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2. Silica final lens performance in laser fusion facilities: HiPER and LIFE

Author

Garoz, David, González-Arrabal, R., Juárez, R., Álvarez, J., Sanz, J., Perlado, J. M., and Rivera, A.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

Nowadays, the projects LIFE (Laser Inertial Fusion Energy) in USA and HiPER (High Power Laser Energy Research) in Europe are the most advanced ones to demonstrate laser fusion energy viability. One of the main points of concern to properly achieve ignition is the performance of the final optics (lenses) under the severe irradiation conditions that take place in fusion facilities. In this paper, we calculate the radiation fluxes and doses as well as the radiation-induced temperature enhancement and colour centre formation in final lenses assuming realistic geometrical configurations for HiPER and LIFE. On these bases, the mechanical stresses generated by the established temperature gradients are evaluated showing that from a mechanical point of view lenses only fulfill specifications if ions resulting from the imploding target are mitigated. The absorption coefficient of the lenses is calculated during reactor startup and steady-state operation. The obtained results evidence the necessity of new solutions to tackle ignition problems during the startup process for HiPER. Finally, we evaluated the effect of temperature gradients on focal length changes and lens surface deformations. In summary, we discuss the capabilities and weak points of silica lenses and propose alternatives to overcome predictable problems.

Published
2024
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7. Studies of a self-cooled lead lithium blanket for HiPER reactor

Author

Juárez R., Sanz J., Sánchez C., Zanzi C., Hernández J., and Perlado J.M.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Within the frame of the HiPER reactor, we propose and study a Self Cooled Lead Lithium blanket with two different cooling arrangements of the system First Wall – Blanket for the HiPER reactor: Integrated First Wall Blanket and Separated First Wall Blanket. We compare the two arrangements in terms of power cycle efficiency, operation flexibility in out-off-normal situations and proper cooling and acceptable corrosion. The Separated First Wall Blanket arrangement is superior in all of them, and it is selected as the advantageous proposal for the HiPER reactor blanket. However, it still has to be improved from the standpoint of proper cooling and corrosion rates.

Published
2013
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10. A reporting format for leaf-level gas exchange data and metadata

Author

Ely, KS, Rogers, A, Agarwal, DA, Ainsworth, EA, Albert, LP, Ali, A, Anderson, J, Aspinwall, MJ, Bellasio, C, Bernacchi, C, Bonnage, S, Buckley, TN, Bunce, J, Burnett, AC, Busch, FA, Cavanagh, A, Cernusak, LA, Crystal-Ornelas, R, Damerow, J, Davidson, KJ, De Kauwe, MG, Dietze, MC, Domingues, TF, Dusenge, ME, Ellsworth, DS, Evans, JR, Gauthier, PPG, Gimenez, BO, Gordon, EP, Gough, CM, Halbritter, AH, Hanson, DT, Heskel, M, Hogan, JA, Hupp, JR, Jardine, K, Kattge, J, Keenan, T, Kromdijk, J, Kumarathunge, DP, Lamour, J, Leakey, ADB, LeBauer, DS, Li, Q, Lundgren, MR, McDowell, N, Meacham-Hensold, K, Medlyn, BE, Moore, DJP, Negrón-Juárez, R, Niinemets, Ü, Osborne, CP, Pivovaroff, AL, Poorter, H, Reed, SC, Ryu, Y, Sanz-Saez, A, Schmiege, SC, Serbin, SP, Sharkey, TD, Slot, M, Smith, NG, Sonawane, BV, South, PF, Souza, DC, Stinziano, JR, Stuart-Haëntjens, E, Taylor, SH, Tejera, MD, Uddling, J, Vandvik, V, Varadharajan, C, Walker, AP, Walker, BJ, Warren, JM, Way, DA, Wolfe, BT, Wu, J, Wullschleger, SD, Xu, C, Yan, Z, and Yang, D

Subjects
Photosynthesis, Carbon dioxide, Irradiance, Data reporting format, Metadata, Data standard, Ecology, Biological Sciences, Information and Computing Sciences
Abstract

Leaf-level gas exchange data support the mechanistic understanding of plant fluxes of carbon and water. These fluxes inform our understanding of ecosystem function, are an important constraint on parameterization of terrestrial biosphere models, are necessary to understand the response of plants to global environmental change, and are integral to efforts to improve crop production. Collection of these data using gas analyzers can be both technically challenging and time consuming, and individual studies generally focus on a small range of species, restricted time periods, or limited geographic regions. The high value of these data is exemplified by the many publications that reuse and synthesize gas exchange data, however the lack of metadata and data reporting conventions make full and efficient use of these data difficult. Here we propose a reporting format for leaf-level gas exchange data and metadata to provide guidance to data contributors on how to store data in repositories to maximize their discoverability, facilitate their efficient reuse, and add value to individual datasets. For data users, the reporting format will better allow data repositories to optimize data search and extraction, and more readily integrate similar data into harmonized synthesis products. The reporting format specifies data table variable naming and unit conventions, as well as metadata characterizing experimental conditions and protocols. For common data types that were the focus of this initial version of the reporting format, i.e., survey measurements, dark respiration, carbon dioxide and light response curves, and parameters derived from those measurements, we took a further step of defining required additional data and metadata that would maximize the potential reuse of those data types. To aid data contributors and the development of data ingest tools by data repositories we provided a translation table comparing the outputs of common gas exchange instruments. Extensive consultation with data collectors, data users, instrument manufacturers, and data scientists was undertaken in order to ensure that the reporting format met community needs. The reporting format presented here is intended to form a foundation for future development that will incorporate additional data types and variables as gas exchange systems and measurement approaches advance in the future. The reporting format is published in the U.S. Department of Energy's ESS-DIVE data repository, with documentation and future development efforts being maintained in a version control system.

Published
2021

16. Calibration, measurement, and characterization of soil moisture dynamics in a central Amazonian tropical forest

Author

Negrón-Juárez, R, Ferreira, SJF, Mota, MC, Faybishenko, B, Monteiro, MTF, Candido, LA, Ribeiro, RP, de Oliveira, RC, de Araujo, AC, Warren, JM, Newman, BD, Gimenez, BO, Varadharajan, C, Agarwal, D, Borma, L, Tomasella, J, Higuchi, N, and Chambers, JQ

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Soil Sciences, Crop and Pasture Production
Abstract

Soil moisture plays a key role in hydrological, biogeochemical, and energy budgets of terrestrial ecosystems. Accurate soil moisture measurements in remote ecosystems such as the Amazon are difficult and limited because of logistical constraints. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) sensors are widely used to monitor soil moisture and require calibration to convert the TDR's dielectric permittivity measurement (Ka) to volumetric water content (θv). In this study, our objectives were to develop a field-based calibration of TDR sensors in an old-growth upland forest in the central Amazon, to evaluate the performance of the calibration, and then to apply the calibration to determine the dynamics of soil moisture content within a 14.2-m-deep vertical soil profile. Depth-specific TDR calibration using local soils in a controlled laboratory setting yielded a novel Ka–θv third-degree polynomial calibration. The sensors were later installed to their specific calibration depth in a 14.2-m pit. The widely used Ka–θv relationship (Topp model) underestimated the site-specific θv by 22–42%, indicating significant error in the model when applied to these well-structured, clay-rich tropical forest soils. The calibrated wet- and dry-season θv data showed a variety of depth and temporal variations highlighting the importance of soil textural differentiation, root uptake depths, as well as event to seasonal precipitation effects. Data such as these are greatly needed for improving our understanding of ecohydrological processes within tropical forests and for improving models of these systems in the face of changing environmental conditions.

Published
2020

21. A multi-center retrospective cohort study defines the spectrum of kidney pathology in Coronavirus 2019 Disease (COVID-19)

Author

May, Rebecca M., Cassol, Clarissa, Hannoudi, Andrew, Larsen, Christopher P., Lerma, Edgar V., Haun, Randy S., Braga, Juarez R., Hassen, Samar I., Wilson, Jon, VanBeek, Christine, Vankalakunti, Mahesha, Barnum, Lilli, Walker, Patrick D., Bourne, T. David, Messias, Nidia C., Ambruzs, Josephine M., Boils, Christie L., Sharma, Shree S., Cossey, L. Nicholas, Baxi, Pravir V., Palmer, Matthew, Zuckerman, Jonathan E., Walavalkar, Vighnesh, Urisman, Anatoly, Gallan, Alexander J., Al-Rabadi, Laith F., Rodby, Roger, Luyckx, Valerie, Espino, Gustavo, Santhana-Krishnan, Srivilliputtur, Alper, Brent, Lam, Son G., Hannoudi, Ghadeer N., Matthew, Dwight, Belz, Mark, Singer, Gary, Kunaparaju, Srikanth, Price, Deborah, Chawla, Saurabh, Rondla, Chetana, Abdalla, Mazen A., Britton, Marcus L., Paul, Subir, Ranjit, Uday, Bichu, Prasad, Williamson, Sean R., Sharma, Yuvraj, Gaspert, Ariana, Grosse, Philipp, Meyer, Ian, Vasudev, Brahm, El Kassem, Mohamad, Velez, Juan Carlos Q., and Caza, Tiffany N.

Published
2021
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50. Assessment of the Relationship Between Inflammation and Glomerular Filtration Rate

Author

Ramirez-Gonzalez, J. B., primary, Morales-BuenRostro, L. E., additional, Garcia-Covarrubias, L., additional, Pacheco-Domínguez, R. L., additional, Durazo-Arvizu, R., additional, Cuevas-Medina, E. N., additional, Furuzawa-Carballeda, J., additional, Osorio-Juárez, R. A., additional, Correa-Rotter, R., additional, Rincón-Pedrero, R., additional, Alberú-Gómez, Josefina, additional, and López Cervantes, Malaquías, additional

Published
2023
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