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1. Metabolic syndrome criteria and severity and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in an adult population

Author

Silvia García, Rosario Pastor, Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida, Laura Álvarez-Álvarez, María Rubín-García, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Dolores Corella, Albert Goday, J. Alfredo Martínez, Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez, Julia Wärnberg, Jesús Vioque, Dora Romaguera, José Lopez-Miranda, Ramon Estruch, Francisco J. Tinahones, José Lapetra, Lluís Serra-Majem, Blanca Riquelme-Gallego, Xavier Pintó, José J. Gaforio, Pilar Matía, Josep Vidal, Clotilde Vázquez, Lidia Daimiel, Emilio Ros, Carmen Sayón-Orea, Patricia Guillem-Saiz, Cristina Valle-Hita, Robert Cabanes, Itziar Abete, Leire Goicolea-Güemez, Enrique Gómez-Gracia, Cristina Tercero-Maciá, Antoni Colom, Antonio García-Ríos, Sara Castro-Barquero, José C. Fernández-García, José Manuel Santos-Lozano, Juan Carlos Cenoz, Rocío Barragán, Nadine Khoury, Olga Castañer, María Ángeles Zulet, Jessica Vaquero-Luna, Maira Bes-Rastrollo, Sara de las Heras-Delgado, Ramon Ciurana, Vicente Martín-Sánchez, Josep A. Tur, and Cristina Bouzas

Subjects
Metabolic syndrome, Environment, CO2 emissions, Non-communicable diseases, Glycaemia, Diet, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a growing risk factor of some non-communicable diseases. Increase of greenhouse gas emissions affects the planet. Aims To assess the association between MetS severity and amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted in an adult population. Design Cross-sectional study (n = 6646; 55-76-year-old-men; 60-75-year-old-women with MetS). Methods Dietary habits were assessed using a pre-validated semi quantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire. The amount of CO2 emitted due to the production of food consumed by person and day was calculated using a European database, and the severity of the MetS was calculated with the MetS Severity Score. Results Higher glycaemia levels were found in people with higher CO2 emissions. The risk of having high severe MetS was related to high CO2 emissions. Conclusions Low CO2 emissions diet would help to reduce MetS severity. Advantages for both health and the environment were found following a more sustainable diet. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN89898870 . Registered 05 September 2013.

Published
2023
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2. Association Among Polyphenol Intake, Uric Acid, and Hyperuricemia: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis in a Population at High Cardiovascular Risk

Author

María Rubín‐García, Facundo Vitelli‐Storelli, Laura Álvarez‐Álvarez, Miguel Ángel Martínez‐González, Jordi Salas‐Salvadó, Dolores Corella, Álvaro Hernáez, J. Alfredo Martínez, Ángel M. Alonso‐Gómez, Julia Wärnberg, Jesús Vioque, Dora Romaguera, José López‐Miranda, Ramon Estruch, Francisco J. Tinahones, Luís I. Serra‐Majem, Naomi Cano‐Ibañez, Josep A. Tur, Alba Marcos‐Delgado, Anna Tresserra‐Rimbau, Xavier Pintó, Miguel Delgado‐Rodríguez, Pilar Matía‐Martín, Josep Vidal, Clotilde Vázquez, Lidia Daimiel, Emili Ros, Zenaida Vázquez‐Ruiz, Nancy Babio, Rocío Barragán, Olga Castañer‐Niño, Cristina Razquin, Lucas Tojal‐Sierra, Enrique Gómez‐Gracia, Sandra González‐Palacios, Marga Morey, Antonio García‐Rios, Sara Castro‐Barquero, María Rosa Bernal‐López, José Manuel Santos‐Lozano, Miguel Ruiz‐Canela, Antoni Castro‐Salomó, Eva Cristina Pascual‐Castelló, Verónica Moldon, Vanessa Bullón‐Vela, Carolina Sorto‐Sanchez, Juan Carlos Cenoz‐Osinaga, Liliana Gutiérrez, Maira Mengual, Rosa María Lamuela‐Raventós, and Vicente Martín‐Sánchez

Subjects
hyperuricemia, polyphenols, uric acid, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background Dietary polyphenol intake has been associated with a decreased risk of hyperuricemia, but most of this knowledge comes from preclinical studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the association of the intake of different classes of polyphenols with serum uric acid and hyperuricemia. Methods and Results This cross‐sectional analysis involved baseline data of 6332 participants. Food polyphenol content was estimated by a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and from the Phenol‐Explorer database. Multivariable‐adjusted linear regression models with serum uric acid (milligrams per deciliter) as the outcome and polyphenol intake (quintiles) as the main independent variable were fitted. Cox regression models with constant follow‐up time (t=1) were performed to estimate the prevalence ratios (PRs) of hyperuricemia (≥7 mg/dL in men and ≥6 mg/dL in women). An inverse association between the intake of the phenolic acid class (β coefficient, −0.17 mg/dL for quintile 5 versus quintile 1 [95% CI, −0.27 to −0.06]) and hydroxycinnamic acids (β coefficient, −0.19 [95% CI, −0.3 to −0.09]), alkylmethoxyphenols (β coefficient, −0.2 [95% CI, −0.31 to −0.1]), and methoxyphenols (β coefficient, −0.24 [95% CI, −0.34 to −0.13]) subclasses with serum uric acid levels and hyperuricemia (PR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.71–0.95]; PR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.71–0.95]; PR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.70–0.92]; and PR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.69–0.91]; respectively) was found. The intake of hydroxybenzoic acids was directly and significantly associated with mean serum uric acid levels (β coefficient, 0.14 for quintile 5 versus quintile 1 [95% CI, 0.02–0.26]) but not with hyperuricemia. Conclusions In individuals with metabolic syndrome, a higher intake of some polyphenol subclasses (hydroxycinnamic acids, alkylmethoxyphenol, and methoxyphenol) was inversely associated with serum uric acid levels and hyperuricemia. Nevertheless, our findings warrant further research.

Published
2022
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3. Nutrient adequacy and diet quality in a Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study

Author

Cristina Bouzas, Josep A. Tur, Clotilde Vázquez, Montserrat Fitó, Nerea Becerra-Tomás, Josep Vidal, Rebeca Fernández-Carrión, J. Alfredo Martínez, M. Dolors Zomeño, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Pilar Matía, Francisco J. Tinahones, Jose Lopez-Miranda, M. Angeles Zulet, Emilio Ros, Javier Díez-Espino, Josep Basora, Ramon Estruch, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez, Lluis Serra-Majem, Manuela Abbate, Estefanía Toledo, José Lapetra, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Antonio Garcia-Rios, Dora Romaguera, Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez, Maria del Mar Bibiloni, Juan Carlos Cenoz, Lidia Daimiel, Vicente Martín, Dolores Corella, Jesús Vioque, Xavier Pintó, Alberto Asensio, Helmut Schröder, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas, and Julia Wärnberg

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Mediterranean diet, Population, Physiology, Nutritional Status, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Overweight, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Diet, Mediterranean, Diabetes, Diet quality, Mediterranean diet, Nutrient adequacy, Pre-diabetes, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Micronutrients, education, Geriatric Assessment, Aged, Metabolic Syndrome, education.field_of_study, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrient adequacy, business.industry, Diabetes, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Micronutrient, Obesity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Nutrition Assessment, Dietary Reference Intake, Spain, Patient Compliance, Female, medicine.symptom, Metabolic syndrome, Pre-diabetes, business, Diet quality
Abstract

Background & aims: Few studies have compared micronutrient intake and fulfilment of average requirements (EAR) in non-diabetic, pre-diabetic and diabetic adults at high cardiovascular risk. We assessed these variables in a large sample of participants in the PREDIMED-PLUS randomized trial of primary cardiovascular prevention with diet and physical activity. Design: Baseline assessment of nutritional adequacy in n = 5792 men and women, aged 55-75 years, with overweight/obesity and some metabolic syndrome features. Methods: Participants were categorised as non-diabetic (n = 2390), pre-diabetic (n = 1322) or diabetic (n = 2080) by standard criteria. Food and nutrient intake were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Micronutrients examined were vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, A, C, D, E and folic acid; Ca, K, P, Mg, Fe, Se, Cr, Zn, and iodine. The proportion of micronutrient inadequacy was evaluated using the EAR or adequate intake (AI) cut-offs. Diet quality was also determined using a 17-item energy-restricted Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) questionnaire. Results: Compared to non-diabetic participants, those with pre-diabetes had lower intakes of total carbohydrates (CHO) and higher intakes of total fat and saturated fatty acids (SFA) and were more likely to be below EAR for folic, while diabetic participants had lower intakes of total CHO and higher intakes of protein, total fat, monounsaturated fatty acids, SFA and cholesterol and were less likely to be below EAR for vitamins B2, and B6, Ca, Zn and iodine. Diabetic participants disclosed higher adherence to the MedDiet than the other two groups. Conclusions: Older Mediterranean individuals with metabolic syndrome and diabetes had better nutrient adequacy and adherence to the MedDiet than those with pre-diabetes or no diabetes. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

Published
2020

4. Nut Consumptions as a Marker of Higher Diet Quality in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk

Author

Julia Wärnberg, Maria del Mar Bibiloni, Juan Carlos Cenoz, M. Dolors Zomeño, Helmut Schröder, Emilio Ros, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas, José Lapetra, Dolores Corella, M. Angeles Zulet, Montserrat Fitó, Domingo Orozco-Beltrán, F. Aros, Jose Lopez-Miranda, Xavier Pintó, Lidia Daimiel, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez, Vicente Martín, Javier Díez-Espino, Josep Basora, Josep Vidal, Ramon Estruch, Estefanía Toledo, Dora Romaguera, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Alicia Julibert, Lluis Serra-Majem, Francisco J. Tinahones, Cristina Bouzas, Antonio Garcia-Rios, J. Alfredo Martínez, Mònica Bulló, Pilar Matía, Josep A. Tur, Clotilde Vázquez, Jesús Vioque, and Rebeca Fernández-Carrión

Subjects
Male, Mediterranean diet, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, nut consumption, humanos, Overweight, Diet, Mediterranean, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Nuts, Micronutrients, mediana edad, 2. Zero hunger, Metabolic Syndrome, anciano, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Nutrition and Dietetics, encuestas de nutrición, dieta, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, food and beverages, diet quality, Middle Aged, Micronutrient, Nutrition Surveys, 3. Good health, estado nutricional, Cardiovascular diseases, Dietary Reference Intake, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cuina (Nous), Female, medicine.symptom, Cooking (Nuts), lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, nutrient adequacy, Nut, Population, enfermedades cardiovasculares, Mediterranean diet, cardiovascular risk disease, diet quality, nut consumption, nutrient adequacy, Nutritional Status, lcsh:TX341-641, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Article, cardiovascular risk disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Mediterranean cooking, Ciencias de la Salud::Medicina preventiva [Materias Investigacion], Environmental health, Cuina mediterrània, ingesta energética, medicine, factores de riesgo, Humans, Obesity, education, obesidad, Aged, business.industry, Malalties cardiovasculars, micronutrientes, mediterranean diet, medicine.disease, Diet, nueces, Metabolic syndrome, business, Energy Intake, Food Science
Abstract

Background: Nut consumption has been associated with improved nutrient adequacy and diet quality in healthy adult populations but this association has never been explored in individuals at high cardiovascular risk. Objective: to assess the associations between consumption of nuts and nutrient adequacy and diet quality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk. Design: baseline assessment of nutritional adequacy in participants (n = 6060, men and women, with ages 55&ndash, 75 years old, with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome) in the PREDIMED-PLUS primary cardiovascular prevention randomized trial. Methods: nut intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Participants who reported consuming zero quantity of nuts were classified as &lsquo, non-nut consumers&rsquo, &lsquo, Nut consumers&rsquo, were participants who reported consuming any quantity of nuts. Nineteen micronutrients were examined (vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, A, C, D, E and folic acid, Ca, K, P, Mg, Fe, Se, Cr, Zn, and iodine). The proportion of micronutrient inadequacy was estimated using the estimated average requirements (EAR) or adequate intake (AI) cut-points. Diet quality was also assessed using a 17-item Mediterranean dietary questionnaire (Mediterranean diet score, MDS), a carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and a fat quality index (FQI). Results: eighty-two percent of participants were nut consumers (median of nut consumption 12.6 g/day, interquartile range: 6.0&ndash, 25.2). Nut consumers were less likely to be below the EAR for vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C, D, E, folic acid, and Ca, Mg, Se and Zn than non-nut consumers. Nut consumers were also more likely to be above the AI for K and Cr than non-nut consumers. Nut consumers had lower prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intakes, but also higher CQI, higher FQI, and better scores of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Mediterranean diet score, MDS). Conclusions: nut consumers had better nutrient adequacy, diet quality, and adherence to the MedDiet than those non-nut consumers.

Published
2019

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