PM, the lack or presence of a cyclone separator, and the ability to process the turbulence generated by the drone’s propellers. A total of 1473 patent documents were retrieved using the search engine. However, only 13 met the inclusion criteria, including patent documents reporting drone designs for outdoor air pollution monitoring. Therefore, was found that most patents fall under class G01N (measurement; testing) according to the International Patents Classification, where the most common sensors and devices are infrared or visible light cameras, cleaning devices, and GPS tracking devices. The most common tasks performed by drones are air pollution monitoring, assessment, and control. These categories cover different aspects of the air pollution management cycle and are essential to effectively address this environmental problem.

Este artículo abordará la aplicación del régimen especial de condicionalidad (REC) en el Sistema Integral de Verdad, Justicia, Reparación y No Repetición (SIVJRNR), y su relación con la satisfacción de los principios del sistema. Para ello, se plantean aspectos claves como la conceptualización de dicho régimen, y los parámetros considerados por la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz para la aceptación de los compromisos claros, concretos y programados (CCCP) que deben suscribir los comparecientes ante el SIVJRNR. Por esto, se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo de alcance descriptivo con un diseño no experimental que permitió analizar el alcance de la suscripción de los CCCP y el alcance del REC para garantizar medidas de verdad, justicia, reparación y no repetición (VJRNR). De esta forma, se evidencia que el REC, su verificación y cumplimiento son aspectos fundamentales para lograr el alcance restaurativo del SIVJRNR y la eficacia de los mecanismos de VJRNR. No obstante, persisten una serie de falencias administrativas frente al registro de los CCCP, lo que representa una limitación para la participación de las víctimas en la valoración de estos y en el seguimiento de las obligaciones de los comparecientes por parte de la ciudadanía respecto al cumplimiento del régimen de condicionalidad.

En el período comprendido entre 1997 y 2007 se han realizado numerosas investigaciones en el archipiélago Jardines de la Reina, en la región suroriental de Cuba, con el objetivo de realizar inventarios de la biodiversidad. Entre los grupos faunísticos principales se han estudiado los peces y este trabajo presenta el primer inventario de la ictiofauna en este grupo insular. La identificación de los peces se realizó principalmente in situ, mediante buceo autónomo y buceo libre. La ictiofauna de Jardines de la Reina está compuesta por 251 especies. Las familias más diversas son Serranidae, Carangidae, Haemulidae, Labridae y Scaridae. Se observa elevada abundancia y talla de los grandes depredadores de las familias Serranidae, Lutjanidae, Sphyraenidae y Carangidae y con frecuencia tiburones. En Jardines de la Reina está representada el 24% de la ictiofauna cubana, el 25% de los peces estrictamente marinos, el 18% de los Chondrichthyes y el 26% de los peces óseos. La diversidad de taxones en Jardines de la Reina es mayor que la observada en la región noroccidental y nororiental de Cuba, mientras que las familias más diversas son en general las mismas que en otros lugares aunque el orden varía entre una región y otra.

El discurso reproducido, también llamado discurso referido o citado, es un tema de gran interés en los estudios del lenguaje. El objetivo de este artículo es describir y analizar los mecanismos sintáctico-semánticos y las funciones pragmático-discursivas, mediante las cuales los hablantes de la zona cafetera caldense construyen sus narrativas conversacionales intercalando discursos directos, indirectos o libres. La descripción y el análisis se logran gracias a un corpus compuesto por 36 narrativas conversacionales. En los resultados, se observa, que el porcentaje de frecuencia de uso del discurso directo supera al del indirecto. Además, se resalta la presencia de los marcadores introductores de cita: dizque y esque. Finalmente, se concluye que el presente trabajo se convierte en el primer estudio del discurso reproducido llevado a cabo en las zonas rurales cafeteras del departamento de Caldas.

Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: La hipoglucemia neonatal ofrece múltiples controversias. El objetivo del estudio es valorar los principales factores y circunstancias ambientales implicadas en el desarrollo de la hipoglucemia neonatal precoz. Métodos: Estudio analítico prospectivo de una cohorte de recién nacidos entre 34 + 1 y 40 + 6 semanas de edad gestacional. Se realizó una determinación de glucemia capilar a las dos, cuatro y ocho horas de vida. Tamaño muestral: 207; 59 neonatos desarrollaron hipoglucemia. Resultados: Prenatalmente, los factores con mayor influencia fueron la diabetes gestacional con mal control glucémico, gemelaridad y edad gestacional. La presencia de líquido amniótico meconial y el nacimiento por cesárea programada se asociaron a mayor probabilidad de hipoglucemia. Postnatalmente, el contacto precoz piel con piel, la succión al pecho, la iluminación tenue y la normotermia fueron factores protectores. El modelo predictivo que combinó tipo de iluminación, temperatura corporal y cifra de exceso de bases clasificó correctamente al 98% de los casos de hipoglucemia grave, con un R2 de Nagelkerke de 0,645 y especificidad del 99,5%. Conclusiones: Los factores postnatales ambientales parecen estar relacionados de forma directa en el desarrollo de la hipoglucemia precoz, por lo que el apoyo a la unión maternofilial y a la lactancia materna es fundamental. Nuestros resultados permiten una mejor identificación de los neonatos que no son subsidiarios de realizar controles de glucemia por tener poco riesgo de desarrollarla. Abstract: Introduction and objective: Neonatal hypoglycemia offers multiple controversies. The study aims to assess the main factors involved in the development of early hypoglycemia in term and late preterm infants, and the implication of different environmental circumstances. Methods: A prospective cohort study, in infants born between 34 0/7 weeks and 36 6/7 weeks of gestation. Three capillary blood glucose determinations were performed during the eight first hours after birth. Sample size: 207; 59 neonates developed hypoglycemia. Results: Prenatal risk factors include gestational diabetes with poor glycemic control, twin pregnancy and gestational age. The presence of meconium amniotic fluid and planned cesarean delivery are associated with a higher probability of hypoglycemia. After birth, skin to skin contact, breastfeeding, soft lightening, and normothermia are described as protective factors. The predictive model that combines the type of lightening, body temperature and the excess of bases level, correctly classifies 98% of the severe hypoglycemia cases, with a high Nagelkerke R2 value (0.645) and specificity of 99.5%. Conclusions: Postnatal environmental factors seem to be directly related to early hypoglycemia development, so it is essential to support the maternal–child union and breastfeeding. Our results allow better identification of neonates who are not subsidiary to performing blood glucose determinations because they have little risk of developing it.

Introduction and objective: Neonatal hypoglycemia offers multiple controversies. The study aims to assess the main factors involved in the development of early hypoglycemia in term and late preterm infants, and the implication of different environmental circumstances. Methods: A prospective cohort study in infants born between 34 0/7 weeks and 36 6/7 weeks of gestation. Three capillary blood glucose determinations were performed during the eight first hours after birth. Sample size: 207, 59 neonates developed hypoglycemia. Results: Prenatal risk factors include gestational diabetes with poor glycemic control, twin pregnancy and gestational age. The presence of meconium amniotic fluid and planned cesarean delivery are associated with a higher probability of hypoglycemia. After birth, skin to skin contact, breastfeeding, soft lightening, and normothermia are described as protective factors. The predictive model that combines the type of lightening, body temperature and the excess of bases level, correctly classifies 98% of the severe hypoglycemia cases, with a high Nagelkerke R2 value (0.645) and specificity of 99.5%. Conclusions: Postnatal environmental factors seem to be directly related to early hypoglycemia development, so it is essential to support the maternal-child union and breastfeeding. Our results allow better identification of neonates who are not subsidiary to performing blood glucose determinations because they have little risk of developing it. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: La hipoglucemia neonatal ofrece múltiples controversias. El objetivo del estudio es valorar los principales factores y circunstancias ambientales implicados en el desarrollo de hipoglucemia neonatal precoz. Métodos: Estudio analítico prospectivo de una cohorte de recién nacidos entre 34 + 1 y 40 + 6 semanas de edad gestacional. Se realizó determinación de glucemia capilar a las 2, 4 y 8 horas de vida. Tamaño muestral: 207, 59 neonatos desarrollaron hipoglucemia. Resultados: Prenatalmente, los factores con mayor influencia fueron la diabetes gestacional con mal control glucémico, gemelaridad y edad gestacional. La presencia de líquido amniótico meconial y el nacimiento por cesárea programada se asociaron a mayor probabilidad de hipoglucemia. Postnatalmente, el contacto precoz piel con piel, la succión al pecho, la iluminación tenue y la normotermia fueron factores protectores. El modelo predictivo que combinó tipo de iluminación, temperatura corporal y cifra de exceso de bases clasificó correctamente al 98% de los casos de hipoglucemia grave, con un R2 de Nagelkerke de 0,645 y especificidad del 99,5%. Conclusiones: Los factores postnatales ambientales parecen estar relacionados de forma directa en el desarrollo de hipoglucemia precoz, por lo que el apoyo a la unión maternofilial y a la lactancia materna es fundamental. Nuestros resultados permiten una mejor identificación de los neonatos que no son subsidiarios de realizar controles de glucemia por tener poco riesgo de desarrollarla.

Global cervical cancer incidence and mortality have remained a major public health problem. Depending on the quality and coverage of preventive programs, and the capacity of health care systems, different screening tests are used, with the Pap smear being the most widely implemented. Several difficulties have been reported in accessing timely detection, causing late cervical cancer diagnosis. Trying to close these gaps, new screening devices have been developed in recent years; however, there is a lack of knowledge about whether or not women perspective has been included in the design process and technological development of these devices. This scoping review aimed to describe and synthesize scientific literature on women's critical experiences with Pap smears to prospectively contribute to the design, development, and scale-up of cervical cancer screening devices. The electronic databases Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO and SciELO were searched for relevant studies published between 2012 and 2021; finally, 18 qualitative studies were included. Experiences were classified into four categories: fear and embarrassment, speculum pain and discomfort, outcome distress and health service barriers. Critical experiences before, during, and after the test were analyzed in turn. In particular, during the test, women reported pain associated with the use of the speculum. The acceptability of new screening devices will largely depend on comfort during the test and timely delivery of results. This review provides a useful qualitative synthesis, not only to advance the design of novel devices but also for future implementation research in cervical screening services.

Introducción. La mortalidad perioperatoria en el mundo representa 4,2 millones de muertes anuales. El cuarto indicador de The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery permite estandarizar la mortalidad perioperatoria. En Colombia, existen aproximaciones por datos secundarios, limitando el análisis y las intervenciones aplicables a nuestra población. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la mortalidad perioperatoria a través de datos primarios que permitan sustentar políticas públicas. Métodos. Se hizo el análisis preliminar de un estudio observacional, de cohorte prospectiva, multicéntrico en 6 instituciones del departamento de Tolima. Se incluyeron los pacientes llevados a procedimientos quirúrgicos por una semana, con posterior seguimiento hasta el egreso, fallecimiento o 30 días de hospitalización. La mortalidad perioperatoria fue el desenlace primario. Resultados. Fueron incluidos 378 pacientes, con mediana de 49 años (RIC 32-66), buen estado funcional (ASA I-II 80 %) y baja complejidad quirúrgica (42 %). Las cirugías más comunes fueron por Ortopedia (25,4 %) y Cirugía plástica (23,3 %). El 29,7 % presentaron complicaciones postoperatorias, las más comunes fueron síndrome de dificultad respiratoria agudo e íleo postoperatorio. La mortalidad perioperatoria fue de 1,3 %. Discusión. La mortalidad perioperatoria discrepó de la reportada en otros estudios nacionales, aun cuando los pacientes tenían un bajo perfil de riesgo y baja complejidad de los procedimientos. Sin embargo, coincide con la reportada internacionalmente y nos acerca a la realidad del país. Conclusión. La determinación del cuarto indicador es de vital importancia para mejorar la atención quirúrgica en Colombia. Este es el primer acercamiento con datos primarios que nos permite tener información aplicable a nuestra población.

Bacillus clausii is a gram-positive rod used as a probiotic to treat diarrhea and the side effects of antibiotics such as pseudomembranous colitis. We report a case of B. clausii bacteremia in a non-immunocompromised patient with active peptic ulcer disease and acute diarrhea. The probiotic was administered during the patient´s hospitalization due to diarrhea of infectious origin. B. clausii was identified in the bloodstream of the patient through Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) days after her discharge. Given the wide use of probiotics, we alert clinicians to consider this microorganism as a causative agent when signs of systemic infection, metabolic compromise, and hemodynamic instability establish after its administration and no pathogens have been identified that could explain the clinical course.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) visual analysis is a common task performed by a healthcare specialist as a cardiovascular-diseases pre-diagnostic technique. However, when an ECG specialist analyzes long-time duration records (such as a 24-h Holter), the task becomes tiresome, complicated, and a probable erroneous diagnostic. This article presents a cloud-based application called PÉEK that helps healthcare specialists automatically detect normal and abnormal heartbeats on ECG registers using Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). In order to illustrate the functionality of PÉEK, we present the analysis of set ECG traces from the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. This software can detect with a 99.09% accuracy normal heartbeats, premature ventricular contractions (PVC) beats, and others (Premature Atrial Contraction, Left Bundle Branch Block, and Right Bundle Branch Block).

En la actualidad los adultos mayores viven en una sociedad de comunicación e información por la introducción generalizada de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs). Por lo que, la tecnología está directamente relacionada con el modelo de desarrollo, entre el crecimiento económico y el desarrollo social. Por lo anterior, consideramos que es importante capacitar al adulto sobre el uso de las TICs . En este artículo presentamos las lecciones aprendidas al capacitar durante cuatro años consecutivos a 80 adultos mayores sobre el uso TICs. La capacitación consistió en talleres temáticos prácticos impartidos por estudiantes de las carreras de tecnologías de la información. Los cuales se centraban en la enseñanza de aplicaciones relacionadas con pagos de servicios (p. ej. electricidad), procesos gubernamentales y de servicios (p. ej. expedición de acta de nacimiento en línea, y comunicación (p. ej. uso de redes sociales). Las lecciones aprendidas fueron las siguientes: (1) Se debe sensibilizar a los participantes sobre el proceso de envejecimiento; (2) Utilización de un lenguaje asertivo para el trabajo con adultos mayores; (3) Informar al adulto mayor sobre el beneficio del uso de las TICs; (4) Ofrecer al adulto mayor un acompañamiento psicosocial para proveer retroalimentación inmediata durante su capacitación; y finalmente, (5) Propiciar el aprendizaje colectivo a través de grupos de interés sobre las TICs.

Introduction: Although primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is rare in childhood, it is the most frequent cause of thrombocytopenia. There have been attempts to establish risk factors to predict the progression of the disease in order to optimise its management, which has changed in recent years due to, among other reasons, specialised care. Material and methods: A retrospective, observational and analytical study was conducted on patients diagnosed with ITP over a 3-year period in a Paediatric Haematology specialist clinic. Results: From the epidemiological, clinical and analytical point of view, the characteristics of this group are similar to others. Most of the patients (23/31, 74.2 %) had ITP for less than 12 months, with there being no serious complications related to the disease or the treatment received. It was established that risk factors were related to being slowly evolving (lower event-free survival (EFS)) with no statistical significance, female gender, age over 10 years, leukopenia absence of initial severe thrombocytopenia, and non-specialised care. The absence of a history of infection was significantly related to a lower EFS. Conclusions: The epidemiological and analytical risk factors for a slowly evolving ITP are the same that described in the literature. Patients treated before the beginning of specialised care also had a lower EFS. These data seem to support the current recommendation that rare diseases should be managed in specialised units. Resumen: Introducción: La trombopenia inmune primaria (PTI) es poco frecuente en la infancia, pero es la causa más habitual de trombopenia. Se han intentado establecer factores de riesgo para predecir su evolución, con el objetivo de poder optimizar su manejo, que se ha modificado en los últimos años, debido entre otros factores, a una atención más especializada. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y analítico de los pacientes con PTI, en un periodo de 3 años, en una consulta especializada en Hematología Pediátrica. Resultados: Desde el punto de vista epidemiológico, clínico y analítico, las características de esta serie son similares a las de otros grupos. La mayoría de los pacientes (23/31; 74.2 %) presentaron una PTI de duración menor de 12 meses, sin complicaciones graves relacionadas con la enfermedad ni con el tratamiento. Se establecieron como factores de riesgo relacionados con una evolución tórpida (supervivencia libre de eventos (SLE) menor), sin alcanzar la significación estadística, el sexo femenino, la edad mayor de 10 años, la leucopenia, la ausencia de trombopenia grave inicial y la atención no especializada. La ausencia de antecedente de infección se relacionó significativamente con una SLE menor. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo de evolución tórpida de PTI epidemiológicos y analíticos de este estudio coinciden con los descritos en la literatura. Presentaron una SLE menor los pacientes tratados antes del inicio de la atención especializada. Estos datos parecen apoyar la recomendación actual de que las enfermedades poco frecuentes, como ésta, se controlen en unidades especializadas.

Resumen: Introducción: La trombocitopenia inmune primaria (PTI) es poco frecuente en la infancia, pero es la causa más habitual de trombocitopenia. Se han intentado establecer factores de riesgo para predecir su evolución, con el objetivo de poder optimizar su manejo, que se ha modificado en los últimos años, debido, entre otros factores, a una atención más especializada. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y analítico de los pacientes con PTI, en un periodo de 3 años, en una consulta especializada en Hematología Pediátrica. Resultados: Desde el punto de vista epidemiológico, clínico y analítico, las características de esta serie son similares a las de otros grupos. La mayoría de los pacientes (23/31; 74,2%) presentaron una PTI de duración menor de 12 meses, sin complicaciones graves relacionadas con la enfermedad ni con el tratamiento. Se establecieron como factores de riesgo relacionados con una evolución tórpida (supervivencia libre de eventos [SLE] menor), sin alcanzar la significación estadística, el sexo femenino, la edad mayor de 10 años, la leucopenia, la ausencia de trombocitopenia grave inicial y la atención no especializada. La ausencia de antecedente de infección se relacionó significativamente con una SLE menor. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo de evolución tórpida de PTI epidemiológicos y analíticos de este estudio coinciden con los descritos en la literatura. Presentaron una SLE menor los pacientes tratados antes del inicio de la atención especializada. Estos datos parecen apoyar la recomendación actual de que las enfermedades poco frecuentes, como esta, se controlen en unidades especializadas. Abstract: Introduction: Although primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is rare in childhood, it is the most frequent cause of thrombocytopenia. There have been attempts to establish risk factors to predict the progression of the disease in order to optimise its management, which has changed in recent years due to, among other reasons, specialised care. Material and methods: A retrospective, observational and analytical study was conducted on patients diagnosed with ITP over a 3-year period in a Paediatric Haematology specialist clinic. Results: From the epidemiological, clinical and analytical point of view, the characteristics of this group are similar to others. Most of the patients (23/31, 74.2%) had ITP for less than 12 months, with there being no serious complications related to the disease or the treatment received. It was established that risk factors were related to being slowly evolving (lower event-free survival (EFS)) with no statistical significance, female gender, age over 10 years, leukopenia absence of initial severe thrombocytopenia, and non-specialised care. The absence of a history of infection was significantly related to a lower EFS. Conclusions: The epidemiological and analytical risk factors for a slowly evolving ITP are the same that described in the literature. Patients treated before the beginning of specialised care also had a lower EFS. These data seem to support the current recommendation that rare diseases should be managed in specialised units.

Introduction More than 300 million surgical procedures are performed each year. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after major surgery and is associated with adverse short-term and long-term outcomes. However, there is a large variation in the incidence of reported AKI rates. The establishment of an accurate epidemiology of surgery-associated AKI is important for healthcare policy, quality initiatives, clinical trials, as well as for improving guidelines. The objective of the Epidemiology of Surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury (EPIS-AKI) trial is to prospectively evaluate the epidemiology of AKI after major surgery using the latest Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consensus definition of AKI.Methods and analysis EPIS-AKI is an international prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study including 10 000 patients undergoing major surgery who are subsequently admitted to the ICU or a similar high dependency unit. The primary endpoint is the incidence of AKI within 72 hours after surgery according to the KDIGO criteria. Secondary endpoints include use of renal replacement therapy (RRT), mortality during ICU and hospital stay, length of ICU and hospital stay and major adverse kidney events (combined endpoint consisting of persistent renal dysfunction, RRT and mortality) at day 90. Further, we will evaluate preoperative and intraoperative risk factors affecting the incidence of postoperative AKI. In an add-on analysis, we will assess urinary biomarkers for early detection of AKI.Ethics and dissemination EPIS-AKI has been approved by the leading Ethics Committee of the Medical Council North Rhine-Westphalia, of the Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster and the corresponding Ethics Committee at each participating site. Results will be disseminated widely and published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences and used to design further AKI-related trials.Trial registration number NCT04165369.

El presente artículo se deriva de los resultados de una investigación7 que tuvo por objeto de estudio describir las prácticas pedagógicas interculturales y el desarrollo de competencias ciudadanas en instituciones educativas rurales de dos municipios del Centro del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Se desarrolló bajo un enfoque mixto, con diseño no experimental de corte transversal de alcance descriptivo, mediante la aplicación de encuestas, entrevistas y el análisis documental sobre educación rural. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron evidenciar que los promedios en los resultados de la prueba Saber en competencias ciudadanas de los grados quinto de la zona rural son mayores que los obtenidos por los niños de la zona urbana y bajan cuando llegan al grado noveno y once. Se identificaron varios factores del contexto educativo rural, los más relevantes son el deterioro del tejido sociocultural y el proceso migratorio como consecuencia del conflicto armado y el narcotráfico que ha vivido el país; otro factor es la aplicación de un modelo educativo homogeneizante que genera pérdida de identidad con la cultura rural. Además, se concluye que la formación de competencias ciudadanas no es homogénea en los municipios objeto de estudio, pero en todas ellas se encontró que es fundamental formar en y para el diálogo edificando procesos culturales con identidad, alteridad y resiliencia.

Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de independencia funcional de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiaca durante su proceso de recuperación. Materiales y Método: Investigación con enfoque cuantitativo y estudio de tipo analítico longitudinal prospectivo. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por personas mayores de 18 años, sometidas a cirugía cardiaca programada, en una institución de salud de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Se aplicó un cuestionario para las variables sociodemográficas y el procedimiento quirúrgico, además se utilizó el instrumento de independencia funcional de Granger y Hamilton traducido al español por Paolinelli. Se realizó un análisis univariado, bivariado y se usó la regresión de la mediana como prueba multivariada no paramétrica. Resultados: El total de participantes fue de 33. El 50% tenía 64 años. El 66.7% fueron hombres. Se encontró que el 57.6% eran hipertensos y el 12.1% diabéticos. El 54.5% se sometió a bypass coronario. Se evidencia una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre cada una de las mediciones de la independencia funcional (p

The aim of this study was the evaluation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pollen production during the 2021 and 2022 seasons in the Mexicali Valley, Mexico. Twelve seed-propagated male palms of 20 years of age and similar vigor were selected and grouped into four groups with phenotypic characteristics of the common female cultivars in the area (Medjool, Deglet Noor, Khadrawy, and Zahidi). The pollen was extracted manually, with average production among all individuals of 780.94 and 777.11 g, in 26 and 24 inflorescences, respectively, for each year. Likewise, the flowering period on average was 47 and 41 days for each year. The pollen extracted from the earliest four inflorescences averaged 38.7 and 32.55 g, while that of the latest one produced 10.70 g and 18.28 g for each year, respectively. Seedling male palms with a phenotype similar to the Deglet Noor cultivar produced the greatest amount of pollen with 1250.98 and 1114.26 g on average for each year, produced during a late, short flowering period. Likewise, those palms with phenotypes similar to the Medjool cultivar produced the second-highest amount of pollen with 851.28 and 866.43 g on average for each year, produced during an early, long flowering period. Finally, an in vivo viability test through the fruit set percentage, revealed that the use of any of these four pollen sources would be suitable for the pollination of the recipient female cultivar Medjool, the most widely cultivated variety in Mexico. These results will allow date producers to select and propagate better pollen-producing male palms.

Nowadays, harvesting, sorting, and packaging fruit and vegetables are still done manually, despite the hard work this represents. The features that experts commonly use to sorting the date palm fruit are size, color, shape, and texture. Recently, it has started to design and develop artificial vision systems that consider the criteria of size, color, shape, and texture to automate these processes. However, the development of these systems is complex due to the lack of labeled datasets that facilitate the creation of models to locate, recognize and classify palm date fruit. This dataset is entitled Medjool, an image dataset of different sizes and maturity levels of Medjool dates. Researchers may use this data to develop a model for automatic location, recognition, classification, and visual counting of the Medjool dates on trays taking into account their visual features such as shape, color, size, and texture. This dataset was collected from the first-round harvest at Palmeras RQ Ranch in Mexicali, Mexico. Images acquisition was performed in natural light. The dataset comprises 2,576 annotated images in two formats, YOLO and PascalVOC format.

La verdad es un elemento en los procesos de justicia transicional que permite la consecución de otros elementos como son el de justicia, reparación y no repetición. En ese contexto, la presente investigación pretende establecer qué verdad jurídica es la que se aplica, pretendiendo determinar si corresponde a las denominadas verdad real o verdad procesal. Desde otro lado, se busca establecer si la verdad es un instrumento para no olvidar la ocurrencia de hechos que son objeto de justicia transicional o si tiene como fin la determinación del quantum de reparación. Por lo anterior, la pregunta jurídica a resolver es: ¿la verdad en la justicia transicional es de carácter real o procesal? Así las cosas, se trata de determinar qué se entiende por verdad y explorar cómo se ha estudiado y qué modalidades existen. El método de investigación es del orden descriptivo-cualitativo, haciendo énfasis en los conceptos sobre verdad que se soportan en fuentes formales del derecho. La parte descriptiva de esta investigación analiza el funcionamiento de algunas instituciones que hacen parte del proceso de paz colombiano adelantado con las Farc-EP. A manera de ejemplo, las comisiones de la verdad.

La determinación de los caudales ecológicos en fuentes es de gran importancia para el manejo de ríos y embalses, pues se puede determinar la oferta hídrica de las fuentes y ver si son aptas para los diferentes aprovechamientos antrópicos que se quieran realizar. Aunque se han adelantado algunos estudios para determinar los caudales ecológicos en cuencas de la región, los resultados obtenidos no tienen en cuenta la variabilidad hidrológica que se presenta durante el año.A partir de series de lluvia medidas por la estación Olaya durante un periodo de 20 años y parámetros geomorfológicos de la cuenca, se estimó la evapotranspiración, infiltración y escorrentías. Luego se realizó un balance hidrológico para establecer series de caudales medios. Con las series estimadas se construyó un modelo, con el fin de determinar los caudales ecológicos, mediante el método de Rango de Variabilidad Aproximado (RVA), para años de regímenes climáticos normales y con fenómenos del Niño y La Niña. El modelo puede ser replicado para otras cuencas que presenten condiciones similares, al introducir nuevos datos de precipitación y caudal.

This article presents the design process of innovative prototypes for cervical cancer prevention in primary care centers located in low-income settings in Cali, Colombia, using the Human-Centered Design (HCD). The project was developed in collaboration with a public healthcare network comprised of 38 urban and rural centers with women between the ages of 25 and 65 years, healthcare providers of the cancer program, healthcare administrators and the general manager of said network. Our HCD process involved five stages: research, need synthesis, ideation and co-design process, prototyping and in-context usability testing. In practice, some of the stages are overlapped and iterated throughout the design process. We conducted observations, open-ended interviews and conversations, multi-stakeholder workshops, focus groups, systematic text condensation analyses and tests in real contexts. As a result, we designed four prototypes: (1) 'Encanto': An educational manicure service, (2) 'No le des la espalda a la citología': A media-based strategy, (3) An educational wireless queuing device in the waiting room, and (4) Citobot: A cervical cancer early detection device, system, and method. The tests carried out with each prototype showed their value, limitations and possibilities in terms of subsequent development and validation through public health research or clinical research. We recognize that a longer-term evaluation is required in order to determine whether the prototypes will be used regularly, integrated into cervical cancer screening services and effectively improve access to cytology as a screening test. We conclude that HCD is a useful for design-based prevention in the field of cervical cancer. The integration of this approach with public health research would allow the generation of evidence during to the formulation of policies and programs as well as optimize existing interventions and, ultimately, facilitate the scalability and financing of what actually works.

With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), Low Data Rate-Personal Area Networks (LR-WPAN) have been deployed for different applications. Now comes the need to integrate these networks in search of greater connectivity, performances, and geographic coverage. This integration is facilitated by the recent deployment of low power wide area networks (LPWAN) in the licensed bands, especially narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) and long-term evolution for machine-type communications (LTE-M), which are standardized technologies that will continue evolving as part of the fifth generation (5G) specifications. This paper proposes a design methodology for combined networks using LR-WPAN and LPWAN technologies. These networks are combined at the device level using a cluster-tree topology. An example is shown here, where an existing IEEE 802.15.4 network is combined with NB-IoT. To this end, new dual nodes are incorporated, acting as cluster heads. The paper discusses the different aspects of formation and operation of the combined network. A dynamic link selection (DLS) algorithm is also proposed, based on which cluster headers dynamically determine the preferred link, depending on link quality and type of traffic. Extensive simulations show that the DLS algorithm significantly increases battery life on dual nodes, which are the nodes with the highest power demands.

Date palm pollen (DPP) plays a very important role in the fertilization process, since its viability and the pollination method influence on the quality, development, and yield of the fruit. In the present study, a broad review of its main characteristics, consumption, and DPP production are presented, as well as a description of its extraction methods and viability tests. The evolution of the pollination methods used in the date palm is also presented, from its natural pollination to the use of specialized mechanical and electrical devices, as well as the use of dry DPP and the current trend towards the use of DPP in liquid suspension. Likewise, the efficiency of the methods of natural pollination (wind); traditional (strands placement); dusting hand; dusting with manual, mechanical, or electric pollinator; and liquid pollination were evaluated from the fruit set percentage (FSP). Finally, starting from a scientometric analysis, the pollination methods were widely discussed, concluding that the dusting spraying of pollen suspension with liquid DPP is the pollination method that commonly presents the highest FSP, followed by dusting dry DPP with a motorized pollinator.

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have proven their efficiency in various applications in agriculture. In crops such as date, they have been mainly used in the identification and sorting of ripe fruits. The aim of this study was the performance evaluation of eight different CNNs, considering transfer learning for their training, as well as five hyperparameters. The CNN architectures evaluated were VGG-16, VGG-19, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, ResNet-152, AlexNet, Inception V3, and CNN from scratch. Likewise, the hyperparameters analyzed were the number of layers, the number of epochs, the batch size, optimizer, and learning rate. The accuracy and processing time were considered to determine the performance of CNN architectures, in the classification of mature dates’ cultivar Medjool. The model obtained from VGG-19 architecture with a batch of 128 and Adam optimizer with a learning rate of 0.01 presented the best performance with an accuracy of 99.32%. We concluded that the VGG-19 model can be used to build computer vision systems that help producers improve their sorting process to detect the Tamar stage of a Medjool date.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pollen source on the nutritional composition of seeds of the ‘Medjool’ date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) under conditions of northwest Mexico. The content of nutrients (protein, lipids, fiber, and ash), sugars (total, reducing, and non-reducing), and most abundant minerals, were evaluated, as well as antioxidant activities. The pollen of four cultivars (‘Deglet Noor’, ‘Khadrawy’, ‘Medjool’, and ‘Zahidi’) was selected. Four groups of three bunches were pollinated in each of the female palms. For the four treatments, the following ranges were obtained: Seeds had a weight of 1.32−1.41 g and low concentrations of protein (4.44−5.49 g/100 g) and lipids (9.62−10.19 g/100 g). The content of dietary fiber and ash was 59.65−72.59 g/100 g and 1.09−1.42 g/100 g, respectively. Total sugars content was 4.50−6.96 g/100 g, while the insoluble solids were 92.21−96.03 g/100 g. The predominant mineral was potassium with 399.97−459.79 mg/100 g dry weight, followed by sulfur with 135.51−162.67 mg/100 g dry weight. Finally, for antioxidant activities, DPPH (2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) assay results were 0.0014−0.0094 IC50 g/L and 0.176−0.299 IC50 g/L, respectively. The pollen sources had an effect on the physicochemical properties of the seeds of the ‘Medjool’ cultivar date. However, some of the parameters (diameter, total acidity, pH) did not show statistically significant differences. The pollen sources from the ‘Khadrawy’ and ‘Medjool’ cultivars were the ones that induced differences in physical, proximate, and nutritional parameters, while pollen from the ‘Zahidi’ source induced the largest differences for minerals. The results suggest that selection of the source of pollen has a significant effect on the nutritional properties of the date seed from the cultivar ‘Medjool’, and that its use could be feasible as a functional food or by-product of the date production.

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) es un patógeno emergente causante de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos de consumo masivo principalmente cárnicos y lácteos. Actualmente se buscan diferentes estrategias para su control, entre ellas compuestos naturales producidos por otros microorganismos como ácidos orgánicos y otros compuestos como lactoferrina, lisozima y bacteriocinas, estas últimas producidas por especies de bacterias como Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp). El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de cepas de Lp aisladas de suero costeño sobre el control de crecimiento de L. monocytogenes inoculada en co-cultivos. Se realizaron curvas de crecimiento para Lm, Lp 60-1 y Lp 62-1 y co-cultivos de cada Lp con Lm. La cinética de crecimiento fue evaluada determinando la viabilidad durante 24h en agares selectivos. La tasa de crecimiento de L. monocytogenes inoculada como control en leche UHT y en co-cultivos, presentaron diferencias significativas (p

In this paper, we present the development of an infrastructure-less indoor location system (ILS), which relies on the use of a microphone, a magnetometer and a light sensor of a smartphone, all three of which are essentially passive sensors, relying on signals available practically in any building in the world, no matter how developed the region is. In our work, we merge the information from those sensors to estimate the user’s location in an indoor environment. A multivariate model is applied to find the user’s location, and we evaluate the quality of the resulting model in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Our experiments were carried out in an office environment during summer and winter, to take into account changes in light patterns, as well as changes in the Earth’s magnetic field irregularities. The experimental results clearly show the benefits of using the information fusion of multiple sensors when contrasted with the use of a single source of information.

Aurelio González y Axayácatl Campos García Rojas (eds.), Amadís y sus libros: 500 años, México: El Colegio de México, 2009, 336 pp.

User indoor positioning has been under constant improvement especially with the availability of new sensors integrated into the modern mobile devices, which allows us to exploit not only infrastructures made for everyday use, such as WiFi, but also natural infrastructure, as is the case of natural magnetic field. In this paper we present an extension and improvement of our current indoor localization model based on the feature extraction of 46 magnetic field signal features. The extension adds a feature selection phase to our methodology, which is performed through Genetic Algorithm (GA) with the aim of optimizing the fitness of our current model. In addition, we present an evaluation of the final model in two different scenarios: home and office building. The results indicate that performing a feature selection process allows us to reduce the number of signal features of the model from 46 to 5 regardless the scenario and room location distribution. Further, we verified that reducing the number of features increases the probability of our estimator correctly detecting the user’s location (sensitivity) and its capacity to detect false positives (specificity) in both scenarios.

Wireless fidelity (WiFi) networks are deployed in several varied environments all around the World. Usually, the wireless fidelity access points are always on in houses and other small companies. In buildings of large companies and public organizations and in university campuses the number of access points is elevated; they are powered using power over the ethernet and are always on. Consequently, they consume a considerable amount of electric energy. The last versions of the International Electric and Electronic Engineers 802.11 standardized procedures to save energy in a wireless fidelity terminal but not in the access point. We designed a formal method to show when energy can be saved in wireless fidelity access points considering different power supplies for the access point: an electric energy battery and a standard voltage supply. We use an external battery that stores electric energy during an interval of time from a standard voltage supply (Charge period). After that interval (Discharge period), the energy supply for the access point is the external battery. Those intervals of time are repeated sequentially (Charge and Discharge cycles). We verified our formal model implementing a hardware circuit that controls the power supply for the access point. The amount of energy saving for a large number of of access points during a long period of time is considerably high.

This work presents the development and construction of an adaptive street lighting system that improves safety at intersections, which is the result of applying low-power Internet of Things (IoT) techniques to intelligent transportation systems. A set of wireless sensor nodes using the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.4 standard with additional internet protocol (IP) connectivity measures both ambient conditions and vehicle transit. These measurements are sent to a coordinator node that collects and passes them to a local controller, which then makes decisions leading to the streetlight being turned on and its illumination level controlled. Streetlights are autonomous, powered by photovoltaic energy, and wirelessly connected, achieving a high degree of energy efficiency. Relevant data are also sent to the highway conservation center, allowing it to maintain up-to-date information for the system, enabling preventive maintenance.

El objetivo de la presente nota es presentar un breve análisis sobre la literatura reciente relacionada con el problema de la formación de precios. Se distinguen tres líneas de investigación; por un lado, aquella que reagrupa los juegos estratégicos de mercado, por otro lado, un conjunto de textos que tienen que ver con los juegos de encuentro y negociación y, finalmente, los trabajos que se refieren a la creatividad del mercado. Se muestra que estas líneas de investigación presentan resultados satisfactorios y otros resultados un tanto desalentadores. El conjunto de esta literatura tiene el mérito de subrayar el interés que tiene el problema de la formación de los precios en el avance de la teoría económica.

La alta morbimortalidad en aneurismas intracraneales exige la identificación rápida de los síntomas de alarma y el tratamiento oportuno en caso de ruptura. De ahí la importancia de las imágenes diagnósticas para identificar a los pacientes en riesgo y definir el manejo endovascular o quirúrgico. Revisamos los criterios para el uso del stent redireccionador de flujo en aneurismas intracraneales, método endovascular que reduce las comorbilidades, el tiempo quirúrgico y la estancia hospitalaria. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de 2010 a 2012 de siete casos. Se presentan las complicaciones siendo la cefalea y la trombosis posterior al procedimiento las más frecuentes. El tratamiento endovascular es seguro, eficaz e innovador y por tanto puede implementarse y difundirse. Abreviaturas: AI, aneurisma (s) intracraneal (es).

We present the geographical and altitudinal distribution of the Gerridae family on the western slopes of the Western Cordillera of Andes in southwestern Colombia. The specimens were captured in different water bodies, eight sampling sites, during 2009 and 2010. Taxonomic composition was analyzed with respect to geographical and altitudinal range, biomes and the similarity between areas. The geographical distribution of the Gerridae is related to geographic area, foothills and Plain Pacific, altitudinal range (0-2000 masl) and features of type of biome. The communities of Gerridae from Pacific Plain are in the same zonobioma but differ in taxonomic composition due to differences in water bodies and microhabitats own. On the other hand we show the inverse relationship between altitude and species richness. ANÁLISIS DE LA DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA DE LAS GERRIDAE (HEMIPTERA, GERROMORPHA) EN LOS ANDES DEL SUROESTE DE COLOMBIA Se presentan la distribución geográfica y altitudinal las Gerridae en la vertiente occidental de la Cordillera Occidental, suroccidente de los Andes de Colombia. La captura de especimenes se realizó en cuerpos de agua en ocho sitios de muestreo, durante los años 2009 y 2010. Se analizó la composición taxonómica respecto al rango geográfico y altitudinal, los biomas y la similitud entre áreas. La distribución geográfica de las Gerridae esta relacionada con el área geográfica, rango altitudinal (0-2000m) y tipo de bioma. Las especies de la Planicie del Pacífico a pesar de encontrarse en el mismo Zonobioma difieren en su composición taxonómica debido a diferencias en los cuerpos de agua y michohábitats característicos. Se evidencia la relación inversa entre la altitud y la riqueza de especies.