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Purpose Each year, young refugees make up seventy percent of Australia's humanitarian intake. A growing number of these young people are settling in regional areas of Australia. The services and social support available to refugees in regional areas differ to that found in metropolitan areas. In this paper, we examine the social experiences of young refugees in regional Australia. Specifically, we explored the role of social capital and its impact on regional settlement experiences for young refugees. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative in-depth interviews and photo elicitation methods were conducted with sixteen Congolese young people with refugee backgrounds living in an Australian regional town. Thematic analysis method was used to analyse the data. Findings Our findings revealed that the young refugees relied on a variety of social capitals to help them integrate into their regional community. Community participation in the form of sport, music and cultural activities were common methods to develop social capital. Importantly, these young people exhibited a remarkable level of resilience and determination that assisted them to succeed in Australia. Practical implications This paper provides an important contribution to the literature guiding refugee policy and practice in the regional area. It highlights that social capital, including bonding and bridging capital, is important for young refugees whose social relationships are often diminished during the process of forced migration. The paper identifies community participation as a potential method for restoring social capital for young refugees, particularly for young refugees in regional Australia where community participation is common. Originality/value This paper offers conceptual understanding about the influence of social capital on the wellbeing of young people from a refugee background; a group within an understudied community in a host country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporal (giant cell) arteritis is a chronic vasculitis of large and medium sized vessels which usually occurs in individuals above 50 years of age. In patients less than 50 years temporal artery vasculitis is extremely rare. The clinical presentations of the vasculitis in younger patients appear to be different from the older patients. We present two case reports of temporal artery vasculitis in patients less than 50 years, one of them with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Both the cases had variable clinical presentations and good response to treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As men age, serum testosterone (T) levels decline, whereas serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels increase somewhat or remain unchanged. Age-related reductions in T levels may be associated with alterations in body composition; energy level; muscle strength; physical, sexual, and cognitive functions; and mood. The predominant contributor to the decline in serum T levels is the decreased ability of the aging testes to make T. As in humans, the Brown Norway rat demonstrates age-related reductions in serum T levels in the setting of unchanged or modestly increased serum LH levels. In this rat model, the ability of aged Leydig cells, the terminally differentiated T-producing cells of the testis, to produce T in response to LH stimulation is significantly diminished. This review begins with a discussion of what is known of the molecular mechanisms by which T synthesis declines with Leydig cell aging. It concludes with a brief history of T replacement therapy, current guidelines, controversies related to T replacement therapy in older men, and proposed future clinical directions.