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espanolResumen: Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de Trastorno por Estres Postraumatico (TEPT) acorde a los criterios DSM-IV-TR en ninos espanoles expuestos a abuso cronico, y establecer las diferencias en TEPT entre ninos tutelados y expuestos a violencia de pareja contra la mujer. Metodo: 211 menores (8-17 anos) (Grupo abusado; EG=102, Grupo control; CG=109). Resultados: La prevalencia de TEPT fue 1.8% en grupo control y 16.7% en ninos abusados. La prevalencia de TEPT es significativamente mas alta en EG que en CG. Entre los ninos no hubo diferencias significativas entre EG y CG, y en las ninas fue significativamente mas alta en EG que en CG. Conclusion: los ninos expuestos a violencia de pareja tienen la misma prevalencia de TEPT que los ninos victimas directas de abuso y es mucho mayor que la encontrada en poblacion general. Es necesaria una mayor coordinacion entre los servicios judicial, social y sanitario para proteger la infancia EnglishAbstract: Objective: To estimate the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) according to DSM-IV-TR criteria in Spanish children exposed to chronic abuse, and to establish the differences in PTSD between children in care and those exposed to intimate partner violence. Method: A total of 211 children (8-17 years old) (Abuse Group; EG=102, Control Group; CG=109). Results: The prevalence of PTSD was 1.8% in the control group and 16.7% in abuse children. The PTSD prevalence is significantly higher in EG than in CG. Among boys there was no significant difference between EG and CG, and in girls was significantly higher in EG than CG. Conclusion: Children exposed to intimate partner violence have the same prevalence of PTSD as direct victims of abuse and it is far higher than that found in the general population. A greater coordination among judicial, social and health services is necessary with the aim of protecting children

Reliability generalization (RG) is a meta‐analytic approach that aims to characterize how reliability estimates from the same test vary across different applications of the instrument. With this purpose RG meta‐analyses typically focus on a particular test and intend to obtain an overall reliability of test scores and to investigate how the composition and variability of the samples affect reliability. Although several guidelines have been proposed in the meta‐analytic literature to help authors improve the reporting quality of meta‐analyses, none of them were devised for RG meta‐analyses. The purpose of this investigation was to develop REGEMA (REliability GEneralization Meta‐Analysis), a 30‐item checklist (plus a flow chart) adapted to the specific issues that the reporting of an RG meta‐analysis must take into account. Based on previous checklists and guidelines proposed in the meta‐analytic arena, a first version was elaborated by applying the nominal group methodology. The resulting instrument was submitted to a list of independent meta‐analysis experts and, after discussion, the final version of the REGEMA checklist was reached. In a pilot study, four pairs of coders applied REGEMA to a random sample of 40 RG meta‐analyses in Psychology, and results showed satisfactory inter‐coder reliability. REGEMA can be used by: (a) meta‐analysts conducting or reporting an RG meta‐analysis and aiming to improve its reporting quality; (b) consumers of RG meta‐analyses who want to make informed critical appraisals of their reporting quality, and (c) reviewers and editors of journals who are considering submissions where an RG meta‐analysis was reported for potential publication. Funding for this study was provided by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of the Spanish Government and by funds from the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER; Project No. PSI2016- 77676-P).

This study assessed the effectiveness of a social contact program between young adults and adolescents with and without mental health problems. It was evaluated if the development of a social contact program in a non-segregated space and respecting criteria of contact hypothesis reduced Self-Stigma and Public Stigma and, increased Self-Esteem. A pre-post intervention design was used with a sample of 47 subjects, 25 with different mental health diagnoses (Psychotic Disorder, Anxiety Disorder, Depression, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and 22 without mental health problems, aged between 15 and 35 years. Five workshops of social contact and creativity were carried out during five months with a 2-h weekly meeting. The results analysis revealed a significant reduction in Self-Stigma for participants with mental health problems and may suggest a slight reduction in Public Stigma as well as a slight increase in the level of Self-Esteem of all participants. These findings suggest that programs of this nature reduce Self-Stigma and facilitate social inclusion in young adults and adolescents with and without mental health problems.

espanolEl presente trabajo tiene como finalidad determinar la utilidad de una escala en la prediccion de la reincidencia de los delincuentes juveniles. Se realizo un estudio longitudinal con una muestra de 258 delincuentes juveniles que se hallaban cumpliendo una medida judicial. El instrumento que evaluo la prediccion de la reincidencia fue el Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory, cuyo resultado de su adaptacion al castellano es el Inventario de Gestion en Intervencion para Jovenes (IGI-J). Los jovenes delincuentes reincidentes y no reincidentes puntuaron de la forma esperada en los valores obtenidos en la prueba. No obstante, los resultados indican que el IGI-J identifica a todos los sujetos no reincidentes, pero fracaso en la identificacion de los reincidentes. Se analiza la posible razon de este resultado asi como la contribucion de esta prueba en el contexto de la prediccion del riesgo en menores y en la elaboracion de programas de intervencion EnglishThis paper presents a study oriented to analyze the utility of a scale in the prediction of juvenile offenders’ recidivism. It was carried out a longitudinal study in a sample of 258 juvenile offenders that were serving a educative measure imposed by a juvenile court. The selected instrument was the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory, adapted to spanish with the tittle of Inventario de Gestion en Intervencion para Jovenes (IGI-J). The recidivist juvenile offenders showed a higher score than the non-recidivist, but the inventory failed in order to predict with accuracy the subjects that committed a new offence after two years of follow-up. It is analyzed the possible causes of this result, as well as the contribution of the IGI-J in the context of the risk assessment in juvenile justice and in the elaboration of programs of intervention

This article sets out a psychological intervention on an Olympic shooter. She competes in the air gun class and shows high levels of stress, anxiety, burnout syndrome and desires to retire from the sport. The main objective was to cut down the symptoms of anxiety and to enhance her sporting performance. The intervention lasted twelve months and was followed up for six months. The psychological training was composed of target-setting techniques, cognitive restructuring, thought stopping training, self instruction and relaxation and visualisation techniques. After the psychological intervention, the burnout syndrome disappeared and stress and anxiety indicators improved which meant that the shooter’s sporting performance increased and her desire to retire started to disappear. This research underscores the importance of psychological training in sport.

La forma en la que los adolescentes se enfrentan el estrés es un importante componente de la salud y el bienestar. La adolescencia es una etapa del desarrollo en la que se presentan cambios físicos y psicológicos, en la cual los adolescentes se enfrentan a variadas situaciones que son fuente de problemas y preocupaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir y comparar las estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés que informan usar cuando están en problemas. Se trabajó con una muestra de 1228 adolescentes pertenecientes a 7 colegios de Montevideo, con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 19 años, mediante un diseño transversal descriptivo-comparativo. Todos los participantes contestaron la Forma Específica de la Escala de Afrontamiento al Estrés para Adolescentes (ACS). Los resultados indicaron diferencias significativas en las variables sexo y edad.

Diving is an activity that is carried out in an extreme environment with extraordinary psychophysical demands. It requires the divers to undergo an adaptive process in order to survive, to be able ...

The main objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between peer school victimization and some risk and protection factors and to compare the differences by role in victimization with those of non-involved bystanders. Our participants were 1,264 secondary students (M = 14.41, SD = 1.43) who participated voluntarily, although an informed consent was requested. A logistic regression model (LR) was used in order to identify the victim’s potential risks and protective factors related to non-involved bystanders. A multiple LR and a forward stepwise LR (Wald) were used. The results showed the variables related to the victim profile were: individual features (to be male, to be at the first cycle of compulsory Secondary Education and a few challenging behaviors), school environments (i.e., school adjustment), family environment (parental styles like authoritarianism) and social environment (i.e., friends who occasionally show a positive attitude toward drug consumption and easy access to drugs, access to drugs perceived as easy, rejection by peers or lack of social acceptance and social maladjustment). The results of the study will allow tackling prevention and intervention actions in schools, families, and social environment in order to improve coexistence at school and to assist the victimized students in the classroom.

International audience; Oxylipins are lipid mediators involved in the physiopathology of all organs. Moreover, isoprostanes have been established as general and reliable in vivo oxidative stress biomarkers. Red wine has proved to exert several benefits through the maintenance of the oxidative balance of the organism. Antiradical scavenging capacity has been mainly attributed to polyphenols. However, melatonin and hydroxytyrosol should be taken into account as potent antiradical agents. The present research aimed to clarify the situation of enzymatic and oxidative injury and eicosanoid urinary excretion related to the intake of three kinds of red wines and their primary musts. Judging by the reduction in the excretion of isoprostanes, red wine consumption exhibited the highest antioxidant protection against oxidative stress, attributed to its OHTyr content (p < 0.05), and to a lesser extent to its MEL content. Similarly, the intake of red wine leads to the cardioprotective effect due to the reduction in the urinary excretion of the pro-inflammatory prostaglan-din 2,3-dinor-11-β-PGF 2α , besides the increase in the vasodilator prostaglandin PGE 1 , mediated by the melatonin (p < 0.05) and hydroxytyrosol (p < 0.05) contents. In conclusion, red wine (especially non-aged wine) exerts a higher in vivo antioxidant capacity than must or alcohol.

Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia del trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) en menores al mes y al año del terremoto de Lorca, en 2011. Métodos: Mediante un diseño secuencial-transversal, 495 escolares al mes y 374 al año, de entre 8 y 12 años de edad, procedentes de centros educativos de la ciudad, fueron evaluados para TEPT completo y parcial utilizando la Children Postraumatic Stress Disorder Symtoms Scale. Resultados: El 55,4% de los menores (65,6% niñas y 46,9% niños) presentaba TEPT al mes del seísmo, y el 40,1% (44,5% niñas y 35,9% niños) al año. Una de cada dos niñas pequeñas (8-10 años) presenta TEPT al año del terremoto. Discusión: Se constata un efecto diferencial de sexo y edad: los menores más pequeños, especialmente las niñas, son colectivos de especial riesgo, incluso al año del desastre.

El medio subacuático constituye un entorno extremo que exige un proceso de adaptación humana con demandas psicofisiológicas específicas para garantizar la supervivencia y la actividad productiva. En este trabajo explicativo se analiza, bajo la óptica de los actuales modelos de inteligencia, personalidad y rendimiento, la contribución de las diferencias individuales para explicar la adaptación de personal militar en un entorno estresante. Se verifica, mediante análisis de ecuaciones estructurales, un modelo donde se contemplan los efectos directos de las variables psicológicas sobre la adaptación personal a un medio adverso, comprobando sus relaciones estructurales durante la realización de cursos básicos de buceo militar y su capacidad para predecir un tercio de la varianza de un criterio poco estudiado. De esta manera, se confirma en una muestra de profesionales (N = 575) la relación directa de ajuste emocional, responsabilidad y habilidad mental general con la adaptación subacuática, atribuyendo una relación inversa a reactividad emocional. Estos constructos constituyen el fundamento psicológico para desenvolverse con seguridad y trabajar bajo el agua, contribuyen a la mejora de la adaptación al medio subacuático y favorecen la prevención de riesgos y la seguridad en las actividades de buceo. The underwater environment is an extreme environment that requires a process of human adaptation with specific psychophysiological demands to ensure survival and productive activity. From the standpoint of existing models of intelligence, personality and performance, in this explanatory study we have analyzed the contribution of individual differences in explaining the adaptation of military personnel in a stressful environment. Structural equation analysis was employed to verify a model representing the direct effects of psychological variables on individual adaptation to an adverse environment, and we have been able to confirm, during basic military diving courses, the structural relationships among these variables and their ability to predict a third of the variance of a criterion that has been studied very little to date. In this way, we have confirmed in a sample of professionals (N = 575) the direct relationship of emotional adjustment, conscientiousness and general mental ability with underwater adaptation, as well as the inverse relationship of emotional reactivity. These constructs are the psychological basis for working under water, contributing to an improved adaptation to this environment and promoting risk prevention and safety in diving activities.

The categorical approach of personality disorders (PD) has giv-en way to a dimensional paradigm. Within this, the Five-factor model (FFM) proposes theoretical hypotheses describing personality pathologies and PD empirical prototypes based on the DSM (DSM-PD). Moreover, a methodology to score DSM-PD using the NEO PI-R facets was devel-oped. In this ex post-facto study FFM-PD count norms were developed using data from the NEO PI-R Spanish adaptation. Furthermore, the di-agnostic agreement with the IPDE and validity of FFM-PD counts was analyzed in a clinical (n = 222) and non-clinical sample (n = 742). Based on NEO PI-R scores, we presented Spanish FFM-PD normative data. FFM-PD benchmarks were highly likely to be exceeded if subjects were classi-fied as a subclinical case in the DSM-PD. Convergent correlations of FFM-PD counts with their equivalent subclinical cases of DSM-PD were statistically significant and outperformed any divergent correlation as well as the average divergent correlations in all FFM-PD. The use of a count technique based on NEO PI-R facets and Spanish FFM-PD normative data facilitate PD understanding and interpretation in various applied psy-chology fields. La concepción categórica de los trastornos de personalidad (TP) ha dado paso al paradigma dimensional, donde el modelo de los Cin-co Factores (MCF) propone hipótesis teóricas para describir la patología de la personalidad y prototipos empíricos de los TP del DSM, además de téc-nicas para valorarlos en base a facetas del NEO PI-R. En este estudio ex post-facto se han elaborado baremos para el recuento de TP-MCF a partir de la adaptación española del NEO PI-R. Además, se ha comprobado la coherencia diagnóstica con IPDE y la validez de los recuentos de TP-MCF en una muestra clínica (n = 222) y otra no clínica (n = 742). A partir de las puntuaciones en NEO PI-R se elaboró el baremo español de los TP-MCF, cuyas cotas significativas son superadas con elevada probabilidad por casos subclínicos detectados con IPDE. Las correlaciones convergentes entre los recuentos de TP-MCF y los equivalentes casos de TP-DSM fueron estadís-ticamente significativas y superaron a cualquier correlación divergente y a la correlación divergente media en todos los TP-MCF. El recuento de face-tas relevantes en TP-MCF y el baremo español resultante facilitan la com-prensión e interpretación de los TP en distintos ámbitos de la psicología aplicada.

Intelligence and personality traits are currently considered effective predictors of human behavior and job performance. However, there are few studies about their relevance in the underwater environment. Data from a sample of military personnel performing scuba diving courses were analyzed with regression techniques, testing the contribution of individual differences and ascertaining the incremental validity of the personality in an environment with extreme psychophysical demands. The results confirmed the incremental validity of personality traits (ΔR2 = .20, f2 = .25) over the predictive contribution of general mental ability (ΔR2 = .07, f2 = .08) in divers’ performance. Moreover, personality ($R_L^2$ = .34) also showed a higher validity to predict underwater adaptation than general mental ability ($R_L^2$ = .09). The ROC curve indicated 86% of the maximum possible discrimination power for the prediction of underwater adaptation, AUC = .86, p < .001, 95% CI (.82–.90). These findings confirm the shift and reversal of incremental validity of dispositional traits in the underwater environment and the relevance of personality traits as predictors of an effective response to the changing circumstances of military scuba diving. They also may improve the understanding of the behavioral effects and psychophysiological complications of diving and can also provide guidance for psychological intervention and prevention of risk in this extreme environment.

To determine the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children after the 2011 earthquake in Lorca (Spain).By using a cross-sequential design, children aged from 8 to 12 years (495 students at 1 month and 374 at 1 year) were assessed for full and partial PTSD using the Post-traumatic Children's Symptoms Stress Disorder Scale.The percentage of children with PTSD was 55.4% (65.6% of girls and 46.9% of boys) at 1 month and 40.1% (44.5% girls and 35.9% children) at 1 year. One in two young girls (8-10 years) had PTSD 1 year after the earthquake.A differential effect was observed due to gender and age, in which younger children, especially girls, were particularly at risk, even 1 year after the earthquake.

We study the relation between the injective dimension of a ring as a module over itself and that of the fixed ring under some group of automorphisms of the ring. In special cases we show how to derive an injective resolution of the fixed ring from an injective resolution of the original ring.

Although the increase of validity is a topic already verified in academic and job performance, we use a criterion rarely referred to in the evaluation of the predictive importance of psychological traits. In order to clarify the relevance of cognitive and non-cognitive traits in the underwater environment, we have analyzed the contribution of intellectual ability to predict the level of underwater performance (Δ R 2 = .072; F (2, 522) = 20.802, p R 2 _ L = .092; X 2 (1) = 42.457, p R 2 = .203; F (8, 514) = 18.678, p R 2 _ L = .345; X 2 (1) = 144.762, p The results confirm the predictive power of the dispositional traits in the underwater environment and support the incremental validity of individual differences in personality, verifying that emotional adjustment and adaptability to the anxiety are protectors against underwater stressors and predictors of effective responses to changing or unforeseen situations of diving.

Mixture models are outstanding procedures to evaluate rater agreement that assume that the objects to be classified by two observers are extracted from a population that is a mixture of two finite subpopulations, the first one representing systematic agreement and the second one random agreement and disagreement. A generalization of the basic mixture model to include four subpopulations representing two latent variables with two classes allows us to preserve its nature (the fit of the model and the systematic subpopulation are the same) and to distinguish a subpopulation for random agreement and two subpopulations for disagreement (one for the upper triangle and the other for the lower triangle of contingency table). In this context, it is possible to define a new rater bias measure based on a mixture model, which is similar to the descriptive index proposed by Ludbrook.

Many proposals from the analysis of social networks focused on the study of scientific collaboration have been made recently. The Small Worlds theory seems to be the most efficient to study the inner features of the scientific community. Those researches have demonstrated that small communities are based on some key individuals who connect some groups which, on the contrary, would be disconnected. One of the disadvantages from the perspective of the analysis of networks is the lack of researches of particular nodes. With the implementation of a pseudocode algorithm of Floyd, we try to avoid this. To study how a small community is formed and, as a research of one case, we observe the invisible college which is formed when connecting the fifteen most productive authors of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology .

Diving is an activity that requires the divers to undergo adaptive proceses to survive and to achieve an efficient performance in the underwater environment. With the aim of verifying the role of individual differences in the adaptation to an extreme environment, psychological data from a sample ( N = 649) of military personnel participating in diving courses were analyzed, checking the differences in their capacity to adapt to the underwater demands and between divers with different levels of performance. The results indicate the existence of psychological variables that differentiate those who pass or fail the diving training ( d = .34) and between groups of divers who obtain different levels of performance ( d = .56) in underwater tasks. These data support the hypothesis that dispositional traits can be predictors of underwater behavior and performance, and that they are useful for the identification of suitable personnel for the practice of professional diving.

The peculiarities and environmental stressors of diving imply the requirement of physical, medical and psychological characteristics needed to adapt to its demands. From the first psychological studies the influence of the cognitive and personality traits to predict performance and adaptation of divers was analyzed, quantifying an effective relationship. Data from a large sample of military personnel performing diving courses have been analyzed, in order to verify the role of individual differences in adaptation to a hostile environment by checking the predictive validity of cognitive and non-cognitive traits. The results indicate the existence of psychological variables that predict performance ( R 2 = .303; F _11_522 = 19.980, p R 2 _ N = .513; X 2 _9 = 19.980, p