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Background: Globally there has been an exponential increase in the penetration of smartphones among the youth population and smartphones have become indispensable in the daily lives of university students in South Korea. Several studies have associated the problematic use of smartphones or addiction with different adverse outcomes. The goal of this study was to collate empirical evidence and provides an overall synthesis of the literature about the adverse effects of smartphone addiction on university students in South Korea. Method: We carried out a systematic review of the published literature between August and October 2022 on the adverse effects of smartphone addiction on university students in South Korea, published between 2012 and 2022 in Pubmed/Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, Biomed-Central, Web of Science, Directory of Open Access Journals, Elsevier’s collection, Wiley Online Library, SpringerLink, Sage Journal’s collection and Cochrane Library. Results: Thirty-four articles published between 2012 and 2022 were included in the synthesis of this review. Eight studies explored the association between smartphone addiction and the psychological and mental health of university students in Korea. Smartphone addiction was associated with physical health leading to sleep disorders and musculoskeletal and neurological problems. Academic performance, procrastination, impulsivity, self-esteem, reduced social interaction, solitude, and suicide were also negatively associated with smartphone addiction. Conclusions: Our study adds to the literature regarding the adverse effects of smartphone addiction on university students in Korea and provides more information for addiction prevention and health promotion activities.

Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) affects more than 25,000 cases each year in Korea.The rate of survival and neurological recovery tend to increase in Korea, but less than other developedcountries. Despite the increase in bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the number of patientswho have an automated external defibrillator (AED) applied by a bystander remains low. We studied theeffect of bystander CPR on survival of OHCA in Korea. Methods: This study was conducted using the‘Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) Survey’ of Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (KCDC) in 2009to 2018. A total of 45,719 cases of OHCA patients were analyzed. We used a chi-square test, log-rank test,multivariable logistic regression and cox-regression analysis to determine the effect of bystander CPR onsurvival of OHCA, depending on various factors. Results: The rate of survival of OHCA was significantlyaffected by age, past medical history, initial cardiac rhythm, pre-hospital CPR and defibrillation, transporttime and a type of bystander CPR. The survival rate of patients who received bystander CPR was 44.3%,compare with those who did not (43.4%). In cases where bystander CPR was received, the survival rate ofpatients with AED (63.1%) was higher than patients with only chest compression (44.2%). Conclusions:With the increase in bystander CPR rates, it is difficult to expect the effect of intervention of bystanders inKorea. Even though the education on AED and the devices itself has been spread throughout the countrysince 2008, the use of AED remains low. Nevertheless, the use of AED has a positive effect on the survivalof OHCA. Improvements on the rate of AED use by bystander in Korea needs to be further elaborated on.

This study was performed to examine the impact on the health behaviors of the children by their parents' drinking behaviors. We used the data from a community health survey in 2009. The subjects were selected the household that had a child older than 19, and then among them, chose those 916 parents of highly risky drinking exposition among 16,383 control parents. The collected data was analyzed by frequency, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis, using SPSS 18.0k program. Parent's high risk drinking behavior was independently associated with children's high risk drinking behavior after adjusting covariates(p

In this paper, a broadband planar monopole antenna for multi-band services is proposed. The physical size of the proposed antenna is miniaturized by folding a rectangular loop. And a resonance point in the 3.9 GHz band is reduced by a coupling phenomenon with the central part of the T-shaped patch and the folded rectangular loop. In addition, the T-shaped patch is inserted to the rectangular shaped monopole antenna due to deriving the broadband frequency characteristics. The frequency characteristic is optimized by adjusting the gap and length of the folded rectangular loops and a transverse diameter of the T-shaped patch. The antenna dimensions including the ground plane are . It is fabricated on the FR-4 substrate(

A reflector, which is by using a novel type of the artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is designed to reduce the specific absorption rate. Transformed symmetrical mushroomlike surface without via holes in cells focused on 2.4 GHz WLAN band is developed. Therefore the designed AMC structure has a high impedance surface characteristic. Each slot in the designed AMC structure plays a key role in modeling at the desired frequencies. One of The special characteristics is that the antenna on the AMC's reflector is working within a quarter-wavelength. For simulated and measured results, reflection coefficients show similar patterns between the AMC's reflector separated one-tenth-wavelength from the antenna and the PEC's reflector separated a quarter-wavelength from the antenna. The designed structure has broad bandwidth, small size, and is easy to fabricate because the proposed structure has no via holes. The human effect is analyzed with applying the designed reflector to the 2.4 GHz dipole antenna. The calculated peak SAR averaged over 1 g is only 0.168 W/kg, when the input power is 1 W. The results show that over 90% of the SAR is blocked compared with the absence of AMC's reflector.