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The biotransformation of poultry (PSW) and swine (SSW) slaughterhouse waste might provide protein feedstuffs, ensuring efficient ruminant systems while safeguarding the environment. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of PSW and SSW as alternative protein feed for ruminant animals. A total of 24 lambs [25.4 ± 3.13 kg of body weight (BW), mean ± SD] were randomly allocated to one of three groups (n = 8): a control diet formulated with typical protein ingredients (CTRL) and two diets formulated with PSW or SSW meal as a protein source. Dietary inclusion of PSW or SSW did not alter (p = 0.05) dry matter intake or final BW. However, animals fed SSW showed the highest average daily gain (ADG, p = 0.04). In addition, substituting PSW and SSW improved the feed conversation ratio (FCR, p = 0.05). There were no diet effects (p = 0.05) on N intake, while fecal N excretion increased (p = 0.03) with SSW feeding. Compared to CTRL and PSW, ingestion of SSW decreased (p = 0.001) and retained N. The digestibility of crude protein and organic matter remained unchanged (p = 0.05). Additionally, there were no differences (p = 0.05) in potential microbial protein synthesis based on either protein content (SPMp) or energy content (SPMe). Similarly, potential metabolizable protein by protein (PMp) and potential metabolizable energy by protein (PMe) were not affected (p = 0.05). Overall, both PSW and SSW positively influenced the growth performance of ewe lambs. However, further studies are warranted to explore the impact of PWS or SSW feeding on rumen function, nitrogen pollution, and protein escaping the rumen into the intestine in ruminants.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of copra meal (the waste coconut of the oil industry) on in vitro ruminal kinetic and greenhouse gases production and on in vivo lamb performance. Twenty-eight male Rambouillet sheep (initial body weight 24.5 ± 3.9 kg) were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments: 0, 50, 100, and 150 g of copra meal/kg in their diet (dry matter basis). Final weight, weight gain, and feed intake were not affected (p > 0.05) by the copra meal addition. The gas production volume (V) decreased, and the gas production rate increased, in a linear trend (p < 0.05) as copra meal was added to the diet. In contrast, methane and CO2 production showed an opposite quadratic trend (p < 0.05), with the highest and lowest values reported at 100 g/kg DM of copra meal, respectively. The addition of copra meal in the lambs’ diet decreases the volume of gas production and is a strategy to decrease methane and carbon dioxide production in feeding without affecting animal performance.

Natural rennet is widely used in artisanal cheese shops to produce fresh cheese with particular characteristics such flavour, in comparison to artificial rennet. This rennet is produced by the cheesemakers under non-hygienic conditions. The use of non-thermal technologies such as ultrasound and UV light can be an alternative of rennet sanitisation. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of applying of different times of ultrasound or ultraviolet on the microbial growth in natural rennet for fresh cheese manufacture, its curd yield and curd hardness texture. Natural rennet was prepared and divided into three samples, one of which was exposed to ultrasound for 5, 10 and 15 min, the second one received UV radiation for 30, 60 and 90 min, and the last one was considered as the control treatment. A microbial test was conducted to analyse total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aereus and Salmonella spp. Fresh cheeses were manufactured using the different rennets and the coagulant effect was tested by way of with a texture test (hardness). The results showed the highest microbial growth in the control treatment; none of the US treatments allowed microbial growth and the UV radiation was effective for all microorganisms at a 90 min exposure. All rennet treatments maintained their coagulant effect. In conclusion, the use of non-thermal methods was effective for rennet sterilisation, although it affected curd yield (2% less).Highlights Ultrasound inhibits pathogenic microorganisms growing in natural rennet. Sterilisation by non-thermal methods does not affect the coagulation process. A 42 kHz ultrasound at, 70 W power caused the best reduction of pathogenic bacteria.

Mujer de 52 años con fibrilación auricular, trombocitopenia y hemorragias digestivas graves con diferentes anticoagulantes. Se refirió para cierre de orejuela izquierda. Un año antes se intentó la ablación de venas pulmonares, con imposibilidad de acceso femoral por interrupción congénita de la vena cava inferior, previamente desconocida (figura 1A; asterisco). Se planificó un procedimiento transyugular derecho, bajo anestesia general, guiado por ecocardiografía transesofágica y fusión tomografía computarizada-fluoroscopia (vídeo 1 del material adicional). La orejuela tenía morfología en manga de viento, con un diámetro medio de 20 mm en la landing zone y de 30 mm en el ostium (figura 1B,C), por lo que se decidió utilizar un dispositivo LAmbre (LifeTech Scientific, China) de 24 × 30 mm, cuya alta capacidad de anclaje y cierre predominante mediante el disco podrían facilitar el procedimiento. La punción transeptal se realizó con vaina SL1 y aguja BRK-1 XS (Abbott, Estados Unidos), a la que se realizó una curva secundaria, y con una guía de punción específica SafeSept (Pressure Products, Estados Unidos) para mayor precisión (figura 2A,B; el asterisco indica la punción posterior y media. Ao: aorta, OAI: orejuela, VCS: cava superior). El dispositivo se implantó a través de una vaina orientable Fustar de 10...

A 52-year-old woman with atrial fibrillation, thrombocytopenia, and severe gastrointestinal bleeding while on several anticoagulants was referred for left atrial appendage closure. A year earlier, pulmonary vein ablation had been attempted but femoral access proved impossible due to a previously undetected congenital interruption of the inferior vena cava (figure 1A; asterisk). A right transjugular procedure was planned under general anesthesia and guided by transesophageal echocardiography and computed tomography-fluoroscopy fusion imaging (video 1 of the supplementary data). The left atrial appendage had a windsock morphology, with a mean diameter of 20 mm at the landing zone and 30 mm at the ostium (figure 1B,C). Consequently, a 24 mm x 30 mm LAmbre LAA Occluder system (LifeTech Scientific, China) was used, because its secure anchorage and closure mainly through the disk could facilitate the procedure. Transseptal puncture was performed using an SL1 sheath and a BRK-1 XS needle (Abbott, United States) by pre-shaping a secondary curve, followed by the insertion of a SafeSept guidewire (Pressure Products, United States) specifically designed for greater accuracy of transseptal puncture (figure 2A,B; the asterisk indicates the posterior and mid-puncture. Ao, aorta; LAA, left atrial appendage; SVC, superior vena cava). The device was implanted through a 10-Fr...

Herbal formulas supplemented have improved the health of ruminants. Our objectives were to determine the effects of supplemental Indian polyherbal phytogenic sources (IndPPs) on the growth performance, blood chemistry, blood cells, and antibody amounts of dairy calves. Forty Holstein calves (Initial BW 45.8 ± 7.2 kg) were randomly assigned to treatments: 0, 1, 2, and 3 gd-1 of IndPPs. The herbal supplement was characterized by GC-MS analysis. The calves treated with IndPPs additive did not affect the average productive variable involved in growth. The use of IndPPs linearly reduces the blood serum biochemistry glucose (P

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la carga microbiológica de coliformes totales (CT), Staphylococcus aureus y Salmonella spp en leche y quesos frescos como indicadores de prácticas de proceso que se realizan en queserías de diferentes localidades de la región de Salinas, San Luis Potosí. Se muestrearon 15 establecimientos, se obtuvieron muestras de leche y queso y se les realizó un análisis de composición de la leche y microbiológico. El 65 % de las unidades de producción no pasteuriza la leche o utiliza cuajo natural. Los conteos más elevados en leche fueron de 42 x 109 y 40 x 109 UFC/ml para S. aureus y CT, respectivamente. Para queso, las cuentas de 32 x 109 y 26 x 109 UFC/g para S. aureus y CT, respectivamente. Además, se detectó presencia de Salmonella en leche y queso. Se concluye que la falta de higiene en los utensilios y equipos en los que se elaboran los quesos, así como el uso de cuajo natural, pueden ser un riesgo para la salud del consumidor.

The aim of this work was to supplement a diet with chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) based on the requirements of finishing lambs for meat, and to analyze biometric parameters and fatty acid profiles in meat. Eighteen male Rambouillet lambs with a bodyweight of 25 kg were used. Animals were kept in individual pens with water and feed provided ad libitum. Three finishing diets were designed with the inclusion of 0, 50 and 100 g dry matter chia seeds and divided among the animals (n = 6). The experimental period lasted 60 days. The weights of the individual lambs were recorded every 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the animals were slaughtered and the weights of the hot carcasses and non-meat components were registered. In addition, an analysis of the fatty acid composition was carried out in the muscles (Longissimus thoracis). The total weight gain and average daily gain displayed significant differences (p < 0.05). Initial and final bodyweights, such as the dry matter intake, did not display differences. The fatty acid profile of the meat tended to decrease the SFA (stearic acid) and increase MUFA (oleic acid) (p < 0.0001) when chia seeds were added to the lamb diets. In conclusion, chia seed supplementation did not increase meat production or other biometric parameters; however, it modified the fatty acid profile in L. thoracis.

Previous research indicates that adequate choline nutrition during late gestation improves fetal development. However, there is a lack of studies describing choline’s role during early gestation. Thus, the current study hypothesizes that an herbal mixture as a source of choline (Biocholine) positively affects offspring development from ewes supplemented during early gestation. Therefore, the objectives were to evaluate the impact of biocholine on the programming of the offspring early in life through the evaluation of dams and newborn performance. Twenty-eight four-year-old Rambouillet ewes were assigned randomly to two treatments: non-supplementation and 4 gd−1 of biocholine during the early gestation. Compared with the dams without supplementation, the ewes supplemented using biocholine showed no increase in parameters such as birth and weaning weight (p > 0.05). Additionally, the milk yield and quality of colostrum and milk did not present statistical differences (p > 0.05). However, the placental membrane development was reduced in the ewes that received supplementation with biocholine; interestingly, those dams increased the weight of the newborns during the lambing period (p < 0.05). Finally, the current study proposes necessary elucidation of how placental size is programmed and if less placental development has potential benefits in the fetus’s development.