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Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) poisoning in cattle is characterized by a systemic granulomatous inflammatory response that resembles a type-IV hypersensitivity reaction. Hairy vetch toxicity has been described in cattle worldwide. The aim of this paper was to describe 10 outbreaks of hairy vetch poisoning in cattle studied at INTA EEA Salta and INTA EEA Balcarce, Argentina, from 2004 to 2019. Clinical signs included weakness, pyrexia, dermatitis, alopecia, and progressive weight loss, which leads to death over a clinical course of approximately two weeks. A total of 12 necropsies were performed and tissue samples were collected for histopathology. The main gross changes were observed in skin, lymph nodes, liver, heart, spleen and kidneys. Other tissues, such as pancreas, thyroid, and adrenal glands, were also affected. Histological lesions consisted of multifocal to diffuse granulomatous inflammation in those organs. The toxicity of hairy vetch has been described in several countries of the world. In Argentina, the use of hairy vetch as a cover crop has become common in some regions during the past years. The data suggest that hairy vetch poisoning is an important disease in cattle. More studies are needed to contribute with further information.

Five adult Saanen goats received a single oral dose of Heterophyllaea pustulata containing 42.25 μg/kg rubiadin (anthraquinone) and 3 adult goats were untreated controls. All goats were exposed to sunlight and sequential ear skin biopsies were collected before treatment and at 32 hours, 3 days, 8 days, and 15 days after treatment. Changes at 32 hours after dosing included epidermal spongiosis, single cell death and acantholysis, an increased BAX/BCL-2 protein ratio, and dermal edema. Lesions at day 3 included epidermal and adnexal necrosis, crust formation, and acanthosis. Acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, and dermal fibrosis and neovascularization were present at day 15. The pro-apoptotic (BAX)/anti-apoptotic (BCL-2) protein ratio increased at 32 hours, whereas epidermal and dermal PCNA immunolabeling increased between days 8 and 15 after treatment. The cutaneous lesions were consistent with sunlight-induced damage, and the occurrence in treated but not control goats indicates photosensitization.

It is well known that several of the swainsonine-containing plant species found widespread around the world have a negative economic impact in each country. In Argentina, most of the information on the poisonous plant species that produce α-mannosidosis is published in Spanish and thus not available to most English speaking researchers interested in toxic plants. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the information about swainsonine-containing plants in Argentina, which are extensively distributed throughout different ecoregions of the country. To date, five species from three genera have been shown to induce α-mannosidosis in livestock in Argentina: Ipomoea carnea subsp. fi stulosa, Ipomoea hieronymi subsp. calchaquina (Convolvulaceae), Astragalus garbancillo, Astragalus pehuenches (Fabaceae), and Sida rodrigoi (Malvaceae). These species contain the indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine, which inhibits the lysosomal enzyme α-mannosidase and consequently affects glycoprotein metabolism, resulting in partially metabolized sugars. The prolonged consumption of these poisonous plants produces progressive weight loss and clinical signs related to a nervous disorder, characterized by tremors of head and neck, abnormalities of gait, difficulty in standing, ataxia and wide-based stance. Histological lesions are mainly characterized by vacuolation of different cells, especially neurons of the central nervous system. The main animal model used to study α-mannosidosis is the guinea pig because, when experimentally poisoned, it exhibits many of the characteristics of naturally intoxicated livestock. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche Fil: Cholich, Luciana Andrea. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Cholich, Luciana Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Martinez, Agustin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Grupo de Sanidad Animal; Argentina Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomía; Argentina Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido. Área de Sanidad Animal; Argentina Fil: Pistán, Maria Elena. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Garcia, Enrique Nicolas. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Robles, Carlos Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Grupo de Sanidad Animal; Argentina Fil: Ortega, Hugo Hector. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; Argentina Fil: Ortega, Hugo Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Gimeno, Eduardo Juan. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Gimeno, Eduardo Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Cooperia curticei, es un nematodo afín a los ovinos que se aloja en el intestino delgado de estos. Su presencia en Argentina ha sido registrada en ambientes como la región semiárida en la Pampa, subhúmeda pampeana en Buenos Aires y en la región subtropical en Corrientes. El objetivo de este trabajo es notificar la presencia de Cooperia curticei en intestino delgado de un ovino proveniente de la localidad de Cerrillos en Salta. En el intestino delgado se determinó una carga de 600 formas adultas de Cooperia spp. Estas fueron identificadas como Cooperia curticei. Como características taxonómicas de relevancia las ramas del rayo dorsal se curvaban hacia atrás mostrando una forma de lira. En cuanto a las espículas, midieron en promedio 146,8 µm (± 5,24), con una concavidad marcada en parte media del cuerpo y con un tallo con una curvatura final similar a un pie. Este hallazgo constituye el primero en su tipo en la región del NOA y demuestra la adaptación de C. curticei a un clima de tipo serrano sub-andino. Este trabajo complementa lo descripto previamente en la región, en donde se menciona la presencia de Cooperia spp en ovinos, sin especificar su especie. Cooperia curticei is a nematode related to sheep that is housed in the small intestine. Its presence in Argentina has been reported in environments such as the semi-arid region in the Pampa, the sub-humid Pampas in Buenos Aires and in the subtropical region in Corrientes. The objective of this work is to report the presence of Cooperia curticei in the small intestine of a sheep from the town of Cerrillos in Salta. A worm burden of 600 adult forms of Cooperia spp. was determined in the small intestine. These were identified as Cooperia curticei. As relevant taxonomic features the branches of the dorsal ray curved backwards showing a lyre shape. As for the spicules, they measured an average of 146.8 μm (± 5.24), with a marked concavity in the middle part of the body and with a stem with a final curvature similar to a foot. This finding is the first of its kind in the NOA region and demonstrates the adaptation of C. curticei to a sub-Andean mountain type climate. This work complement that previously described in the region, where the presence of Cooperia spp. in sheep was described but without species determination. Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido Fil: Olmos, Leandro Hipólito. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal Chaco Semiarido; Argentina. Fil: Olmos, Leandro Hipólito. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Colque Caro, Luis Adrián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal Chaco Semiarido; Argentina Fil: Colque Caro, Luis Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Colque Caro, Luis Adrián. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Avellaneda-Cáceres, Agustín. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Avellaneda-Cáceres, Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Aguirre, Laura Sabrina. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Aguirre, Laura Sabrina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal Chaco Semiarido; Argentina Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Suarez, Victor Humberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal Chaco Semiarido; Argentina.

Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) is a parapoxvirus associated with papular and erosive lesions on the muzzle, lips, and oral mucosa of cattle. BPSV infection occurs worldwide; however, it has still not been unequivocally diagnosed. The present report describes an outbreak of BPSV infection affecting dairy calves in northwestern Argentina and provides the first molecular characterization of this virus in the country. The disease was detected in a dairy farm, affecting 33 calves between 2 and 20 days of age. The signs included reddish papules, ulcers, and scabby proliferative lesions on muzzle, lips, and oral mucosa. The affected calves resisted to being fed due to severe local pain. Two necropsies were performed; papulas and ulcers were observed in ruminal and omasal mucosa. Histologically, the affected areas of the skin showed acanthosis, spongiosis, and parakeratotic hyperkeratosis with adjacent focally extensive ulcers and multifocal inflammatory infiltrate in the epidermis. Eosinophilic inclusion bodies were detected in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. DNA extracted from scab samples was analyzed by PCR using pan-parapoxvirus primers for the B2L gene. The sequence analysis revealed 99%, 85%, and 84% similarity with BPSV, Pseudocowpox virus, and Orf virus, respectively. A phylogenetic tree constructed using the B2L sequence showed that the virus clustered with BPSV isolates. Although clinical cases compatible with BSPV infection have been frequently described in Argentina, the present report is the first to identify the agent associated with cattle disease in the country. Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Salta; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina Fil: Aguirre Castro, Laura Sabrina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Salta; Argentina Fil: Sandoval, Gabriela Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Salta; Argentina Fil: Avellaneda Caceres, Agustin. Universidad Católica de Salta; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Diodati, Julian Angel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina Fil: Peralta, Andrea Verónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, biochemical and toxicological findings of the experimentally poisoning induced by Heterophyllaea pustulata in goats. Ten healthy adult female Saanen breed goats were used in the experiment. The goats were randomly assigned to two groups of five individuals: control and experimental group (CG and EG). Both groups were kept in the same enclosure devoid of shade for 8 h daily. The EG received only H. pustulata samples (leaves and thin steam) and water ad libitum. The CG received lucerne hay. Blood samples were taken at different times after oral administration of vegetal samples, and level of hepatic enzymes, total bilirubin, conjugated and non-conjugated bilirubin was measured, together with the detection of anthraquinones (AQs) and phylloerythrin by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detector and Mass Spectrometry with Electron Spray Ionization and Quadrupole Time Of Fly analysis. At the same time, skin biopsy samples were collected for AQs determinations. For histopathological examination, hepatic biopsy samples were collected on day 8. Clinically, all goats of the EG revealed photophobia, dermatitis and photosensitization. None of these goats developed jaundice or died during the experiment (15 days). In addition, affected goats exhibited a significant elevation in the serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin. Microscopic examination of the liver samples revealed slight degenerative lesions. Although phylloerythrin was not detected in sera, a high level of two predominant AQs in H. pustulata (rubiadin/soranjidiol) were noted between 24 and 72 h after plant consumption, which coincided with the period in which the clinical signs were more obvious. Since those AQs were not identified in skin samples, the clinical findings were supported by the presence of AQs in sera. Finally, toxicological studies of the AQs are important, since many current works suggest their potential use in the photodynamic therapy.

The aim of this paper was to present the first report of Prosopis nigra poisoning of cattle in Argentina. Outbreaks occurred in five farms located in Salta and Santiago del Estero provinces. All animals were examined, euthanized and necropsied. Clinical signs included tongue protrusion, twitches and tremors of muscles of mastication, weight loss and lethargy. Severe atrophy of the masseter, buccinator and lingual muscles was observed, along with neuronal vacuolation in the nuclei of the trigeminal, facial, and hypoglossus nerves. These findings and the clinical signs are consistent with results obtained in animals, spontaneously and experimentally intoxicated with Prosopis juliflora in previous studies. Several species of this genus are native to Argentina. Farmers should be warned about the suspected toxicity by Prosopis nigra, since this species has wide geographical distribution in the country.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los niveles séricos de calcio (Ca), fósforo (P), magnesio (Mg), cobre (Cu), y zinc (Zn) en cabras lecheras en diferentes etapas productivas. Se seleccionaron 20 cabras de raza Saanen en diferentes estadios productivos: preparto (1 a 2 semanas previas al parto), posparto (1 a 2 semanas de lactancia), pico de lactancia (6 a 8 semanas de lactancia posparto) y período de seca (15 a 30 días de finalizada la lactancia) de un establecimiento lechero del valle de Lerma, Salta. Se colectaron muestras de sangre y se midieron los niveles séricos de Ca, Mg, Cu, y Zn empleando espectrofotometría de absorción atómica y P por colorimetría. Se identificó hipocalcemia (7,7±0,2 mg/dL) e hipofosfatemia (3,4±0,4 mg/dL) durante todas las etapas productivas. El Mg, por el contrario, presentó niveles adecuados durante todo el ensayo (2,5±0,06 mg/dL). Con respecto a los microminerales evaluados, solo los niveles séricos de Zn fueron inferiores a los recomendaros en todos los periodos productivos (53±4 µg/dL). Los niveles de Cu estuvieron dentro de los límites normales (53±4 µg/dL). Estos resultados permitieron identificar anormalidades en los niveles de Ca, P y Zn durante los periodos productivos evaluados. La información sobre deficiencias minerales en cabras es escasa y debe estudiarse más al respecto. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in dairy goats in different productive periods. Twenty Saanen breed goats were selected at different productive stages: prepartum (1 to 2 weeks before partum), postpartum (1 to 2 weeks of lactation), peak of lactation (6 to 8 weeks postpartum) and dry period (15 to 30 days of the final lactation) of a dairy farm in the Valle de Lerma, in the province of Salta. Blood samples werecollected and then, Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn levels were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and P was measured by colorimetric. Hypocalcaemia (7,7±0,2 mg/dL) and hypophosphatemia (3,4±0,4 mg/dL) were found in all production stages.In contrast, Mg levels didnot present variation during all the samplings (2.5 ± 0.06 mg / dL).In evaluated micro-minerals, only the serum levels of Zn were lower than those recommended in all the productive periods (53 ± 4 μg / dL). Serum cupper levels were within normal limits (53 ± 4 μg / dL). The obtained results allowed identifying abnormalities in Ca, P and Zn levels during the evaluated productive periods. Information about mineral deficiency in goats is restricted and it is needed to study more about it. EEA Salta Fil: Vitulli Moya, Gabriel. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Vázquez, Victoria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal Chaco Semiarido. Área de Investigación en Salud Animal; Argentina. Fil: Martinez, Gabriela Marcela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina Fil: Colque Caro, Luis Adrián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal Chaco Semiarido. Área de Investigación en Salud Animal; Argentina. Fil: Medina Vallejo, Diego M. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Suarez, Victor Humberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal Chaco Semiarido. Área de Investigación en Salud Animal; Argentina. Fil: Mattioli, Guillermo A. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Laboratorio de Nutrición Mineral; Argentina Fil: Rosa, Diana E. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Laboratorio de Nutrición Mineral; Argentina Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal Chaco Semiarido. Grupo de Patología, Epidemiología e Investigación Diagnóstica-Área de Sanidad Animal; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias; Argentina

La babesiosis es una enfermedad causada por Babesia bovis y Babesia bigemina, integrante del complejo conocido como “Tristeza bovina” y relevante en el Noroeste argentino (NOA). La presentación clínica de esta enfermedad es infrecuente en bovinos jóvenes, a los que se considera parcialmente resistentes a la babesiosis. Este trabajo describe dos casos de babesiosis cerebral en terneros de dos rodeos de cría diferentes, que a la necropsia mostraron ictericia, esplenomegalia y severa congestión cerebral y hemoglobinuria. Estructuras intraeritrocitarias compatibles morfológicamente con B. bovis fueron identificadas en extendidos de sistema nervioso central y sangre periférica teñidos con Giemsa y se confirmó luego la infección por medio de técnicas moleculares. La evaluación del estatus epidemiológico en los rodeos de origen determinó diferentes contextos: uno de los casos fue aislado en un rodeo con estabilidad enzoótica para babesiosis, donde la enfermedad clínica era escasa a pesar de altas tasas de transmisión de B. bovis; el segundo caso ocurrió en un rodeo en situación de brote con niveles significativos de mortandad. La ocurrencia de babesiosis (B. bovis) no había sido descripta todavía en terneros de la Argentina, sumándose ahora al diagnóstico diferencial para esta categoría de bovinos en zonas donde la enfermedad es enzoótica. Bovine babesiosisis a disease caused by Babesia bovisand Babesia bigemina, as part of the tick fever complex and relevant in the Northwest of Argentina. Clinical occurrence of this illness is uncommon in young cattle, considered resistant to babesiosis. This work described two cases of cerebral babesiosis in calves of different beef herds. Jaundice, splenomegaly, severe cerebral congestion and hemoglobinuria was observed at necropsy. Babesia bovis-like structures were identified in cerebral and blood smears Giemsa stainedand confirmed by molecular techniques. Different situations were recognized following the evaluation of the epidemiological status of both herds: the first one was a single case in a herd with enzootic stability for babesiosis, with scarce clinical cases despite high rates of B. bovistransmission; the other case was in a context of outbreak with high level of mortality within a herd susceptible to babesiosis. Clinical babesiosis was not previously described in calves from Argentina. Babesiosis must be taken into account for the differential diagnosis in calves from endemic areas of the disease. Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido Fil: Olmos, Leandro Hipólito. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal Chaco Semiarido; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal Chaco Semiarido; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Morel, Nicolas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina Fil: Bertoni, Emiliano Agustí­n. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; Argentina Fil: Avellaneda-Cáceres, Agustín. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Primo, María Evangelina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Thompson, Carolina Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina Fil: Torioni, Susana Marta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina Fil: Aguirre, Daniel Hector. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; Argentina

Coccidiosis of sheep is an intestinal infection caused by protozoa of the genus Eimeria. An outbreak of the disease in adult sheep from Salta province, northwestern Argentina, was studied to establish its clinical, epidemiological, pathological and etiological aspects. The affected animals were part of a flock of 20 sheep brought from Formosa province about 10 days before. Most sheep (80% incidence) showed hemorrhagic diarrhea, dehydration and loss of body condition; six of them died and two that became permanently recumbent were euthanized. Three necropsied sheep showed mild mesenteric lymphadenomegaly, diffuse proliferative enteritis in the small and large intestines, and mucosal thickening. Histopathological studies exhibited diffuse proliferative enteritis and presence of structures compatible with intracellular coccidia at different stages of development. Parasitological studies (n = 12) resulted in an average of 16,636.6 (± 15,266.8) Eimeria oocysts per gram of feces (range 1680-46,400). Taxonomy of Eimeria species based on analysis of sporulated oocysts derived from 4 fecal samples (n = 100 oocyst per sample) showed, on average, a high prevalence of E. ovinoidalis (61.5%), followed by E. parva (27.2%), and lower proportions of E. crandallis (5.3%), E. ahsata (3.2%) and E. intricata (2.8%). Clinical and pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of coccidiosis in the affected sheep; parasitological results showed that E. ovinoidalis was the main species responsible for the clinical signs. Clinical coccidiosis is considered unusual in adult sheep, but the present case shows that under favorable environmental and/or management conditions, this infection may be highly deleterious for adult sheep.

Lysosomal storage diseases are inherited and acquired disorders characterized by dysfunctional lysosomes. Intracytoplasmic accumulation of undegraded substrates leads to impaired cellular function and death. Several plant species are toxic to livestock because of the presence of indolizidine alkaloids, including swainsonine, which cause a storage disease. Swainsonine-induced nervous disease (i.e., locoism) of sheep and cattle is well recognized in several parts of the world, particularly in the western United States and in parts of Australia. Spontaneous intoxication by Astragalus garbancillo var. garbancillo was suspected in a group of 70 llamas (Lama glama) in Jujuy Province, northwestern Argentina. The animals grazed an area dominated by stands of A. garbancillo var. garbancillo. Clinical signs were staggering, ataxia, hypermetria, and progressive weight loss. The clinical course in individual animals was ~50 d. The main microscopic changes were Purkinje cell degeneration, necrosis, and loss, associated with intracytoplasmic vacuolation, meganeurite formation, and Wallerian degeneration. Specific positive labeling for ubiquitin was observed in axonal spheroids. Composite leaf and stem samples of A. garbancillo var. garbancillo analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography contained 0.03% swainsonine. Based on the microscopic lesions, clinical history, and plant analysis, a diagnosis was made of storage disease caused by consumption of swainsonine-containing A. garbancillo var. garbancillo. EEA Salta Fil: Marín, Raúl E. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencia Agrarias; Argentina. Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta. Área de Sanidad Animal; Argentina. Fil: Vignale, Nilda D. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Fil: Gimeno, Eduardo Juan. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Patología General;Argentina. Fil: O'Toole, Donal. Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory ; Estados Unidos Fil: Gardner, Dale R. USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory; Estados Unidos Fil: Woods, Leslies. University of California–Davis. California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System; Estados Unidos Fil: Uzal, Francisco A. University of California–Davis. California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino; Estados Unidos

Festuca arundinacea es una gramínea perenne de uso forrajero muy difundida mundialmente. Aquí se describe un brote de “pie de festuca” en el Noroeste Argentino que afectó a un rodeo de cría con una incidencia del 5%. Los signos clínicos fueron claudicación, edema en los miembros, gangrena en las extremidades y exungulación. La pastura donde los animales permanecían correspondía a un lote naturalizado de festuca siendo el nivel de infestación con Neotyphodium coenophialum del 71%. El cuadro de pie de festuca es muy conocido pero poco informado en Argentina. En el brote el diagnostico se confirmó por los antecedentes clínicos y epidemiológicos sumado al elevado grado de infestación del hongo en la pastura. La toxicidad de la festuca es un problema mundialmente distribuido y en Argentina ha sido más estudiado en la región centro del país. Los antecedentes de toxicidad de esta especie son escasos y aislados en el Noroeste Argentino. Festuca arundinacea is a perennial grass which use as forage is widespread worldwide. This report describes a “fescue foot” outbreak in the Northwest of Argentina. Beef cattle herd were affected and the incidence was 5%. The clinical signs were claudication, edema in the limbs, gangrene in the extremities and exungulation. The grazing areas where the animals remained corresponded to a natural batch of fescue. Neotyphodium coenophialum infestation level was 71%. The clinical presentation of fescue root is well described but barely reported in Argentina. In the outbreak presented here diagnosis was confirmed by the clinical and epidemiological antecedents as well as the high level of infestation of the pasture. The toxicity of fescue is a worldwide distributed problem. In Argentina, the disease is well known in the central region of the country. Scarce information is available regarding the toxicity of this species for northwestern Argentina.

Bacillary hemoglobinuria (BH) is an acute infectious disease caused by Clostridium haemolyticum, predisposed by different factors and affecting mainly cattle. In this work a retrospective study of bovine BH was performed with the data registered at the Veterinary Diagnostic Service in INTA Balcarce during 1969-2015 and cases reported by private practitioners through the Professional Interaction Programme of the South Buenos Aires Regional Center of INTA during 2001-2007. A marked seasonality during the winter time and an association with advanced pregnancy (88% of the cases) were registered. Fasciolosis is one of the predisposing factors commonly included in the international bibliography. However, only 15.9 % of bovine BH cases analyzed in this work were associated with this parasitosis. In 47.9 % of the affected herds, animals had previously received two doses of BH vaccines. BH is an endemic and insidious disease in certain regions of Argentina. Scarce information about the situation of the disease is available and evident failure in the control measures is reported in this work. These factors demonstrate the difficulties in the prevention and control of the bovine BH and should be further studied. La hemoglobinuria bacilar (HB) es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa, aguda, producida Clostridium haemolyticum, que afecta principalmente a bovinos y es predispuesta por diferentes factores. En este artículo se realiza un estudio retrospectivo de los casos de HB diagnosticados en bovinos de la provincia de Buenos Aires, por el Servicio de Diagnóstico Veterinario Especializado de INTA Balcarce durante el período 1969-2015 y los casos reportados por veterinarios privados en el Programa de Interacción Profesional en el área de influencia del Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur del INTA durante el periodo 2001-2007. Se observó marcada estacionalidad de la enfermedad durante los meses de invierno y una asociación con un avanzado estado de preñez de los animales (88% de los casos). Solo en un 15,9 % de los casos se pudo confirmar una infestación simultánea con Fasciola hepatica en los rodeos donde se diagnosticó la enfermedad. En un 47,9 % de estos episodios los animales habían recibido previamente dos dosis de vacuna contra HB. HB es endémica e insidiosa en ciertas regiones de nuestro país. La información sobre algunos aspectos de su etiopatogenia y el control es escasa, dificultando su prevención. Estas áreas deberían ser exploradas en el futuro para tratar de mejorarlas.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar la epidemiología y el efecto de los nematodes gastrointestinales (NGI) en la recría bovina en la región del chaco semiárido de Salta. Desde marzo 2016 a febrero 2017 se formaron tres grupos de 20 terneras de recría: GMXD tratamiento cada 45 días con moxidectina (200 μg/kg), GIVM 1 solo tratamiento al inicio del ensayo con ivermectina 3,15% LA (630 μg/kg) y GCON control sin tratamiento. Cada 45 días se realizaron conteos de huevos (hpg) de nematodes y coprocultivos y se registró la ganancia de peso vivo (GPV). Al inicio los hpg fueron bajos (̅=102±77) elevándose en el GCON hacia mediados del invierno (̅ =1049±1040), para luego descender hacia el final del ensayo, luego de un pico a mediados de la primavera (̅ =667±928). Los hpg del GIVM mostraron solo un descenso parcial (37,3%) postratamiento y el GMXD siempre tuvo valores de hpg muy bajos, mostrando la eficacia de la moxidectina. Los géneros de nematodes predominantes fueron Haemonchus (47,1%) y Cooperia (45,9%). El efecto de los tratamientos se evidenció desde fines de otoño, mostrando el GMXD una mayor GPV (p

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de brotes de babesiosis y anaplasmosis (tristeza parasitaria bovina, TPB) ocurridos entre 2006 y 2016 en el Noroeste argentino (NOA) para evaluar algunos aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos de estas enfermedades. De 4.398 muestras para diagnóstico, 238 (5,4%) tuvieron sospechas de TPB, las cuales se confirmaron en 106 (44,3%) casos por observación microscópica de los agentes causales. Cuarenta y siete (44,3%) brotes se debieron a Anaplasma marginale, 40 (37,7%) a Babesia bovis y 14 (13,2%) a Babesia bigemina. En cinco (4,7%) focos de babesiosis no se determinó la especie causal de Babesia. Los brotes se diagnosticaron en 62 establecimientos ganaderos de cuatro provincias (Salta, Jujuy, Santiago del Estero y Chaco). La mayoría ocurrieron en verano y otoño, con máxima incidencia en abril y nula en setiembre para ambas noxas. Las vacas adultas fueron la categoría de ganado más afectada. En 58% (61/106) de los brotes murió al menos un bovino, con un número promedio de cuatro muertes por brote. Se concluye que la TPB continúa incidiendo negativamente en la producción bovina del NOA. A retrospective study of babesiosis and anaplasmosis outbreaks (tick fever, TF) was made, which occurred from 2006 to 2016 in Northwest Argentina (NWA), to evaluate clinical and epidemiological aspects of these diseases. From 4,398 specimens, 238 (5.4%) were associated with suspicions of TF and 106 of these cases (44.3%) were confirmed as TF outbreaks by microscopic observation of causal agents. Forty seven (44.3%) were due to Anaplasma marginale, 40 (37.7%) to Babesia bovisand 14 (13.2%) to Babesia bigemina. In five (4.7%) outbreaks of babesiosis, Babesiaspecies were not determined. Outbreaks were diagnosed at 62 different cattle ranches in four provinces (Salta, Jujuy, Santiago del Estero and Chaco). The outbreaks occurred mostly during summer and autumn with a peak of incidence in April and null incidence in September for both diseases. Adult cows were the most affected cattle category. At least one death was recorded in 58% (61/106) of the outbreaks and the average number of deaths was determined as four by outbreak. We conclude that TF maintain its negative historical impact on cattle production of NWA EEA Salta Fil: Araoz, Virginia. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA); Uruguay Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido. Área de investigación en Salud Animal -EEA Salta; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Gaido, Analía Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido. Área de investigación en Salud Animal -EEA Salta; Argentina Fil: Salatin, Antonio Omar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido. Área de investigación en Salud Animal -EEA Salta; Argentina Fil: Aguirre, Daniel Héctor. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido. Área de investigación en Salud Animal -EEA Salta; Argentina

Las deficiencias minerales son un problema de gran impacto productivo a nivel mundial. En el Noroeste argentino (NOA) la cría extensiva es una de las actividades económicas más importantes y está en franco crecimiento. En el NOA, los estudios sobre enfermedades carenciales son escasos y parciales. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto describir variaciones estacionales de los niveles séricos de calcio, fósforo, magnesio, cobre y zinc en vacas de cría y terneras de recría. En un establecimiento ganadero se seleccionaron 20 vacas y 20 terneras que fueron mantenidos en condiciones de pastoreo y sin suplementación externa. Se efectuaron muestreos de sangre a intervalos de 3 meses durante un año. Se determinaron niveles séricos de calcio, magnesio, cobre y zinc por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica y de fósforo por espectrofotometría uv-visible. Los resultados indican la existencia de hipocupremia moderada a leve en las terneras (48,6±11μg/dL) durante todos los períodos muestreados. Las vacas presentaron valores promedio normales (66±3,5 μg/dL) pero cercanos al límite inferior durante algunos muestreos. Se observaron niveles subnormales de fósforo durante el verano (diciembre y marzo) en ambas categorías. Este trabajo sugiere que el cobre y el fósforo pueden comportarse como factores limitantes en las condiciones evaluadas. Mineral deficiencies are a problem of great productive impact worldwide. In the Argentine Northwest (NOA) extensive breeding is one of the most important economic activities and it is in frank growth. In the NOA, studies on deficiency diseases are scarce and partial. The present work aims to describe seasonal variations of serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper and zinc in beef cows and rearing calves. In a farm, 20 cows and 20 weaned heifer calves were selected, which were maintained under grazing conditions and without external supplementation. Blood samples were taken at intervals of 3 months for one year. Serum levels of calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and phosphorus by UV-visible spectrophotometry. The results indicate the existence of moderated hypocupremia in the calves (48.6 ± 11μg / dl) during all sampled periods. Cows presented normal values (66 ± 3.5 μg / dl) but close to the lower limit during some sampling. Subnormal levels of phosphorus were observed during the summer (December and March) in both categories. This work confirms that copper and phosphorus can behave as limiting factors in the evaluated conditions. EEA Salta Fil: Micheloud,Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina Fil: Suarez, Victor Hector. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina Fil: Martinez,Gabriela Marcela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina Fil: Rosa, D.E. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Laboratorio de Nutrición Mineral; Argentina Fil: Ventura, M.B. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Laboratorio de Nutrición Mineral; Argentina Fil: Mattioli, G.A. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Laboratorio de Nutrición Mineral; Argentina

Solanum glaucophyllum, a toxic plant known for its calcinogenic effects, causes enzootic calcinosis in ruminant and monogastric animals. We describe an outbreak of enzootic calcinosis that occurred in a herd of 110 horses grazing pastureland heavily contaminated with S. glaucophyllum in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Ten horses developed clinical signs, and 6 horses died. Clinical signs included abnormal gait (stiff-legged action, short strides), stiffness, thoracolumbar kyphosis, reluctance to move, wide stance, chronic weight loss, weakness, recumbency, and difficulty standing. Autopsy of 2 horses revealed severe mineralization of the aorta, pulmonary arteries, heart, and lungs, consistent with enzootic calcinosis. Although horses usually have very selective grazing behavior, under food restriction conditions, they can ingest the toxic plants and can develop the disease. Enzootic calcinosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in horses grazing S. glaucophyllum–invaded pasturelands with compatible clinical signs and lesions., Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias

Bovine enzootic haematuria (BEH) is caused by prolonged ingestion of toxic principles of bracken fern, essentially by Pteridium spp. In northwestern Argentina, this disease has a great economic impact ant it is attributed a chronic consumption to Pteridium arachnoideum. This paper describes two endemic areas for enzootic hematuria due to the consumption of Pteris deflexa and Pteris plumula. Two areas where P. deflexa and P. plumula are endemic, but free of Pteridium species, were devised and seven farms were visited. The disease was confirmed based on the presence of clinically affected animals. In four necropsies bleeding neoplastic lesions were observed in the mucosa of the urinary bladder. At phytochemical analysis, both ptaquiloside and pterosin B were found in P. deflexa and P. plumula. Thus, the consumption of P. deflexa and P. plumula can also cause BEH.

There are numerous poisonous plants that can induce intralysosomal accumulation of glycoproteins and neurologic syndromes. Here we describe for the first time, a disease caused by ingesting Sida rodrigoi Monteiro in goats in North-western Argentina. The animals showed weight loss, indifference to the environment, unsteady gait and ataxia. Histopathologic studies showed vacuolization in cells of various organs, mainly in the CNS. The material deposited in the cells was positive for LCA (Lens culinaris agglutinin), WGA (Triticum vulgaris agglutinin), sWGA (succinyl-Triticum vulgaris agglutinin) and Con-A (Concanavalia ensiformis agglutinin) lectins. Finally, toxic levels of swansonine were identified in the plant. The present investigation allowed to recognize S. rodrigoi Monteiro poisoning as a plant induced α-mannosidosis. Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Salta; Argentina Fil: Marin, Raúl. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; Argentina Fil: Colque Caro, Luis Adrián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Salta; Argentina Fil: Martinez, Olga Gladys. Universidad Nacional de Salta; Argentina Fil: Gardner, Dale. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Research Service; Estados Unidos Fil: Gimeno, Eduardo Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Patología General Veterinaria; Argentina

Heterophyllaea pustulata Hook f. (Rubiaceae) es una planta fotosensibilizante que produce pérdidas en el Noroeste Argentino. Su efecto tóxico ha sido demostrado en ratones y se identificaron nueve antraquinonas (AQs) con actividad fotodinámica. El presente trabajo de tesis pretendió establecer una correlación toxicocinética entre las principales AQs (rubiadina y soranjidiol), las lesiones histopatológicas y los patrones de proliferación y muerte celular en la epidermis de cabras intoxicadas experimentalmente. Se emplearon 10 cabras adultas que fueron divididas en dos grupos, uno control (GC) y otro tratado (GT). Los animales del GT recibieron hojas y tallos finos secos y molidos de H. pustulata a la dosis de 5 g/kg de peso. El GC, por su parte, recibió una dosis similar de heno de alfalfa molido. Se evaluó el perfil hepático, el daño dérmico, la concentración sérica y dérmica de las dos AQs en ambos grupos. Las muestras de piel y sangre se obtuvieron a diferentes tiempos durante 15 días de iniciado el experimento. Los tejidos fueron procesados por las técnicas histológicas de rutina. La detección de rubiadina y soranjidiol en muestras desuero tejido dérmico y material vegetal se determinó por cromatografía Líquida de Alta Resolución y acoplada a un espectrómetro de masas. Los patrones de proliferación celular se evaluaron mediante inmunohistoquímica con anticuerpos anti-PCNA, BAX2 y BCL2 para identificar células en mitosis y apoptosis respectivamente. Todos los animales del GT expresaron signos clínicos entre las 8-10 h post administración de la planta. Los signos fueron los característicos de un cuadro de fotosensibilización. En cuanto al perfil hepática solo la glutamato-oxalacetato transaminasa (GOT), la bilirrubina directa (BD) y bilirrubina total (BT)) arrojaron modificaciones durante los primeros 5 días. En concordancia, las AQs (soranjidiol y rubiadina) fueron detectadas en suero de todos los animales del GT a partir de las 8 h post administración, siendo sus niveles máximos entre las 24 y hasta las 72 h para luego descender. En piel no se observaron niveles detectables de ninguna de las AQs bajo estudio. En los estudios histopatológicos, inicialmente, se observaron cambios degenerativos, edema e inflamación. El día 8, la necrosis epidérmica fue intensa y comenzaron los fenómenos de reparación, que incluyeron la proliferación vascular y conjuntiva con hiperplasia epidérmica. La expresión de los antígenos BCL2 y BAX fue máxima entre las 32 y 72 h, mientras que el PCNA aumentó su expresión entre los 8 y 15 días. Los resultados de este trabajo demuestran que fotosensibilización puede considerarse como una forma acelerada de daño directo de la piel y que rubiadina y soranjidiol son determinantes en la toxicidad de H. pustulata., Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias

Introducción y Objetivos: Heterophyllaea pustulata (Rubiaceae) crece en el noroeste argentino. Tiene importancia ganadera debido a que produce fotosensibilización en el ganado que la consume. Es por ello que se plantea estudiar la morfoanatomía foliar y caulinar de la especie con el objeto de determinar caracteres estructurales que faciliten la identificación de la planta. M&M: Se tomaron y estudiaron hojas y tallos de plantas adultas jóvenes y plántulas obtenidas a través de cultivos in vitro, mediante técnicas histológicas convencionales. Se presentan imágenes obtenidas con microscopio óptico y electrónico de barrido. Resultados: Los resultados indican que la especie estudiada comparte caracteres morfológicos y anatómicos con otras especies de Rubiaceae, aunque presenta otras que no fueron descritas anteriormente, tales como la epidermis con cutícula estriada y la anatomia del tallo. Conclusiones: Los caracteres diagnósticos que facilitan la identificación de la especie son: margen microdenticulado de la lámina, epidermis con cutícula estriada en hojas y tallos jóvenes, tricomas simples eglandulares, mesófilo con rafidios y drusas, además de las cavidades lisígenas en todos los órganos de la planta. Background and aims: Heterophyllaea pustulata (Rubiaceae) grows in northwestern Argentina. It has livestock importance because it produces photosensitization in the cattle that consume it. That is why it is proposed to study the foliar and caulinar morpho-anatomy of the species in order to determine structural characters that facilitate the identification of the plant.M&M: Leaves and stems of young adult plants and seedlings obtained through in vitrocultures were taken and studied by conventional histological techniques. Images obtained with optical and scanning electron microscopy are presented.Results: The results indicate that the studied species have morphological and anatomical characters similar to other species of Rubiaceae, although it presents others that were not previously described, such as the structure of the epidermis with striated cuticle and the anatomy of the stem.Conclusions: It is found that the diagnostic characters that facilitate the identification of the plant are: microdenticulated margin of the lamina, epidermis with striated cuticle in leaves and young stems, simple eglandular trichomes, mesophyll with raphides and druses, in addition to the lysigenous cavities in all the organs of the plant. Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido Fil: Gallardo, Silvana C. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina Fil: Alemán, María M. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina Fil: Avilés, Zulma J. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina Fil: Colque Caro, Luis Adrián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal Chaco Semiarido. Área de Investigación en Salud Animal; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal Chaco Semiarido. Grupo de Patología, Epidemiología e Investigación Diagnóstica-Área de Sanidad Animal; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Martínez, Olga Gladys. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina

La impactación ruminal y abomasal es una afección de los rumiantes que se produce cuando estos consumen un alimento de muy baja digestibilidad y bajo contenido proteico y energético. En este trabajo, se describe una mortandad debido a esta afección, en vacas de cría en el Noroeste argentino. La pastura donde los animales permanecían correspondía a Megathyrsus maximus cv. Gatton, vulgarmente más conocido como “Gatton Panic”. Los signos clínicos fueron anorexia, pérdida de estado hasta que los animales cayeron sin posibilidades de incorporarse y posteriormente morían. El diagnóstico se confirmó por los antecedentes clínicos, patológicos y epidemiológicos sumados al análisis de la pastura. El cuadro de impactación ruminal y abomasal está bien descripto en la bibliografía, pero ha sido poco reportado en Argentina Ruminal and abomasal impaction is a pathological condition of ruminants that occurs when they consume a food with very low digestibility, low protein and energy content. Ruminal and abomasal impaction was registered in breeding cows in the Argentina northwest grazing Megathyrsus maximus cv. Gatton. The clinical signs were anorexia, loss of body condition, recumbency and death. The clinical presentation of ruminal and abomasal impaction is well described in the bibliography but reports are scarce in Argentina. EEA Salta Fil: Avellaneda-Cáceres, Agustín. Universidad Católica de Salta. Cátedra de Práctica Hospitalaria de Grandes Animales; Argentina Fil: Navarro, Jorge Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Forrajes; Argentina Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal Chaco Semiarido. Grupo de Patología, Epidemiología e Investigación Diagnóstica-Área de Sanidad Animal; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Patología General y Especial; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina

Rabies is an important zoonosis with impact on livestock production. The diagnosis is usually based on the rabies virus detection in fresh or refrigerated brain samples by direct immunofluorescence (IF) performed on fixed brain smears. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of 6 monoclonal and 1 rabbit-polyclonal new antibodies for rabies diagnostic by using immunohistochemistry (IHC), which detects the agent on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues samples. Tested with 2 positive and 2 negative cows for rabies at dilutions 1/200 and 1/1000, obtained immunostaining was strong for one monoclonal and weak for the polyclonal at both dilutions. For 3 monoclonals, the immunostaining was weaker at 1/1000 and was negative at both dilutions for 2 monoclonals. Unwanted background was absent and negative samples remained clear for all antibodies. When the first monoclonal was applied on sections of brain of 19 cows with Rabies and 41 control cows at 1/1000 dilution, immunohistochemistry recognized all positive samples and was negative for all control cows. The number of cases analyzed did not allow estimating sensitivity and specificity of the tested assay, but the correlation observed between IF and IHC in both positive and negative samples suggested that accuracy of the test might be good. The results indicated that the tested antibody can detect the rabies virus on formalin fixed tissue samples, and that immunohistochemistry can complement other confirmatory tests when those cannot be performed. Instituto de Patobiología Fil: Jauregui, Gloria R. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Fontana, Diego. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Desarrollo Biotecnológico Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta. Grupo de Trabajo de Patología, Epidemiología e Investigación Diagnóstica. Área de Sanidad Animal; Argentina Fil: Prieto, Claudio. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Desarrollo Biotecnológico Fil: Delgado, Fernando Oscar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología; Argentina. Universidad del Salvador. Carrera de Veterinaria; Argentina

The aim of this work was to study the effect of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) on copper (Cu) and phosphorus (P) in blood of beef cattle in two ranches (R1 and R2) located in northwestern Argentina. In 2015–2016 (R1) and 2016–2017 (R2), in each ranch, 22 weaned female calves were divided into two groups: calves treated systematically with 200 mcg/kg moxidectin every 45–50 days (TG) and untreated calves (UTG). The following parameters were measured: number of fecal eggs (epg), fecal cultures, serum Cu and P levels, and live weight gain (LWG). Differences between groups were compared using analysis of variance and Tukey test. GIN infections in both ranches were subclinical and moderate, showing the highest epg (R1 = 907 ± 754; R2 = 1049 ± 1040) by mid-winter. Epg values of TG groups were always negligible (> 93% of moxidectin efficacy). The dominant nematode genera were Cooperia and Haemonchus. The average serum Cu values (μg/dl) indicated low (R1 = 49.7 ± 18) and severe (R2 = 27.2 ± 14) deficiency. The effect of treatments was evident in both ranches from late winter, with TG showing significantly (p, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias

The aim of this paper was to report an outbreak of avocado poisoning in rabbits in Salta, Argentina. Fourteen rabbits died of congestive heart failure within 30 h of ingesting fresh avocado leaves from pruned trees. They showed clinical signs of respiratory and cardiac distress. Full necropsies of four rabbits were performed and samples were collected for histopathology. The gross pathological observation included pleural and pericardial effusion, pulmonary oedema, slight ascites; the hearts appeared flabby and markedly pale. In addition, the stomach content consisted mostly of green feed with large amounts of avocado leaves. Epidermal fragments of Persea americana were identified by microhistological analysis of gastric content to get most efficiently to a correct diagnosis. Histopathological examination revealed degeneration and necrosis of myocytes and a mononuclear cellular infiltration mainly involving the myocardium and, to a lesser extent, the liver, lung and kidneys. Our observations indicate that avocado leaves should be avoided in the green diet of rabbits.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el desempeño productivo y desarrollo ruminal de cabritos Saanen alimentados con alfalfa y/o grano (Alf, Alf + Gr, Gr) y faenados a distintas edades (50, 60 y 70 días). Se evaluó: ganancia diaria de peso vivo (GDPV), peso a faena (PF), peso de la canal caliente (PCC), rendimiento a faena (RF), peso de los estómagos y el largo de las pailas (LP). El diseño fue DCA con arreglo factorial y para la comparación de medias se utilizó LSD (p=0,05). Los animales fueron asignados al azar dentro de los tratamientos: Alf 50 (n=3), Alf 60 (n=4), Alf 70 (n=3), Gr 50 (n=3), Gr 60 (n=4), Gr 70 (n=3), Alf+Gr 50 (n=3), Alf+Gr 60 (n=4), Alf+Gr 70 (n=3). Los datos fueron analizados mediante ANOVA de Infostat 2018. No se detectó interacción entre dieta y edad de faena para ninguno de los parámetros. En cuanto a la dieta, los animales que consumieron Alf y Alf + Gr presentaron mayores GDPV (p= 0,0022). El PF fue superior para el grupo Alf+Gr respecto al Gr (p=0,0352). Similar fue lo relevado para el PCC (p=0,0298). El RF fue mayor para el grupo Gr respecto a las otras dietas (p

La Dermatitis Digital (DD) es una afección podal de distribución mundial. Al igual que otras enfermedades que afectan al pie bovino induce evidentes cojeras, con las consecuentes pérdidas productivas y económicas. Comúnmente se la describe en el ganado lechero y raramente en ganado de carne. En este trabajo se presentan dos brotes de DD en novillos de feedlot del Noroeste Argentino. Se destacan aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos, patológicos y de diagnóstico. La incidencia fue de 5 y 35 %. Las lesiones se identificaron típicamente en el área palmar de los miembros posteriores e histopatológicamente se observó una dermatitis necrotizante con infiltrado neutrofílico. Mediante la tinción Warthin-Starry se identificaron espiroquetas intralesionales en el 50% (4/8) de las muestras colectadas. Digital Dermatitis (DD) is a podal condition of worldwide distribution. Like other diseases that affect the bovine foot, it induces obvious lameness, with consequent productive and economic losses. It is commonly described in dairy cattle and descriptions in beef cattle are scarce. In this paper, two DD outbreaks are described in steers from feed-lot in the Argentine Northwest. Emphasis is given to more relevant aspects of clinical, epidemiological, pathological and diagnostic findings. The incidence was 5 and 35%. Lesions are typically identified in the palmar area of the hind limbs, and a necrotizing dermatitis with neutrophil infiltrate was observed histopathologically. By Warthin-Starry staining was identified an intralesional spirochetes in 50% (4/8) of collected samples.

La leptospirosis en equinos es generalmente asintomática, aunque existen regiones donde la enfermedad constituye un problema. Aquí se describe un caso de aborto en yegua debido a la infección por este agente. Se efectuó la necropsia completa de un feto a término donde se colectaron muestras para inmunofluorescencia directa (IFD), histopatología y microbiología. Además, se efectuó un estudio serológico de la tropilla y se evaluó seroconversión en la yegua abortada. El feto evidenció hepatomegalia, esplenomegalia e ictericia. Microscópicamente se apreció hepatitis mononuclear con disociación de los hepatocitos, esplenitis aguda y glomérulo-nefritis. Aunque el microrganismo no pudo ser aislado, la enfermedad se confirmó por la seroconversión observada en la yegua abortada, y debido a la identificación del agente mediante IFD en la impronta renal. Este caso demuestra la presencia del agente localmente y evidencia que la enfermedad puede ser un problema para la producción ecuestre. Leptospirosis in horses is usually asymptomatic, although there are regions where the disease is a problem. Here, a case of abortion caused by the agent in a mare is described. Full autopsy of a fetus at term was performed; samples for direct immunofluorescence (DIF), histopathology and microbiology were collected. Additionally, a serological study of the herd was conducted, as well as seroconversion in the aborted mare. The fetus evidenced hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and jaundice. Microscopically, mononuclear hepatitis with hepatocyte dissociation, acute splenitis and glomerulonephritis, were appreciated. Although the microorganism couldn’t be quite properly, the disease was confirmed by the seroconversion present in the aborted mare. Another factor was the identification of the agent through the renal imprint DIF. This case demonstrates the presence of the agent mentioned locally, and evidences that the disease can represent a problem to the equestrian industry Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Salta-Jujuy. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina Fil: Martinez, Mara Leila. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Patobiología; Argentina Fil: Zurita, S. G.. Universidad Católica de Salta; Argentina Fil: Grune Loffler, Sylvia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigacion En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas. Instituto de Patobiologia Veterinaria. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Instituto de Patobiologia Veterinaria.; Argentina Fil: Romero, G.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigacion En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas. Instituto de Patobiologia Veterinaria. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Instituto de Patobiologia Veterinaria.; Argentina Fil: Brihuega, Bibiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigacion En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas. Instituto de Patobiologia Veterinaria. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Instituto de Patobiologia Veterinaria.; Argentina

"Mascadera" is a chronic emaciating neuropathy affecting goats; it produces significant economic losses in many regions and its cause is unknown. Here, the histological lesions found in 15 animals naturally affected by the disease are described. Complete necropsy was performed and tissue samples were collected for histopathological study. Severe atrophy of the masseter and buccinator muscles and tongue was observed, as well as vacuolar degeneration of neurons in the nuclei of the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. No relevant lesions were observed in other tissues. These findings and the clinical signs are consistent with those observed by other authors in animals spontaneously and experimentally intoxicated with Prosopis juliflora. The disease may be due to consumption of a similar species present in our country that is still unknown. Further research on the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease is needed to establish appropriate prevention guidelines., Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias

Nierembergia linariifolia var. linariifolia ha sido sospechada históricamente como planta tóxica en algunas regiones del noroeste de Argentina. Se administró una dosis de 10 g de materia seca de planta molida/kg de peso, a tres cabras adultas mediante el empleo de sonda nasogástrica. Otros tres animales permanecieron como grupo control y recibieron heno de alfalfa. Las cabras que recibieron la planta, presentaron signos clínicos de cólico abdominal entre las 7 y 45 horas post-administración. Ninguno de los animales murió y todos se recuperaron totalmente a las 72 horas de iniciado el ensayo. Nierembergia linariifolia var. linariaefolia demostró tener efectos tóxicos a nivel gastrointestinal a la dosis administrada, aunque no se observaron daños más severos. The species Nierembergialinariifoliavar. linariifoliahas been historically incriminated as toxicforanimals in northwestern Argentina. A dose of 10 g of ground dry matter / kg of live weight was administered to three adult goats by the use of a nasogastric tube. Another three animals remained as “control group”, and receiving alfalfa hay. The goats thatreceived the plant presented clinical signs of abdominal colic between 7 and 45 hours post-administration. None of the animals died and all recovered fully within 72 hours of initiation of the test. Nierembergialinariifoliavar. linariaefoliashowedto have toxic effects at the gastrointestinal level at the dose administered, although no severe damage was observed EEA Salta Fil: Torino, Facundo. Universidad Católica de Salta. Cátedra de Práctica hospitalaria de Grandes Animales ; Argentina Fil: Colque Caro, Luis Adrian. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Cátedra de Diversidad de las Plantas; Argentina Fil: Martinez, Olga Gladys. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido. Área de investigación en Salud Animal -EEA Salta; Argentina Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Universidad Católica de Salta. Cátedra de Práctica hospitalaria de Grandes Animales; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido. Área de investigación en Salud Animal -EEA Salta; Argentina

Heterophyllaea pustulata Hook. f. (Rubiaceae) is a phototoxic plant. It grows in the Andean area of northwest of Argentina, and it causes significant economic losses in the livestock. This plant induces dermal lesions by photosensitization probably due to its content of photosensitizing anthraquinones. This paper describes an outbreak of poisoning in Corriedale sheepfold, which had an incidence of 49%. Ear skin biopsies and blood samples were collected of six affected animals. Liver enzymes remained within the reference limits. Histopathologically, a deep necrotizing dermatitis was identified in all samples. H. pustulata was identified in the areas of grazing. Anthraquinone concentration in leaves was 0.84% p/p, expressed as rubiadin. All findings allow us to conclude that the diagnosis is a primary photosensitization. Huge regional economic losses could be attributed to H. pustulata poisoning, although its toxicity has been little studied., Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias

La toxicidad de varias especies del género Senecio es bien conocida a nivel mundial. En Argentina se han descrito casos en bovinos pero los registros son escasos. En este trabajo se describen cuadros de seneciosis equina en dos predios rurales del noroeste argentino (Salta). Se mencionan los hallazgos clínicos y patológicos, caracterizados por fibrosis hepática, megalocitosis, hiperplasia biliar y colestasis. En individuos afectados se observó pérdida de peso, depresión, ataxia y dificultad para deambular. En las áreas de pastoreo se identificó la presencia de Senecio rudbeckiaefolius, S. madagascariensis y S. hieronymi. Se identificaron y cuantificaron alcaloides pirrolizidínicos en estas tres especies, mediante cromatografía gaseosa acoplada a espectrometría de masa. Se determinó la presencia de senecionina, integerrimina, usaramina, jacozina, jacobina, senecivernina, platyphyllina y neoplatyphyllina. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la intoxicación de equinos por Senecio en Argentina y ponen de manifiesto los primeros hallazgos de alcaloides pirrolizidínicos en tres especies de Senecio endémicas para el noroeste del país. The toxicity of several species of genus Senecio is well known worldwide. In Argentina there have been cases in cattle but records are scarce. In this paper equine seneciosis is described in two rural areas of argentinean northwest. Clinical and pathological findings characterized by hepatic fibrosis, megalocytosis, cholestasis and biliary hyperplasia, were recorded. In sick animals it was observed weight loss, depression, and ataxia. In grassing areas Senecio rudbeckiaefolius, Senecio madagascariensis and Senecio hieronymi were identified. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Presence of senecionine, integerrimine, usaramine, jacozine, jacobine, senecivernine, platyphylline and neoplatyphylline was recorded. The results confirm Senecio poisoning in horses in Argentina and reveal the first finding of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in three endemic species of Senecio for Northwest Argentina EEA.Salta Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido. Área de investigación en Salud Animal -EEA Salta; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Merep, P. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Tomas, Rodrigo Hernán. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Perotti, M. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Schuff, C. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias; Argentina

The aim of this work was to study the epidemiology and the harmful effect of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) on beef cattle in the piedmont forest and grassland region of northwestern Argentina, between March 2015 and March 2016. Sixty weaned female calves were divided into three groups: STG—calves treated systematically with 200 mcg/kg moxidectin every 40–50 days; LTG—calves treated as usually locally implemented, with 200 mcg/kg ivermectin on May 4 and August 5; and UTG—calves not receiving treatment. Moreover, a group of 20 untreated first-calving cows was monitored. Eggs per gram of faeces (epg) and faeces cultures were performed. Live weight gain (LWG) was recorded. Differences among groups were compared using analysis of variance and Tukey test. At the start of the experiment, mean epg was from moderate to high (595 ± 480); therefore, this group was treated in May. Mean UTG epg peaked (907 ± 754) in mid-winter, decreasing toward spring. LTG epg only decreased partially after treatment, showing 54.2% of ivermectin efficacy. Epg values of STG were always negligible values (95.8% of moxidectin efficacy). The dominant nematode genus was Cooperia (81.9%), followed by Haemonchus (15.5%). The effect of treatments was evident from middle autumn, with STG showing a significantly (p

A retrospective analysis (2000 to 2013) of cattle poisoning caused by toxic plants and other compounds was carried out in the Pampas region of Argentina by the Animal Health Group of INTA-EEA, Balcarce. During this period, 1263 reports of diseases of different etiologies (infectious, parasitic, toxic, metabolic and miscellaneous) were recorded in cattle, by collecting anamnestic, clinical and pathological information. A toxic etiology was diagnosed in 21.1% of these reports. Iatrogenic poisoning caused by ionophores was the most frequently recorded etiology. Consumption of toxic plants (Wedelia glauca, Solanum glaucophyllum, among others), mycotoxins (Claviceps purpurea, Claviceps paspali, Epichloë coenophiala, among others), and plants producing cyanide and nitrates/nitrites were also commonly diagnosed. The high frequency of toxic episodes and the difficulties in their diagnosis by practitioners in our livestock production systems emphasizes the importance of this report. EEA Balcarce Fil: García, Juan Agustín. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Canton, German Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Spath, Ernesto Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Odriozola, Ernesto Raul. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Garcia, Bernardo L. Actividad Privada; Argentina Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina Fil: Campero, Carlos Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina

La artritis y encefalitis Caprina (CAEV) puede presentar diferentes síntomas clínicos, siendo la artritis la más común. A fin de caracterizar la presencia de enfermedades en las majadas caprinas del noroeste argentino, se llevó a cabo una encuesta sanitaria a productores, con toma de muestras biológicas para el diagnóstico de enfermedades en la que fue incluida CAEV. Se efectuó un análisis serológico con un ELISA indirecto y se completó con un examen clínico general de los animales y toma de muestra de necropsia de algunos de los casos. En la Provincia de Salta, tres establecimientos fueron positivos, con un 6,25% de prevalencia. La seroprevalencia del hato con seguimiento de caso fue del 55% mientras que el 48% presentó signos clínicos donde la artritis de la articulación carpal fue la más frecuentemente afectada. El virus CAEV está distribuido en la provincia de Salta y la severidad de las lesiones observadas sugiere la presencia de nuevas cepas que deben ser investigadas conjuntamente al desarrollo de capacidades locales para el diagnóstico, clave de cualquier plan de erradicación. SUMMARY. Characterization of caprine arthritis-encephalitis disease in Salta and Jujuy provinces. Caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus (CAEV) may present different clinical symptoms, with arthritis being the most common. In order to characterize the presence of diseases in goats from the Argentinean northwest, a sanitary survey was carried out to producers, with biological sampling for the diagnosis of diseases in which CAEV was included. A serological analysis was performed with an indirect ELISA and was completed with a general clinical examination of the animals and a necropsy sample collection of some of the cases. In the Province of Salta, three establishments were positive, with a prevalence of 6.25%. The serum prevalence of the herd with case follow-up was 55%, while 48% presented clinical signs where arthritis of the carpal joint was most frequently affected. The CAEV virus is spread in the province of Salta and the severity of the observed lesions suggests the presence of new strains that should be investigated in combination with the development of local capacities for diagnosis, this is the key to any eradication plan.

Seven flocks of different composition of goat and/or sheep were evaluated for the presence of Muellerius capillaris (Mueller 1889) in sites of different climatic conditions and under different management practices in northwestern Argentina. The nematode was recovered and identified in four goat flocks and two mixed goat and sheep flocks. Three goat flocks and both mixed goat and sheep flocks were located in Lerma Valley (Salta), with the other goat flock located in Quebrada de Humahuaca (Jujuy). M. capillaris was not detected in the Puna of Jujuy (3500 m a.s.l.). First-stage larvae were recovered from fecal samples using the Baermann technique. Lungs from six goats revealed numerous small pulmonary nodules and areas of emphysema, as well as a small number of M. capillaris adults. This is the first report of M. capillaris in Argentina.

An outbreak of enteric listeriosis in steers that were fed spoiled silage is reported. The outbreak started 2 days after ~200 animals in a single paddock were given a supplement of spoiled silage. Forty animals (20%) were affected, and 13 (6.5%) died over a period of 10 days. Affected animals were recumbent, depressed, and had diarrhea with mucus and fibrin. Gross and microscopic findings in 3 animals that were subjected to autopsy included excess peritoneal fluid, congestion and edema of abomasum, suppurative enteritis and colitis, and suppurative mesenteric lymphadenitis. Two strains of Listeria monocytogenes were isolated, one of serotype 1/2c from the gallbladder and one of serotype 1/2b from the spoiled silage. Listeria monocytogenes was detected in the mesenteric lymph nodes and intestinal wall of 1 animal by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Clinical history and signs, gross and microscopic findings, bacterial isolation, and IHC results confirmed a diagnosis of enteric listeriosis. The source of infection was likely the spoiled silage EEA Balcarce Fil: Garcia, Juan Angel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; Argentina. Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina Fil: Campero, Carlos Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Grupo de Salud Animal; Argentina Fil: Morrell, Eleonora Lidia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Grupo de Salud Animal; Argentina Fil: Odriozola, Ernesto Raul. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Grupo de Salud Animal; Argentina Fil: Moreira, Ana Rita. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Grupo de Salud Animal; Argentina

Bovine neosporosis is a parasitic disease of major concern in cattle industry worldwide. Although abortion is the more frequent clinical presentation, sporadic congenital clinical bovine neosporosis has been scarcely reported in newborn calves. Neospora caninum encephalomyelitis was diagnosed in two of 314 newborn calves submitted for necropsy and laboratory analysis between 2000 and 2014. The two new born calves had limb dysfunction, loss of conscious proprioception and ataxia. Protozoal multifocal nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis was observed and diagnosis was confirmed using serology, immunohistochemistry and PCR. This is the first report of clinical congenital neosporosis in calves from Argentina. Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina Fil: Moore, Prando Dadin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Canal, Ana Maria. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Lischinsky, Lilian Haydee. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentina Fil: Hecker, Yanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Canton, German Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Odriozola, Ernesto Raul. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Odeon, Anselmo Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Campero, Carlos Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina

Actinobacillosis is a common cause of sporadic infection in cattle. It was mostly characterized as a pyogranulomatous inflammation of the tongue, but also soft tissues as lymph nodes, other digestive tract localization and skin. The aim of this study was to describe an episode of granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis affecting a bull herd in Argentina during 2010. Actinobacillus lignieresii was isolated from samples collected from one of the affected bulls, and characteristic lesions were observed. Lesions other than 'wooden tongue' are usually uncommon; however, actinobacillosis should be included as a differential diagnosis for cutaneous diseases. A actinobacilose é causa comum de infecções esporádicas em bovinos. Esta afeção tem sido caracterizada como uma infecção piogranulomatosa não somente da língua como também de tecidos moles tais como linfonodos, ou outras localizações no trato digestivo e na pele. O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever um episódio de dermatite piogranulomatosa e linfadenite que afetou um rebanho de touros na Argentina em 2010. As amostras recolhidas de um dos animais afetados permitiram o isolamento de Actinobacillus lignieresii. Observaram-se as lesões características da doença. Habitualmente não são comuns outras lesões para além das descritas como "língua de pau", no entanto, a actinobacilose deve ser incluída como um possível diagnóstico diferencial de doenças cutâneas.